View source for René Magritte

{{Short description|Belgian painter (1898–1967)}}
{{Redirect|Magritte|the asteroid named after the artist|7933 Magritte}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox artist 
| name = René Magritte
| image = Portrait en buste du peintre surréaliste René Magritte (1898-1967) le 18 octobre 1961 devant une de ses toiles, PH19994.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Magritte in front of his painting ''La perspective amoureuse'', 1961
| birth_name = René François Ghislain Magritte
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|11|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lessines]], Belgium
| death_date = {{death date and age|1967|8|15|1898|11|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Brussels]], Belgium 
| field = Painter
| training =
| movement = [[Surrealism]]
| works = ''[[The Treachery of Images]]''<br />''[[The Son of Man]]''<br />''[[The Human Condition (Magritte)|The Human Condition]]''<br />''[[Golconda (Magritte)|Golconda]]''<br />''[[The Menaced Assassin]]''
| patrons =
| awards =
| signature = Magritte, Rene 1898–1967 Signature.svg
}}

'''René François Ghislain Magritte''' ({{IPA|fr|ʁəne fʁɑ̃swa ɡilɛ̃ maɡʁit|lang}}; 21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgian [[surrealist]] artist known for his depictions of familiar objects in unfamiliar, unexpected contexts, which often provoked questions about the nature and boundaries of reality and representation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=René Magritte {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/3692 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> His imagery has influenced [[pop art]], [[minimalist art]], and [[conceptual art]].<ref name="Calvocoressi 1990, p. 26"/>

==Early life==
René Magritte was born in [[Lessines]], in the province of [[Hainaut (province)|Hainaut]] in Belgium, in 1898. He was the oldest son of Léopold Magritte, a [[tailor]] and textile merchant,<ref name="Meuris216">Meuris 1991, p 216.</ref> and Régina ([[née]] Bertinchamps), who was a [[Hatmaking|milliner]] before she got married. Little is known about Magritte's early life. He began lessons in drawing in 1910.<ref name="Meuris216"/>

On 24 February 1912, his mother died by [[suicide]], drowning herself in the [[River Sambre]] at [[Châtelet, Belgium|Châtelet]].<ref name="Abadie274"/> It was not her first suicide attempt. Her body was not discovered until 12 March, 16 days later.<ref name="Abadie274">Abadie 2003, p. 274.</ref> According to a legend, 13-year-old Magritte was present when her body was retrieved from the water, but recent research{{when|date=February 2024}} has discredited this story, which may have originated with the family nurse.<ref name="Cal9">Calvocoressi 1990, p. 9.</ref> Supposedly, when his mother was found, her dress was covering her face, an image that has been suggested as the source of several of Magritte's paintings in 1927–28 of people with cloth obscuring their faces, including ''Les Amants''.<ref name="nga">{{cite web|url=https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/148052 |title=National Gallery of Australia &#124; Les Amants [The lovers&#93; |publisher=Nga.gov.au |access-date=2010-10-14}}</ref>

==Career==
Magritte's earliest paintings, which date to about 1915, were [[Impressionism|Impressionistic]].<ref name="Cal9" /> In 1916–18, he studied at the {{lang|fr|[[Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts]]|italic=no}} in [[Brussels]],<ref name="Guggenheim">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/rene-magritte|title=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation|website=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation}}</ref> under [[Constant Montald]], but found the instruction uninspiring.<ref name="Cal9" /> He also took classes at the Académie Royale from the painter and poster designer [[Gisbert Combaz]].<ref>Gisèle Ollinger-Zinque and Frederik Leen (Ed.), ''Magritte, 1898-1967'', Musées royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique, Ludion Press, 1998, p. 308</ref> The paintings he produced between 1918 and 1924 were influenced by [[Futurism]] and the figurative [[Cubism]] of [[Jean Metzinger|Metzinger]].<ref name="Cal9" />

From December 1920 to September 1921, Magritte served in the Belgian infantry in the [[Flanders|Flemish]] town of [[Beverlo]] near [[Leopoldsburg]]. In 1922, he married Georgette Berger, whom he had met as a child in 1913.<ref name="Meuris216" /> Also in 1922, the poet [[Marcel Lecomte]] showed Magritte a reproduction of [[Giorgio de Chirico]]'s ''[[The Song of Love]]'' (painted in 1914). The work brought Magritte to tears; he described this as "one of the most moving moments of my life: my eyes ''saw'' thought for the first time".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/10/25/rene-magritte-every-time-i-look-at-it-i-feel-ill/|title=Every Time I Look at It I Feel Ill|last=Marler|first=Regina|journal=New York Review of Books|date=2018-10-25|access-date=2019-01-22|language=en|issn=0028-7504}}</ref> The paintings of the Belgian symbolist painter [[William Degouve de Nuncques]] have also been noted as an influence on Magritte, specifically ''The Blind House'' (1892) and Magritte's variations or series on ''The Empire of Lights''.<ref name="Cassou (1984)">Cassou, Jean (1984) ''The Concise Encyclopaedia of Symbolism''. Chartwell Books, Inc. Secaucus, New Jersey. 292 pp. {{ISBN|0-89009-706-2}}</ref>{{rp|64–65 pp.}}

In 1922–23, Magritte worked as a [[Drafter|draughtsman]] in a [[wallpaper]] factory, and he was a poster and advertisement designer until 1926, when a contract with Galerie Le Centaure in [[Brussels]] made it possible for him to paint full-time. In 1926, Magritte produced his first surreal painting, ''The Lost Jockey'' (''Le jockey perdu''), and in 1927 he held his first solo exhibition in Brussels.<ref name="Guggenheim" /> It was poorly reviewed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cotter |first=Holland |date=2013-09-26 |title=There's More Than Meets the Eye |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/27/arts/design/a-rene-magritte-survey-at-the-museum-of-modern-art.html |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Depressed by the failure, he moved to Paris, where he became friends with [[André Breton]] and became involved in the [[surrealism|Surrealist]] group. An illusionistic, dream-like quality is characteristic of Magritte's version of Surrealism. He became a leading member of the movement and remained in Paris for three years.<ref name="rene">{{cite book|last=Barnes|first=Rachel |title=The 20th-Century Art Book|year=2001|publisher=Phaidon Press|location=London|isbn=0714835420|edition=Reprinted.}}</ref> In 1929, he was put under contract at Goemans Gallery in Paris along with [[Jean Arp]] and [[Yves Tanguy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Camille Goemans - Matteson Art |url= http://www.mattesonart.com/camille-goemans.aspx |access-date= 2024-07-13 |website= Mattesonart}}</ref>

On 15 December 1929, Magritte participated in the last publication, No. 12, of ''[[La Révolution surréaliste]]'', with his essay "Les mots et les images", where words play with images in sync with his work ''[[The Treachery of Images]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://inventin.lautre.net/livres/La-revolution-surrealiste-12.pdf|title= Revolution surrealiste nb 12 |website=Inventin}}</ref>

Galerie Le Centaure closed at the end of 1929, ending Magritte's contract income. Having made little impact in Paris, Magritte returned to Brussels in 1930 and resumed working in advertising.<ref name="Meuris217">Meuris 1991, p. 217.</ref> He and his brother, Paul, formed an agency, which earned him a living wage. In 1932, Magritte joined the [[Communist Party of Belgium|Communist Party]], which he periodically left and rejoined for several years.<ref name="Meuris217" /> Between 1930 and 1932, Magritte had no exhibitions and sold no work.<ref name=Willsher>{{cite web |last= Willsher |first= Kim |date= 5 October 2025 |title= René Magritte’s ‘superstar of surrealism’ to go on sale in Paris |url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/oct/05/rene-magritte-superstar-of-surrealism-la-magie-noire-to-go-on-sale-in-paris |website= The Guardian |accessdate= 6 October 2025}}</ref> During this period, he was financially supported by a monthly stipend arranged by Belgian playwright Claude Spaak, the husband of [[Catherine Spaak]]. In 1934, Suzanne Spaak's sister, Alice Lorge, purchased Magritte's ''La Magie Noire''.<ref name=Willsher/> This was the first of a series of 11 paintings that featured Magritte’s wife, Georgette Berger, in a classical nude pose.<ref name=Willsher/> Claude Spaak also commissioned portraits of his wife and children from Magritte.<ref name=Willsher/> 

In 1936, Magritte had his first solo exhibition in the United States at the Julien Levy Gallery in [[New York City|New York]], followed by an exposition at the London Gallery in 1938.<ref>Meuris 1991, p. 221.</ref>

Between 1934 and 1937, Magritte drew film posters under the pseudonym 'Emair' for the German sound film distributor [[Tobis-Klangfilm|Tobis Klangfilm]]. The Leuven City Archive preserves seven posters designed by Magritte.

During the early stages of his career, the British surrealist patron [[Edward James]] allowed Magritte to stay rent-free in his London home, where Magritte studied architecture and painted. James is featured in two of Magritte's 1937 paintings, ''Le Principe du Plaisir'' (''The Pleasure Principle'') and ''La Reproduction Interdite'', also known as ''[[Not to Be Reproduced]]''.<ref>"Professor Bram Hammacher", The Edward James Foundation souvenir guide, edited Peter Sarginson, 1992.</ref>

During the [[German occupation of Belgium during World War II|German occupation of Belgium]] in World War II, he remained in Brussels, which led to a break with Breton. He briefly adopted a colorful, painterly style in 1943–44, an interlude known as his "[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir|Renoir]] period", as a reaction to his feelings of alienation and abandonment that came with living in German-occupied Belgium.<ref>Meuris 1991, p. 56.</ref>

In 1946, renouncing the violence and [[pessimism]] of his earlier work, he joined several other Belgian artists in signing the manifesto ''Surrealism in Full Sunlight''.<ref>Meuris 1991, p. 218.</ref> During 1947–48, Magritte's "Vache period", he painted in a provocative and crude [[Fauvism|Fauve]] style. During this time, he supported himself by producing fake Picassos, [[Georges Braque|Braques]], and de Chiricos—a fraudulent repertoire he later expanded into the printing of forged banknotes during the lean postwar period. This venture was undertaken alongside his brother, Paul, and fellow Surrealist and "surrogate son" [[Marcel Mariën]], to whom had fallen the task of selling the forgeries.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/ceci-nest-pas-an-artist-1147477.html | work=The Independent | location=London | title=Ceci n'est pas an artist | first=Andrew | last=Lambith | date=28 February 1998 | access-date=22 May 2010}}</ref> At the end of 1948, Magritte returned to the style and themes of his pre-war surrealistic art.<ref>Meuris 1991, p. 61.</ref>

In France, Magritte's work has been showcased in a number of retrospective exhibitions, most recently at the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]] (2016–17). In the U.S., his work has been featured in three retrospective exhibitions: at the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in 1965, the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in 1992, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art again in 2013. The 2018 exhibition, "The Fifth Season" at the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]], focused on the work of his later years.<ref>Marler, Regina (25 October 2018). "Every Time I Look at It I Feel Ill". ''The New York Review of Books''. pp 8–12.</ref>

Politically, Magritte stood to the left, and retained close ties to the Communist Party, even in the postwar years. But he was critical of the functionalist cultural policy of the Communist left, saying, "Class consciousness is as necessary as bread; but that does not mean that workers must be condemned to bread and water and that wanting chicken and champagne would be harmful. [...] For the Communist painter, the justification of artistic activity is to create pictures that can represent mental luxury." While remaining committed to the political left, he thus advocated a certain autonomy of art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autodidactproject.org/quote/magritte.html |title=René Magritte on the Revolutionary Artist vs. Folk Art & Stalinism |access-date=2014-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musee-magritte-museum.be/Typo3/index.php?id=15 |title=Musee Magritte Museum |access-date=2014-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903234654/http://www.musee-magritte-museum.be/Typo3/index.php?id=15 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Spiritually, Magritte was an agnostic.<ref>{{cite book|title=René Magritte, 1898-1967|year=1994|publisher=Benedikt Taschen|isbn=9783822805466|page=[https://archive.org/details/renemagritte18980000meur_h1e1/page/70 70]|author=Jacques Meuris|quote=We shall not at this juncture risk analyzing an agnostic Magritte haunted perhaps by thoughts of ultimate destiny. "We behave as if there were no God" (Marien 1947).|url=https://archive.org/details/renemagritte18980000meur_h1e1/page/70}}</ref>

Popular interest in Magritte's work rose considerably in the 1960s, and his imagery has influenced [[Pop art|pop]], [[Minimalist art|minimalist]], and [[conceptual art]].<ref name="Calvocoressi 1990, p. 26">Calvocoressi 1990, p. 26.</ref> In 2005, he was 9th in the [[French Community of Belgium|Walloon]] version of ''[[De Grootste Belg]]'' (''The Greatest Belgian''); in the [[Flanders|Flemish]] version he was 18th.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==Personal life==
Magritte married Georgette Berger in June 1922. Georgette was the daughter of a butcher in Charleroi, and first met Magritte when she was 13 and he was 15. They met again seven years later in Brussels in 1920<ref name=mattesonbiog>{{cite web |title= René Magritte: This is Not A Biography |url= http://www.mattesonart.com/biography.aspx |publisher= Matteson Art |access-date= 2015-09-22}}</ref> and Georgette, who had also studied art, became Magritte's model, muse, and wife.<ref>{{Cite book |last= Baldacci |first= Paolo |title= De Chirico, Max Ernst, Magritte, Balthus: A Look Into the Invisible |publisher= Mandragora |year= 2010 |isbn= 9788874611522 |pages= 11}}</ref>

In 1936, Magritte's marriage became troubled when he met a young performance artist, [[Sheila Legge]], and began an affair with her. Magritte arranged for his friend, Paul Colinet, to entertain and distract Georgette, but this led to an affair between Georgette and Colinet. Magritte and his wife did not reconcile until 1940.<ref>{{cite web|title=René Magritte: This is Not A Biography (1939-1940 Marital Difficulties- World War II Approaches)|url=http://www.mattesonart.com/biography.aspx |publisher=Matteson Art |access-date=2015-09-22}}</ref>

Magritte died of [[pancreatic cancer]] on 15 August 1967, aged 68, and was interred in [[Schaerbeek Cemetery]], [[Evere]], Brussels.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Danchev |first1=Alex |title=Magritte: A Life |last2=Whitfield |first2=Sarah |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |year=2021 |isbn=9780307908193 |pages=351}}</ref>

==Philosophical and artistic gestures==
[[File:The Empire of Light MOMA.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''[[The Empire of Light]]'', c. 1950–1954, [[Museum of Modern Art]]]]
{{Quote box |quote= It is a union that suggests the essential mystery of the world. Art for me is not an end in itself, but a means of evoking that mystery.|source= René Magritte on putting seemingly unrelated objects together in juxtaposition<ref>Glueck, Grace, [https://www.nytimes.com/1965/12/19/archives/a-bottle-is-a-bottle.html "A Bottle Is a Bottle"]; ''[[The New York Times]]'', 19 December 1965.</ref> |align= right |width= 400px}}
Magritte's work frequently displays a collection of ordinary objects in an unusual context, giving new meanings to familiar things. The use of objects as other than what they seem typifies his work<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://photographemarocain.com/rene-magritte-maitre-surrealiste/|title=René Magritte le maître surréaliste {{!}} PM|date=2016-11-18|newspaper=PM|language=fr-FR|access-date=2016-11-18|archive-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711234803/https://photographemarocain.com/rene-magritte-maitre-surrealiste/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[The Treachery of Images]]'' (''La trahison des images''), which shows a [[smoking pipe (tobacco)|pipe]] that looks as though it is a model for a tobacco store advertisement. Magritte painted below the pipe "''Ceci n'est pas une pipe''" ("This is not a pipe"),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.surreal-artists.com/rene-magritte-the-surrealist-master/|title=René Magritte the Surrealist Master {{!}} Surreal Artists|date=2017-05-24|work=Surreal Artists|access-date=2017-05-27|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004190927/https://www.surreal-artists.com/rene-magritte-the-surrealist-master/|url-status=dead}}</ref> which seems a contradiction but is actually true: the painting is not a pipe, it is an ''image'' of a pipe. It does not "satisfy emotionally"; asked about this image, Magritte said that of course it was not a pipe{{mdash}}just try to fill it with tobacco.<ref>Spitz 1994, p.47</ref>

{{listen |filename=Fr-Ceci-n-est-pas-une-pipe.ogg |title=Ceci n'est pas une pipe |description=A man saying the phrase ''Ceci n'est pas une pipe'' }}
Magritte's work has been described by [[Suzi Gablik]] as "a systematic attempt to disrupt any dogmatic view of the physical world".<ref>Gablik 1970, p. 98.</ref> Therefore, when Magritte painted rocks{{mdash}}which are commonly understood to be heavy, inanimate objects{{mdash}}he often painted them floating cloud-like in the sky, or painted scenes of people and their environment turned to stone.<ref>Gablik 1970, pp. 98–99.</ref>

Among Magritte's works are a number of surrealist versions of other famous paintings, such as ''Perspective I'' and ''Perspective II'', which are copies of [[Jacques-Louis David|David]]'s ''[[Portrait of Madame Récamier]]''<ref name="NGCPerspectiveIAndMadameRecamier">{{cite web |title=Proud Coffin: René Magritte's Perspective: Madame Récamier by David |url=https://www.gallery.ca/magazine/artists/proud-coffin-rene-magrittes-perspective-madame-recamier-by-david |website=National Gallery of Canada |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> and [[Manet]]'s ''[[The Balcony (Manet)|The Balcony]]'',<ref name="MSKGentPerspectiveIIAndBalcony">{{cite web |title=René Magritte: Perspective II, Manet's Balcony |url=https://www.mskgent.be/en/featured-item/perspective-ii-manets-balcony |website=Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> respectively, with the human subjects replaced by coffins.<ref>Meuris 1991, p. 195.</ref> Elsewhere, Magritte challenges the difficulty of artwork to convey meaning with a recurring motif of an easel, as in his ''The Human Condition'' series (1933, 1935) or ''The Promenades of Euclid'' (1955), wherein the spires of a castle are "painted" upon the ordinary streets the canvas overlooks. In a letter to Breton, he wrote of ''The Human Condition'' that it was irrelevant if the scene behind the easel differed from what was depicted upon it, "but the main thing was to eliminate the difference between a view seen from outside and from inside a room".<ref>Sylvester 1992, p.298</ref> The windows in some of these pictures are framed with heavy drapes, suggesting a theatrical motif.<ref>Spitz 1994, p.50</ref>

Magritte's style of surrealism is more representational than the [[Surrealist automatism|"automatic"]] style of artists such as [[Joan Miró]]. His use of ordinary objects in unfamiliar spaces is joined to his desire to create poetic imagery. He called painting "the art of putting colors side by side in such a way that their real aspect is effaced, so that familiar objects{{mdash}}the sky, people, trees, mountains, furniture, the stars, solid structures, graffiti{{mdash}}become united in a single poetically disciplined image. The poetry of this image dispenses with any symbolic significance, old or new."<ref>Frasnay, Daniel. ''The Artist's World''. New York: The Viking Press, 1969. pp. 99-107</ref>
[[File:Magritte treachery.jpg|thumb|left|''The Treachery of Images (This Is Not A Pipe/Ceci n'est pas une pipe)'', 1929, by René Magritte.]]

Magritte described his paintings as "visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, 'What does that mean?'. It does not mean anything, because mystery means nothing either, it is unknowable."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitflanders.us/index.php?page=NewMagritteMuseumBrussels|title=Flanders - New Magritte Museum Brussels |publisher=visitflanders.us |access-date=2009-03-29}}</ref>

Magritte's constant play with reality and illusion has been attributed to the early death of his mother. Psychoanalysts who have examined bereaved children have hypothesized that Magritte's back-and-forth play with reality and illusion reflects his "constant shifting back and forth from what he wishes{{mdash}}'mother is alive'{{mdash}}to what he knows{{mdash}}'mother is dead'".<ref>Collins, Bradley I. Jr. "Psychoanalysis and Art History". ''Art Journal'', Vol. 49, No. 2, College Art Association, pp. 182-186.</ref>

More recently, Patricia Allmer has demonstrated the influence of fairground attractions on Magritte's art, from carousels and circuses to panoramas and stage magic.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allmer |first=Patricia |title=René Magritte |publisher=Reakton Press |year=2019 |location=London}}</ref>

==Artists influenced by Magritte==
Contemporary artists have been greatly influenced by Magritte's examination of the fickleness of images. Artists influenced by Magritte include [[John Baldessari]], [[Ed Ruscha]], [[Andy Warhol]], [[Jasper Johns]], [[Jan Verdoodt]], [[Martin Kippenberger]], [[Duane Michals]], [[Storm Thorgerson]], and [[Luis Rey]]. Some of their works integrate direct references and others offer contemporary viewpoints on his abstract fixations.<ref>{{Cite web |last= Brooks |first= Amra |date= 27 December 2006 |title= Los Angeles: Magritte by Baldessari, Road Trips and Rock 'n' Roll |website= ARTINFO |url= http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/24140/los-angeles-magritte-by-baldessari-road-trips-and-rock-n-roll/ |access-date= 24 April 2008}}</ref>

Magritte's use of simple graphic and everyday imagery has been compared to that of [[Pop art|pop artists]]. His influence in the development of pop art has been widely recognized,<ref name="Meuris202">Meuris 1991, p. 202.</ref> although Magritte himself discounted the connection. He considered the pop artists' representation of "the world as it is" as "their error", and contrasted their attention to the transitory with his concern for "the feeling for the real, insofar as it is permanent."<ref name="Meuris202" /> The 2006–07 [[LACMA]] exhibition "Magritte and Contemporary Art: The Treachery of Images" examined the relationship between Magritte and contemporary art.<ref>{{Cite book |last1= Brown |first1= Stephanie |last2= Draguet |first2= Michel |last3= Tashjian |first3= Dickran |year= 2006 |title= Magritte and Contemporary Art: The Treachery of Images |location= Los Angeles |publisher= Los Angeles County Museum of Art/Ludion |isbn= 9789055446216}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:500 Francs (1998) - Vorderseite.jpg|thumb|500 [[Belgian franc|franc]] note showing portrait of Magritte]]<!--  A few examples suffice here to make the point that Magritte's work is often referenced in popular culture. It is neither possible nor desirable to list every pop culture reference to Magritte in this article. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of trivia; please consider whether any proposed addition will shed important new light on the subject, which is Magritte himself. Unsourced examples may be deleted as original research. -->

The 1960s brought a great increase in public awareness of Magritte's work.<ref name="Calvocoressi 1990, p. 26"/> Thanks to his "sound knowledge of how to present objects in a manner both suggestive and questioning", his works have been frequently adapted or plagiarized in advertisements, posters, book covers and the like.<ref>Meuris 1991, pp. 199–201.</ref> Examples include album covers such as ''[[Beck-Ola]]'' by [[The Jeff Beck Group]] (reproducing Magritte's ''[[The Listening Room]]''), [[Alan Hull]]'s 1973 album [[Pipedream (Alan Hull album)|''Pipedream'']], which uses ''The Philosopher's Lamp'', [[Jackson Browne]]'s 1974 album ''[[Late for the Sky]]'', with artwork inspired by ''[[The Empire of Light]]'', [[Oregon (band)|Oregon]]'s album ''[[Out of the Woods (Oregon album)|Oregon]]'' referring to ''Carte Blanche'', the [[Firesign Theatre]]'s album ''[[Just Folks... A Firesign Chat]]'' based on ''[[The Mysteries of the Horizon]]'', and [[Styx (band)|Styx]]'s album ''[[The Grand Illusion]]'' incorporating an adaptation of the painting ''The Blank Signature (Le Blanc Seing)''. The Nigerian rapper Jesse Jagz's 2014 album ''[[Jagz Nation Vol. 2: Royal Niger Company]]'' has cover art inspired by Magritte.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.fuse.com.ng/2014/03/21/miseducation-jesse-jagz-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-company/ | title=The Miseducation of Jesse Jagz – "Jagz Nation Vol 2: The Royal Niger Company" |website= Fuse |date= 21 March 2014 | access-date=14 April 2014 |archive-date= 16 April 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140416192247/http://www.fuse.com.ng/2014/03/21/miseducation-jesse-jagz-jagz-nation-vol-2-royal-niger-company/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2015 the band [[Punch Brothers]] used ''The Lovers'' as the cover of its album ''[[The Phosphorescent Blues]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title= The Phosphorescent Blues, René Magritte, and the End of Nostalgia |url= https://syneonline.com/synaesthetic/the-phosphorescent-blues |access-date= 2024-10-31 |website= Syne |language=en-US}}</ref>

The logo of [[Apple Corps]], [[The Beatles]]' company, is inspired by Magritte's ''Le Jeu de Mourre'', a 1966 painting. [[Paul Simon]]'s song "[[Rene and Georgette Magritte with Their Dog after the War]]", inspired by a photograph of Magritte by [[Lothar Wolleh]], appears on the 1983 album ''[[Hearts and Bones]]''. [[John Cale]] wrote a song titled "Magritte" that appears on the 2003 album ''[[HoboSapiens]]''. [[Tom Stoppard]] wrote a 1970 Surrealist play called ''[[After Magritte]]''. [[John Berger]] scripted the book ''[[Ways of Seeing]]'' using images and ideologies regarding Magritte. [[Douglas Hofstadter]]'s 1979 book ''[[Gödel, Escher, Bach]]'' uses Magritte works for many of its illustrations. ''The Treachery of Images'' was used in a major plot in [[L. J. Smith (author)|L. J. Smith]]'s 1994 novel ''The Forbidden Game''. Magritte's imagery has inspired [[filmmaker]]s ranging from the surrealist [[Marcel Mariën]] to mainstream directors such as [[Jean-Luc Godard]], [[Alain Robbe-Grillet]], [[Bernardo Bertolucci]], [[Nicolas Roeg]], [[John Boorman]], and [[Terry Gilliam]].<ref>Levy 1997, p. 105.</ref><ref>Bertolucci, Gérard, & Kline 2000, p. 53.</ref><ref>Fragola & Smith 1995, p. 103.</ref>

According to the 1998 documentary ''The Fear of God: 25 Years of "The Exorcist"'', the poster shot for the film ''[[The Exorcist (film)|The Exorcist]]'' was inspired by Magritte's ''The Empire of Light''.

Magritte's work was influential in the entire 1992 movie [[Toys (film)|Toys]] but especially on a break-in scene featuring Robin Williams and Joan Cusack in a music video hoax. Many of Magritte's works were used directly in that scene. In the 1999 movie ''[[The Thomas Crown Affair (1999 film)|The Thomas Crown Affair]],'' Magritte's ''[[The Son of Man]]'' prominently features in the plot.

[[Gary Numan]]'s 1979 album ''[[The Pleasure Principle (Gary Numan album)|The Pleasure Principle]]'' is a reference to Magritte's painting of the same name.
<!--A few examples suffice here to make the point that Magritte's work is often referenced in popular culture. It is neither possible nor desirable to list every pop culture reference to Magritte in this article. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of trivia; please consider whether any proposed addition will shed important new light on the subject: Magritte.-->

In the early 2000s, two LPs were released that had album cover art referencing ''The Lovers'': ''[[Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation]]'' by [[Funeral for a Friend]] and ''[[Frances the Mute]]'' by [[The Mars Volta]].

In John Green's 2012 novel ''[[The Fault in Our Stars (film)#An Imperial Affliction|The Fault in Our Stars]]'', the main character Hazel Grace Lancaster wears a tee shirt with Magritte's ''The Treachery of Images.'' Just before leaving her mother to visit her favorite author, she explains the drawing to her confused mother and says the author's novel has "several Magritte references", clearly hoping the author will be pleased by the shirt.

The music video of [[Markus Schulz]]'s "Koolhaus" under his Dakota guise is inspired by Magritte's works.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHNQ0N4gNAI/ | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211031/vHNQ0N4gNAI| archive-date=2021-10-31 | url-status=live| title=Dakota - Koolhaus (Official Music Video) | publisher=Armada Music | date=6 September 2010 | access-date=19 March 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

A location in Brussels has been named ''Ceci n'est pas une rue'' (This is not a street).<ref>''The Economist'' 12 January 2019 p.31. It appears<!--not clear whether it is itself a street--> in Google Earth at Rue du Jardin des Olives 7, 1000 Bruxelles.</ref>

Belgian actor Pierre Gervais is to play Magritte in the 2025 television series [[This Is Not a Murder Mystery|This is Not a Murder Mystery]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16528504/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm | title=This is Not a Murder Mystery (TV Mini Series) - Full cast & crew - IMDb | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

==Magritte Museum and other collections==
{{main|Magritte Museum}}
[[File:Liebenau - Die Beschaffenheit des Menschen (René Magritte 1933).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|The copy of Magritte's ''[[The Human Condition (Magritte)|The Human Condition]]'', on the facade of the New Middle School in Liebenau, Freistadt district.]]
The Magritte Museum opened to the public on 30 May 2009 in [[Brussels]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.musee-magritte-museum.be/en|title= Home – Magritte Museum |website= Musee Magritte Museum}}</ref> Housed in the five-level neo-classical Hotel Altenloh, on the Place Royale, it displays some 200 original Magritte paintings, drawings, and sculptures,<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1901775,00.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611192624/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1901775,00.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=11 June 2009| magazine=Time | title=Two New Museums for Tintin and Magritte | date=30 May 2009 |access-date=2009-05-30}}</ref> including ''The Return'', ''Scheherazade'' and ''[[The Empire of Light]]''.<ref>Victor Zak October 2009 page 20 Westways Magazine</ref> This multidisciplinary permanent installation is the biggest Magritte archive anywhere and most of the work is directly from the collection of the artist's widow, [[Georgette Berger|Georgette Magritte]], and from [[Irène Hamoir|Irene Hamoir Scutenaire]], his primary collector.<ref name="Oisteanu">{{cite journal|last=Oisteanu|first=Valery|title=Magritte, Painter-Philosopher|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=8 July 2010|issue=July–August 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/07/artseen/magritte-painter-philosopher}}</ref> Additionally, the museum includes Magritte's experiments with photography from 1920 on and the short Surrealist films he made from 1956 on.<ref name="Oisteanu"/>

Another museum is at 135 Rue Esseghem in Brussels, Magritte's former home, where he lived with his wife from 1930 to 1954. ''Olympia'' (1948), a nude portrait of Magritte's wife reportedly worth about US$1.1 million, was stolen from this museum on the morning of 24 September 2009 by two armed men.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/sep/24/magritte-painting-stolen-brussels-olympia | title= Magritte painting stolen at gunpoint  | newspaper=The Guardian | date=24 September 2009 | first= Angelique | last=Chrisafis | access-date=27 November 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Itzkoff |first=David |date=2009-09-24 |title=Magritte Painting Stolen |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/24/magritte-painting-stolen/ |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dieven geven gestolen Magritte terug |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/989/Binnenland/article/detail/1373702/2012/01/05/Dieven-geven-gestolen-Magritte-terug.dhtml |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215220209/http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/989/Binnenland/article/detail/1373702/2012/01/05/Dieven-geven-gestolen-Magritte-terug.dhtml |archive-date=2012-02-15 |access-date=2025-10-26 |work=De Morgen |language=nl}}</ref> It was returned to the museum in January 2012 in exchange for a 50,000-Euro payment from the museum's insurer. The thieves reportedly agreed to the deal because they could not sell the painting on the [[black market]] due to its fame.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/05/did-paying-a-ransom-for-a-stolen-magritte-painting-inadvertently-fund-terrorism | magazine=Vanity Fair| title=  Did Paying a Ransom for a Stolen Magritte Painting Inadvertently Fund Terrorism? |date=27 May 2021 |access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref>

The [[Menil Collection]] in Houston, Texas, holds one of the most significant collections of dada and surrealist work in the United States, including dozens of oil paintings, gouaches, drawings, and bronzes by Magritte. [[John de Menil]] and [[Dominique de Menil]] initiated and funded the [[catalogue raisonné]] of Magritte's oeuvre, published between 1992 and 1997 in five volumes, with an addendum in 2012. Major oil paintings in the Menil Collection include ''[[The Meaning of Night (painting)|The Meaning of Night]]'' (1927), ''The Eternally Obvious'' (1930), ''The Rape'' (1934), ''[[The Listening Room]]'' (1952), and ''[[Golconda (Magritte)|Golconda]]'' (1953). They are typically exhibited a few at a time on a rotating basis with other surrealist works in the collection.<ref>The Menil Collection: [https://www.menil.org/collection/5136-surrealism Surrealism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407080017/https://www.menil.org/collection/5136-surrealism |date=7 April 2023 }} (accessed 17 December 2020)</ref>

==Selected list of works==
{{Main|List of paintings by René  Magritte}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*1920 ''Landscape''
*1922 ''The Station'' and ''L'Écuyère''
*1923 ''Self-portrait'', ''Sixth Nocturne'', ''Georgette at the Piano'' and ''Donna''
*1925 ''The Bather'' and ''The Window''
*1926 ''The Lost Jockey'', ''The Mind of the Traveler'', ''Sensational News'', ''[[The Difficult Crossing]]'', ''The Vestal's Agony'', ''The Midnight Marriage'', ''The Musings of a Solitary Walker'', ''After the Water my Butts'', ''Popular Panorama'', ''Landscape'' and ''The Encounter''
* 1927 ''[[The Enchanted Pose]]''
*1927 ''Young Girl Eating a Bird'', ''The Oasis'' (started in 1925), ''Le Double Secret'', ''The Meaning of Night'', ''Let Out of School'', ''The Man from the Sea'', ''The Tiredness of Life'', ''The Light-breaker'', ''A Passion for Light'', ''[[The Menaced Assassin]]'', ''Reckless Sleeper'', ''La Voleuse'', ''The Fast Hope'', ''L'Atlantide'' and ''The Muscles of the Sky''
*1928 ''The Lining of Sleep'' (started in 1927), ''Intermission'' (started in 1927), ''[[The Adulation of Space]]'' (started in 1927), ''The Flowers of the Abyss'', ''Discovery'', ''The Lovers I & II'',<ref name="nga" /> ''The Voice of Space'', ''[[False Mirror (René Magritte)|The False Mirror]]'',  ''The Daring Sleeper'', ''The Acrobat's Ideas'', ''The Automaton'', ''[[The Empty Mask]]'', ''Reckless Sleeper'', ''The Secret Life'' and ''Attempting the Impossible''
*1929 ''[[The Treachery of Images]]'' (started in 1928), ''Threatening Weather'' and ''[[On the Threshold of Liberty]]''
*1930 ''Pink Belles, Tattered Skies'', ''The Eternally Obvious'', ''The Lifeline'', ''The Annunciation'' and ''Celestial Perfections''
*1931 ''The Voice of the Air'', ''Summer'' and ''The Giantess''
*1932 ''The Universe Unmasked''
*1933 ''[[Elective Affinities (painting)|Elective Affinities]]'', ''The Human Condition'' and ''The Unexpected Answer''
*1934 ''The Rape'', ''La Magie Noire''
*1935 ''The Discovery of Fire'', ''[[The Human Condition (painting)|The Human Condition]]'', ''Revolution'', ''Perpetual Motion'', ''Collective Invention'' and ''[[The Portrait (painting)|The Portrait]]''
*1936 ''Surprise Answer'', ''Clairvoyance'', ''The Healer'', ''The Philosopher's Lamp'', ''The Heart Revealed a portrait of Tita Thirifays'', ''Spiritual Exercises'', ''Portrait of Irène Hamoir'', ''La Méditation'' and ''Forbidden Literature''
*1937 ''The Future of Statues'', ''The Black Flag'', ''[[Not to be Reproduced]]'', ''Portrait of Edward James'' and ''Portrait of Rena Schitz'', ''[[On the Threshold of Liberty]]''
*1938 ''[[Time Transfixed]]'', ''The Domain of Arnheim'', ''Steps of Summer'' and ''Stimulation Objective''
*1939 ''Victory'', ''[[The Palace of Memories]]''
*1940 ''The Return'', ''The Wedding Breakfast'' and ''Les Grandes Espérances''
*1941 ''The Break in the Clouds''
*1942 ''Misses de L'Isle Adam'', ''L'Île au Trésor'', ''Memory'', ''Black Magic'', ''Les compagnons de la peur'' and ''The Misanthropes''
*1943 ''The Return of the Flame'', ''Universal Gravitation'' and ''Monsieur Ingres's Good Days''
*1944 ''The Good Omens''
*1945 ''Treasure Island'', ''Les Rencontres Naturelles'' and ''Black Magic''
*1946 ''L'Intelligence'' and ''Les Mille et une Nuits''
*1947 ''La Philosophie dans le boudoir'', ''The Cicerone'', ''The Liberator'', ''The Fair Captive'', ''La Part du Feu'' and ''The Red Model''
*1948 ''Blood Will Tell'', ''Memory'', ''The Mountain Dweller'', ''The Art of Life'', ''The Pebble'', '' The Lost Jockey'', ''God's Solon'', ''Shéhérazade'', ''L'Ellipse'' and ''Famine'' and ''The Taste of Sorrow''
*1949 ''Megalomania'', ''Elementary Cosmogony'', and ''Perspective, the Balcony''
*1950 ''Making an Entrance'', ''The Legend of the Centuries'', ''Towards Pleasure'', ''The Labors of Alexander'', ''[[The Empire of Light II]]'', ''The Fair Captive'' and ''The Art of Conversation'', ''The Survivor''
*1951 ''David's Madame Récamier'' (parodying the ''[[Portrait of Madame Récamier]]''), ''Pandora's Box'', ''The Song of the Violet'', ''The Spring Tide'' and ''The Smile''
*1952 ''Personal Values'' and ''Le Sens de la Pudeur'' and ''The Explanation'' 
*1953 ''[[Golconda (Magritte)|Golconda]]'', ''[[The Listening Room]]'' and a fresco, ''The Enchanted Domain'', for the [[Knokke Casino]], ''Le chant des sirènes''
*1954 ''The Invisible World'' and ''[[The Empire of Light]]''
*1955 ''Memory of a Journey'' and ''[[The Mysteries of the Horizon]]''
*1956 ''The Sixteenth of September'' ; ''The Ready-made Bouquet''
*1957 ''The Fountain of Youth'' ; ''The Enchanted Domain''
*1958 ''The Golden Legend'', ''Hegel's Holiday'', ''The Banquet'' and ''The Familiar World''
*1959 ''The Castle in the Pyrenees'', ''The Battle of the Argonne'', ''The Anniversary'', ''The Month of the Grape Harvest'' and ''La clef de verre'' (''The Glass Key'')
*1960 ''The Memoirs of a Saint''
*1962 ''The Great Table'', ''The Healer'', ''Waste of Effort'', ''Mona Lisa'' (circa 1962) and ''L'embeillie'' (circa 1962)
*1963 ''The Great Family'', ''The Open Air'', ''The Beautiful Season'', ''Princes of the Autumn'', ''Young Love'', ''La Recherche de la Vérité'' and ''[[The Telescope (painting)|The Telescope]]'' and " The Art of Conversation"
*1964 ''Le soir qui tombe'' (''Evening Falls''), ''The Great War'', ''The Great War on Facades'', ''[[The Son of Man]]'' and ''Song of Love''
*1965 ''Le Blanc-Seing'', ''Carte Blanche'', ''The Thought Which Sees'', ''Ages Ago'' and ''The Beautiful Walk'' (circa 1965), ''Good Faith''
*1966 ''The Shades'', ''The Happy Donor'', ''The Gold Ring'', ''The Pleasant Truth'', ''The Two Mysteries'', ''The Pilgrim'' and ''The Mysteries of the Horizon''
*1967 ''Les Grâces Naturelles'', ''La Géante'', ''The Blank Page'', ''Good Connections'', ''The Art of Living'', ''L'Art de Vivre'' and several bronze sculptures based on Magritte's previous works
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Magritte Museum]], part of the [[Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium]].
* [[René Magritte Museum]], a museum in [[Jette]] in Brussels, in the house where Magritte lived and worked for 24 years, between 1930 and 1954.
* [[List of Belgian painters]]
* [[List of paintings by Rene Magritte]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin|60em}}
*Abadie, Daniel and Galerie nationale du jeu de paume (2003). ''Magritte''. New York: Distributed Art Publishers. {{ISBN|9781891024665}}.
*{{cite book | author=Alden, Todd | title=The Essential Magritte | publisher=Two Editions| year=1999 | isbn=0-7607-8567-8}}
*{{cite book | author=Allmer, Patricia | year=2019 | title=René Magritte | location=London | publisher=Reaktion Press.}}
*Allmer, Patricia (2017) ''This Is Magritte'' London: Laurence King. {{ISBN|9781780678504}}
*{{cite book | author=Allmer, Patricia | title=René Magritte - Beyond Painting | location=Manchester | publisher=Manchester University Press | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-7190-7928-3}}
* Allmer, Patricia (2007). 'Dial M for Magritte' in "Johan Grimonprez - Looking for Alfred", eds. Steven Bode and Thomas Elsaesser, London: Film and Video Umbrella.
* Allmer, Patricia (2007). 'René Magritte and the Postcard' in "Collective Inventions: Surrealism in Belgium Reconsidered", eds. Patricia Allmer and Hilde van Gelder, Leuven: Leuven University Press. 
* Allmer, Patricia (2007). 'Failing to Create - Magritte, Artistry, Art History' in ''From Self to Shelf: The Artist Under Construction'', ed. William May, Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 
* Allmer, Patricia (2006). 'Framing the Real: Frames and the Process of Framing in René Magritte's Œuvre', in ''Framing Borders in Literature and Other Media'', eds. Walter Bernhart and Werner Wolf, Amsterdam: Rodopi. 
*{{cite book |author1=Bertolucci, Bernardo |author-link=Bertolucci, Bernardo |author2=Gérard, F. S. |author3=Kline, T. J. | title=Bernardo Bertolucci: Interviews | location=Jackson: Miss | year=2000 | isbn=1-57806-205-5}}
*{{cite book | author=Calvocoressi, Richard | title=Magritte | location=New York | publisher=Watson-Guptill | year=1990 | isbn=0-8230-2962-X}}
*{{cite book|editor-last=Chambers|editor-first=Nicholas|title=Magritte| location=Sydney|publisher=Art Gallery of New South Wales|year=2024|isbn=9-781741-741728}}
*{{cite book | author=Danchev, Alex | title=Magritte: A Life | location=New York | publisher=Pantheon | year=2021 | isbn=978-0-307-90819-3}}
*{{cite book |author1=Fragola, Anthony |author2=Smith, Roch C. | title=The Erotic Dream Machine: Interviews with Alain Robbe-Grillet on His Films | publisher= SIU Press| year=1995 | isbn=0-8093-2004-5}}
*Gablik, Suzi (1970). ''Magritte''. London: Thames & Hudson. {{ISBN|978-0-500-49003-7}}.
*{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=James C. |date=2007-08-01 |title=The Murderer Threatened (L'assassin Menacé) |url=https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.882 |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=64 |issue=8 |pages=882–883 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.882 |pmid=17679631 |issn=0003-990X |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite book |author1=Kaplan, Gilbert E.  |author2=Baum, Timothy  |name-list-style=amp | title=The Graphic Work of René Magritte | publisher=Two Editions | year=1982 | isbn=0-686-39199-3}}
*{{cite book | author=Levy, Silvano | author-link=Levy, Silvano | title=Surrealism: Surrealist visuality | location=Edinburgh | publisher=Keele University Press | year=1997 | isbn=1-85331-193-6}}
*{{cite book | author=Levy, Silvano | title=Decoding Magritte | location=Bristol | publisher=Sansom & Co. | year=2015 | isbn=9781906593957}}
*Levy, Silvano (1996). 'René Magritte: Representational Iconoclasm', in ''Surrealist Visuality'', ed. S. Levy, Keele University Press. {{ISBN|1-85331-170-7}}.
*Levy, Silvano (2012). 'Magritte et le refus de l'authentique', ''Cycnos'', Vol. 28, No. 1 (July 2012), pp.&nbsp;53–62. {{ISBN|978-2-296-96098-5}}.
*Levy, Silvano (2005). 'Magritte at the Edge of Codes', ''Image & Narrative'', No. 13 (November 2005), [http://www.imageandnarrative.be/inarchive/surrealism/levy.htm Magritte at the Edge of Codes by Silvano Levy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224221055/http://www.imageandnarrative.be/inarchive/surrealism/levy.htm |date=24 February 2021 }}  {{ISSN|1780-678X}}.
*Levy, Silvano (1993). 'Magritte, Mesens and Dada', ''Aura'', No. 1, 11 pp.&nbsp;31 41. {{ISSN|0968-1736}}. 
*Levy, Silvano (1993). 'Magritte: The Uncanny and the Image', ''French Studies Bulletin'', No. 46, 3 pp.&nbsp;15 17. {{ISSN|0262-2750}}. 
*Levy, Silvano (1992). 'Magritte and Words', ''Journal of European Studies'', Vol. 22, Part 4, No. 88, 19 pp.&nbsp;313 321. {{ISSN|0047-2441}}. 
*Levy, Silvano (1992). 'Magritte and the Surrealist Image', ''Apollo'', Vol. CXXXVI, No. 366, 3 pp 117 119. {{ISSN|0003-6536}}.
*Levy, Silvano (1990). 'Foucault on Magritte on Resemblance', ''Modern Language Review'', Vol. 85, No.1, 7 pp.&nbsp;50 56. {{ISSN|0026-7937}}. 
*Levy, Silvano (1981). 'René Magritte and Window Display', ''Artscribe International'', No. 28, 5 pp.&nbsp;24 28. {{ISSN|0309-2151}}.
*Levy, Silvano (1992). 'This is a Magritte', ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', No. 1,028, 17 July 1992, 1 p.&nbsp;18. {{ISSN|0049-3929}}. 
*{{cite book | author=Meuris, Jacques | title=René Magritte | location=Cologne | publisher=Benedikt [[Taschen]] | year=1991 | isbn=3-8228-0546-7 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/renemagritte18980000meur_h1e1 }}
*{{cite book | author=Roisin, Jacques | title=Ceci n'est pas une biographie de Magritte| location=Bruxelles| publisher=Alice Editions| year=1998 | isbn=2-930182-05-9}}
*{{cite book | author=Spitz, Ellen Handler | author-link=Spitz, Ellen Handler | title=Museums of the Mind | publisher=Yale University Press | year=1994 | isbn=0-300-06029-7 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/museumsofmindmag0000spit }}
*{{cite book | author=Sylvester, David | author-link=David Sylvester | title=Magritte | publisher=Abrams | year=1992 | isbn=0-500-09227-3}}
*{{cite book | author=West, Shearer | author-link=West, Shearer | title=The Bullfinch Guide to Art | location=UK | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc | year=1996 | isbn=0-8212-2137-X | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/bulfinchguidetoa0000west }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|René Magritte}}
*[http://www.magritte.be/ Foundation Magritte]
*[http://www.all-art.org/art_20th_century/magritte1.html The biography and works of René Magritte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109213241/http://www.all-art.org/art_20th_century/magritte1.html |date=9 January 2015 }}
*[http://www.magrittemuseum.be/ René Magritte Museum] in [[Brussels]]
*{{MoMA artist|3692}}
*[http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/magritte_rene.html Magritte at Artcyclopedia]
*[http://www.tate.org.uk/liverpool/exhibitions/renemagritte/default.shtm René Magritte: The Pleasure Principle – Exhibition at Tate Liverpool, UK 2011]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081027105849/http://www.fine-arts-museum.be/site/EN/default.asp Musée Magritte Museum] at [[Brussels]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100315011330/http://www.museumchick.com/museum-chick/2010/03/the-mus%C3%A9e-magritte-museum-brussels-surrealism.html A visit to the Musée Magritte Museum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060703/http://www.surrealismcentre.ac.uk/publications/papers/journal5/index.htm Patricia Allmer, "La Reproduction Interdite: René Magritte and Forgery" in ''Papers of Surrealism'', Issue 5, Spring 2007.]
*[http://www.cinemaleuven.be/collectie?title=&items_per_page=15&theater=All&year=&director=&distributor=&actor_actress=&printer=&designer=emair Cinema Leuven - Film posters designed by Emair/René Magritte]
*[https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/rene-magritte-les-lalannes-exhibition-di-donna-galleries-1234748525/ Karen K. Ho, "First-Ever Exhibition Pairing René Magritte and Les Lalannes Will Open in New York in October" in ''ArtNews'', 30 July 2025.]

{{René Magritte|state=expanded}}
{{Surrealism|state=collapsed}}
{{Mathematical art}}
{{Portal bar|Visual arts|Biography|Belgium}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Magritte, Rene}}
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[[Category:People from Lessines]]
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