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{{Short description|Italian art and culture of 1400–1499}}
{{Art of Italy}}

The cultural and artistic events of [[Italy]] during the period 1400 to 1499 are collectively referred to as the  '''Quattrocento''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|k|w|æ|t|r|oʊ|ˈ|tʃ|ɛ|n|t|oʊ|,_|-|t|r|ə|ˈ|-}} {{respell|KWAT|roh|CHEN|toh|,_-|trə|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|k|w|ɒ|t|r|oʊ|ˈ|-}} {{respell|KWOT|roh|-}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/quattrocento|title=Quattrocento|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190601164133/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/quattrocento "quattrocento"] (US) and {{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/quattrocento |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184303/https://www.lexico.com/definition/quattrocento |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=quattrocento |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|quattrocento|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|quattrocento|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|it|ˌkwattroˈtʃɛnto|lang}}), from the Italian word for the number '400', in turn from {{lang|it|millequattrocento}}, '1400'. The Quattrocento encompasses the artistic styles of the late [[Middle Ages]] (most notably [[International Gothic art in Italy|International Gothic]]), the early [[Renaissance]] (beginning around 1425), and the start of the [[High Renaissance]], generally asserted to begin between 1495 and 1500.

==Historical context==
After the decline of the [[Western Roman Empire]] in 476, economic disorder and disruption of trade spread across Europe.  This was the beginning of the [[Early Middle Ages]], which lasted roughly until the 14th century, when trade increased, population began to expand and the people regained their authority.

In the late Middle Ages, the political structure of the European continent slowly coalesced from small, turbulent [[fiefdom]]s into larger, more stable [[nation state]]s ruled by [[monarchy|monarchies]]. In Italy, urban centers arose, populated by merchant and trade classes able to defend themselves. [[Money]] replaced land as the primary measure of wealth, and increasing numbers of [[serf]]s became freedmen. The changes in [[Medieval Italy]] and the decline of [[feudalism]] paved the way for social, cultural, and economic changes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/dfa8b990-b9f3-748b-e053-3a05fe0a3a96/phd_unimi_R08613|title=VASSALLI, FAMIGLIE E POTERI A PARMA E NEL TERRITORIO (SECOLI X-XII)|access-date=30 December 2023|language=it|page=5|archive-date=30 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230153556/https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/dfa8b990-b9f3-748b-e053-3a05fe0a3a96/phd_unimi_R08613|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Quattrocento is viewed as the transition from the Medieval period to the age of the [[Italian Renaissance]], principally in the cities of [[Rome]], [[Florence]], [[Milan]], [[Venice]], [[Naples]]. The period saw the [[fall of Constantinople]] to the [[Ottoman Empire]], and it has been compared with the [[Timurid Renaissance]] which unfolded at the same time in Central Asia.<ref name="A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fx0Dlwb18WYC&q=Timurid+renaissance&pg=PA59 |title=A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance, Guido Ruggiero |isbn=9780470751619 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108052706/https://books.google.com/books?id=fx0Dlwb18WYC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=Timurid+renaissance&source=bl&ots=oRBca6Ril-&sig=91TIV5mBBnYFwGah_7x6b0NP-jA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijusmUk5fQAhVHKsAKHeqdDn8Q6AEITTAI#v=onepage&q=Timurid%20renaissance&f=false |archive-date=8 November 2016 |last1=Ruggiero |first1=Guido |date=15 April 2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref>

==Development of Quattrocento styles==

Quattrocento art shed the decorative [[mosaic]]s typically associated with [[Byzantine art]] along with Christian and Gothic media, as well as styles in [[stained glass]], [[fresco]]es, [[illuminated manuscripts]] and [[sculpture]]. Instead, Quattrocento artists incorporated the more classic forms developed by classical [[Roman art|Roman]] and [[Ancient Greek art|Greek art]].

==List of Italian Quattrocento artists==
Since the Quattrocento overlaps with part of the Renaissance, it would be inaccurate to say that a particular artist was Quattrocento ''or'' Renaissance.  Artists of the time probably would not have identified themselves as members of a school or period.

{{Div col|colwidth=24em}}
* [[Andrea del Castagno]]
* [[Andrea del Verrocchio]]
* [[Andrea della Robbia]]
* [[Andrea Mantegna]]
* [[Antonello da Messina]]
* [[Antoniazzo Romano]]
* [[Antonio del Pollaiuolo]]
* [[Antonio Rossellino]]
* [[Benozzo Gozzoli]]
* [[Bertoldo di Giovanni]]
* [[Carlo Crivelli]]
* [[Cosimo Tura]]
* [[Desiderio da Settignano]]
* [[Domenico di Bartolo]]
* [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]]
* [[Domenico Veneziano]]
* [[Donatello]]
* [[Ercole de' Roberti]]
* [[Filippo Brunelleschi]]
* [[Filippo Lippi]]
* [[Fra Angelico]]
* [[Fra Carnevale]]
* [[Francesco del Cossa]]
* [[Francesco di Giorgio]]
* [[Francesco Squarcione]]
* [[Gentile Bellini]]
* [[Gentile da Fabriano]]
* [[Giovanni Bellini]]
* [[Giovanni di Paolo]]
* [[Jacopo de' Barbari]]
* [[Jacopo Bellini]]
* [[Justus of Ghent]]
* [[Leonardo da Vinci]]
* [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]]
* [[Luca della Robbia]]
* [[Luca Signorelli]]
* [[Luciano Laurana]]<ref>Stokes, Adrian D. (2002) Quattro cento; and, Stones of Rimini Adrian Durham Stokes, https://books.google.com/books?id=TsIL1ziKIQEC Penn State Press. Original: 1932; footnote on p. 23</ref>
* [[Masaccio]]
* [[Masolino]]
* [[Melozzo da Forlì]]
* [[Michelangelo]]
* [[Nanni di Banco]]
* [[Paolo Uccello]]
* [[Pedro Berruguete]]
* [[Piero della Francesca]]
* [[Pietro Perugino]]
* [[Pisanello]]
* [[Sandro Botticelli]]
* [[Stefano di Giovanni|Il Sassetta]]
* [[Troso da Monza]]
* [[Vecchietta]]
* [[Vittore Carpaccio]]
* [[Vittore Crivelli]]
{{div col end}}

Also see the list of 27 prominent 15th century painters made contemporaneously by [[Giovanni Santi]], [[Raphael Sanzio]]'s father as part of a poem for the [[Duke of Urbino]].

== See also ==
* [[Duecento]] – the 13th century in Italian culture
* [[Trecento]] – the 14th century in Italian culture
* [[Cinquecento]] – the 16th century in Italian culture
* [[Seicento]] – the 17th century in Italian culture
* [[History of Italian culture (1700s)|Settecento]] – the 18th century in Italian culture
* [[Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art|Ottocento]] – the 19th century in Italian culture
* [[Novecento (disambiguation)|Novecento]] – the 20th century in Italian culture

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |author=Pope-Hennessy, John |author-link=John Pope-Hennessy |author2=Kanter, Laurence B. |name-list-style=amp| title= ''The Robert Lehman Collection I, Italian Paintings'' | location=New York, Princeton | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art in association with [[Princeton University Press]] | year=1987| isbn=0870994794 | url= http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/190122/rec/1 }} (see table of contents)

==External links==
{{Wiktionary-inline}}

{{Italy topics|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Italian Renaissance|.04]]
[[Category:15th century in Italy|.]]
[[Category:Quattrocento painters| ]]
[[Category:15th-century Italian composers| ]]
[[Category:Cultural history of Italy]]
[[Category:Renaissance art]]
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[[Category:Italian Renaissance sculptors|.]]
[[Category:15th-century Italian architects|.]]
[[Category:Italian literature|.]]
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