View source for Richard Friend

{{Short description|British physicist (born 1953)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix  = [[Professor]]
| name              = Sir Richard Friend
| honorific_suffix  = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|HonFInstP|FREng|size=100%}}
| image             = Richard Friend.jpg
| caption           = Friend in Finland in 2010
| birth_name        = Richard Henry Friend
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1953|1|18}}<ref name="whoswho">
{{Who's Who | title=FRIEND, Sir Richard (Henry) | id = U16499 | volume = 2015 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref>
| birth_place       = London<ref name="dspace">{{cite web|url = https://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/1116837| title = 	Interview of Sir Richard Friend | author = Alan Macfarlane | author-link = Alan Macfarlane | publisher = Cambridge University}}</ref>
| fields            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Optoelectronics]]
* [[OLED|Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes]]
* [[Organic field-effect transistor|Thin-Film Field-Effect Transistors]]
* [[Time-resolved spectroscopy|Time-resolved optical spectroscopy]]
* [[Perovskite solar cell]]
* [[Photovoltaics]]}}
| workplaces        = {{Plainlist|
* Eight19 Ltd
* [[Cavendish Laboratory]]
* [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[Cambridge Display Technology|Cambridge Display Technology (CDT)]]
* [[Plastic Logic]]
* [[St John's College, Cambridge]]
* [[National University of Singapore]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}}}
| alma_mater        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]<ref name="whoswho"/>
* [[University of Paris-Sud]]<ref name="dspace" />}}
| thesis_title      = Transport properties and lattice instabilities in one and two dimensional metals
| thesis_url        = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.456002
| thesis_year       = 1979
| doctoral_advisor  = {{Plainlist|
* Abraham Yoffe<ref name="mathgene">{{MathGenealogy|id=169225}}</ref>
* Denis Jérome<ref name="dspace" />}}
| doctoral_students = [[Henry Snaith]]<ref name=friend>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1021/nl0257418| title = Charge Generation Kinetics and Transport Mechanisms in Blended Polyfluorene Photovoltaic Devices| journal = [[Nano Letters]]| volume = 2| issue = 12| pages = 1353| year = 2002| last1 = Snaith | first1 = H. J. | author-link1 = Henry Snaith | last2 = Arias | first2 = A. C. | last3 = Morteani | first3 = A. C. | last4 = Silva | first4 = C. | last5 = Friend | first5 = R. H. | author-link5 = Richard Friend|bibcode = 2002NanoL...2.1353S }}</ref><ref name=snaithphd>{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Cambridge|title=Polymer based photovoltaic diodes|first= Henry James|last=Snaith|year=2005|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614761|oclc=890157906}}</ref>
<br> [[Ana Claudia Arias]] <br> [[Anna Köhler (scientist)]]
| known_for         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Organic electronics|Plastic electronics]]
* [[OLED]]
* [[Organic field-effect transistor]]
}}
| awards            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Millennium Technology Prize]] (2010)
* [[Institute of Physics|IOP]] [[Swan Medal and Prize]] (2009)
* [[Knight Bachelor|Kt]] (2003)
* [[Faraday Medal]] (2003)
* [[Royal Academy of Engineering|FREng]]<ref name=listofellows>{{Cite web|url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows|title=List of Fellows}}</ref> (2002)
* [[Rumford Medal]] (1998)
* [[Europhysics Prize]] (1996)
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (1993)
* [[Isaac Newton Medal]] (2024)

}}
| website           = {{Plainlist|
* {{URL|phy.cam.ac.uk/directory/friendr}}
}}
| spouse            = Carol Anne Maxwell (née Beales)<ref name="whoswho"/>
}}
'''Sir Richard Henry Friend''' (born 18 January 1953) is a British physicist who was the [[Cavendish Professor of Physics]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] from 1995 until 2020<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Cavmag|title=Special Guest Editorial|date=May 2020|issue=25|url=https://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/files/cavmag_25_2021_online.pdf|pages=3–4}}</ref> and is Tan Chin Tuan Centennial Professor at the [[National University of Singapore]]. Friend's research concerns the [[physics]] and engineering of [[carbon]]-based [[semiconductor]]s.<ref>[http://www.oe.phy.cam.ac.uk/people/oestaff/rhf10.htm "Professor Sir Richard Friend"]. Optoelectronics group, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge</ref> He also serves as Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrf.gov.sg/about-nrf/governance|title=Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council (RIEC)|website=www.nrf.gov.sg}}</ref>

==Education==
Friend was educated at [[Rugby School]] and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]],<ref name="whoswho"/> gaining a PhD in 1979 under the supervision of Abe Yoffe.<ref name="friendphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Richard Henry|last=Friend |title=Transport properties and lattice instabilities in one and two dimensional metals |publisher=University of Cambridge |year=1979 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.456002|author-link=Richard Friend}}</ref>

==Research==
Friend's research has been applied to development of [[polymer]] [[field effect transistor]]s, [[light-emitting diodes]], [[photovoltaic]] diodes, optically pumped lasing and directly printed polymer transistors. He pioneered the study of organic polymers and the electronic properties of [[molecular]] semiconductors. He is one of the principal investigators in the new Cambridge-based Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (IRC) on [[nanotechnology]] and co-founder of [[Cambridge Display Technology]] (CDT) and [[Plastic Logic]]. Friend has co-authored over 1,000 publications.<ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|12812336|noedit}}</ref><ref name="scopus">{{Scopus|id=7202777700}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
In March 2003 Friend won the [[Institution of Electrical Engineers|IEE's]] [[Faraday Medal]]. He was knighted for "services to physics" in the [[2003 Birthday Honours]].

Friend received an Honorary Doctorate from [[Heriot-Watt University]] in 2006<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html|title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards|website=www1.hw.ac.uk|access-date=30 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html|archive-date=13 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2009, Friend was awarded the [[Institute of Physics]] [[Katharine Burr Blodgett Medal and Prize]] with Dr David Ffye.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iop.org/about/awards/gold/burr-blodgett/medallists/page_38462.html| title=2009 Business and Innovation medal |access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref>

In 2010, Friend was elected as one of the three laureates of [[Millennium Technology Prize]] for the development of plastic electronics.<ref>{{cite web | title=Professor Sir Richard Friend: Developer of plastic electronics | publisher = Millennium Prize | date= 9 June 2010  | url=http://www.millenniumprize.fi/en/2010-prize/2010-10/professor-sir-richard-friend/ | access-date=10 June 2010 }}</ref>

In 2011 he was awarded the [[Harvey Prize]] of the Technion in Israel.<ref name="focus.technion.ac.il">[http://www.focus.technion.ac.il/Feb11/newsStory.asp?id=136  Harvey Prize 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320082022/http://www.focus.technion.ac.il/Feb11/newsStory.asp?id=136 |date=20 March 2012 }}</ref> He is a fellow of [[St John's College, Cambridge]]. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering]] (FREng) in 2002.

In 2013, Friend was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] for contributions to science, engineering, and commercialization of organic polymer semiconductor devices.

His nomination for the Royal Society reads: {{centred pull quote|Distinguished for his experimental study of the electronic properties of novel materials, principally organic materials, both semiconductors and metals, and inorganic materials with "low-dimensional" [[electronic structure]], including layer structure [[transition metal]] [[dichalcogenide]]s and [[cuprate superconductor]]s. He established the pressure/temperature [[phase diagram]]s for transition metal dichalcogenides, showing conditions for [[Charge density wave|CDW (Charge Density Wave)]] phases and superconducting phases in [[Tantalum(IV) sulfide|TaS2]], band crossing transition in [[Titanium disulfide|TiS2]] intercalation of transition metal dichalcogenides with various [[Lewis acids and bases|Lewis base]]s ([[alkali metal]]s, [[amine]]s), and use of controlled charge transfer to the host layer to fine-tune electronic structure to establish conditions for CDW [[superlattice]] formation, and mechanisms for charge transport.
He has made a major contribution to understanding the conditions for metallic, superconducting, magnetic and insulating [[ground state]]s in [[Bechgaard salt|organic charge transfer salts]]. Established the pressure/temperature phase diagram for the incommensurate and commensurate Charge Density Wave phases of [[Tetrathiafulvalene|TTF]]-[[Tetracyanoquinodimethane|TCNQ]]. He made the first observations of [[De Haas–van Alphen effect|de Haas van Alphen oscillation]]s in [[magnetic susceptibility]] in an [[Metalorganics|organic metal]]. He and his group has developed polymer processing techniques for conjugated polymers, and demonstrated [[Nonlinear system|non-linear]] [[Electron excitation|electronic excitation]]s through electrical and optical measurements. First construction of [[MOSFET|MOSFET (Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)]] with [[polyacetylene]] as active semiconductor, and demonstration of novel mechanism of operation, with novel behaviour and made the first construction of efficient, large area, polymeric semi-conductor [[Light-emitting diode|LED's (Light Emitting Diodes)]], based on [[Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)|polyphenylene-vinylene]].<ref name="royal">{{cite web |url=http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F1993%2F12%27) |title=EC/1993/12: Friend, Richard Henry. Library and Archive Catalogue |publisher=The Royal Society |archive-date=3 April 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140403205833/http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='EC/1993/12') |location=London |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>}}

==Personal life==
Friend lives in Cambridge with his wife, Carol Anne Maxwell (née Beales) with whom he has two daughters.<ref name="whoswho"/>

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}

==External links==
* {{Google scholar id|7H8OcfYAAAAJ}}

{{FRS 1993}}
{{Inkpot Award 2010s}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friend, Richard}}
[[Category:British physicists]]
[[Category:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:People educated at Rugby School]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National University of Singapore]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:British polymer scientists and engineers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Cavendish Professors of Physics]]