View source for Rampur, Uttar Pradesh

{{About|the city in Uttar Pradesh|other uses|Rampur (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Rampur
| other_name         = Mustafabad
| settlement_type    = City
| image_skyline      = Rampur collage1.jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = Center: Jama Masjid Rampur, Clockwise from top : Rampur Railway Station; [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]]; Rampur [[Raza Library]]; Aryabhatt Planetarium; Gandhi Samadhi
| nickname           = 
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = India Uttar Pradesh#India2
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_relief     = Y
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates        = {{coord|28.8|N|79.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = State
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type4  = Division
| subdivision_name1  = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Rampur district|Rampur]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Rohilkhand]]
| subdivision_name4  = [[Moradabad Division|Moradabad]]
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| named_for          = [[Ram Singh I]]
| government_type    = 
| governing_body     = Rampur Nagar Palika Parishad
| leader_title       = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name        = [[Mohibbullah Nadvi]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])<ref>{{Citation |title=Rampur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Mohibbullah of SP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/rampur-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-counting-of-votes-on-8917402.html}}</ref>
| leader_title1      = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name1       = [[Akash Saxena  (politician)|Akash Saxena]] ([[BJP]])
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 84
| area_rank          = 43
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 288
| population_total   = 325,248
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_footnotes = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank    = 
| population_demonym = 
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 244901
| area_code          = 0595
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-22
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = 1000/927 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website            = {{URL|rampur.nic.in}}
| footnotes          = 
| leader_title2      = Zila Panchayat Chairman
| leader_name2       = Khyaliram Lodhi <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/rampur/newly-elected-rampur-zila-panchayat-chief-khyaliram-lodhi-takes-oath | title=रामपुर: नवनिर्वाचित जिला पंचायत अध्यक्ष ख्यालीराम लोधी ने ली शपथ }}</ref>([[BJP]])
| blank3_name_sec1   = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1   = 55.08%
| blank4_name_sec1   = Civic agency
| blank4_info_sec1   = Rampur Nagar Palika Parisad
| blank5_name_sec1   = Distance from Delhi
| blank5_info_sec1   = {{convert|186|km|mi}} NW ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank6_name_sec1   = Distance from Lucknow
| blank6_info_sec1   = {{convert|322|km|mi}} SE ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank7_name_sec1   = Governing body
| blank7_info_sec1   = [[Government of UP]]<br />[[Government of India]]
| native_name        = ''Rāmapura''
| native_name_lang   = iso
}}
'''Rampur''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|m|p|ʊər}} {{audio|Rampur.ogg|pronunciation}}; [[ISO 15919|ISO]]: ''Rāmapura''; formerly '''Mustafabad''') is a town and the administrative headquarters of [[Rampur district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was formerly known for industries such as sugar refining and cotton milling. The [[Raza Library]] houses more than 12,000 rare manuscripts along with a notable collection of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] miniature paintings.<ref name="Raza library">{{cite web|url=http://razalibrary.gov.in/indexe.asp |title=Rampur Raza Library: A structure of national importance |website=razalibrary.gov.in |access-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> Rampur is located about 322 kilometres north-west of the state capital [[Lucknow]] and approximately 180 kilometres from the national capital [[New Delhi]].

In 2007, the [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]] identified [[Rampur district]] as one of the 14 'Minority Concentration Districts' in Uttar Pradesh, on the basis of the 2001 Census data relating to population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=28770|title=Identification of Minority Concentration Districts|date=22 June 2007|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref> The city is also known for the Rampuri knife (chaaku), commonly known as the [[Rampuri]].<ref name="Rampuri">{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Prashant |title=Chinese imports kill 'Rampuri knife' as Jaya Prada & Azam Khan are busy fighting each other |url=https://theprint.in/india/chinese-makes-kill-rampuri-knife-as-jaya-prada-azam-khan-are-busy-fighting-each-other/225045/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=ThePrint |date=23 April 2019}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The area originally comprised four villages known as Kather, associated with Raja Ram Singh. The first [[Nawab]] proposed renaming the settlement ''Faizabad''. However, since several other places were already known by that name, it was instead named Mustafabad, later also referred to as Rampur.<ref name="ram history">{{cite web|url=http://rampur.nic.in/history.htm |title=Rampur history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521083242/http://rampur.nic.in/history.htm |archive-date=21 May 2012 |website=rampur.nic.in |access-date=8 July 2012}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|Rampur State}}
According to medieval history, Rampur was part of the [[Delhi]] region and was divided between [[Budaun|Badaun]] and [[Sambhal]] districts. Being situated in the upper part of [[Rohilkhand]], it was known as Kather{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} and was ruled by the Katheria Rajputs. The Katheria [[Rajput]]s resisted external powers for about 400 years, fighting the [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultans of Delhi]] and later the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. They engaged in repeated battles with [[Mahmud I of Delhi|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] in 1253, [[Balban|Ghiyas ud din Balban]] in 1256, [[Jalal-ud-Din Khalji|Jalal-ud-din Khalji]] in 1290, [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] in 1379, and [[Sikandar Khan Lodi|Sikandar Lodi]] in 1494.

During the early Mughal period, the capital of [[Rohilkhand]] shifted from [[Budaun|Badaun]] to [[Bareilly]], which increased Rampur's importance.<ref name="ram history" />[[File:Flag of the Rampur State.svg|thumb|left|Flag of Rampur State]]

The [[Second Rohilla War|Rohilla War]] of 1774–1775 began when the [[Rohilla|Rohilla Pathans]], then dominant in the region, reneged on a debt owed to the [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab of Oudh]] for military assistance against the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] in 1772. The Rohillas were defeated and driven from their former capital, [[Bareilly]], by the Nawab with support from troops of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]], lent by [[Warren Hastings]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Rampur |volume=22 |page=877}}</ref>

The [[Rohilla dynasty|Rohilla]] state of [[Rampur State|Rampur]] was established by [[Faizullah Khan|Nawab Faizullah Khan]] on 7 October 1774 in the presence of British commander Colonel Champion. It remained a princely state under British protection thereafter.<ref name="Rampur temperature" />

[[File:Faizullah Khan.jpg|thumb|Faizullah Khan|left]]

Faizullah Khan laid the foundation of the new fort at Rampur, and the city was founded in 1775. The area originally comprised four villages known as Kather, associated with Raja Ram Singh. The first Nawab proposed renaming the settlement ''Faizabad'', but as several places with that name already existed, it was renamed Mustafabad, later also called Rampur. Nawab Faizullah Khan ruled for 20 years. A patron of scholarship, he began the collection of [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Urdu]] manuscripts that now form the core of the [[Raza Library|Rampur Raza Library]]. After his death, his son Muhammad Ali Khan succeeded him but was killed by Rohilla leaders after 24 days. Ghulam Muhammad Khan, the deceased's brother, was proclaimed Nawab. The East India Company objected to his rule, and after three months and 22 days he was defeated by Company forces. The Governor-General then appointed Ahmad Ali Khan, son of the late Muhammad Ali Khan, as Nawab. He ruled for 44 years. With no sons, succession passed to Muhammad Sa'id Khan, son of Ghulam Muhammad Khan. Sa'id Khan raised a regular army, established courts, and carried out measures to improve the condition of farmers. He was succeeded by his son Muhammad Yusuf Ali Khan, and later by Kalb Ali Khan in 1865.<ref name="ram history" />

[[File:Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, c.1911.jpg|thumb|Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, ca.1911.|left]]

[[File:Sir Kalb Ali Khan, Nawab of Rampur (1832-1887).jpg|left|upright|thumb|Sir [[Kalb Ali Khan]], [[Rampur State|Nawab of Rampur]] (1832–1887)]]
Nawab [[Kalb Ali Khan]] was proficient in Arabic and Persian. Under his rule, Rampur saw progress in education. He was also a Member of Council during the viceroyalty of Lord [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]]. He commissioned the construction of the Jama Masjid in Rampur at a cost of Rs. 300,000 and was knighted in Agra by the [[Prince of Wales]]. He ruled for 22 years and seven months and was succeeded by his son Mushtaq Ali Khan, who appointed W. C. Wright as Chief Engineer and oversaw the construction of new buildings and canals. Nawab Hamid Ali assumed power in 1889 at the age of 14. During his reign, new schools were established, and financial contributions were made to various colleges, including a donation of Rs. 50,000 to Lucknow Medical College. In 1905 he built the Darbar Hall within the Fort, which today houses the Rampur Raza Library's collection of Oriental manuscripts. His son, Raza Ali Khan, became the last ruling Nawab in 1930.

On 1 July 1949, the State of Rampur was merged into the Republic of India. Today, many of the Nawabs' palaces, gates, and fort walls show signs of decay, though the Library continues as a flourishing institution of scholarly importance.<ref name="ram history" />[[File:The procession of Yusef Ali Khan.jpg|thumb|center|Nawab Yusef Ali Khan and his family escorted by Rampur and British troops to the encampment of Lord Canning]]

The Nawabs of Rampur sided with the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]],<ref name=EB1911/> which enabled them to retain influence in the social, political, and cultural life of northern India, particularly among Muslims of the United Provinces. Rampur also provided refuge to literary figures from the court of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar|Bahadur Shah ''Zafar'']].

=== Post-independence ===
Descendants of the [[Nawab|Nawabs]] include Murad Mian, the first child of [[Murtaza Ali Khan]] of Rampur, and [[Noor Bano (politician)|Begum Noor Bano]], widow of former Nawab's younger brother and ex-MP [[Zulfikar Ali Khan of Rampur|Zulfiquar Ali Khan]] of Rampur. Begum Noor Bano entered politics and was elected from Rampur parliamentary constituency in 1999, though she lost subsequent elections in 2004 and 2009 from Rampur and in 2014 from Moradabad. Murtaza Ali Khan and Zulfiquar Ali Khan (also known as Mikki Mia), who continued to use the title of Nawab ceremonially after independence and the abolition of princely states, are now deceased. Murtaza Ali contested an election from Rampur in 1972 against his mother Rafat Jamani Begum and won. Although the two brothers were political rivals, they never contested directly against each other. The family was later involved in smuggling scandals, some linked to Pakistan, where one of Murtaza Ali's sons had married. Raza Inter College, Hamid Inter College, and Murtaza Inter College are among the institutions named after three Nawabs.<ref name="Rampur temperature" />

The current titular Nawab of Rampur is Muhammad Murad Ali Khan Bahadur, eldest son of Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur. He succeeded his father in 1982. From 1993 to 2002 he served as a member of the Raza Library Board in Rampur.

== Geography ==
Rampur, located at 28°48′N latitude and 79°05′E longitude, is part of the [[Moradabad division]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It is bounded by [[Udham Singh Nagar district]] to the north, [[Bareilly]] district to the east, [[Moradabad]] district to the west, and [[Budaun|Badaun]] district to the south. Covering an area of 2,367 km<sup>2</sup>, Rampur lies at an elevation of 192 metres above sea level in the north and 166.4 metres in the south.<ref name="geo ram">[http://www.hoparoundindia.com/uttar-pradesh/city-guides/rampur.aspx Rampur Geography], hoparoundindia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2012.</ref> The district has extensive agricultural land. During the monsoon, after prolonged rainfall, the mountain ranges of [[Nainital]] are visible towards the north.

=== Climate ===
In summer, temperatures generally range between 30°C and 43°C, while in winter they range between 3°C and 25°C.<ref name="Rampur temperature">[http://www.nainitaltourism.com/rampur.html Rampur Climate], Nainital Tourism. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</ref>

{{Weather box
| location     = Rampur
| metric first = yes
| single line  = yes
| Jan high C = 17.1
| Feb high C = 20.5
| Mar high C = 25.6
| Apr high C = 32.4
| May high C = 31.4
| Jun high C = 31.7
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 29.4
| Sep high C = 29.1
| Oct high C = 27.8
| Nov high C = 24.7
| Dec high C = 20
| year high C = 26.16
| Jan low C = 7
| Feb low C = 9.1
| Mar low C = 11.2
| Apr low C = 15.7
| May low C = 17.4
| Jun low C = 17.7
| Jul low C = 19.2
| Aug low C = 21.5
| Sep low C = 19.2
| Oct low C = 13.2
| Nov low C = 12.1
| Dec low C = 8
| year low C = 15.58
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 18.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 24.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 12.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 12.4
| May precipitation mm = 21.6
| Jun precipitation mm = 111.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 198.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 227.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 99.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 27.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 6.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 9.0
| source = [http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Rampur-weather-averages/Uttar-Pradesh/IN.aspx WWO]
| date   = July 2012
}}

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Rampur city (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|70.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|28.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.00}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.52}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rampur had a population of 325,248, compared to 281,549 in 2001, reflecting a growth of 16% during 2001–2011. Males constituted 52.2% and females 47.8% of the population. The [[sex ratio]] was 915 females per 1,000 males, lower than the national average of 940. The average literacy rate was 53.7%, below the national average of 64.3%; male literacy stood at 56% and female literacy at 51%. Children under six years of age numbered 37,945, accounting for 11.7% of the population (compared to 14% in 2001).

Rampur has a Muslim majority population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=28770|title=Press Information Bureau English Releases|publisher=Pib.nic.in|access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> The surrounding region also has a significant [[Rohilla]] community.

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Rampur (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Urdu]] |value1 = 61.49 |color1 = green
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 37.11 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value3 = 0.90 |color3 = pink
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.50 |color4 = grey
|thumb=right
}}

At the time of the 2011 Census, 61.49% of the population reported [[Urdu]] as their first language, 37.11% [[Hindi]] (or a related language), and 0.90% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh (Town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Culture and Urdu poetry ==

Rampur is regarded as the third major centre of Urdu poetry after Delhi and Lucknow. Several prominent Urdu poets, including [[Daagh Dehlvi]], [[Ghalib|Mirza Ghalib]] and [[Amir Meenai]], were associated with the Rampur court. The Nawabs of Rampur were patrons of poetry and other fine arts, providing remuneration to poets attached to the ''darbar''.

=== Architecture ===
[[File:B16721LM.jpg|thumb|right|Small House Fort, now known as Raza Library]]

The rulers of Rampur had a distinct influence on the architecture of the region. The buildings and monuments display features of [[Mughal architecture]]. Some structures are centuries old and have undergone modifications over time.

One of the most notable monuments is the Fort of Rampur ([[Hindi]]:रामपुर का किला). It houses the [[Raza Library]] (also known as Hamid Manzil), formerly the palace of the Nawabs. The library holds a sizeable collection of Oriental manuscripts. The fort complex also contains an [[Husayniyya|Imambara]].

The ''Jama Masjid'' of Rampur is regarded as one of the finest examples of architecture in the city. It bears some resemblance to the [[Jama Mosque, Delhi|Jama Masjid in Delhi]].{{original research inline|date=March 2019}} It was constructed by Nawab [[Faizullah Khan]] and reflects Mughal stylistic elements. The mosque has multiple entry and exit gates, three domes, and four tall minarets topped with golden finials. The main entrance features a clock tower with a large clock imported from Britain.<ref name="rampur clock">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/94592664@N00/6556872453/in/photostream/ Rampur Jama Masjid history, flickr image], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>

Several city gates were also constructed by the Nawabs, such as Shahbad Gate, Nawab Gate and Bilaspur Gate.

=== Music ===
Rampur has been associated with Indian classical music since the early 19th century. The [[Rampur–Sahaswan gharana|Rampur-Sahaswan gharana]] of [[Hindustani classical music]] originated in the court of the Nawabs.

Ustad Mushtaq Hussain Khan, a court musician, was conferred the title ''Ratan'' by the Nawab of Rampur, who also gifted him a house in the Jail Road area of the city. He was the first recipient of the Padma Bhushan in classical music. Ustad Mehboob Khan, another court musician, was a khayal singer and veena player. His son, Ustad [[Inayat Hussain Khan]] (1849–1919), who lived in the Fort area, founded the Rampur-Sahaswan gharana and trained numerous disciples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ustadrashidkhan.com/gharana_hist.htm|title=The Gharana History – Ustad Rashid Khan|website=ustadrashidkhan.com}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
Rampuri cuisine, a branch of [[Mughlai cuisine]], developed in the royal kitchens of the Nawabs. It is known for its distinctive flavours and recipes passed down through generations. Notable dishes include ''Rampuri fish'', ''chicken changezi'', ''pasande haleem'', ''Rampuri korma'', ''Rampuri mutton kebabs'', ''doodhiya biryani'', ''dogoshta biryani'', ''adrak ka halwa'' and ''sohan halwa''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/01/22203755/The-culinary-cartographer.html|title=The culinary cartographer|date=22 January 2010|work=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=270513|title=Sharp cuts from the Rampuri!|date=7 January 2007|work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/77009/|title=Mutton Korma in Rampur|date=28 August 2005|work=Indian Express}}</ref>

=== Knife making ===
 
Rampur has traditionally been known for the ''[[Rampuri]] chaaku'', a type of knife that became popular in [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] crime thrillers during the 1960s and 1970s. The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] later banned the manufacture of knives with blades longer than 4.5 inches, leading to a decline in their production and popularity.<ref name="Rampuri" /><ref name="topnews.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.topnews.in/famed-rampuri-knives-may-soon-go-oblivion-296417|title=Famed Rampuri knives may soon go into oblivion |website=topnews.in}}</ref>

=== Rampur Greyhound ===
The [[Rampur Greyhound]] is a smooth-coated sighthound native to the region, often described as more substantially built than other greyhounds. It was a favoured hunting dog of the Nawabs, used for [[jackal coursing]] as well as hunting lions, tigers, leopards and panthers. [[Ahmad Ali Khan of Rampur|Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur]] bred the hounds by crossing the [[Afghan Hound|Tazi]] (Afghan hound) with the [[Greyhound|English Greyhound]].

=== Festivals ===
Religious practices form an important part of daily life in Rampur, as in much of India. Most festivals are religious in origin, although many are celebrated across communities. Major Hindu festivals include [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], [[Vijayadashami]], [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivaratri]], [[Rama Navami|Ram Navami]], [[Vasant Panchami|Basant Panchami]], [[Krishna Janmashtami]] and [[Raksha Bandhan]], which are also observed by Jains and Sikhs. Muslim festivals include [[Mawlid]], [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Adha]] and [[Muharram]]. [[Mahavira Janma Kalyanaka|Mahavir Jayanti]] is celebrated by Jains, [[Buddha's Birthday|Buddha Purnima]] by Buddhists, [[Guru Nanak Gurpurab|Guru Nanak Jayanti]] by Sikhs, and [[Good Friday]] and [[Christmas]] by Christians.

== Transport ==

===Rail===
[[File:Rampur Junction.jpg|thumb|[[Rampur Railway Station]]]]
[[Rampur Junction railway station|Rampur railway station]] (station code: RMU) lies on the [[Lucknow–Moradabad line]] and serves as a junction for the Kathgodam line, under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway. Important train connections include the [[Avadh Assam Express]], Jammu Tawi–Sealdah Express, [[Kashi Vishwanath Express]], Howrah–Amritsar Express, Ganga Sutlej Express and [[Satyagrah Express|Satyagraha Express]]. Reservation facilities are computerised. [[Moradabad Junction railway station|Moradabad railway station]] lies about 30 km to the west, while [[Bareilly Junction railway station|Bareilly railway station]] is the nearest major station to the south-east. The railway lines at Rampur junction are fully electrified.<ref name="Rampurrailway">[http://www.nainitaltourism.com/rampur.html Rampur Railway], Nainital Tourism, Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>

Other important trains passing through Rampur include the [[Delhi]]–[[Kathgodam]] Shatabdi Express, [[Delhi]]–[[Bareilly]] Intercity Express, [[Lucknow]]–[[Delhi]] Mail, [[Delhi]]–[[Kathgodam]] [[Ranikhet Express]], [[Bareilly]]–[[Bhuj]] Ala Hazrat Express and [[Amritsar]]–[[Howrah]] Mail.<ref name="ram rail">[http://www.railwayreservation.net/station/rampur.html Rampur Railway Reservation], railwayreservation.net, Retrieved 9 August 2012</ref>

=== Road ===
[[File:Rampur UPSRTC Depot.jpg|thumb|[[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|Roadways]] bus depot in Rampur.]]
[[National Highway 9 (India)|National Highway 9]] passes through Rampur.<ref name="ram highway">[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Rampur-50259.htm National Highway 87 and Rampur], india9.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref> Regular buses operate to [[Moradabad]] at intervals of about 30 minutes. Direct bus services are available to major cities including [[Delhi]], [[Lucknow]], [[Bareilly]], [[Aligarh]], [[Haridwar]], [[Rishikesh]], [[Kanpur]], Rupaidhiya and [[Agra]]. [[National Highway 530 (India)|National Highway 530]] originates in Rampur.

===Air===
Rampur is located within 70 km of multiple domestic airports. The nearest is [[Moradabad Airport]], around 17 km from the [[Rampur Junction railway station|railway station]], which began commercial operations in 2024 with direct flights to [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moradabad News: मुरादाबाद से लखनऊ का हवाई किराया AC ट्रेन से सस्ता, एक दशक बाद पीतल नगरी से उड़ी फ्लाइट |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/moradabad/moradabad-airport-begin-first-flight-service-on-10-august-for-lucknow-know-fare-and-timing/2377246 |access-date=26 October 2024 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

{{Multiple image
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Moradabad Airport Front View.jpg
| image2            = Bareilly Airport.png
| alt1              = Moradabad Airport
| caption1          = Moradabad Airport
| alt2              = Bareilly Airport
| caption2          = Bareilly Airport
}}

Other nearby airports include [[Pantnagar Airport]], about 58 km away, and [[Bareilly Airport]], about 69 km from the city centre. Bareilly Airport is the best connected, with regular flights to [[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]] and [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]]. The nearest international airport is [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] in New Delhi. 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="#99ccff"
! Nearest Airport
! Symbol
! Distance (in km)
|-
|Moradabad
|MZS
|12
|-
|Pantnagar
|PGH
|58
|-
|Bareilly
|BEK
|65
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]]
| DED
| 175
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| New Delhi
| DEL
| 187
|}

== Places of interest ==

=== Jama Masjid ===
[[File:Jama Masjid rampur.jpg|thumb|Jama Masjid, Rampur]]
The foundation of the Jama Masjid in Rampur was laid by [[Nawab]] [[Faizullah Khan]].<ref name="rampur clock" /> It was constructed at a cost of ₹3,00,000 and later completed by [[Nawab]] [[Kalb Ali Khan]].<ref name="ram history" />

The area around the mosque developed into a commercial hub, known today as the Shadab Market. A jewellery market called ''Sarrafa'' also exists in its vicinity. The shops, rented out to traders to meet the mosque's requirements, are owned by both Hindus and Muslims, and attract customers from both communities. The market is often cited as a symbol of communal harmony in the city.<ref name="jama rampur">[http://www.indiablooms.com/VideoDetails/2012/videoDetails090712e1.php Communal harmony in Rampur] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302033655/http://www.indiablooms.com/VideoDetails/2012/videoDetails090712e1.php |date=2 March 2014}}, ''India Blooms'', Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>

=== Raza Library ===
[[File:Raza Library.jpg|thumb|right|Raza Library, Rampur]]

The Raza Library was established by [[Nawab]] [[Faizullah Khan]], who ruled Rampur from 1774 to 1794, with his personal collection of manuscripts and specimens of [[Islamic calligraphy]] in the late 18th century. It is regarded as one of the largest libraries in Asia. Successive [[Nawab|Nawabs]] expanded the collection, particularly during the reign of Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan (1794–1840).<ref name="ram raza">[http://razalibrary.gov.in/history.asp Rampur Raza Library history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222005/http://razalibrary.gov.in/history.asp |date=4 March 2016}}, razalibrary.gov.in, Retrieved 9 July 2012</ref>

The library holds a rare and extensive collection of [[Manuscript|manuscripts]], historical documents, miniature paintings, [[Astronomy|astronomical]] instruments, and works in multiple languages, including [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto]], Tamil, and Turkish. It also houses approximately 30,000 printed books and periodicals.<ref name="ram raza" />

=== Rampur Planetarium ===

Rampur Planetarium is India's first digital laser technology based [[planetarium]]. The building is complete and equipped, with data said to be directly updated by [[NASA]].<ref name="ram planet">[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-a-first-nasa-to-directly-update-rampur-planetarium-database/928111/ Rampur Planetarium to be updated by NASA], ''The Indian Express'', Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>

=== Gandhi Samadhi ===

The Gandhi Samadhi is a memorial dedicated to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. It commemorates his role in the struggle for India's independence from the [[British Raj]].

=== Kothi Khas Bagh ===

Kothi Khas Bagh is a palace located in Rampur, about 30 km east of [[Moradabad]] in Uttar Pradesh. Once the residence of the [[Nawab|Nawabs]] of Rampur, the palace is set within a 300-acre compound and has about 200 rooms. Built in a European style with a blend of [[Islamic architecture]] and [[Architecture of the United Kingdom|British architecture]], it included private apartments, offices, music rooms, and a personal cinema hall. The halls feature Burma teak interiors and Belgium glass chandeliers, while the main staircase is made of Italian marble. A statue of [[Kalb Ali Khan]], the second Nawab of Rampur, is a notable feature. The palace is currently in a dilapidated condition due to age and neglect.<ref name="ram koti khas bagh">[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kothi-Khas-Bagh-15572.htm Rampur Kothi Khas Bagh], india9.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>

=== Ambedkar Park ===

Ambedkar Park is a memorial dedicated to [[B. R. Ambedkar|Bhimrao Ambedkar]]. The park contains a statue of Ambedkar and a faux mountain structure that provides a view of the surroundings. A railway line runs along its boundary.

=== Aryabhatt Planetarium === 
The [[Aryabhatt Planetarium]] was established in 2012 by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh Government]] as a science museum to educate the public about astronomical events, lunar eclipses, and related phenomena.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-18 |title=UP CM changes name of Rampur's Bhimrao Ambedkar Planetarium, Mayawati cries foul |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uttar-pradesh-chief-minister-changes-name-of-rampur-bhimrao-ambedkar-planetarium-mayawati-cries-foul-116385-2012-09-18 |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:Mumtaz Library 2.jpg|thumb|[[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]], the first university to be established in Rampur]]

The education sector in Rampur and its surrounding villages has been developing with new investments. The city has several secondary and higher secondary schools as well as colleges. Educational institutions in Rampur attract students from neighbouring areas such as Kashipur-Anga, Kemri and Bilaspur, as a number of higher education institutions affiliated with [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University|M. J. P. Rohilkhand University]], [[Bareilly]], have been established in the city.

Despite the presence of many institutions, Rampur has an average literacy rate of 53.34%, which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy stands at 61.40%, while female literacy is 44.44%.<ref name="Rampur literacy">[http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/507-rampur.html Rampur Literacy], census2011.co.in, Retrieved 7 July 2012.</ref> [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]] is the first university to be established in Rampur.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muhammad Ali Jauhar University inaugurated|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/4280-muhammad-ali-jauhar-university-inaugurated|access-date=3 November 2016|agency=The Milli Gazette|issue=1–15 October 2012|date=18 November 2012}}</ref>

Public and government primary schools also play a crucial role in education, particularly in the rural areas of the district. Newer institutions such as the Impact College of Science & Technology have also been established.

{{Cleanup list|date=November 2021}} 

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid black" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"
|- 
! Names of Educational Institutes
! Affiliation With
|- 
| [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]]
|Private
|- 
| [[Government Girls Post Graduate College, Rampur]]
| [[M. J. P. Rohilkhand University]]
|-
| [[St. John Vianney School]]<ref>[https://stjohntanda.org/ St. John Vianney School Tanda]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Sunway Senior Secondary School]]<ref>[http://www.sunwayschool.com/ Sunway Senior Secondary School]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Dubai Public School, Rampur]]<ref>[https://dubaipublicschool.ae Dubai Public School, Rampur]</ref>
|C.B.S.E. pattern / English Medium
|- 
| [[DMA Sr. Sec. School]]<ref>[http://www.dmarampur.com/ DMA Sr. Sec. School]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Whitehall Public School]]<ref>[http://whitehallpublicschool.com Whitehall Public School]</ref>
|CBSE Board, New Delhi
|-
| [[East West Senior Secondary School]]<ref>[https://ewpsrampur.in/ East West Secondary School]</ref>
| [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|-
| [[Apex Group of Institutions]]<ref>[http://apex.ac.in/ Apex Group of Institutions]</ref>
|[[UPTU]]  & [[M.J.P. Rohilkhand University|MJPRU]], Kaushalganj, Rampur 
|-
|[[Smart Indian Model School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smart Indian Model School (SIMS) – Rampur – Learning Today …… Leading Tomorrow |url=https://simsrampur.com/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[CBSE Centre of Excellence Kochi|CBSE Board]], New Delhi
|}

==Economy==

=== Industry and agriculture ===
Rampur has a predominantly agriculture-based economy, with fertile land but limited industrial activity and virtually no mineral extraction. The main industries in Rampur include [[winemaking]], sugar processing, textile weaving, and the manufacture of agricultural implements. An inoperative sugar mill, closed in 1999 due to political disputes, is now being revived with state government approval.<ref name="Rampur sugarmill">[http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/article2951285.ece Rampur sugar mill lies in ruins], The Hindu, Retrieved 7 August 2012</ref>

The major cash crop of the region is [[mentha]], and menthol oil production is a significant economic activity.<ref name="Mentha rampur">[http://www.menthaallied.com/ Mentha work in Rampur], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>

The company formerly known as Rampur Distillery & Chemical Company Ltd., now [[Radico Khaitan]], was established in Rampur in 1943 and is India's second-largest liquor manufacturer. The Rampur distillery produces high-grade Extra Neutral Spirits (ENA) from molasses and grain, with an annual capacity of 75 million litres of molasses ENA, 30 million litres of grain neutral spirits, and 460,000 litres of malt whisky.<ref name="ram distil">[http://www.radicokhaitan.com/rampurdistillery.html Rampur distillery], Radicokhaitan.com, Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>

Rampur also has a long-standing kite-making industry, producing kites in various sizes and shapes that are in demand across [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Another notable industry is [[beedi]] manufacturing. Rampur was also famous for its knives, known as ''[[Rampuri]] Chaaku''; however, the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] later banned the manufacture of knives with blades longer than 4.5 inches, reducing their prevalence.<ref name="topnews.in"/>

===Other establishments===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor=#99ccff
! Name
! Category
! Installation year
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Kapil Menthol & Allied Products, Rampur<ref name="ram distil"/>
| [[Mentha]] oil
| 1998
|- 
| style="text-align:left;" | Indian Toners & Developers Ltd., Rampur<ref name="ram Toner">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantoners.com/about_us.aspx|title=About Indian Toners & Developers Ltd.|access-date=25 July 2014}}</ref>
| Export Quality Toner Manufacturing Plant
| 1992
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Radico Khaitan Ltd, Rampur<ref name="Mentha rampur"/>
| 
| 1943
|- 
| style="text-align:left;" | Xerox Modi Corp., Rampur(Closed)<ref name="xerox">[http://www.source2update.com/Company-History/Modi-Xerox-MODXER.html# Modi Xerox], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
| Makers of all types of Toners, Developers for Photocopiers
| 1987
|- 
| style="text-align:left;" | Titanor Components Limited, Rampur<ref name="metal anodes">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/Company/Background/Company-Profile/DE-Nora-India-Ltd/590031 |title=Share/Stock Market Investment, Financial & Share Market News, Mutual Funds & BSE/NSE Live Index Updates â€" IndiaInfoline |website=www.indiainfoline.com |access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref>
| Metal Anodes, water electrolysers, [[Electrochlorination|electro-chlorinators]] & cathodic protection systems
| 1983
|- 
| style="text-align:left;" | Wheels India Ltd, Rampur<ref name="wheels india">[http://www.wheelsindia.com/rampur.html Wheels India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421155658/http://www.wheelsindia.com/rampur.html |date=21 April 2012 }}, Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>
| Makers of Wheel Bases for all type of Vehicles
| 1960
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Enlog India, Rampur
| Photovoltaic Industry
| 1995
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Bigarette & Co., Rampur
| Herbal Products
| 1948
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Kemper Herbal Pvt. Ltd, Rampur
| Herbal Goods and Mixture
| 2002
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Rampur Fertilizers Ltd, Rampur
| Makers of Single Super Phosphate, Sulphuric Acid & Alum
| 1960
|}

The major crops grown in the district include maize, sugarcane, and rice. Most crops are used for local consumption rather than commercial sale.<ref name="ram agricultute">[http://www.hoparoundindia.com/uttar-pradesh/city-guides/rampur.aspx Rampur agriculture], Retrieved 8 July 2012</ref>

'''Economic development indicators'''<ref name=EconomicdevelopmentIndicators>{{cite web|url=http://www.raftaar.in/Elections/ET/Details/Uttar%20Pradesh/Pilibhit/|title=Economic development indicators|access-date=22 April 2009|publisher=Raftaar.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" width=80% style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|-
! Indicators
! 2004
! 2008
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Work Participation Rate]]
| 28%
| 27%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | No. of Branches of [[Scheduled Bank|Scheduled Commercial Bank]]
| 99
| 100
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Habitations connected to pucca roads
| 89%
| 93%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Electrified households
| 38%
| 40%
|- 
| style="text-align:left;" | Houses with land-line connections
| 10%
| 14%
|- 
| style="text-align:left;" | Avg annual [[per capita income]]
| Rs. 70,163
| Rs. 75,314
|- 
| style="text-align:left;" | Per capita expenditure
| Rs. 19,120
| Rs. 8,318
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Inflation rate|Inflation Index]]
| 1.14%
| 1.38%
|}

== Communication and media ==

=== Communication networks ===
All major telecommunication service providers in India offer services in Rampur.

{| class="wikitable" width=75% style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|- 
! width="33%" |[[GSM]] Service Providers
! width="33%" |[[CDMA]] Service Providers
! width="33%" |Broadband Service Providers
|- 
| [[Idea Cellular]] ([[Idea Cellular|Escotel]])
| [[MTS India|MTS]]
| [[Uninor]] ([[Unitech Wireless|Unitech Wireless Tamil Nadu Pvt. Ltd.]])
|-
| [[CellOne]]
| [[Tata Indicom]]
| [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]] Broadband
|- 
| [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]]
| [[BSNL|BSNL WLL]]
| [[Sify|Sify iWay]]
|- 
| [[Vodafone|Vodafone-IN]] ([[Vodafone|Hutch]])
| [[Aircel]]
| Spice
|- 
| [[Aircel]]
| [[Reliance Communications]]
|
|}

=== Radio services ===
Radio services available in Rampur include [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]].

{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|- 
! Service Provider
! Frequency
! Service Provider
! Frequency
|- 
| [[All India Radio]]
| MW 336.7m or 891&nbsp;kHz
| [[All India Radio]]
| FM 102.90&nbsp;MHz
|}

=== Print media ===
Hindi daily newspapers published in Rampur include ''[[Amrit Vichar]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.amritvichar.com/category/16/rampur|title=Amrit Vichar|website=amritvichar.com|access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', ''[[Amar Ujala]]'', and ''The Hindustan''. Prominent English dailies such as ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[Hindustan Times|The Hindustan Times]]'', ''[[The Young Turk]]'', and ''[[The Indian Express|Indian Express]]'' have comparatively fewer readers in the city. The local Urdu newspaper, ''Rampur ka Elaan'', has been published in Rampur since 1991.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rampurkaelaan.com/about_us.php?id=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602020100/http://rampurkaelaan.com/about_us.php?id=1 |archive-date=2012-06-02 |title=About Us | url-status=usurped |website=Rampur ka Elaan}}</ref>

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Mohammad Ali (actor)|Mohammad Ali]], Pakistani actor
* [[Baldev Singh Aulakh]], Indian politician and minister in the Uttar Pradesh government
* [[Maulana Azad]], first Education Minister of India and former President of India
* [[Obaidullah Baig]], Pakistani scholar, Urdu writer, columnist, media expert, and documentary filmmaker
* [[Athar Shah Khan Jaidi]], Pakistani comedian and writer, born in Rampur
* [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]], journalist, scholar, political activist, and poet
* [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]], Indian politician of the [[Samajwadi Party]]
* [[Zulfikar Ali Khan of Rampur|Zulfikar Ali Khan]], Nawab of Rampur and former Member of Parliament
* [[Murad (actor)|Hamid Ali Murad]], known as [[Murad (actor)|Murad]], Indian actor
* [[Raza Murad]], Bollywood actor, born and brought up in Rampur
* [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]], Indian politician and cabinet minister in the [[Premiership of Narendra Modi|Modi government]]
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], Bollywood actor, brought up in Rampur
* [[Baba Rampuri]], American-born Naga Sadhu and ascetic who emigrated to India
* [[Rukhsar Rehman]], Indian film and television actress and model
* [[Javed Siddiqui]], Indian writer and screenwriter
* [[Shama Zaidi]], screenwriter, theatre actress, documentary filmmaker, costume designer, art director, and journalist

== References ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

== Bibliography ==
* Syed Asghar Ali Shadami, ''Ahwalay Riyasatay Rampur (Tarikhi wa Maashrati Pusmanzar),'' ed. Rizwanullah Khan Enayati
* ''Tanzim Ahbab Rampur Karachi Nagin Chowrangee,'' a great masterpiece from Tanzeem

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Rampur, Uttar Pradesh}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/r/rampur.html Genealogy of Rampur (Princely State)]
*[http://razalibrary.gov.in/ The Rampur Raza Library: Official Website]
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060716/spectrum/art.htm B. N. Goswamy, "A great collection in a small place", ''The Tribune'' (July 16, 2006)]

{{Rampur district}}
{{Historical regions of Rohilkhand}}
{{Moradabad division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rampur, Uttar Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:Rohilkhand]]
[[Category:Rohilla]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]