View source for Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza

{{Short description|Claimant to the throne of Portugal (1853–1927)}}
{{Distinguish|Prince Miguel, Duke of Viseu}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Miguel Januário de Bragança
|image= Miguel, Duke of Braganza.jpg
|title= [[Duke of Braganza]] ([[miguelist]])
| full name   =Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança
|birth_date   = {{birth date|1853|9|19|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Kleinheubach]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]], [[German Confederation]]
|death_date   = {{death date and age|1927|10|11|1853|9|19|df=y}}
|death_place  = [[Seebenstein]], [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]]
| succession   = [[Miguelist|Miguelist pretender to the Portuguese throne]]
| reign        = 14 November 1866 – 31 July 1920
| reign-type   = Tenure
| predecessor  = ''[[Miguel I of Portugal|Miguel I]]''
| successor    = ''[[Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza|Duarte II]]''
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis (1860–1881)|Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis]]|17 October 1877|7 February 1881|end=died}}
* {{marriage|[[Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]|8 November 1893}}
}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
* [[Prince Miguel, Duke of Viseu]]
* [[Prince Francis Joseph of Braganza|Prince Francisco José]]
* [[Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza|Maria Teresa, Princess Karl Ludwig of Thurn and Taxis]]
* [[Princess Isabel Maria of Braganza|Isabel Maria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis]]
* Princess Maria Benedita
* Princess Mafalda
* [[Princess Maria Ana of Braganza|Maria Ana, Princess Karl August of Thurn and Taxis]]
* [[Princess Maria Antónia of Bragança|Princess Maria Antónia of Braganza, Mrs. Chanler]]
* Princess Filipa Maria
* [[Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza|Prince Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza]]
* [[Maria Adelaide de Bragança|Princess Maria Adelaide, Mrs. van Uden]]
}}
|house        = [[House of Braganza|Braganza]]
|father       = [[Miguel I of Portugal]]
|mother       = [[Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]
|religion     = [[Catholic]]
|signature    = Assinatura Miguel II de Bragança.svg
}}
'''Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza''' (19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the [[Miguelist]] claimant to the throne of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] from 1866 to 1920. He used the title '''[[Duke of Braganza]]'''.

==Early life==
[[File:Miguel with his wife Elisabeth.jpg|thumb|upright|260px|Miguel Januário with his first wife [[Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis (1860–1881)|Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis]], late 1870s]]
Miguel Januário was born in Castle [[Kleinheubach]], near [[Miltenberg]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], on 19 September 1853 during the exile in [[Germany]] of his father, former [[Miguel I of Portugal|King Miguel I of Portugal and the Algarves]]. His mother was [[Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]. He was a grandson of [[John VI of Portugal|King John VI of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]] and his wife, [[Carlota Joaquina of Spain|Queen Carlota Joaquina]].<ref name="Jenks1911"/>

By the Portuguese law of banishment of 1834 and the constitution of 1838, King Miguel was forbidden to enter [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]. Therefore, he was educated in the [[German Confederation]] and in [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref name="Jenks1911">{{cite book |last1=Jenks |first1=George C. |title=The Bookman {{!}} Monarchs in Exile |date=1911 |publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company |page=273 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2gyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA273 |access-date=1 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
He was a member of the staff of [[Emperor of Austria|Emperor]] [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] and took part in the [[Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878]]. {{Citation needed span|It is said that the Emperor liked Miguel Januário immensely and granted him the privilege of extraterritoriality that allowed him to remain Portuguese, despite the rejection of Portugal.|date=December 2022}} His second son, Prince Francisco José of Braganza, was named after the Austrian Emperor, who was his godfather.<ref name="Hastings2018"/>

Miguel Januário held the rank of a colonel in the 7th Austrian Regiment of Hussars. During [[World War I]], he held the rank of Lieutenant General ([[Lieutenant field marshal|Feldmarschalleutnant]]) in the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]]. He resigned in 1917 when [[First Portuguese Republic|Portugal]] entered the conflict on the opposite side, and spent the rest of the war as a civilian in the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Malta]]. After the end of [[Austria-Hungary]], Miguel Januário and his family were thrown into relative poverty.<ref name="Hastings2018">{{cite book |last1=Hastings |first1=Derek |title=Nationalism in Modern Europe: Politics, Identity, and Belonging since the French Revolution |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781474213417 |page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9FADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA164 |access-date=1 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

On 31 July 1920, after quarrels with his eldest son (who contracted a controversial marriage to [[Anita de Braganza|an American heiress]]), Miguel Januário renounced his claims as [[King of Portugal]] in favour of his third son, [[Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza|Duarte Nuno]], who was 13 years old at the time.<ref name="Almanac1902">{{cite book |title=The American Almanac, Year-book, Cyclopedia and Atlas |date=1902 |publisher=New York American and journal |page=412 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unNKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA412 |access-date=1 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Marriages and children==
Miguel Januário was first married to [[Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis (1860–1881)|Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis]] (May 28, 1860 – February 7, 1881), the niece of [[Elisabeth of Bavaria|Empress Elisabeth of Austria]], on 17 October 1877 in [[Regensburg]]. They had three children:

* Dom [[Prince Miguel, Duke of Viseu|Miguel, Duke of Viseu]] (1878–1923), married [[Anita of Braganza|Anita Stewart]] and had issue.<ref name="1909Wedding">{{cite news|title=MISS STEWART WEDS; HOLDS TO HER FAITH; Becomes Bride of Prince Miguel, but Has Not Entered the Catholic Church. PRINCE RETAINS RIGHTS Has Not Yielded His Place in Line of Succession to the Throne -- Royalty at the Wedding.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1909/09/16/archives/miss-stewart-weds-holds-to-her-faih-becomes-bride-of-prince-miguel.html|access-date=27 September 2017|work=The New York Times|date=16 September 1909}}</ref>
* Dom [[Prince Francis Joseph of Braganza|Francisco José de Bragança]] (1879–1919), died unmarried and without issue.<ref>''The Times'' ( 19 June 1919), p. 11.</ref>
* Dona [[Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza|Maria Teresa de Bragança]] (1881–1945), married Prince Karl Ludwig of [[House of Thurn und Taxis|Thurn und Taxis]] and had issue.<ref name="Harrison1914">{{cite book |last1=Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de La Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny Ruvigny and Raineval (9th marquis of) |title=The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe |date=1914 |publisher=Harrison & Sons |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUm1lS2j-wQC&pg=PA50 |access-date=1 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

After the death of his first wife, he married for a second time to his first cousin [[Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]] (1870–1935), on 8 November 1893 at [[Kleinheubach]]. They had eight children:

* Dona [[Princess Isabel Maria of Braganza|Isabel Maria de Bragança]] (1894–1970), married [[Franz Joseph, 9th Prince of Thurn and Taxis]] and had issue.<ref name="Longo2007">{{cite book |last1=Longo |first1=James McMurtry |title=Isabel Orleans-Bragança: The Brazilian Princess Who Freed the Slaves |date=2007 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9780786432011 |page=287 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b69RMdBjm1MC&pg=PA287 |access-date=1 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* Dona Maria Benedita de Bragança (1896–1971), died unmarried and without issue.
* Dona Mafalda de Bragança (1898–1918), died unmarried and without issue. 
* Dona [[Princess Maria Ana of Braganza|Maria Ana de Bragança]] (1899–1971), married the future [[Karl August, 10th Prince of Thurn and Taxis]] and had issue.<ref name="Europa1990">{{cite book |last1=Limited |first1=Europa Publications |title=The International Who's who: 1990-91 |date=1990 |publisher=Europa Publications Limited |isbn=9780946653584 |page=1585 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ptZwCVvIJxkC |access-date=1 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* Dona [[Princess Maria Antónia of Bragança|Maria Antónia de Bragança]] (1903–1973), married Sidney Ashley Chanler (son of [[William A. Chanler|William Astor Chanler]]) and had issue.<ref name="1934Wedding">{{cite news |title=MARIA DE BRAGANCA MARRIED IN AUSTRIA; Princess Becomes the Bride of Ashley Chanler, a Son of Late Explorer and Represengatlve. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/06/15/110041615.pdf |access-date=1 March 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 15, 1934 |language=en}}</ref>
* Dona Filipa Maria de Bragança (1905–1990), died unmarried and without issue.
* Dom [[Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza]] (1907–1976), married Princess [[Maria Francisca de Orléans e Bragança]] and had issue.<ref name="DukeObit1976">{{cite news |title=Duke of Braganza, Claimant to Throne, Is Dead in Portugal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/25/archives/duke-of-braganza-claimant-to-throne-is-dead-in-portugal.html |access-date=1 March 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 December 1976}}</ref>
* Dona [[Maria Adelaide de Bragança]] (1912–2012), married Nicolaas [[Uden (surname)|van Uden]] and had issue.

Miguel Januário died in [[Seebenstein]], on October 11, 1927.  He is buried at Kloster Maria Himmelfahrt in Bronnbach.

==Honours==
* {{flag|Kingdom of Portugal}}: [[Grand Master (order)|Grand Master]] of the [[Order of Saint Michael of the Wing|Order of St. Michael of the Wing]]
* {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}: [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''1881''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antiquesatoz.com/sgfleece/knights5.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807064405/http://www.antiquesatoz.com/sgfleece/knights5.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2018 |title=Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece |last= Boettger|first=T. F.|website=La Confrérie Amicale|access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1900''<ref>{{citation |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00landgoog/page/n39|chapter=Königliche Orden|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern |date=1908|location=Munich|access-date=3 December 2019|page=9|language=de}}</ref>

==In film==
In the 1968 film ''[[Mayerling (1968 film)|Mayerling]]'', "Michel de Bragance" is a small character played by [[Jean-Claude Bercq]].

==See also==
*[[Descendants of Miguel I of Portugal]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Miguel Januário, Duke of Braganza'''
|2= 2. [[Miguel I of Portugal]]
|3= 3. [[Adelaide of Löwenstein|Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]
|4= 4. [[John VI of Portugal|John VI of Portugal and Brazil]]
|5= 5. [[Carlota Joaquina of Spain|Infanta Carlota Joaquina of Spain]]
|6= 6. [[Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]
|7= 7. [[Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]
|8= 8. [[Peter III of Portugal]]
|9= 9. [[Maria I of Portugal|Maria I of Portugal and Brazil]]
|10= 10. [[Charles IV of Spain]]
|11= 11. [[Maria Luisa of Parma|Princess Maria Luisa of Parma]]
|12= 12. [[Charles Thomas, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]
|13= 13. Countess Sophie of Windisch-Graetz
|14= 14. [[Karl Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]
|15= 15. [[Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth]]
}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028123038/http://www.geocities.com/henrivanoene/royalportugal.html |date=October 28, 2009 |title=The Royal Family of Portugal – House Bragança }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Braganza]]|19 September|1853|11 October|1927|[[House of Aviz]]}}
{{s-reg|pt}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Miguel I of Portugal|Miguel]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Braganza]]<br>[[Miguelist]] line|years=14 November 1866  – 31 July 1920}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza|Duarte Nuno]]}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Miguel I of Portugal|Miguel I]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[King of Portugal]]<br>[[Miguelist]] line|years=14 November 1866 – 31 July 1920}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza|Duarte II]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Portuguese Pretenders}}
{{Dukes of Braganza}}
{{Portuguese infantes}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miguel Of Braganza, Duke}}
[[Category:Portuguese royalty]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria]]
[[Category:Dukes of Braganza]]
[[Category:House of Braganza]]
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:Pretenders to the Portuguese throne]]
[[Category:People from Kleinheubach]]
[[Category:19th-century Portuguese people]]
[[Category:Child pretenders]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]