View source for Prime Minister of Egypt

{{Short description|Head of government of Egypt}}{{For|the list|List of prime ministers of Egypt}}{{Infobox political post
| post = Prime Minister
| body = Egypt
| native_name = {{lang|arz|رئيس مجلس الوزراء}}
| flag = File:Flag of Egypt.svg
| insignia = File:Prime minister of egypt seal.png
| insigniacaption = [[Coat of arms of Egypt|Seal of the Prime minister]]
| insigniasize = 100px
| image = File:Mostafa Madbouly (2023) (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 
| incumbent = [[Mostafa Madbouly]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/2/51733/Knowing-Egypt%E2%80%99s-new-PM-Moustafa-Madbouly |title = Knowing Egypt's new PM, Moustafa Madbouly - EgyptToday}}</ref>
| incumbentsince = 7 June 2018
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| residence = 
| appointer = [[President of Egypt]]
| termlength = No term limit
| formation = 28 August 1878
| inaugural = [[Nubar Pasha]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.cabinet.gov.eg/}}
| flagcaption = [[Flag of Egypt]]
| flagsize = 150px
| type = [[Head of government]]
}}
{{Politics of Egypt}}

The '''prime minister of Egypt''' ({{Langx|ar|رئيس مجلس الوزراء|raʾīs majlis al-wuzarāʾ}}), sometimes referred to as "'''Minister-President of Egypt'''" and "'''President of the Government'''", is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Arabic-language title is "'''President of the Council of Ministers'''", as is the case with the [[Prime Minister of Syria]].

==History==
Egypt has a long history with a prime minister-type position existing in its governance. Under various [[Islamic Empire]]s, Egypt had [[Vizier]]s, a political office similar in authority and structure (in terms of being second in command to the [[Head of State]]) to that of a prime minister. During the Old, Middle, and New Kingdom phases of Ancient Egypt, it was common practice for the [[Pharaoh]] to appoint a second in command officer whose position is translated to as [[Vizier (Ancient Egypt)|Vizier]]. This pattern of having a prime minister/vizier position in government was only broken for an extended period of time during [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] and [[Sassanid]] governance of Egypt, in which Egypt was directly ruled by appointed Governors. Then with the founding of modern Egypt and the advent of the [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]], premiership and cabinets in their current definitions started appearing in Egypt parallel to the country's first modern constitutions and parliaments. The office of [[List of prime ministers of Egypt|Prime Minister of Egypt]] was established in 1878 during the reign of [[Isma'il Pasha|Khedive Ismail]], along with the [[Cabinet of Egypt]]. After the abolition of the monarchy in 1953, the Egyptian government maintained the position of prime-minister.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-17 |title=Egypt - Politics, Society, Economy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Government-and-society |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

In the late 1970s, [[Egypt]] had several cohabitation governments which proved to be unstable, due to the struggle arising between the [[President of Egypt|president]] and the prime minister. From 1981 until 2011, the National Democratic Party had maintained a majority in the [[People's Assembly of Egypt|People's Assembly]] and supplied the Egyptian president.<ref>{{cite news|last=Essam El-Din|first=Gamal|title=Egypt's post-Mubarak legislative life begins amid tension and divisions|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/33/100/32384/Elections-/News/Egypts-postMubarak-legislative-life-begins-amid-te.aspx|newspaper=ahramonline|date=23 Jan 2012}}</ref> The National Democratic Party was dissolved by the supreme administrative court on 16 April 2011, following the Egyptian uprising which eventually caused the resignation of Hosni Mubarak.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13105044 |title=BBC News – Egypt: Mubarak's former ruling party dissolved by court |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= 16 April 2011|access-date=2011-04-19}}</ref>

==Powers==

Previously, under the 1971 Constitution as amended in 1980, 2003 and 2007, the role of the Prime Minister was limited only to supervising the Cabinet, as the President at that time, was both the head of state and of the government.

The prime minister, now, heads the [[Cabinet of Egypt|Cabinet]], and the entire government of the country under the 2012 and the present 2014 Constitutions, aside from supervising and directing its activities and overseeing its work. The prime minister, alongside the members of the Cabinet, may propose laws to unicameral Parliament, the House of Representatives, as well as amendments during parliamentary meetings. The prime minister has also the power to issue regulations enforcing the laws as well as ensuring full public services and disciplinary measures, which must be subject to government approval.

The said regulatory powers were previously held by the president under the 1971 Constitution, as amended in 1980, 2003 and 2007.

The prime minister and the Cabinet also helps the president in formulating the state's general policy and in overseeing its implementation under both the 2012 and the present 2014 Constitutions.

[[Nubar Pasha]] was a [[Christians|Christian]] Egyptian-Armenian politician and the first Prime Minister of Egypt. He served as Prime Minister three times during his career. His first term was between August 1878 and 23 February 1879

When parties from opposite ends of the political spectrum control Parliament and the presidency, the power-sharing arrangement is known as cohabitation. Several cohabitation governments took control in the 1970s yet proved to be very unstable.

==Current Prime Minister==
From 1 March to 17 June 2014, Ibrahim Mahlab served as the Acting Prime Minister of Egypt. At the time of his appointment by Adly Mansour, he said, "security and stability in the entire country and crushing terrorism will pave the way for investment."<ref>{{cite web|last=Kingsley|first=Patrick|title=Egypt names Ibrahim Mahlab as new prime minister|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/egypt-new-prime-minister-ibrahim-mahlab|work=The Guardian|date=25 February 2014|access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref>
	 
A new cabinet was formed on 19 September 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/141862/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Sherif-Ismail-cabinet-with--new-faces-sworn.aspx|title=Egypt's Sherif Ismail cabinet with 16 new faces sworn in by President Sisi|date=19 September 2015|access-date=19 September 2015|work=Ahram Online}}</ref>

Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi accepted the resignation of the government and asked Petroleum Minister Sherif Ismail to form a new cabinet.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-12/egypt-appoints-new-prime-minister-after-government-resigns | title=Egypt Appoints New Prime Minister After Government Resigns | newspaper=Bloomberg.com | date=12 September 2015 }}</ref>

In June 2018, Ismail submitted his letter of resignation to Sisi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=Egypt PM resigns after President Sisi sworn into office |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/egpyt-pm-resigns-president-sisi-sworn-office-180605191621189.html |website=Aljazeera}}</ref>  Soon afterwards, Sisi appointed Housing Minister Mostafa Madbouly as acting prime minister.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/egypt-s-sisi-appoints-housing-minister-as-acting-premier---state-run-media-outlet-10403916 |title=Egypt's Sisi appoints housing minister as acting premier - state-run media outlet - Channel NewsAsia |website=www.channelnewsasia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612131130/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/egypt-s-sisi-appoints-housing-minister-as-acting-premier---state-run-media-outlet-10403916 |archive-date=2018-06-12}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Cabinet of Egypt]]
* [[Politics of Egypt]]
* [[President of Egypt]]
* [[List of political parties in Egypt]]
* [[List of prime ministers of Egypt]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Prime ministers of Egypt}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Egypt topics}}
{{EgyptPMs}}
{{Heads of state and government of Africa}}
{{Heads of state and government of Asia}}
{{Prime Minister}}

[[Category:Prime ministers of Egypt]]