View source for Queer Nation

{{short description|LGBTQ activist organization}}

{{Infobox organization
| name = Queer Nation
| image = Queer Nation logo.svg
| caption = Logo by Alan MacDonald and Patrick Lilley from 1992
| abbreviation = 
| motto = 
| formation = March 1990
| extinction = <!-- date of extinction, optional -->
| type = [[direct action]]
| status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc -->
| purpose = Elimination of [[homophobia]] and increase [[LGBT]] visibility
| headquarters = 
| region_served = 
| website = http://queernationny.org/
}}

'''Queer Nation''' is an [[LGBTQ]] activist organization founded in March 1990 in [[New York City]], by [[HIV/AIDS]] [[Activism|activists]] from [[AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power|ACT UP]].<ref name="qtheory">{{citation |title=Queer Theory/sociology |first=Steven |last=Seidman |author-link=Steven Seidman |page=414 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |isbn=1-55786-740-2 |year=1997 }}</ref> The four founders were outraged at the escalation of [[Violence against LGBT people|anti-gay violence]] on the streets and prejudice in the arts and media. The group is known for its confrontational tactics and its slogans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stryker |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Stryker |title=Queer Nation |url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/queer_nation_S.pdf |journal=Reprinted from GLBTQ}}</ref>

== History ==
On March 20, 1990, sixty LGBTQ people gathered at the [[Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Services Center]] in New York's [[Greenwich Village]] to create a [[direct action]] organization. The goal of the unnamed organization was the elimination of [[homophobia]], and the increase of [[gay]], [[lesbian]] and [[bisexual]] visibility through a variety of tactics. The organization of Queer Nation, being non-hierarchical and decentralized, allowed anyone to become a member and have a voice.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Slagle|first=Anthony|date=1995|title=In Defense of Queer Nation: From Identity Politics to a Politics of Difference|journal=Western Journal of Communication|volume=59|issue=2|pages=85–102|doi=10.1080/10570319509374510}}</ref>

The direct-action group's inaugural action took place at Flutie's Bar, a straight hangout at the South Street Sea Port on April 13, 1990.  The goals included a desire to make it clear to (straight) patrons that queer people would not be restricted to gay bars for socializing and for public displays of affection, and to highlight their belief that most "public" space was in fact heterosexual space. Through parodying straight behavior (such as "spin the bottle") at these events, queer people refused to be invisible while publicly questioning the naturalized status of heterosexual coupling activity.  Visibility actions like this one became known as "Queer Nights Out."

Another method for Queer Nation to grab attention was the use of banners at protests and rallies. One banner used read "Dykes and Fags Bash Back," another "Queer Nation…Get Used To It!" which referenced the organization's famous chant "We're here! We're Queer! Get used to it!"

Although the name "Queer Nation" had been used casually since the group's inception, it was officially approved at the group's general meeting on May 17, 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://queernationny.org/history|title=Queer Nation NY History|website=Queer Nation NY|access-date=2016-05-07}}</ref>

The militant protest style of the group contrasted with more assimilationist gay rights organizations such as the [[Human Rights Campaign]], [[Log Cabin Republicans]], or [[National Gay and Lesbian Task Force]].  Queer Nation was most effective and powerful in the early 1990s in the US and used [[direct action]] to fight for [[gay rights]]. They also worked with AIDS organization [[AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power|ACT UP]] as well as [[Women's Health Action and Mobilization|WHAM!]]  Even though never officially disbanded, many of the local groups did so in the mid-to-late 1990s.<ref name="qnseattle">{{citation |title=Queer Nation/Seattle Disbands |url=http://www.qrd.org/qrd/orgs/QN/qn.seattle.disbands-02.05.95 |access-date=2008-03-29 |date=February 5, 1995 }}</ref><ref name="qnla">{{citation |title=We're Here, We're Queer, We're Finished – Maybe |first=Doug |last=Sadownick |author-link=Douglas Sadownick |periodical=[[LA Weekly]] |url=http://www.qrd.org/qrd/orgs/QN/queer.nation.is.dead-LA.WEEKLY |date=October 1, 1993 |access-date=2008-03-29 }}</ref><ref name="qnboston">{{citation |title=Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities |first1=David |last1=Bell |first2=Gill |last2=Valentine |author-link2=Gill Valentine |publisher=Routledge |page=295 |isbn=0-415-11163-3 |year=1995 }}</ref>

The group's use of the word "queer" in its name and slogan was at first considered shocking, though the [[reclaimed word|reclamation]] has been called a success,<ref name="castout">{{citation |title=Cast Out: Queer Lives in Theater |first=Robin |last=Bernstein |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=0-472-06933-0 |year=2006 }}</ref> used in relatively mainstream television programs such as ''[[Queer Eye (2003 TV series)|Queer Eye]]'' and ''[[Queer as Folk (UK)|Queer as Folk]]''. The use of the word "queer" disarmed homophobes by reversing its derogatory nature.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://queernationny.org/history|title=What Is Queer Nation|website=Newsweek}}</ref>

Other slogans used by Queer Nation include "Two, Four, Six, Eight!  How Do You Know Your Kids Are Straight?", "Out of the Closets and Into the Streets," and the widely imitated "We're Here! We're Queer! Get used to it!"'<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rand |first1=E.J. |date=October 2004 |title=A Disunited Nation and a Legacy of Contradiction: Queer Nation's Construction of Identity |journal=Journal of Communication Inquiry |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=288–306 |doi=10.1177/0196859904267232 |s2cid=145395945 |via=[[Sage Journals]]}}</ref>

Queer Nation Chicago was inducted into the [[Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame]] in 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glhalloffame.org/index.pl?page=inductees&todo=year |title=Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame |access-date=2015-11-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017032241/http://www.glhalloffame.org/index.pl?page=inductees&todo=year |archive-date=2015-10-17 }}</ref>

==Activism==
[[File:QN NYC Twitter Profile REV-2.gif|alt=Current Queer Nation NY logo|thumb|Current Queer Nation NY logo, used on its website, Facebook Page, Twitter profile, designed by Ken Woodard.]]
At the time of Russia's recently approved anti-gay laws, Queer Nation protested the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sochi, Russia]].<ref name="Entertainment Weekly Sochi">{{cite news| url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2013/10/29/olympians-sochi-boycott-queer-nation/ |title=Olympians face call to boycott -- and explain why they'll compete|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|first=Mandy|last=Bierly|date=October 29, 2013|access-date=July 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="NYT Stoli">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/08/world/europe/facing-fury-over-antigay-law-stoli-says-russian-not-really.html |title=Facing Fury Over Antigay Law, Stoli Says 'Russian? Not Really' - NYTimes.com|newspaper=The New York Times |date=8 September 2013 |last1=Higgins |first1=Andrew }}</ref>

=== Early actions ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2010}}
Here are some of [https://queernationny.org/history Queer Nation's first actions]:
* '''April 20, 1990'''
Queer Nation members show up en masse at Macy's department store where Olympic gold medallist [[Greg Louganis]] is promoting a new swimsuit line. Queers arrive with WHEATIES cereal boxes with swimmer's picture pasted on front, to recall the time the cereal maker rejected Louganis as a spokesperson, ostensibly because he is gay.
* '''April 26, 1990'''
Responding to the 120% increase in violence against queers, Queer Nationals climb the billboard on the roof of Badlands, a Greenwich Village bar and hangs a 40-foot banner that reads: "Dykes and Fags Bash Back!"
* '''April 28, 1990'''
A pipe bomb explodes in Uncle Charlie's, a Greenwich Village gay bar, injuring three.  In protest, Queer Nation mobilizes 1000 queers in a matter of hours.  Angry marchers fill the streets, carrying the banner "Dykes and Fags Bash Back."
* '''May 12, 1990'''
The inauguration of  "Queer Shopping Network."  Members of Queer Nation travel from New York City to the Newport Mall in Jersey City with leaflets offering information about queers, safe sex tips, and a list of famous queers throughout history.  The leaflets are titled "We're here, we're queer and we'd like to say hello!"<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fear of a queer planet : queer politics and social theory|editor-last=Warner|editor-first=Michael|date=1993-01-01|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|oclc=28634756}}</ref>
* '''June 1990'''

Members of Queer Nation circulate the pamphlet "[[Queers Read This]]" at the [[NYC Pride March|New York Gay Pride Parade]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kadlec |first=Jeanna |title=Where Does The Word "Queer" Come From? |url=https://www.nylon.com/articles/why-do-we-use-the-word-queer |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=[[Nylon (magazine)|Nylon]] |date=30 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''August, 1990'''
A boycott of the music group [[Snap!]] was arranged by members of Queer Nation after the lead singer, [[Turbo B|Turbo Harris]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8186389.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019170846/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8186389.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-10-19 |title=Gay Activists Call for Snap Boycott|work= The Boston Globe |location=Boston, MA }}</ref> was accused of assaulting Boston club owner, Dennis Moreau.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://articles.philly.com/1990-09-01/entertainment/25877112_1_lesbian-anti-violence-project-crimes-against-gay-people-homosexual-acts | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019170846/http://articles.philly.com/1990-09-01/entertainment/25877112_1_lesbian-anti-violence-project-crimes-against-gay-people-homosexual-acts | url-status=dead | archive-date=October 19, 2015 |title=Gay-bashing Finds A Home In Rap, Metal - Philly.com}}</ref>

== Queer Nation in other locales ==
[[File:QN Faggot.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A confrontational sticker created by Queer Nation/San Francisco (1990)]]

=== San Francisco ===
Queer Nation/San Francisco was founded in June 1990 by Mark Duran, Steve Mehall and Daniel Paíz; they organized a meeting at the San Francisco Women's Building the following month where the group was launched publicly.<ref>"An Open Letter to Jonathan Katz" (Feb. 15, 1996); [[GLBT Historical Society]] (San Francisco): Queer Nation/San Francisco Records (collection no. 1993-02), Box 1, Chronological Series.</ref><ref>Dennis Conkin, [http://70.90.168.98/olo/imagedb/1996/08/22/19960822_Mehall_Steve/m19960822_0.jpg "Queer Nation SF co-founder dies at 37,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810215931/http://70.90.168.98/olo/imagedb/1996/08/22/19960822_Mehall_Steve/m19960822_0.jpg |date=2011-08-10 }} ''[[Bay Area Reporter]]'' (Aug. 22, 1996).</ref> In the fall of 1990 the group helped organize a protest against a visiting televangelist who vowed to "exorcise the demons" from San Francisco on Halloween.<ref name="qnsf">{{citation |periodical=[[Wall Street Journal]] |date=30 October 1990 |title=The Devil, You Say? San Francisco Faces Halloween Exorcism |first=Chip |last=Johnson |access-date=2008-03-29 |url=http://www.toobeautiful.org/wsj_901030.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026111321/http://www.toobeautiful.org/wsj_901030.html |archive-date=26 October 2007 }}</ref> In another campaign, they distributed their trademark neon stickers that read "Trans Power/BI Power/Queer Nation".<ref>[[Susan Stryker|Stryker, Susan]]. Transgender History. First Printing edition. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2008.</ref> The organization was active through 1991; an attempt to revive the group in 1992 was unsuccessful.<ref>[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf029000gc;query=queer%20nation;style=oac4;view=admin#descgrp-1.7.2 "Collection Details," ''Guide to the Queer Nation Records''] (San Francisco: [[GLBT Historical Society]])</ref> An offshoot, the San Francisco Street Patrol, was a neighborhood safety patrol in the Castro District; it outlived QN/SF itself by a year.<ref>[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2s2025pb/ "Collection Overview: Background," ''Guide to the San Francisco Street Patrol Records''] (San Francisco: [[GLBT Historical Society]])</ref>

In 1992, Transgender Nation was founded by members of Queer Nation as the "first explicitly queer transgender social change group in the United States."<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Transgender History, Homonormativity, and Disciplinarity|journal=Radical History Review|doi=10.1215/01636545-2007-026|year=2008|last=Stryker|first=S.|author-link=Susan Stryker|volume=2008|issue=100|pages=145–157}}</ref>

=== Los Angeles ===
Queer Nation LA was active in the early 90s staging protests against Hollywood's perceived homophobia and disrupted the [[64th Academy Awards]] by staging a "kiss-in", obstructing entrants from the event while members of the group kissed on the red carpet.  Other more radical actions include a blockade of Ventura Blvd, confrontations with various church groups in the area, and the taking over of a political science class at Los Angeles City College.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives|title=Archives|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

=== Nebraska ===
According to the ''[[Woman's Journal-Advocate]]'', Queer Nation Nebraska was founded in December 1990. To encourage [[détente]] between Nebraska's lesbian and gay groups, Queer Nation Nebraska meetings were co-facilitated by one woman and one man. Queer Nation Nebraska demonstrated in front of churches and protested a show by a comedian [[Sam Kinison]].<ref name="WJA1991">{{cite news |last1=Dain |first1=Michele |last2=Zastrow |first2=Laurel |date=April 1991 |title=Dyke perspectives on Queer Nation Nebraska |id={{Gale|GLTLJC624481642}} |work=Woman's Journal-Advocate |location=Lincoln, Nebraska }}</ref> The organization demonstrated in front of the [[ROTC]] building at the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]] in April 1991 to protest the military's [[Sexual orientation in the United States military|policy of excluding LGBT people]]. One ROTC cadet spit on queer protesters, then punched and kicked a protester until the cadet was removed by police.<ref>{{cite news |last=VanDeventer |first=Betty |date=April 11, 1991 |title=Flap ends protest of military policy |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/311649191/ |work=The Lincoln Star }}</ref> Later in 1991, Queer Nation Nebraska produced a TV show consisting of two men kissing in a bathtub and pouring milk onto each other. The activists broadcast this show on [[Lincoln, Nebraska|Lincoln]]'s [[public access television]]. Angry citizens asked the Lincoln City Council to shut down the public access channel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Swartzlander |first=David |date=September 3, 1991 |title=Community access channel to stay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/312457550/ |work=Lincoln Journal }}</ref>

=== Houston ===
[[File:Queer Nation Houston x6.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Material used by Queer Nation in Houston]]Queer Nation in Houston was active from the beginning of 1991 through late 1994.  On July 13, 1991, the group held a major demonstration to protest police response to the July 4 gay-bashing murder of Paul Broussard; that demonstration involved between 1200 and 2000 individuals who seized the intersection of Montrose Boulevard and Westheimer Street at the heart of Houston's gay neighborhood.  Other actions by the group included a march in the suburban town that was the home of Broussard's killers, seizing the rotunda of Houston City Hall after another murder, protesting the ''[[Houston Post]]''{{'}}s firing of columnist Juan Palomo after he came out, and protesting discrimination against HIV-positive nurse Brian Bradley.  The group also took the lead in organizing LGBT and HIV/AIDS protests at the [[1992 Republican National Convention]] in Houston.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}

=== Denver ===
Queer Nation/Denver began in November 2012 by Todd Alan Haley II, using the original Pink Panthers Patrol insignia of the pink triangle with the "clawed" panther's paw in the center. Going by the name: The Pink Panthers Movement /PPM, Haley wanted to ensure that the original message the Pink Panthers Patrol created was never lost, either by apathy or legal pressure brought on by MGM Pictures/Studios. What began with just 3 party members in June 2010, now their growth exceeds over 1200 active and supporting party members. Teaming up with various feminist groups along the US, The Pink Panthers Movement vows to remain a non-profit group dedicated to helping other LGBT non-profits and the Women's Liberation Front. The PPM's slogan: "Our Rights, Our Community!" and "Curb your homophobia, we bite back!"{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

=== Utah ===
Queer Nation Utah was founded in January 1991 by Curtis Jensen, Melanie Bailey, and [[Connell O'Donovan]]. O'Donovan went to San Francisco in December 1990 to attend Queer Nation meetings there in order to learn about the organization and gather materials and ideas to share back in Utah. The group consisted of about 100 people with a core group of about a dozen people, about half women, half men, mostly white (with some Latinx, Polynesian, and Jewish) people, and several University of Utah students and one professor. Weekly planning meetings were held as well as regular focus group sessions. One of the focus groups produced four issues of the 'zine ''Queer Fuckers Magazine'' (QFM). Two major protests against [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] were held at their semi-annual General Conferences. Kiss-ins were held at two predominantly heterosexual venues (Denny's diner and a Gay-owned dance club) where homophobic incidents had occurred. They were physically attacked by a large crowd outside of an Andrew Dice Clay comedy concert that Queer Nation Utah was protesting.<ref>[[Henry D. Abelove|Abelove, Henry]], ''Deep Gossip'', University of Minnesota Press, 2003, pp. 33-35.</ref>

=== Southeast ===
The Queer Nation chapters in Atlanta, Georgia; Columbia, South Carolina; Berea and Lexington, Kentucky; and Nashville, Tennessee founded by Kelvin Lynn Cothren and Cheryl Lynn Summerville were active in protesting known homophobic policies of the [[Cracker Barrel]] a restaurant chain in 1992.<ref name="qnn">{{citation |title=COMPANY NEWS; Gay Group Asks Accord In Job Dispute |first=Barbara Presley |last=Noble |date=November 25, 1992 |periodical=[[New York Times]] |access-date=2008-03-29 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE0DF143BF936A15752C1A964958260 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Civil rights]]
* [[Gay rights]]
* [[Heterosexism]]
* [[Queer nationalism]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Warner |editor-first1=Michael |editor-link=Michael Warner |last1=Berlant |first1=Lauren |author-link1=Lauren Berlant |last2=Freeman |first2=Elizabeth |chapter=Queer Nationality |title=Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory |pages=193–229 |date=1993 |isbn=978-0-8166-2334-1 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |df=mdy-all }}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.queernation.org/ Queer Nation] - website
* [https://queernationny.org/ Queer Nation New York] - Official website
* [http://www.actupny.org/documents/QueersReadThis.pdf Queer Nation Manifestos]
* [https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/fales/mss_118/ Alan Klein Papers at The Fales Library & Special Collections.] The collection includes correspondence, flyers, periodicals, press clippings, T-shirts and other materials which focus on the activities of ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), and Queer Nation, among others.
* [http://www.glbthistory.org/research GLBT Historical Society (San Francisco)]. Houses the records of Queer Nation/San Francisco and the San Francisco Street Patrol; also holds papers from several Queer Nation/San Francisco activists, including Fernando Aguayo-Garcia, Brian Bringardner, Gerard Koskovich and Marco Place. In addition, Queer Nation materials appear in other collections at the Historical Society, including the [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt687036vt/ San Francisco Groups LGBT Ephemera Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926100328/https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt687036vt/ |date=2020-09-26 }} and the papers of [[Jenni Olson]].
* [http://www.qrd.org/qrd/orgs/QN/ Some articles]

{{LGBTQ|history=yes}}
{{LGBT in New York}}

[[Category:History of LGBTQ civil rights in the United States]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1990]]
[[Category:Defunct LGBTQ organizations based in New York City]]
[[Category:Community organizing]]
[[Category:Queer nationalism]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:LGBTQ political advocacy groups in New York (state)]]
[[Category:1990 in LGBTQ history]]