View source for Qingzhou

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{{More citations needed|date=July 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
| name                   = Qingzhou
| official_name          = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name            = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|青州市}}}}
| other_name             = Tsingchow
| settlement_type        = [[County-level city]]
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline          =  {{multiple image
|border                         =  infobox
|total_width                    =  290
|image_style                    =  border:1;
|perrow                         =  2/2/2/3
|image1                         =  20211114 青州三官庙.jpg
|caption1=Sanguan [[Taoist temple|Temple]]
|image2                         =  20211114 青州古城景区 43.jpg
|caption2=Old City Wall
|image3                         =  20211114 青州 偶园 01.jpg
|caption3=[[Ou Garden]]
|image4                         =  The Third Grotto - Toushan Grottoes.jpg
|caption4=[[Tuoshan |Toushan Grottoes]]
|image5                         =  青州貢院原址.jpg
|caption5= Old [[Qing Prefecture (Shandong)|Qingzhou]] [[Confucius temple|Confucius Temple]]
|image6                         =  青州博物馆.JPG
|caption6=Qingzhou Museum of Art
}}
| image_caption          = 
| image_flag             = 
| image_seal             = 
| image_shield           = 
| image_map              = ChinaWeifangQingzhou.png
| map_caption            = Qingzhou in Weifang
| pushpin_map            = China Shandong
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location of the city center in Shandong
<!-- Location ------------------>
| coordinates            = {{coord|36.6853|N|118.4796|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-37_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Province (China)|Province]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Shandong]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Weifang]]
| established_title      = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date       = 
| seat_type              = Municipal seat
| leader_title           = 
| leader_name            = 
| area_total_km2         = 1569<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2          = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2         =
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes    = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref>  tags-->
| elevation_m            = 
| elevation_max_m        = 
| elevation_min_m        =
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_footnotes   = 
| population_total       = 963600
| population_as_of       = 2017
| population_density_km2 = <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
<!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone               = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset             = +8
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type       = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code            = 262500
| area_code              = 
| website                = 
}}
'''Qingzhou''' ({{zh|s=青州|p=Qīngzhōu|t=青州}}) Wade–Giles: Tsing-chou, sometimes written as Ching-chow-fu, formerly '''Yidu County''' (Yitu, {{zh|labels=no |s=益都县}}), is a [[county-level city]], which is located in the west of the [[prefecture-level city]] of [[Weifang]], in the central part of [[Shandong]] Province, China. Qingzhou is a dynamic industry city, and also grows a great number of farm products. The local government holds an open policy of introduction of foreign capital, and has established strong business relationships with more than fifty countries and regions.

Qingzhou's historical heritages were highly praised and celebrated. In 2008, the [[Qingzhou Museum]] was recognized by the [[State Administration of Cultural Heritage]] as one of the first branch of [[National first-grade museums of China|national first-class museums]], making it the only county-level city to possess such a museum. In 2009, Qingzhou’s Zhaode Ancient Street (昭德古街) was included in the first list of "China’s Historic and Cultural Streets". On November 18, 2013, the [[State Council of China|State Council]] officially designated Qingzhou as a [[National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]. In 2017, the Ancient City of Qingzhou was rated as a national [[AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China|5A-level tourist attraction]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=国家旅游局公示新一批5A景区 20家景区上榜（高清组图）【12】--旅游--人民网|url=http://travel.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0217/c41570-29088611-12.html|access-date=2021-07-13|work=人民网|archive-date=2021-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713070506/http://travel.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0217/c41570-29088611-12.html}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=非遗常驻青州古城 活态传承演绎文风习习(组图)-中新网|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2020/08-18/9267778.shtml|access-date=2021-07-13|work=中国新闻网|archive-date=2021-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716095749/http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2020/08-18/9267778.shtml}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=游客人身财产安全事件频发 丽江古城被严重警告-中新网|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2017/02-26/8159675.shtml|access-date=2021-07-13|work=中国新闻网|archive-date=2021-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716100247/http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2017/02-26/8159675.shtml}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=国家旅游局公示　20家景区即将挂牌5A_科教_央视网(cctv.com)|url=http://kejiao.cctv.com/2017/02/17/ARTInDblKtEo4qQO1Sw9eAf3170217.shtml|access-date=2021-07-13|work=CCTV|archive-date=2021-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717022345/http://kejiao.cctv.com/2017/02/17/ARTInDblKtEo4qQO1Sw9eAf3170217.shtml}}
</ref>

==History==
===Pre Qin era===
{{Quote box
| quote = 海岱惟青州<br>Between the [[Yellow Sea|Sea]] and [[Mount Tai]] there exists Qingzhou
| author = ''[[Book of Documents]]'', ''[[Yu Gong]]''
| source = 
}}
{{See also|Qingzhou (ancient China)}}
[[File:Shang Bronze Yue Axe (10127449784).jpg|thumb|''Yachou'' bronze axe, discovered in Qingzhou in 1965, was forged by a tribe of [[Dongyi people]], its exquisite workmanship and valuable inscripts made it China's first-class national artifact and now preserved in [[China National Museum]]]]
In antiquity, the region of Qingzhou is said to have been occupied by the polities of the Shuangjiu clan (爽鸠), Jize clan (季則), Zhen’e clan (斟鄂), Zhenguan clan (斟灌), Pangbo clan (逄伯), Bogu clan (薄姑), and [[Ju (state)|Ju]] (莒).

Qingzhou is named after one of the [[Nine Provinces (China)|nine provinces]] that  appear in the ''[[Yu Gong]]'' geography chapter of the classic ''[[Book of Documents]]''  composed during the [[Warring States period]] of Chinese history (403 BC-221 BC). The history of this centuries old city dates back to ancient times twenty two centuries ago when it was part of the [[Dongyi]] area.

During the [[Spring and Autumn period|Spring and Autumn]] and Warring States periods, Qingzhou belonged to the state of Qi. (According to "The Hereditary House of the Grand Duke of Qi" in ''[[Shiji]]'', Qi’s domain extended east to the sea, west to the [[Yellow River|river]], south to [[Linqu County|Muling]] and north to [[Yanshan County, Hebei|Wudi]]. The Qi capital was first at Yingqiu and later moved to Linzi, which was close to Qingzhou.

===Imperial era===
In 204 BCE during the [[Western Han Dynasty]], the county seat of Guang County was established in what is now the southwest of urban Qingzhou. In 106 BCE, the Qingzhou Inspectorate (青州刺史部) was set up, headquartered at [[Linzi, Zibo|Linzi]].

In 311 during the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Western Jin]], [[Cao Yi]] abandoned Guang County and built Guanggu, which then served as the seat of the Qingzhou Inspector. In 399, [[Murong De]] captured Guanggu and made it the capital of the state of [[Southern Yan]]—the only location in Shandong to have served as a dynastic capital. Later [[Emperor wu of liu song|Liu Yu]] destroyed Southern Yan, razed Guanggu, constructed Dongyang City, and established the office of the Inspector of Northern Qingzhou there.

In 412, the Chinese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] pilgrim [[Faxian]] landed on the south of [[Shandong peninsula]] at [[Laoshan District|Laoshan]], and proceeded to Qingzhou to translate and edit the scriptures he had collected in [[India]].

In 517, the southern outer wall of Dongyang City was expanded, forming Nanyang City. In 557, during the [[Northern Qi]]  era, the seat of Yidu County was moved to Dongyang City, and the Qingzhou prefectural seat was relocated to Nanyang City.

Under the [[Sui dynasty]], it served as the headquarters of the Qingzhou General Governor’s Office, later changed to the seat of Beihai Commandery. In the early [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] it again served as the Qingzhou General Governor’s Office, and was later changed back to the seat of Beihai Commandery.
[[File:亜細亜大観 06 030 "駝山の絕頂 （靑州）".jpg|thumb|Mt. Tuo in the 1920s]]
Under the [[Song dynasty]] it was the administrative seat of the [[Jingdong Eastern Circuit]]; under the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]] it was the Yidu General Administration Office of the Shandong Eastern Circuit; under the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] it was the seat of the Pacification Commission for the Eastern and Western Routes of Shandong.

During the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] periods, it was the seat of [[Qingzhou Prefecture]]. From 1368 to 1377, it was the capital of [[Shandong Province]], before it was moved to [[Jinan]].
===Modern era===
In the [[Republic of China]] era it belonged to Yidu County. After the founding of the [[People's Republic of China]], it came under [[Changwei District]] (today’s [[Weifang]]).

In 1996, the County was abolished, replaced with the Qingzhou City. In the same year the discovery of over 200 buried [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] statues at Qingzhou was hailed as a major [[archaeology|archaeological]] was found. The statues included early examples of painted figures, and are thought to have been buried due to [[Emperor Huizong of Song China|Emperor Huizong]]'s [[Song Dynasty (960-1279)|Song Dynasty]] repression of Buddhism (he favoured [[Taoism]]).<ref>[http://static.royalacademy.org.uk/files/buddha-student-guide-18-18.pdf Royal Academy of Arts exhibition brochure: "Return of the Buddha. The Qingzhou discoveries"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010140738/http://static.royalacademy.org.uk/files/buddha-student-guide-18-18.pdf |date=October 10, 2008 }}</ref>

==Administrative divisions==
{{As of|2012}}, this city is divided to 3 subdistricts and 9 towns.<ref>{{cite web
  |url = http://www.xzqh.org/html/list/182.html
  |script-title=zh:潍坊市-行政区划网 
  |publisher = XZQH
  |language = zh
  |access-date = 2012-05-24}}</ref>
;Subdistricts
*Wangfu Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|王府街道}})
*Yidu Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|益都街道}})
*Yunmenshan Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|云门山街道}})

;Towns
{|
|valign="top"|
*Mihe ({{lang|zh-hans|弥河镇}})
*Wangfen ({{lang|zh-hans|王坟镇}})
*Miaozi ({{lang|zh-hans|庙子镇}})
*Shaozhuang ({{lang|zh-hans|邵庄镇}})
*Gaoliu ({{lang|zh-hans|高柳镇}})
|valign="top"|
*Heguan ({{lang|zh-hans|何官镇}})
*Dongxia ({{lang|zh-hans|东夏镇}})
*Tanfang ({{lang|zh-hans|谭坊镇}})
*Huanglou ({{lang|zh-hans|黄楼镇}})
|}

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Qingzhou, elevation {{convert|103|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 	3.8
|Feb high C = 	7.2
|Mar high C = 	15.0
|Apr high C = 	21.3
|May high C = 	27.6
|Jun high C = 	30.8
|Jul high C = 	32.2
|Aug high C = 	30.7
|Sep high C = 	27.0
|Oct high C = 	20.9
|Nov high C = 	13.1
|Dec high C = 	5.7
|Jan mean C = 	-1.9
|Feb mean C = 	1.2
|Mar mean C = 	8.3
|Apr mean C = 	14.8
|May mean C = 	21.3
|Jun mean C = 	25.0
|Jul mean C = 	27.0
|Aug mean C = 	25.7
|Sep mean C = 	21.1
|Oct mean C = 	14.2
|Nov mean C = 	7.1
|Dec mean C = 	0.0
|Jan low C = 	-6.1
|Feb low C = 	-3.5
|Mar low C = 	2.3
|Apr low C = 	8.4
|May low C = 	14.8
|Jun low C = 	19.4
|Jul low C = 	22.6
|Aug low C = 	21.8
|Sep low C = 	16.3
|Oct low C = 	8.9
|Nov low C = 	2.3
|Dec low C = 	-4.2
|Jan record high C = 20.0 |Jan record low C = -15.3
|Feb record high C = 26.1 |Feb record low C = -13.2
|Mar record high C = 32.4 |Mar record low C = -7.6
|Apr record high C = 35.9 |Apr record low C = -2.3
|May record high C = 38.4 |May record low C = 3.0
|Jun record high C = 41.9 |Jun record low C = 9.5
|Jul record high C = 39.6 |Jul record low C = 13.8
|Aug record high C = 37.9 |Aug record low C = 14.0
|Sep record high C = 39.0 |Sep record low C = 6.5
|Oct record high C = 35.4 |Oct record low C = -1.1
|Nov record high C = 27.4 |Nov record low C = -11.7
|Dec record high C = 23.1 |Dec record low C = -17.3
|year high C =  |year low C = 
|year high F =  |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	8.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 	15.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 	14.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 	31.2
|May precipitation mm = 	55.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 	76.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 	137.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 	198.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 	57.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 	32.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 	32.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 	12.0
|Jan humidity = 	57
|Feb humidity = 	54
|Mar humidity = 	48
|Apr humidity = 	49
|May humidity = 	55
|Jun humidity = 	60
|Jul humidity = 	74
|Aug humidity = 	78
|Sep humidity = 	71
|Oct humidity = 	65
|Nov humidity = 	63
|Dec humidity = 	58
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	3.0
|Feb precipitation days = 	3.5
|Mar precipitation days = 	4.0
|Apr precipitation days = 	5.6
|May precipitation days = 	7.0
|Jun precipitation days = 	8.3
|Jul precipitation days = 	12.1
|Aug precipitation days = 	11.7
|Sep precipitation days = 	6.9
|Oct precipitation days = 	5.6
|Nov precipitation days = 	4.9
|Dec precipitation days = 	4.1
|year precipitation days = 	
|Jan sun = 	170.2
|Feb sun = 	171.6
|Mar sun = 	220.0
|Apr sun = 	240.2
|May sun = 	266.6
|Jun sun = 	240.0
|Jul sun = 	208.5
|Aug sun = 	199.8
|Sep sun = 	203.5
|Oct sun = 	200.6
|Nov sun = 	171.1
|Dec sun = 	170.6
|year sun = 	
| Jan percentsun = 	55
| Feb percentsun = 	56
| Mar percentsun = 	59
| Apr percentsun = 	61
| May percentsun = 	61
| Jun percentsun = 	55
| Jul percentsun = 	47
| Aug percentsun = 	48
| Sep percentsun = 	55
| Oct percentsun = 	58
| Nov percentsun = 	56
| Dec percentsun = 	57
| year percentsun =	
|Jan snow days = 	4.6
|Feb snow days = 	3.8
|Mar snow days = 	1.7
|Apr snow days = 	0.2
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0
|Nov snow days = 	1.1
|Dec snow days = 	2.9
|year snow days = 	
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =12 August 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Tourism ==
'''Attractions'''
[[File:Qingzhou museum 2007 04 21.jpg|thumb|Qingzhou Museum (now Qingzhou Museum of Art) in 2007]]
*[[Fan Gongting]] an ancient pavilion built in Song Dynasty. It was a private garden of Fan Zhongyan who was the most notable poet and prosaist in an age of lively literature prosperous.
*A Muslim district, including at least two large and historic [[mosques]]. The oldest one is the [[Zhenjiao Mosque]] ({{zh|c={{linktext|真|教|寺}}|p=Zhēnjiào Sì}}). It dates back to 1302 and is one of the three most well-known mosques of the [[Yuan dynasty]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Steinhardt|first=Nancy Shatzman|title=China's Early Mosques|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4744-3721-9|location=Edinburgh|pages=163}}</ref>
*Ou Yuan, a Ming Dynasty garden. It turned to be a combination of park and zoo, and is used as a performance area for citizens in the dawn and nightfall.
*[[Qingzhou Museum]], featuring some of the Buddhist statues unearthed in 1996–7
*[[Tuoshan]] ("Camel Mountain") and Yunmenshan ("Cloud Gate Mountain") a pair of mountains which include an ancient collection of Buddhist grottoes under national protection. The mountains are located approximately {{convert|4|km}} southwest of the city center, with a single gondola servicing both. (the coordinates of the peak are {{coord|36|38|54.9|N|118|27|27.5|E}}).
*[[Yang Tian]], a natural park with marvelous surface features. It is covered by virgin forest, through which crystal rivers are flowing, and dotted with quantities of natural rock cavities. What makes this park more amazing is the so-called thousand Buddha's cave, which is considered as the first cave for the Buddhas. This is because of the huge volume of the cavern and the 1048 Buddhas in it that are in different postures and look extraordinarily vivid.

==References==
{{Wikivoyage|Qingzhou}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Reflist}}
{{National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in Shandong}}
{{County-level divisions of Shandong}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Qingzhou| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Shandong]]
[[Category:Weifang]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Shandong]]
[[Category:National Civilized City]]
[[Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]