View source for Quzhou

{{Other uses}}
{{stack begin}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| name                            = Quzhou
| official_name                   = 
| native_name                     = 衢州市
| native_name_lang                = zh
| other_name                      = Chuchow
| nickname                        = 
| settlement_type                 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| total_type                      = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto                           = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline                   = Quzhou montage.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = From top, left to right: Shuiting Gate of the Quzhou City Wall, Temple of Southern Confucianism, Tianwang Temple, [[Mount Jianglang]], [[Longyou Caves]] 
| image_seal                      = 
| seal_size                       = 
| image_shield                    = 
| shield_size                     = 
| image_blank_emblem              = 
| blank_emblem_type               = 
| blank_emblem_size               = 
| image_map                       = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=7}}
| image_map1                      = Location map of Quzhou, Zhejiang.png
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = Location of Quzhou City jurisdiction in Zhejiang
| image_dot_map                   = 
| dot_mapsize                     = 
| dot_map_caption                 = 
| dot_x                           = 
| dot_y                           = 
| pushpin_map                     = Eastern China#China
| pushpin_label_position          = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in [[eastern China]]
| pushpin_mapsize                 = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = People's Republic of China
| subdivision_type1               = [[Province of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Zhejiang]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#County level|County-level divisions]]
| subdivision_name2               = 6
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_name3               = 
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name4               = 
| seat_type                       = Municipal seat
| seat                            = [[Kecheng District]]
| parts_type                      = 
| parts_style                     = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
 Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
| parts                           = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list-->
| p1                              = 
| p2                              = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = <!-- CPC Secretary -->
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1                    = [[Xu Wenguang]] ({{lang|zh-hans|徐文光}})
| leader_title2                   = [[Communist Party Secretary|Party Secretary]]
| leader_title3                   = 
| leader_name3                    = [[Tang Feifan]] ({{lang|zh-hans|汤飞帆}})
| leader_title4                   = 
| leader_name4                    = 
| established_title               = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date                = 
| established_title1              = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date1               = 
| established_title2              = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date2               = 
| established_title3              = 
| established_date3               = 
| founder                         = 
| named_for                       = <!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude                  = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| unit_pref                       = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 8846<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2                   = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 3069
| area_metro_km2                  = 1008.9
| area_blank1_title               = 
| area_blank1_km2                 = 
| elevation_footnotes             = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m                     = 
| elevation_ft                    = 
| elevation_max_m                 = 
| elevation_max_ft                = 
| elevation_min_m                 = 
| elevation_min_ft                = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_as_of                = 2020 census
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 2276184
| population_density_km2          = auto<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
| population_metro                = 902767
| population_density_metro_km2    = auto
| population_urban                = 902767
| population_density_urban_km2    = auto
| population_blank1_title         = 
| population_blank1               = 
| population_density_blank1_km2   = 
| demographics_type2   = GDP<ref>{{Cite web| last = 浙江省统计局| title = 2021年浙江统计年鉴 17-2 各市国民经济主要指标（2021年）| accessdate = 2022-06-02| url = https://zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou-zwynet-d01-a.internet.cloud.zj.gov.cn/jcms_files/jcms1/web3077/site/flash/tjj/Reports1/2021-%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4/indexcn.html| language = zh-cn| archive-date = 2020-08-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200817014433/http://zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou-zwynet-d01-a.internet.cloud.zj.gov.cn/jcms_files/jcms1/web3077/site/flash/tjj/Reports1/2019%e5%b9%b4%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%a1%e5%b9%b4%e9%89%b4%e5%85%89%e7%9b%98/indexch.htm| url-status = live }}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 163.9 billion<br />[[US$]] 22.2 billion 
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 71,766<br />US$ 10,115
| timezone                        = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset                      = +8
| coor_pinpoint                   = Quzhou municipal government
| coordinates                     = {{coord|28.9702|N|118.8593|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-33_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type                = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code                     = 324000
| area_code                       = 0570
| iso_code                        = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-ZJ-08]]
| blank2_name                     = [[Licence plates of the People's Republic of China|License Plate]] Prefix
| blank2_info                     = {{lang|zh-cn|浙H}}
| blank6_name                     = City tree
| blank6_info                     = Camphor
| blank7_name                     = City flower
| blank7_info                     = Osmanthus
| website                         = {{URL|quzhou.gov.cn/}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
 | c        = {{linktext|lang=zh|衢州}}
 | p        = Qúzhōu
 | w        = Ch‘ü<sup>2</sup>-chou<sup>1</sup>
 | mi       = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Qu2zhou1.ogg|q|ü|2|.|zh|ou|1}}
 | j        = 
 | ci       = 
 | altname  = 
}}
{{stack end}}
'''Quzhou'''<!--Chinese text in infobox; see WP:MOS-ZH-->{{efn|In addition to the [[pinyin]] and [[Wade-Giles]] romanizations of the name given above, Quzhou also appears in historical accounts as '''Kyu-tcheou-fou'''<ref>E.g.: {{cite book
|title=An historical, geographical, and philosophical view of the Chinese empire: comprehending a description of the fifteen provinces of China, Chinese Tartary; tributary states; natural history of China; government, religion, laws, manners and customs, literature, arts, sciences, manufactures, &c
|edition=2
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=A7g2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA83
|page=83|last1=Winterbotham
|first1=William
|year=1795
}}</ref> and '''Kiu-tcheou-fou''',
<ref>{{citation
|first1=Hugh |last1=Murray|author-link=Hugh Murray (geographer)|first2= John |last2=Crawfurd|author-link2=John Crawfurd|first3= Peter |last3=Gordon
|publisher=Oliver & Boyd |year=1843
|title=An historical and descriptive account of China: its ancient and modern history, language, literature, religion, government, industry, manners, and social state ...
|edition=3
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2iELAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA25
|pages=25–26}}</ref> based on French transcriptions of its name and former status as a [[fu (administrative division)|prefectural seat]].}} is a [[prefecture-level city]] in western [[Zhejiang]] [[province of China|province]], People's Republic of China. Sitting on the upper course of the [[Qiantang River]], it borders [[Hangzhou]] to the north, [[Jinhua]] to the east, [[Lishui]] to the southeast, and the provinces of [[Fujian]], [[Jiangxi]] and [[Anhui]] to the south, southwest and northwest respectively. Its population was 2,276,184 inhabitants as of the [[2020 Chinese census|2020 census]] of whom 902,767 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Qujiang and Kecheng urban Districts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/zhejiang/admin/|title=China: Zhèjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=Citypopulation.de|access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref>
Chinese actress and singer [[Zhou Xun]] was born in Quzhou.

==History==
[[File:Du Halde - Description de la Chine - Villes de Kiu tcheou fou - Pinghou hien.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Maps of "Kiu-tcheou-fou" and "[[Pinghu|Pinghou-hien]]" from [[Du Halde]]'s 1736 ''[[Description of China]]'', based on [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit]] accounts]]

=== Descendants of Confucius ===
During the [[Southern Song dynasty]] the descendant of [[Confucius]] at [[Qufu]], the [[Duke Yansheng]] Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly established [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]] in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng.<ref name=Wilson1996>{{cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Thomas A. |date=August 1996 |title=The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=55 |issue=3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press, Association for Asian Studies |pages=559–584 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248653434 |doi=10.2307/2646446 |jstor=2646446|s2cid=162848825 }}</ref><ref name=ac1>{{cite web |url=http://www.npm.gov.tw/hotnews/9910seminar/download/en/B10.pdf |title=Descendants and Portraits of Confucius in the Early Southern Song |access-date=2016-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-09-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160913134503/http://www.npm.gov.tw/hotnews/9910seminar/download/en/B10.pdf}}</ref><ref name=ac2>{{cite web |url=http://www.npm.gov.tw/hotnews/9910seminar/download/all/B10.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053840/http://www.npm.gov.tw/hotnews/9910seminar/download/all/B10.pdf}}</ref><ref name="AAS Abstracts">{{cite web |url=http://aas2.asian-studies.org/absts/1995abst/china/csess45.htm |title=Session 45: On Sacred Grounds: The Material Culture and Ritual Formation of the Confucian Temple in Late Imperial China |publisher=Association for Asian Studies |access-date=2016-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161006175402/http://aas2.asian-studies.org/absts/1995abst/china/csess45.htm |archive-date=2016-10-06}}</ref><ref>https://www.asian-studies.org/absts/1995abst/china/csess45.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20150318220616/https://www.asian-studies.org/absts/1995abst/china/csess45.htm |date=2015-03-18 }} http://archive {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712160429/http://archive/ |date=2013-07-12 }}. is/hOXhs; http://academics.hamilton.edu/asian_studies/home/CultTemp/sitePages/temple.html</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.chinatefl.com/Platform/cityfeature_241_5_48.html |title=- Quzhou City Guides - China TEFL Network |access-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065123/http://en.chinatefl.com/Platform/cityfeature_241_5_48.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}; http://kfz.freehostingguru.com/article20.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313043230/http://kfz.freehostingguru.com/article20.php |date=2016-03-13 }}; http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-09/29/content_699183.htm; http://www.china.org.cn/english/2006/Sep/182656.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=孔子家族全书：家事本末 |url=http://book.mihua.net/book/4/4190/798538.html |access-date=2016-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071955/http://book.mihua.net/book/4/4190/798538.html |archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref> From that time up until the [[Yuan dynasty]], there were two Duke Yanshengs, once in the north in Qufu and the other in the south at Quzhou. An invitation to come back to Qufu was extended to the southern Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the Yuan dynasty Emperor [[Kublai Khan]]. The title was taken away from the southern branch after Kong Zhu rejected the invitation,<ref name=Wilson1996/>{{rp|572}}<ref name=ac1/><ref name=ac2/>{{rp|14}}<ref name="JansenKlein2014">{{cite book|author1=Thomas Jansen |author2=Thoralf Klein |author3=Christian Meyer|title=Globalization and the Making of Religious Modernity in China: Transnational Religions, Local Agents, and the Study of Religion, 1800-Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNlXAwAAQBAJ |date=21 March 2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27151-7|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GNlXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA187 187–188]}}</ref> so the northern branch of the family kept the title of Duke Yansheng. The southern branch still remained in Quzhou where they lived to this day. Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nation observes Confucius anniversary|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-09/29/content_699183.htm|agency=China Daily |date=2006-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Confucius Anniversary Celebrated|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/2006/Sep/182656.htm|agency=China Daily|date=September 29, 2006}}</ref> The [[Hanlin Academy]] rank of Wujing boshi ({{lang|zh-Hant|[[w:zh:五經博士|五經博士]]}}) was awarded to the southern branch at Quzhou by a Ming Emperor while the northern branch at Qufu held the title Duke Yansheng.<ref name=Wilson1996/>{{rp|575}}<ref name=ac2/>{{rp|14}}<ref name="Wilson2002">{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Thomas A. |title=On Sacred Grounds: Culture, Society, Politics, and the Formation of the Cult of Confucius |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4XXAAAAMAAJ&q=wujing+boshi+descendant |year=2002|publisher=Harvard University Asia Center|isbn=978-0-674-00961-5|pages=69,315}}</ref><ref name="JansenKlein2014 2">{{cite book|author1=Thomas Jansen |author2=Thoralf Klein|author3=Christian Meyer|title=Globalization and the Making of Religious Modernity in China: Transnational Religions, Local Agents, and the Study of Religion, 1800-Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNlXAwAAQBAJ|date=21 March 2014 |publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27151-7|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GNlXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 188–]}}</ref> Kong Ruogu ({{lang|zh|孔若古}}) aka Kong Chuan ({{lang|zh-Hant|孔傳}})<ref name=ac2/>{{rp|5}} 47th generation<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://js.ifeng.com/humanity/his/detail_2015_03/27/3712847_0.shtml|title=页面不存在|website=js.ifeng.com|access-date=2016-05-09|archive-date=2016-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605043714/http://js.ifeng.com/humanity/his/detail_2015_03/27/3712847_0.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.zjfeiyi.cn/lvyou/detail/2-124.html Archived copy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603111442/http://www.zjfeiyi.cn/lvyou/detail/2-124.html |date=2016-06-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=金华磐安发现一处宋代古墓 墓主疑是孔子47代裔孙--浙江省殡葬协会 |url=http://www.zjbzxh.org/contents/231/709.html |access-date=2018-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006205620/http://www.zjbzxh.org/contents/231/709.html |archive-date=2016-10-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://szkong.net/article/196 |title=中国深圳孔氏联谊会-榉溪孔氏家庙 |access-date=2016-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923063801/http://szkong.net/article/196}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://059822.net/news/FS3.html |title=孔传：孔传 锁定 本缺少名片图，补充相关内 |access-date=2016-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605072209/http://059822.net/news/FS3.html |archive-date=2016-06-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=孔氏六帖 南宋 孔传（孔若古）衢州派始祖 |url=http://www.kong.org.cn/BBS2/a/a.asp?B=74&ID=123 |access-date=2016-05-09 |archive-date=2016-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808134935/http://www.kong.org.cn/BBS2/a/a.asp?B=74&ID=123 |url-status=dead }}</ref> was claimed to be the ancestor of the Southern branch after Kong Zhu died by Northern branch member Kong Guanghuang.<ref name=Wilson1996/>{{rp|575}}<ref name="AAS Abstracts"/> The leader of the southern branch is Kong Xiangkai ({{lang|zh|孔祥楷}}).<ref name="JansenKlein2014 3">{{cite book |author1=Thomas Jansen|author2=Thoralf Klein |author3=Christian Meyer |title=Globalization and the Making of Religious Modernity in China: Transnational Religions, Local Agents, and the Study of Religion, 1800-Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNlXAwAAQBAJ|date=21 March 2014 |publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27151-7|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GNlXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189 189]}}</ref>

===Second World War===
During the [[Second World War]], [[Imperial Japanese Army|Imperial Japanese army]] used [[bacteriological weapons]] in Quzhou, spreading [[Plague (disease)|plague]], [[typhoid]] and other diseases in Quzhou, as well as in [[Ningbo]] and [[Changde]]. As a result, between 1940 and 1948 more than 300,000 Chinese [[civilian]]s in the area contracted the plague and other diseases, and an estimated 50,000 died in Quzhou alone.<ref>[[Jonathan Watts]]: [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/28/artsandhumanities.japan Japan guilty of germ warfare against thousands of Chinese] [[The Guardian]], 28 August 2002; Justin McCurry: [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/28/worlddispatch.justinmccurry Japan's sins of the past] ''The Guardian'', 28 October 2004.</ref>

On April 18, 1942, hours after [[Doolittle Raid|bombing Tokyo]], six US Army [[B-25]] bombers crash landed near Quzhou after running out of fuel, including the leader of the raid, Lieutenant Colonel [[Jimmy Doolittle]].

==Administration==
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh50-16.jpg|thumb|Map including Quzhou (labeled as CH'Ü-HSIEN {{lang|zh-hant|衢縣}}) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1952)]]
The [[prefecture-level city]] of Quzhou administers 2 [[District of China|districts]], 1 [[county-level city]], and 3 [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]].

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
!colspan="7" align="center" | Map
|-
|colspan="7" align="center" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Quzhou.png|width=546|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=1020|y=760|scale=546/1820|text=[[Kecheng District|'''Kecheng''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1300|y=840|scale=546/1820|text=[[Qujiang District, Quzhou|'''Qujiang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=690|y=820|scale=546/1820|text=[[Changshan County|'''Changshan<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=390|y=490|scale=546/1820|text=[[Kaihua County|'''Kaihua<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1580|y=800|scale=546/1820|text=[[Longyou County|'''Longyou<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=760|y=1460|scale=546/1820|text=[[Jiangshan|'''Jiangshan<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! #
! Name
! [[Hanzi]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
|----------
|1
|[[Kecheng District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|柯城区}}
|Kēchéng Qū
|----------
|2
|[[Qujiang District, Quzhou|Qujiang District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|衢江区}}
|Qújiāng Qū
|----------
|3
|[[Jiangshan]] City
|{{lang|zh|江山市}}
|Jiāngshān Shì
|----------
|4
|[[Changshan County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|常山县}}
|Chángshān Xiàn
|----------
|5
|[[Kaihua County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|开化县}}
|Kāihuà Xiàn
|---------
|6
|[[Longyou County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|龙游县}}
|Lóngyóu Xiàn
|}

==Geography==
[[File:Quzhou 2017.10.21 17-29-34.jpg|thumb|800px|center|View of the Qu River outside the Shuiting Gate]]
The centre of Quzhou sits on a broad basin along the {{ill|Qu River (Zhejiang)|lt=Qu River|zh|衢江}}, a tributary of the [[Qiantang River]]. The Qu River flows roughly southeast for {{convert|81.5|km|abbr=on}} and is flanked on both sides by hills. Almost all the rivers of Quzhou feed into the Qiantang, which ultimately empties into [[Hangzhou Bay]].

The terrain is higher in the west and the east. The territory of Quzhou Municipality is made up of plains (15%), hills (36%), and mountains (49%). In the north is the [[Qianli Gang]] ({{lang|zh-hans|千里岗}}) mountain range and in the west the [[Yu Mountains]] ({{lang|zh|玉山脉}}). The highest mountains, the range known as the [[Xianxia Ling]] ({{lang|zh-hans|仙霞岭}}), lie in the south. The highest point in the city is at [[Dalong Gang]] ({{lang|zh-hans|大龙岗}}), which rises to 1,500 m above sea level.

70.7% of the land is covered with forest. The rest is densely irrigated and farmed, producing [[citrus]] fruits, [[tea]] and [[mulberry]] leaves.

The north China plain is an important grain-producing areas is also the key area of nitrogen loss, Quzhou nitrogen loss in 2017 about 9000 tons, through effective to improve crops (wheat, corn, vegetables and animal (pig, eggs) in the production of reasonable management to further improve the Quzhou has been the development of the north China plain green agriculture.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Meng|first1=Fanlei|last2=Wang|first2=Mengru|last3=Strokal|first3=Maryna|last4=Kroeze|first4=Carolien|last5=Ma|first5=Lin|last6=Li|first6=Yanan|last7=Zhang|first7=Qi|last8=Wei|first8=Zhibiao|last9=Hou|first9=Yong|last10=Liu|first10=Xuejun|last11=Xu|first11=Wen|date=November 2021|title=Nitrogen losses from food production in the North China Plain: A case study for Quzhou|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969721066353|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=816 |language=en|article-number=151557|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151557|pmid=34762946 |s2cid=243909730 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Climate===
Quzhou has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is {{convert|17.31|°C|1}}, with monthly daily averages ranging from {{convert|5.4|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|28.7|°C}} in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of {{convert|1665.1|mm|1}} and is affected by the [[Meiyu|plum rains]] of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks. The frost-free period lasts 251–261 days. Winds along the Qiantang River valley are predominantly north-easterly and north-east-easterly. Occasionally [[typhoon]]s blow in from the [[Pacific Ocean]]. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 25% in March to 59% in August, the city receives 1,810 hours of bright sunshine annually.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| location = Quzhou, elevation {{convert|82|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| Jan record high C = 26.1
| Feb record high C = 28.2
| Mar record high C = 34.6
| Apr record high C = 35.9
| May record high C = 36.8
| Jun record high C = 39.0
| Jul record high C = 40.9
| Aug record high C = 42.1
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 36.1
| Nov record high C = 32.3
| Dec record high C = 27.0
| Jan record low C = −10.4
| Feb record low C = −8.9
| Mar record low C = −2.9
| Apr record low C = 2.1
| May record low C = 9.4
| Jun record low C = 14.4
| Jul record low C = 19.3
| Aug record low C = 18.0
| Sep record low C = 12.0
| Oct record low C = 2.1
| Nov record low C = −3.6
| Dec record low C = −7.0
| Jan high C = 9.9
| Feb high C = 12.5
| Mar high C = 16.6
| Apr high C = 22.8
| May high C = 27.4
| Jun high C = 29.5
| Jul high C = 34.2
| Aug high C = 33.7
| Sep high C = 29.5
| Oct high C = 24.5
| Nov high C = 18.6
| Dec high C = 12.5
| Jan mean C = 5.8
| Feb mean C = 8.0
| Mar mean C = 11.9
| Apr mean C = 17.6
| May mean C = 22.4
| Jun mean C = 25.3
| Jul mean C = 29.1
| Aug mean C = 28.7
| Sep mean C = 24.8
| Oct mean C = 19.6
| Nov mean C = 13.8
| Dec mean C = 7.8
| Jan low C = 2.8
| Feb low C = 4.6
| Mar low C = 8.2
| Apr low C = 13.6
| May low C = 18.5
| Jun low C = 22.0
| Jul low C = 25.2
| Aug low C = 24.9
| Sep low C = 21.2
| Oct low C = 15.7
| Nov low C = 10.1
| Dec low C = 4.3
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 91.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 108.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 189.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 204.0
| May precipitation mm = 211.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 360.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 167.8
| Aug precipitation mm = 128.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 76.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 52.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 85.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 71.1
| Jan humidity = 79
| Feb humidity = 78
| Mar humidity = 78
| Apr humidity = 76
| May humidity = 76
| Jun humidity = 81
| Jul humidity = 74
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 76
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 77
| Dec humidity = 77
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 13.8
| Feb precipitation days = 13.3
| Mar precipitation days = 17.6
| Apr precipitation days = 16.3
| May precipitation days = 15.8
| Jun precipitation days = 17.5
| Jul precipitation days = 11.5
| Aug precipitation days = 12.3
| Sep precipitation days = 9.3
| Oct precipitation days = 8.0
| Nov precipitation days = 10.6
| Dec precipitation days = 10.5
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 93.2
| Feb sun = 92.8
| Mar sun = 109.6
| Apr sun = 128.5
| May sun = 145.4
| Jun sun = 124.9
| Jul sun = 226.8
| Aug sun = 214.6
| Sep sun = 178.8
| Oct sun = 168.5
| Nov sun = 129.3
| Dec sun = 124.3
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 28
| Feb percentsun = 29
| Mar percentsun = 29
| Apr percentsun = 33
| May percentsun = 35
| Jun percentsun = 30
| Jul percentsun = 53
| Aug percentsun = 53
| Sep percentsun = 49
| Oct percentsun = 48
| Nov percentsun = 41
| Dec percentsun = 39
| year percentsun = 
| Jan snow days = 3.1
| Feb snow days = 2.3
| Mar snow days = 0.5
| Apr snow days = 0
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0.1
| Dec snow days = 1.3
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|title=Experience Template |url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =22 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 
}}</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World
|access-date= 2024-09-22
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.roostweather.com/worldclimate/graphs.php?code=CHM00058633
|title= Quzhou Climate: 1991–2020
|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather
|access-date= 7 October 2025
}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

==Tourism==

* Ancestral Temple of the Southern Confucian Clan
* [[Lanke Mountain]], {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} southeast of the city proper. It features green peaks and clear waters, and the huge rocks on top of the mountain support a horizontal rock to form a natural arch, the [[Tiansheng Bridge]] ("Nature-Formed").

==Demographics==

As of 2003, Quzhou municipality registered a population of 2,578,100. The vast majority are [[Han Chinese]] (99.16%) but there are also small minorities of [[She (ethnic group)|She]] (0.73%) and [[Hui people|Hui]], [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]], [[Manchu]] and [[Hmong people|Miao]] (together making up 0.1%). Most of the people in Quzhou are engaged in agriculture (2,035,100). The genders are roughly evenly split. Population density is 273 people per km<sup>2</sup>. At any given time there are a handful of foreign (mainly European and Australian) teachers at the schools and university of Quzhou, as well as alleged but never seen Russian Military Personnel who work and advise at the military base.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

==Transportation==
[[File:201901 Station Building of Quzhou.jpg|right|thumb|270px|[[Quzhou railway station]]]]
Quzhou is well served by both railways and highways. The city of Quzhou is a major connection hub between the three provinces of Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian, with the [[Zhegan Railroad]] running through southern Quzhou and the Qu River flowing past northern Quzhou. {{citation needed span|A local saying goes: "Four provinces through Qu, it's the head of five roads" ({{zh|labels=no|s=四省通衢、五路总头}})|date=April 2020}}.

;Airport
[[Quzhou Airport]], ranked as class 4C, is located {{convert|3|km|abbr=on}} away from east side of city centre,<ref>{{cite web|title=Quzhou Airport Official Website|url=http://mhj.qz.gov.cn/|access-date=6 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310135910/http://mhj.qz.gov.cn/|archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref> and this airport was built in 22nd year of Republic of China (1933). The destinations are Beijing, Chongqing, Haikou, Jinan, Qingdao, Kunming, Dalian, Guiyang, Xi'an  and Shenzhen. Airplane timetable and more information can be found on [https://web.archive.org/web/20120310135910/http://mhj.qz.gov.cn/ Quzhou airport official website].
The nearest large-scale airport is [[Hangzhou International Airport]], and its information can be found on [http://www.hzairport.com/ Hangzhou International Airport Official Website]

;Railway

One of the most famous railway passes through the city is [[Shanghai-Kunming Railway]] with a speed of {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on}}. This railway has three stations in city, which are [[Longyou railway station]], [[Quzhou railway station]], [[Jiangshan railway station]], Changshan Station, Kaihua Station. More information can be found on [http://bus.aibang.com/quzhou/busxid-2030863183-420599680 Quzhou Railway Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303031354/http://bus.aibang.com/quzhou/busxid-2030863183-420599680 |date=2014-03-03 }}

;Highway
Quzhou South Station, also named as Quzhou Express Station ({{lang|zh|衢州快客站}}), located in No.209 Shang Street, has 27 buses to Hangzhou, 18 to Jinhua, 8 to Ningbo, 6 to Wenzhou, and 3 to Shanghai daily. Another Express Station is located in He Hua Middle Road ({{lang|zh|荷花中路}}), on the south of newly built train station, and its destinations cover most cities in Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province. More bus information can be found on https://web.archive.org/web/20111231062848/http://www.icha.com.cn/RailwayStation/130.Html

==International relations==
Quzhou had bilateral agreements with:<ref>{{cite web |title=浙江省友好关系一览表 |url=http://fad.zj.gov.cn/art/2020/6/19/art_1229135651_515340.html |website=浙江省外事办公室 |access-date=25 October 2025}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Red Wing, Minnesota|Red Wing]], [[Minnesota]], United States 
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sano, Tochigi|Sano City]], [[Tochigi Prefecture]], Japan
* {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Kutaisi]], Georgia 
* {{flagicon|ARM}} [[Vanadzor]], Armenia 
* {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Sumqayıt]], Azerbaijan
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Province of Catanzaro]], Italy
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Murcia]], Spain
* {{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Emfuleni Local Municipality|Emfuleni]], South Africa

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|China}}
{{Commons category|Quzhou}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20000410175113/http://www.quzhou.gov.cn/ Government website of Quzhou]{{in lang|zh}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20011027112445/http://english.qz.gov.cn/ Government website of Quzhou]{{in lang|en}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041209113849/http://www.chinapages.com/zhejiang/quzhou/jg/ Brief Introduction of Quzhou]
*{{cite web |url=http://www.23yy.com/3470000/3467835.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929010006/http://www.23yy.com/3470000/3467835.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |script-title=zh:纪念孔子诞辰2566周年衢州孔氏南宗祭祀典礼系列活动综述}}

{{Zhejiang topics}}
{{Zhejiang}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Quzhou| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Zhejiang]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang]]
[[Category:National Civilized City]]
[[Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]