View source for Rehe Province

{{Short description|Former province of China}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=May 2011}}
{{No footnotes|date=October 2024}}
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{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Rehe
| native_name        = 熱河
| native_name_lang   = zh-hant
| other_name         = Jehol
| official_name      = Province of Rehe
| settlement_type    = [[Province of China|Province]]
| image_map          = Republic of China edcp location map (disputed territories) Jehol.svg
| mapsize            = 275px
| map_caption        = Location in the Republic of China
| image_map1         = PRC-Rehe.png
| mapsize1           = 275px
| map_caption1       = Location in the People's Republic of China
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{Unbulleted list|[[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]|[[China|People's Republic of China]]}}
| established_title  = Jehol Special Administrative Region
| established_date   = 1914
| established_title1 = Established
| established_date1  = 1923
| extinct_title      = Abolished
| extinct_date       = 1955
| seat_type          = Capital
| seat               = [[Chengde]]
| area_total_km2     = 179,982
| population_as_of   = 1947
| population_total   = 6,106,974
| population_density_km2 = auto
| total_type         = Total
| blank_name         = Preceded by
| blank_info         = [[Zhili]]
| blank1_name        = Succeeded by
| blank1_info        = {{ubl|[[Hebei]]|[[Liaoning]]|[[Inner Mongolia]]}}
}}
{{chinese
| s = {{linktext|热河|省}}
| t = {{linktext|熱河|省}}
| psp = Jehol Province|
| p = Rèhé Shěng
| w = Jê-ho Sheng
| l = Hot River Province
| mong = ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ
| altname = Rehe Special Area
| t2 = {{linktext|熱河|特別區}}
| s2 = {{linktext|热河|特别区}}
| psp2 = Jehol Special Area
| p2 = Rèhé Tèbiéqū
| w2 = Jê-ho T'e-pieh-ch'ü
| mong2 = 
}}

'''Rehe'''<!--Chinese already in infobox; see WP:MOS-ZH-->, [[Chinese postal romanization|previously romanized]] as '''Jehol''', was a former Chinese special administrative region and [[provinces of China|province]] centered on the city of [[Rehe]], now known as [[Chengde]].

== Administration ==
Rehe was north of the [[Great Wall of China]] and east of [[Mongolia]] in southwestern [[Manchuria]]. Its capital and largest city was [[Chengde]]. The second largest city was [[Chaoyang, Liaoning|Chaoyang]], followed by [[Chifeng]]. The province covered 114,000 square kilometers.

== History ==
Rehe was once at the core of the [[Khitan people|Khitan]]-led [[Liao dynasty|Liao Dynasty]]. Rehe was conquered by the [[Manchu]] [[Eight Banners|banners]] before they took possession of Beijing in 1644. Between 1703 and 1820, the Qing emperors spent almost each summer in their summer [[Chengde Mountain Resort|Mountain Resort]] in Chengde. They governed the empire from Chengde, and received their foreign diplomats and representatives of vassal and tributary countries. The [[Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi emperor]] restricted the admission to the forests and prairies of Rehe to the court's hunting expeditions and to the maintenance of the imperial cavalry. Agricultural settlements were at first forbidden to [[Han Chinese]]. In the early 19th century, by which time Rehe had become part of the province of [[Zhili]], migrants from Hebei and Liaoning settled in Rehe and displaced the Mongol communities.

The [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] created the '''Jehol Special Area''' in 1914 and '''Jehol Province''' in 1923. To form a [[buffer zone]] between China proper and Japanese-controlled [[Manchukuo]], the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] invaded Jehol in [[Operation Nekka]] on 21 January 1933. It was subsequently annexed by the Empire of Manchukuo, as Jehol Province. The seizure of Jehol deteriorated relations between Japan and China, and was one of the incidents that led to the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]].

At the end of [[World War II]], when the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] resumed control of Manchuria, the [[Kuomintang]] government continued to administer the area as a separate province, reverting its name to Jehol Province, with its capital in [[Hailar, China|Hailar]]. After the [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] victory in the [[Chinese Civil War]], establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]], and enactment of [[pinyin]] in 1958, the area has retrospectively become known as '''Rehe Province'''. However, the province had already been divided between [[Hebei Province]], [[Liaoning Province]], [[Tianjin]], and [[Inner Mongolia]] in 1955.

== Bibliography ==
*Hedin, Sven (1933). ''Jehol: City of Emperors''. Reprint (2000): Pilgrim's Book House, Varanasi. {{ISBN|81-7769-009-4}}.
*Forêt, Philippe (2000). "Mapping Chengde. The Qing Landscape Enterprise". 2000: University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. {{ISBN|0-8248-2293-5}}.

{{Defunct Chinese provinces}}
{{Suspended ROC provinces}}
{{Defunct PRC provinces}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord missing|China}}

[[Category:Rehe Province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Republic of China (1912–1949)]]
[[Category:Former provinces of China]]
[[Category:Provinces of Manchukuo]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1923]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1955]]