View source for Puno

{{Short description|City in south-eastern Peru}}
{{about|the city}}
{{distinguish|Pune|Puna (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = 
| official_name                   = Puno
| other_name                      = San Carlos de Puno
| native_name                     = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| nickname                        = Ciudad del Lago <br /> (City of the lake){{force singular}}
| motto                           = 
| image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Vista de Puno y el Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 63.JPG
| photo2a = Historico Barco Yavari de Puno.jpg
| photo2b = Lago Titicaca, Puno 02.jpg
| photo3a = Jezero Titicaca - plovoucí ostrovy Uros - panoramio (1).jpg
| photo3b = Puno - katedrála - panoramio.jpg
| border  = 0
| color   = white
| spacing = 2
| size = 270| position = center
}}
| image_caption                   = Puno and the Titicaca, Historical ship Yavari, Titicaca lake, Floating islands of Uros and Puno Cathedral
| image_flag                      = Flag of Puno.svg
| flag_size                       = 125px
| image_seal                      = Escudo_de_Puno.png
| seal_size                       = 75px
| image_shield                    = 
| shield_size                     = 
| image_blank_emblem              = 
| blank_emblem_size               = 
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 250px
| map_caption                     = Location in [[Peru]]
| pushpin_map                     = Peru
| pushpin_label_position          = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| coordinates                     = {{Coord|15|50|36|S|70|01|25|W|region:PE_type:city(100000)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[Peru]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Regions of Peru|Region]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Puno Region|Puno]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Puno Province|Puno]]
| subdivision_type3               = Founded
| subdivision_name3               = November 4, 1668
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name4               = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = Mayor
| leader_name1                    = Javier Ponce Roque <br /><small>(2023-2026)</small>
| leader_title2                   = 
| leader_name2                    = 
| established_title               = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date                = 
| established_title2              = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2               = 
| established_title3              = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3               = 
| area_magnitude                  = 
| unit_pref                       = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 20.28 
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| population_as_of                = 2017
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_note                 = 
| settlement_type                 = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
| pop_est_as_of                   = 2015
| pop_est_footnotes               = <ref>{{cite report |url=http://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/web/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib1020/cuadros/c0206.xls |title=Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015 |work=Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012-2015 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |date=March 2012 |access-date=4 June 2015}}</ref>
| population_est                  = 140839
| population_total                = 128637 
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_metro_km2    = 
| population_urban                = 
| population_density_urban_km2    = 
| timezone                        = [[UTC-5]]
| utc_offset                      = 
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| elevation_footnotes             = <!--for references: use<ref> tags-->
| elevation_m                     = 3830
| elevation_ft                    = 12556
| postal_code_type                = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code                       = 51
| website                         = [https://portal.munipuno.gob.pe]
| footnotes                       = 
}}
'''Puno''' ([[Aymara language|Aymara]] and {{langx|qu|Punu}}) is a city in southeastern [[Peru]], located on the shore of [[Lake Titicaca]]. It is the capital city of the [[Puno Region]] and the [[Puno Province]] with a population around 140,839 (2015 estimate). The city was established in 1668 by viceroy [[Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro]] as capital of the province of Paucarcolla with the name San Juan Bautista de Puno. The name was later changed to San Carlos de Puno, in honor of king [[Charles II of Spain]]. Puno has several churches dating back from the colonial period; they were built to service the Spanish population and evangelize the [[Quechua people]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=En el siglo XVI evangelizaron a puneños con catecismo en quechua |url=https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/2021/09/20/en-el-siglo-xvi-evangelizaron-a-punenos-con-catecismo-en-quechua-lrsd |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=larepublica.pe}}</ref>

== Overview ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2011}}
Puno is an important agricultural and livestock region; important livestock are [[llama]]s and [[alpaca]]s, which graze on its immense [[plateau]]s and [[plain]]s. Much of the city economy relies on the black market, fueled by cheap goods smuggled in from [[Bolivia]]. Puno is served by the [[Inca Manco Capac International Airport]] in nearby [[Juliaca]].
[[Image:02. Islas flotantes de Uros (101).JPG|thumb|200px|left|[[Floating islands]]]]

Puno is situated between the shores of Lake Titicaca and the mountains surrounding the city. Less than two miles of flat land lie between the shores and the foothills, which has caused the growing city to continue to expand upwards onto the hillsides. As a result, the town's less developed and poorest areas, which are high on the hillsides, often have very steep streets, which are generally unpaved and cannot be accessed by automobile. Up one of these streets is the Kuntur Wasi viewpoint, which has a large metal sculpture of a [[condor]]. Some 700 steps must be climbed to reach the sculpture.

<!-- not sure what this incomplete sentence means During the celebrations of the Feast of the ''Virgen de la Candelaria'' and the Regional Competition of Autochthonous Dances. -->Puno's access to Lake Titicaca is surrounded by 41 [[floating islands]]. To this day, the [[Uros]] people maintain and live on these man-made islands, depending on the lake for their survival, and are a large tourist destination. [[Dragon boat]] racing, an old tradition in Puno, is a very popular activity among tourists.

Puno is the first major hub in the constant migration of indigenous peoples of the Andes to the larger cities of Peru. It is the largest city in the southern Altiplano and is the recipient of new residents from surrounding smaller agricultural communities of people seeking better opportunities for education and employment. As such, Puno is served by several small institutes of technology, education, and other technical or junior college-type facilities. Additionally, it is home to the [[Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno]] (UNAP), which was founded in 1856.

==Climate==
Puno features a [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfc, Cwc)|subtropical highland climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cwb'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cwlk'').

As Puno is located at such a high elevation, it experiences more [[extreme weather]] conditions than would be expected for its tropical latitude. The average annual temperature is about {{cvt|8.4|°C}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puno climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Puno weather averages - Climate-Data.org |url=https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/peru/puno/puno-1013/ |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref> and the weather never gets overly warm. During the winter from June to August, night-time temperatures usually drop below {{cvt|0|°C}}. At this high altitude, the rays of the sun are very strong. Most of the annual precipitation falls during the Southern Hemisphere summer, with the winters being very dry.
[[File:Puno banner.jpg|left|thumb|750x750px|Lake Titicaca]]

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y Puno
|location = Puno, elevation {{convert|3825|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 16.0
|Feb high C = 15.7
|Mar high C = 15.6
|Apr high C = 15.7
|May high C = 15.5
|Jun high C = 14.8
|Jul high C = 14.9
|Aug high C = 15.7
|Sep high C = 16.6
|Oct high C = 17.2
|Nov high C = 17.7
|Dec high C = 17.2
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 11.0
|Feb mean C = 10.8
|Mar mean C = 10.6
|Apr mean C = 9.9
|May mean C = 8.4
|Jun mean C = 7.2
|Jul mean C = 7.1
|Aug mean C = 8.1
|Sep mean C = 9.5
|Oct mean C = 10.0
|Nov mean C = 11.2
|Dec mean C = 11.4
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 5.9
|Feb low C = 5.9
|Mar low C = 5.5
|Apr low C = 4.0
|May low C = 1.2
|Jun low C = -0.5
|Jul low C = -0.8
|Aug low C = 0.4
|Sep low C = 2.3
|Oct low C = 3.8
|Nov low C = 4.7
|Dec low C = 5.6
|year low C =  
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 158.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 144.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 116.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 50.8
|May precipitation mm = 7.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 3.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 3.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 9.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 23.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 44.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 40.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 87.6
|year precipitation mm = 
|source 1 = National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru<ref name = SENAMHI>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230821192714/https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=normales-estaciones
| archive-date = 21 August 2023
| url = https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=normales-estaciones
| title = Normales Climáticas Estándares y Medias 1991-2020
| publisher=National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru
| access-date = 25 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Folklore ==
[[File:Trajesdeluces207.jpg|thumb|left|150px|''Diablada puneña'' during the ''Festival de la Candelaria'' in Peru]]
Music and dance are typical parts of the Puno folklore. The most important dances are the ''Wifala de Asillo'', the Ichu Carnival, the ''Tuntuna'', the ''Khashua de Capachica'', the ''Machu-tusuj'', the ''Kcajelo'', and the ''Pandilla Puneña''.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Puno-PERU.jpg|Plaza de Armas.
File:Lago Titicaca, Puno, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 13.JPG|[[Lake Titicaca]] as seen from the shore
File:Amanecer en el lago Titicaca, Puno, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 02.JPG|Sunrise in the Titicaca
File:Puno cityscape.jpg|Puno and Titicaca.
File:Palacio de Justicia, Plaza Republicana, Puno, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 52.JPG|Justice Palace
File:Vista de Puno y el Titicaca, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 61.JPG|View of Puno from the north
File:Vista de Puno, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 10.JPG|View of Puno from Titicaca
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Esteves (island)]]
* [[PeruRail]]
* [[Train ferry#Peru|Lake Titicaca rail ferry]]

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
* [http://www.discover-peru.org/puno/ Puno on DiscoverPeru]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120614075619/http://www.travelpuno.com/en/tourism/ Travel Information about Puno]

{{Large cities of Peru}}
{{Regional capitals of Peru}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Puno| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Department of Puno]]
[[Category:Cities in Peru]]
[[Category:Populated places on Lake Titicaca]]
[[Category:Populated lakeshore places in Peru]]
[[Category:Regional capital cities in Peru]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Altiplano]]