View source for Resuscitation

{{short description|Emergency correction of acute critical physiological disorders}}
{{for-text|the album by ADULT|[[Resuscitation (album)|''Resuscitation'' (album)]]|the journal|[[Resuscitation (journal)|''Resuscitation'' (journal)]]}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}
'''Resuscitation''' is the process of correcting [[physiological disorder]]s (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an [[Acute (medicine)|acutely]] ill patient.  It is an important part of [[intensive care medicine]], anesthesiology, [[trauma surgery]] and [[emergency medicine]].  Well-known examples are [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] and [[mouth-to-mouth resuscitation]].

Adequate resuscitation and end-organ perfusion is best indicated by urine output of 0.5-1 mL/kg/h. For the average adult male weighing ~70 kg this would mean a urine output of 35 mL/h (70 x 0.5 = 35 mL/h). Heart rate, mental status, and capillary refill may be affected by underlying disease processes and are thus less reliable markers for adequate resuscitation.

== Documentation ==
For subsequent treatment, resuscitations have to be properly [[Medical record|recorded]]. One example is trauma care.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Montagna |first1=Sara |last2=Croatti |first2=Angelo |last3=Ricci |first3=Alessandro |last4=Agnoletti |first4=Vanni |last5=Albarello |first5=Vittorio |last6=Gamberini |first6=Emiliano |date=2020 |title=Real-time tracking and documentation in trauma management |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1460458219825507 |journal=[[Health Informatics Journal]] |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=328–341 |doi=10.1177/1460458219825507 |pmid=30726161 |issn=1460-4582|url-access=subscription |hdl=11585/666011 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Even though there is a strong expansion of [[Electronic health record|electronic health records]], within the healthcare industry, resuscitation documentation is still often handwritten, increasing the risk of incomplete documentation. Novel options like tablet-based solutions help to digitalize this process.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cheung |first1=Kin |last2=Yip |first2=Chak Sum |date=2024-01-05 |title=Documentation Completeness and Nurses' Perceptions of a Novel Electronic App for Medical Resuscitation in the Emergency Room: Mixed Methods Approach |journal=[[JMIR mHealth and uHealth]] |language=en |volume=12 |article-number=e46744 |doi=10.2196/46744 |doi-access=free |issn=2291-5222 |pmc=10799286 |pmid=38180801}}</ref> For improved documentation quality, future solutions have to be accepted by clinicians and well-integrated into their workflows.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gostmann |first1=Björn |last2=Rogge |first2=Grigori |date=2025 |title=Resuscitation Documentation: Mobility and Efficiency through Tablet-Based Solutions |url=https://www.atlas-digitale-gesundheitswirtschaft.de/en/blog/2025/02/12/resuscitation-documentation-mobility-and-efficiency-through-tablet-based-solutions-2/ |website=ATLAS Digitale Gesundheitswirtschaft}}</ref>

==Variables==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! System
! colspan="2"|Example causes
! colspan="2"|Biomarker
! Treatment
|-
| rowspan="7"|[[Hypoperfusion]] ([[Circulatory shock]])
| [[Haemorrhagic shock]]
| [[Hypovolemia]] ([[Hypovolemic shock]])
| [[Intravascular volume status]] ([[Preload (cardiology)|Preload]])
| rowspan="4"|[[Heart rate]] ([[Tachycardia]]) / [[Systolic blood pressure]] ([[Hypotension]]) / [[Decreased urine output]]
| [[Intravenous fluid]] / [[Intraosseous infusion]] / [[Blood transfusion]] with [[packed red blood cells]]
|-
| colspan="2"|[[Cardiogenic shock]]
| [[Cardiac output]]
| [[Positive inotropic agents]] / [[Chronotrope]]s
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Distributive shock]]
| [[Sepsis]] ([[Septic shock]])
| [[Vascular permeability]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Vasopressors]]
|-
| [[Neurogenic shock]]
| [[Total peripheral resistance]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Obstructive shock]]
| [[Cardiac tamponade]]
| colspan="2"| [[Beck's triad (cardiology)|Beck's triad]]
| [[Pericardiocentesis]]/[[Thoracotomy]] with [[pericardial window]]
|-
| [[Tension pneumothorax]]
| colspan="2"|
| [[Thoracentesis]]/[[Chest drain]]
|-
| [[Pulmonary embolism]]
| colspan="2"|
| [[Thrombolysis]]/[[Embolectomy]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Acid–base imbalance]]
| colspan="2" | [[Acidosis]]
| rowspan="2" colspan="2"|[[pH]]
|[[Sodium bicarbonate]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Alkalosis]]
|Interventional/Supportive
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Gas exchange]] ([[Respiratory failure]])
| colspan="2" | [[Hypercapnia]]
| colspan="2"|[[PaCO2]]
|Interventional/Supportive
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hypoxia (medical)|Hypoxia]]
| colspan="2"|[[PaO2]]
|[[Oxygen therapy]]
|-
| [[Altered level of consciousness]]
| [[Coma]]
| Narcosis ([[Drug overdose]]) / [[Stroke]] ([[Intracranial hemorrhage]])
| colspan="2"|[[Glasgow Coma Scale]]
|Interventional/Supportive
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Blood sugar regulation]]
| colspan="2" | [[Hyperglycemia]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|[[Blood sugar]]
|[[Insulin (medication)|Insulin]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hypoglycemia]]
|[[Glucose]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Electrolyte imbalance]]
| colspan="2" | [[Hyperkalemia]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Serum [[potassium]]
|[[Calcium chloride]]/[[Calcium diglutamate]], others
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hypokalemia]]
| colspan="2" |[[Potassium]]
|-
| [[Coagulopathy]]
| colspan="2" | [[Hypocoagulability]]
| colspan="2" |[[Coagulation screen]]
| [[Fresh frozen plasma]]/[[Cryoprecipitate]]/[[Platelet]]s
|}

==See also==
{{Wiktionary|resuscitation}}
{{col div}}
*{{annotated link|Advanced life support}}
*{{annotated link|Advanced cardiac life support}}
*{{annotated link|Advanced trauma life support}}
*{{annotated link|Cardiopulmonary resuscitation}}
*{{annotated link|Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation}}
*{{annotated link|Fluid replacement|aka=Fluid resuscitation}}
*{{annotated link|Hs and Ts}}
*{{annotated link|Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation}}
*{{annotated link|Neonatal resuscitation}}
*{{annotated link|Pediatric advanced life support}}
{{colend}}

{{Intensive care medicine |state=autocollapse}}
{{Trauma |state=autocollapse}}
{{Emergency medicine |state=autocollapse}}
{{Shock}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Critical emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]