View source for Richard Cox (bishop)

{{short description|Bishop of Ely}}
{{For|the nineteenth-century Archdeacon of Lindisfarne|Richard Coxe (priest)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Christian leader 
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Reverend]]
| name = Richard Cox
| honorific-suffix = 
| bishop_of = [[Bishop of Ely]]
| image = Bp Richard Cox.jpg
| caption = 
| province =
| diocese = [[Diocese of Ely]]
| see = 
| enthroned = 1559
| predecessor = [[Thomas Thirlby]]
| successor = [[Martin Heton]]
| ordination = 
| consecration = 
| other_post = [[Westminster Abbey|Dean of Westminster]]
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{circa|1500}}
| birth_place = [[Whaddon, Buckinghamshire]]
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| buried = {{death date|df=yes|1581|7|22}}
| nationality = English 
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| residence =
| spouse = 
| children = 
| occupation =
| profession =
| education = [[Eton College]]
| alma_mater = [[King's College, Cambridge]]
| signature = 
}}

'''Richard Cox''' (c. 1500 – 22 July 1581) was an English clergyman, who was [[Dean of Westminster]] and [[Bishop of Ely]].

==Early life==
Cox was born of obscure parentage at [[Whaddon, Buckinghamshire]], in 1499 or 1500.

He was educated at the [[Benedictine]] [[Snelshall Priory]] near Whaddon, at [[Eton College|Eton]], and at [[King's College, Cambridge]], where he graduated B.A. in 1524.<ref>{{acad|id=CS519R|name=Cox, Reginald}}</ref> At [[Cardinal Wolsey]]'s invitation he became a member of the Cardinal's new foundation at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], was incorporated B.A. in 1525, and created M.A. in 1526.<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/alumni-oxon/1500-1714/pp338-365 Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, Covert-Cutts]</ref> In 1530 he was engaged in persuading the more unruly members of the university to approve of the [[Catherine of Aragon#The King's great matter|King's divorce]].

A premature expression of [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] views is said to have caused his departure from Oxford and even his imprisonment, but the records are silent on these sufferings which do not harmonise with his appointment as Master of the Royal Foundation at Eton.

In 1533 he appears as the author of an ode on the coronation of [[Anne Boleyn]], in 1535 he graduated B.D. (Bachelor of Divinity) at Cambridge, proceeding D.D. (Doctor of Divinity) in 1537, and in the same year subscribing the ''[[Institution of a Christian Man]]''. In 1540 he was one of the fifteen divines to whom were referred crucial questions on the sacraments and the seat of authority in the Church; his answers (printed in Pocock's ''Burnet'', iii. 443–496) indicate a mind tending away from [[Catholicism]], but susceptible to "The King's Doctrine"; and, indeed, Cox was one of the divines by whom Henry said the "King's Book" had been drawn up when he wished to impress upon the [[James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran|Regent Arran]] that it was not exclusively his own doing. Moreover, he was present at the examination of [[Robert Barnes (martyr)|Robert Barnes]], subscribed the divorce of [[Anne of Cleves]], and in that year of reaction became Archdeacon and Prebendary of Ely and Canon of Westminster.
[[File:Edward VI, letter.jpg|thumb|Letter from [[Edward VI|Prince Edward]] to Cox, 1546]]
He was employed on other royal business in 1541, was nominated to the projected [[Bishopric of Southwell]], and was made King's Chaplain in 1542. In 1543 he was employed to ferret out the "[[Prebendaries' Plot]]" against [[Thomas Cranmer]], and became the Archbishop's chancellor. In December, he was appointed Dean of [[Oseney]] (afterwards [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford|Christ Church]]) [[Oxford]], and in July was made Almoner to Prince Edward, in whose education he took an active part. He was present at [[Edward Crome]]'s recantation in 1546, denounced it as insincere and insufficient, and severely handled him before the Privy Council.

==Under Edward VI==
After [[Edward VI]]'s accession, Cox's opinions took a more [[Protestant]] turn, and he became one of the most active agents of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. He was consulted on the compilation of the Communion Office in 1548, and the [[Book of Common Prayer (1549)|first]] and [[Book of Common Prayer (1552)|second]] [[Book of Common Prayer|Books of Common Prayer]], and sat on the Commission for the Reform of the Canon Law. As [[Chancellor of the University of Oxford]] (1547–1552) he promoted foreign divines such as [[Pietro Martire Vermigli]], and was a moving spirit of the two commissions which sought with some success to eradicate everything savouring of popery from the books, manuscripts, ornaments and endowments of the university, and earned Cox the sobriquet of its 'Canceller' rather than its Chancellor.
{{Marshalsea}}
He received other rewards, a canonry of [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]] (1548), the rectory of [[Harrow, London|Harrow]] (1547) and the deanery of Westminster (1549).

==Marian exile==
Cox lost his preferments on [[Mary I of England|Mary]]'s accession, and was for a fortnight in August 1553 confined to the [[Marshalsea]]. He remained in obscurity until after the failure of [[Wyatt's rebellion]], and then in May 1554 escaped in the same ship as [[Edwin Sandys (Archbishop)|Edwin Sandys]], to [[Antwerp]]. In March 1555 he made his way to [[Frankfurt]].

Cox played a major part in what later became known as the [[troubles at Frankfurt]]. The exiles had, under the influence of [[John Knox]] and [[William Whittingham]], adopted [[Calvinism|Calvinistic]] doctrine and a form of service far from the [[Book of Common Prayer (1552)|Prayer Book of 1552]]. Cox stood up for the Church of England service, and the exiles were divided into Knoxians and Coxians. Knox attacked Cox as a [[religious pluralism|pluralist]], Cox accused Knox of treason to the [[Emperor Charles V]]. The latter proved more effective as a charge: Knox and his followers were expelled, and the Prayer Book of 1552 was restored.

==Under Elizabeth I==
In 1559 Cox returned to England, and was elected [[Bishop of Norwich]], but the Queen changed her mind and Cox's destination to Ely, where he remained for twenty-one years. He was an honest, but narrow-minded ecclesiastic, who held what views he did hold intolerantly, and was always wanting more power to constrain those who differed from him (see his letter in ''Hatfield MSS.'' i. 308). While he refused to minister in the Queen's Chapel because of the crucifix and lights there, and was a bitter enemy of the Roman Catholics, he had little more patience with the Puritans. He was grasping, or at least tenacious of his rights in money matters, and was often brought into conflict with courtiers who coveted episcopal lands.

The [[Elizabeth I|Queen]] herself intervened, when he refused to grant [[Ely Place|Ely House]] to her favourite, [[Christopher Hatton|Sir Christopher Hatton]]; but the well-known letter beginning "Proud Prelate" and threatening to unfrock him seems to be an impudent forgery which first saw the light in the ''Annual Register'' for 1761. It hardly, however, misrepresents the Queen's meaning, and Cox was forced to give way. These and other trials led him to resign his see in 1580, and it is significant that it remained vacant for nineteen years.

==Death and legacy==
Cox died in July 1581; a monument erected to his memory twenty years later in [[Ely Cathedral]] was defaced, owing, it was said, to his evil repute. [[John Strype]] (''Whitgift'', i. 2) gives Cox's hot temper and marriage as reasons why he was not made archbishop in 1583 in preference to [[John Whitgift]], who had been his chaplain; but Cox had been dead two years in 1583. His first wife's name is unknown; she was the mother of his five children, of whom Joanna married John Parker, the eldest son of Archbishop [[Matthew Parker]]. His second wife was Jane Auder, the widow of [[William Turner (ornithologist)|William Turner]], the botanist and Dean of [[Wells Cathedral]]. One of his grandsons, Richard, moved to Ireland in about 1600, and was the ancestor of the [[Cox Baronets]] of [[Dunmanway]], [[County Cork]].

==See also==

*[[List of chancellors of the University of Oxford]]
*[[Dean of Westminster]]

==References==
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Cox, Richard|volume=7|last1= Pollard |first1= Albert Frederick |author1-link= Albert Pollard |page=353|short=1}}
{{reflist|30em}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John London (priest)|John London]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dean of Christ Church, Oxford]]|years=1543–1553}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Richard Marshall (priest)|Richard Marshall]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Longland]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chancellors of the University of Oxford|Chancellor of the University of Oxford]]|years=1547–1552}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Mason (diplomat)|John Mason]]}}
{{s-rel|en}}
{{s-bef|before=[[William Benson (abbot)|William Benson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dean of Westminster]]|years=1549–1553}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Hugh Weston]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Thirlby]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Ely]]|years=1559–1581}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Martin Heton]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Deans of Christ Church, Oxford}}
{{Deans of Westminster}}
{{Bishops of Ely}}
{{Chancellors of the University of Oxford}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cox, Richard}}
[[Category:Deans of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:1500 births]]
[[Category:1581 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Aylesbury Vale]]
[[Category:Abbots of Westminster]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Deans of Westminster]]
[[Category:Bishops of Ely]]
[[Category:16th-century Church of England bishops]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Marian exiles]]
[[Category:Clergy from Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Inmates of the Marshalsea]]
[[Category:Canons of Windsor]]
[[Category:16th-century Christian abbots]]
[[Category:16th-century English abbots]]
[[Category:16th-century Anglican theologians]]