View source for Riduan Isamuddin

{{Short description|Indonesian Islamist militant imprisoned in the US (born 1964)}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2009}}
{{Infobox War on Terror detainee
 | name   = Riduan Isamuddin
 | image = Riduan Isamuddin.jpg
 | caption= Isamuddin in 2012
|birth_name=Encep Nurjaman
 | birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|1964|4|4}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/profiles/hambali.htm| title= Hambali| website= globalsecurity.org| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023175444/http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/profiles/hambali.htm| archive-date= 23 October 2015| access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://www.prs.mil/Portals/60/Documents/ISN10019/160331_U_ISN10019_GOVERNMENTS_UNCLASSIFIED_SUMMARY_PUBLIC.pdf JTF- GTMO Detainee Assessment] prs.mil</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=JTF- GTMO Detainee Assessment|website=nyt.com| url=https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/82494-isn-10019-hambali-riduan-isamuddin-jtf-gtmo/2e16d7dd564573db/full.pdf | access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref>
 | birth_place = [[Cianjur]], [[West Java]], Indonesia
 | detained_at    = [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[black site]]s, [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo]]
 | id_number      = 10019
 | charge         = Charged before a military commission in 2021
 |citizenship = 
 |arrest_date=August 11, 2003|arrest_place=[[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]], Thailand|alias=Hambali Nurjaman|group=[[Al-Qaeda]]<br />[[Jemaah Islamiyah]]}}

'''Riduan Isamuddin''',{{efn|Also [[transliteration|transliterated]] as '''Riduan Isamudin''', '''Riduan Isomuddin''', and '''Riduan Isomudin'''.}} also known by the ''[[nom de guerre]]''  '''Hambali''' (born April 4, 1964), is the former military leader of the Indonesian terrorist organization [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] (JI). He is currently in American custody at [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]] in [[Cuba]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guantanamo-hambali-idUSTRE62A5KL20100311 | work=Reuters | first=James | last=Vicini | title=Guantanamo prisoner known as Hambali seeks release | date=March 11, 2010 | access-date=2017-07-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144648/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/11/us-guantanamo-hambali-idUSTRE62A5KL20100311 | archive-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live }}</ref> He is currently awaiting trial in a military commission.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/31/us/politics/guantanamo-bali-bombing.html | title=Three Guantánamo Detainees Charged in 2002 Bali Bombing | newspaper=The New York Times | date=31 August 2021 | last1=Rosenberg | first1=Carol }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Ben |date=2021-08-30 |title=Bali bomb case starts in Guantanamo 18 years after capture |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-guantanamo-bali-bombings-military-commission-e309b757057f42ecba60eaae073c4d19 |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref>

Hambali was often described as "the [[Osama bin Laden]] of [[Southeast Asia]]". Some media reports describe him as bin Laden's lieutenant for [[Southeast Asia]]n operations. Other reports describe him as an independent peer. He was highly trusted by al-Qaeda and was the main link between the two organisations. Hambali was a close friend of [[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]], who planned the [[Bojinka plot]] and the [[September 11 attacks]]. Hambali envisioned creating a [[Muslim]] state, in the form of an [[Islam]]ic superpower (a [[theocracy]]) across Southeast [[Asia]], with himself as its leader ([[Caliph]]). His ambition was to rule [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Brunei]] and parts of the [[Philippines]], [[Myanmar]], and [[Thailand]].<ref name=criticism-of-four-corners>{{cite news
 |url          = http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/07/30/seasia.state/
 |title        = The quest for SE Asia's Islamic 'super' state
 |publisher    = [[CNN]]
 |author       = [[Maria Ressa]]
 |date         = August 29, 2002
 |access-date   = 2008-03-30
 |quote        = The main financier of the operation is alleged to have been Riduan Isamuddin, also known as Hambali, and now purported to be al Qaeda's main operative in Southeast Asia.
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080329032346/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/07/30/seasia.state/
 |archive-date = 2008-03-29
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref><ref name=TheAge20021015>{{cite news
 |url          = http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/14/1034561097562.html
 |title        = 'We will fight until we run out of blood'
 |newspaper    = [[The Age]]
 |date         = October 15, 2002
 |access-date   = 2008-03-30
 |quote        = In Malaysia, Bashir began to surround himself with a hard-core of militants. One of these was Hambali, alias Riduan Isamuddin, a 37-year-old Indonesian who fought against the Soviets. Today, he is described by Western sources as the chief operations officer of JI, and is reputedly the mastermind of al Qaeda cells in this part of the world.
 |location     = Melbourne
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080405004120/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/14/1034561097562.html
 |archive-date = 2008-04-05
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>

He received increasing attention in the aftermath of the [[2002 Bali bombings]], in which 202 people died.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf| title=Detainee Biographies| publisher=[[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901110613/http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=2009-09-01}}</ref>
He was eventually apprehended in a joint operation by the [[CIA]] and [[Thailand|Thai]] police in 2003. He is currently imprisoned in [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]] in Cuba, after three years of CIA custody in a secret location.

==Early life==
Riduan Isamuddin was born '''Encep Nurjaman''' in the [[rice]] belt of [[Sukamanah, Cibeber, Cianjur|Sukamanah]], a small village in [[Cianjur Regency]], in the province of [[West Java]], [[Indonesia]]. He was the son of a peasant farmer, and was the second of thirteen children. He first became involved with Jemaah Islamiyah as a teenager. He was a diligent student at his Islamic high school, Al-Ianah. He travelled to [[Afghanistan]] in 1983 to fight the [[Soviet Union]] during the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]. During his three years as a [[mujahid]], from 1987 to 1990, he met [[Osama bin Laden]]. Friends and family in Indonesia say they did not know of his activities overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WebCite query result|url=http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901110613/http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-09-01|website=www.webcitation.org|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

His name has been transliterated into English text in several different ways over the years, including;
* His name was spelled '''Hambali, Riduan bin Isomuddin''' on the Summary of Evidence memo prepared for his Combatant Status Review.<ref name=CsrtRiduanIsamuddinSummaryOfEvidence>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10019.pdf#1
 |title        = Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Hambali, Riduan bin Isomuddin
 |date         = February 9, 2007
 |publisher    = [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
 |author       = [[OARDEC]]
 |access-date   = April 13, 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070614232029/http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10019.pdf#1
 |archive-date = 2007-06-14
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>
* His name was spelled '''Ryuduan bin Isomuddin''' by [[Scott McClellan]] during a press briefing.<ref name=WhiteHouse20030814>{{cite web
 |date         = August 14, 2003
 |url          = https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/08/20030814-3.html
 |title        = Press Gaggle by Scott McClellan and a Senior Administration Official Aboard Air Force One
 |author       = [[Scott McClellan]]
 |publisher    = [[White House]]
 |access-date   = April 13, 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110728004603/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/08/20030814-3.html
 |archive-date = 2011-07-28
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>  McClellan spelled his name letter by letter.
* His name is spelled '''Riduan Isamuddin''' in the report of the [[9/11 Commission]].<ref name="r911">{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf
 |publisher    = [[9/11 Commission]]
 |title        = ''9/11 Commission Report''
 |access-date   = April 14, 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20161019203222/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf
 |archive-date = 2016-10-19
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>
* His name was spelled '''Nurjaman Riduan Isamuddin''' by the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury]].<ref name=USTreasury20060413>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/js4179.htm
 |publisher    = [[US Treasury]]
 |date         = April 13, 2006
 |title        = Treasury Designates Four Leaders of Terrorist Group "Jemaah Islamiyah"
 |access-date   = April 13, 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070414040708/https://www.treas.gov/press/releases/js4179.htm
 |archive-date = 2007-04-14
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

==Jemaah Islamiyah==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=March 2009}}
In 1991, Nurjaman returned to Cianjur for one week, before going to [[Malaysia]], where he met the two co-founders of JI, [[Abdullah Sungkar]] and [[Abubakar Bashir]]. The three lived in a housing compound in Kampung Sungai Manggis, [[Banting]], [[Selangor]]. Nurjaman internationalized the terrorist group's activities and took on a new name in his permanent residence permit: Riduan Isamuddin. His nickname, ''Hambali'', is an allusion to [[Hanbali]], an Islamic school of jurisprudence.

The two co-founders sent their students to "study" in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The students actually fought the Soviets until the Soviets pulled out of Afghanistan. A woman named Noralwizah Lee Abdullah had gone to Malaysia for religious schooling. She secretly married Isamuddin after meeting him at the Luqmanul Hakiem School in [[Ulu Tiram]], [[Johor]]. The school was founded by Sungkar and Bashir.

Initially, Isamuddin struggled to make a living for his family. He switched from selling [[kebabs]] to patenting medicines. He soon disappeared from his home for weeks at a time, and he received many visitors at home. He eventually came to own a red hatchback and several cell phones. Investigators say that many calls on those cell phones were made to [[Mohammed Jamal Khalifa]], Osama bin Laden's brother in law, who had arrived back in [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] in 1991.

After Arab visitors gave his family much money, he founded a [[shell (corporation)|shell company]], [[Konsojaya]], in June 1994. Ostensibly an import-export company trading in [[palm oil]] between Malaysia and [[Afghanistan]], it was essentially a front company for terrorism.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} [[Wali Khan Amin Shah]], who would become the financier of [[Operation Bojinka]], was a director of Konsojaya. The company provided financial assistance to the project until it was discovered by investigators on a laptop computer after an apartment fire on January 6, 1995. Shah was arrested in the Philippines but escaped on a short order. Shah was arrested in Malaysia in December 1995. Both Shah and mastermind [[Ramzi Yousef]], who escaped the Philippines but was arrested in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]], were extradited to the [[United States]]. They were both convicted and sentenced to life in prison for participating in the project.

==Hambali goes underground==
Hambali's company attracted attention of investigators so his dealings went quiet for a while.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} He decided to preach, raise money, and recruit for his cause. He went underground in 2000 and started a [[Christmas Eve 2000 Indonesia bombings|wave of church-bombings]] in Indonesia. He always had a "hands-on" technique; he met his foot soldiers and came to them "with detailed plans, plenty of cash and two of his own bombmakers." He always fled before the bombing commenced. Meanwhile, the spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, [[Abu Bakr Bashir]], was preaching [[jihad]] at his schools while denying links to Islamic militants.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}

Hambali planned and attended the January [[2000 Al Qaeda Summit]] in [[Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia]]. Among the others present were two [[Hijackers in the September 11 attacks|9/11 hijackers]], [[Khalid al-Mihdhar]] and [[Nawaf al-Hazmi]]. This gathering in Kuala Lumpur was observed by the [[CIA]] and Malaysian authorities, but what specifically was being said at the meetings was not picked up. Hambali also provided money and documents to [[Zacarias Moussaoui]] in October of that year. However claims by [[Singaporean]] security analyst [[Rohan Gunaratna]] that he had flown to [[Australia]] were dismissed by Australian authorities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Small|first1=David|title=Terrorism Expertise of Rohan Gunaratna Questioned|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0408/S00236.htm|access-date=17 March 2017|publisher=Scoop|date=24 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318001359/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0408/S00236.htm|archive-date=2017-03-18|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the 2002 Bali bombings, in which 202 people were killed, Hambali received more attention from the United States. In the years leading up to the attack, the Indonesian government's action against Islamic militants had been minimal. Following the attack, Abu Bakr Bashir was arrested as part of a crack down on Jemaah Islamiyah. He was wanted in Indonesia<ref name="smh">{{cite news
 |url          = http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/16/1034561203790.html
 |title        = Hunt for Hambali - the Osama of the Far East
 |newspaper    = [[Sydney Morning Herald]]
 |date         = 16 October 2002
 |access-date   = 2008-03-01
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080109230822/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/16/1034561203790.html
 |archive-date = 2008-01-09
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>
for the bombings of several churches in the region, and wanted for the Bali bombings and [[Singapore embassies attack plot|a failed plot on several targets in Singapore]].

==Capture==
Hambali used a series of safe-houses throughout [[Southeast Asia]], especially [[Thailand]] and [[Cambodia]], to move around. While he was in [[Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]], [[Thailand]], 75 kilometres north of [[Bangkok]], he was planning a [[terrorist attack]] against several Thai hotels and the [[Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation summit]] (APEC) in [[Bangkok]] in October 2003. Hambali had used a false [[Spain|Spanish]] [[passport]] to enter Thailand while his wife used her Malaysian passport.

Thai police found him as part of a joint operation between the Thai police and the [[CIA]] on August 11, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CIA Makes Major Al Qaeda Arrest|url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=129506&page=1|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hambali arrested in Thailand: reports - ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2003-08-15/hambali-arrested-in-thailand-reports/1464988|date=2003-08-15|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> The twenty uniformed and undercover police smashed down the door to his one bedroom apartment in Ayutthaya, and arrested him and 33-year-old Noralwizah Lee Abdullah, a [[China|Chinese]] [[Malaysia]]n who was considered to be his wife. Hambali was wearing a pair of jeans, a T-shirt, a baseball cap, and a pair of sunglasses. Police also seized [[explosive]]s and [[firearm]]s in the property. It marked the end of a 20-month hunt for Hambali, who was 37 years of age when he was captured.

According to a 2010 [[Associated Press]] report, by March 2004 Hambali was being held at a [[CIA black site]] in [[Rabat, Morocco]], and by October of that year he had been transferred to a black site in [[Bucharest, Romania]].<ref name=AP-blacksite>{{cite news|url=https://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/wdc/binalshibh/content.swf|work=[[The Associated Press]]|date=August 19, 2010|title=Secret jails: Terror suspect's odyssey through CIA's black sites|accessdate=June 3, 2021}}</ref> On September 6, 2006, [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] confirmed that Hambali was being held by the CIA and revealed that he had been transferred to [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp|Guantanamo Bay]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5321606.stm|title=Bush admits to CIA secret prisons|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2006-09-07|access-date=2006-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005161458/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5321606.stm|archive-date=2006-10-05|url-status=live}}</ref> His wife is now in [[Malaysia]]n custody.

On September 8, 2006, [[Indonesia]] formally requested access to Hambali to ensure a [[fair trial]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5326814.stm|title=Jakarta seeks access to Hambali|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2006-09-08|access-date=2006-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327103837/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5326814.stm|archive-date=2007-03-27|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hambali is also wanted in the Philippines for the transfer of explosives on Filipino soil in an attempt to transport them to [[Singapore]].

==Detention, interrogation and torture==
Following his capture the USA would not confirm or deny that he was in their custody. But on September 6, 2006, [[United States President|President]] [[George W. Bush]] acknowledged<ref name="admitted">[http://edition.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/09/06/bush.speech/index.html Bush: CIA holds terror suspects in secret prisons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516183504/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/09/06/bush.speech/index.html |date=2008-05-16 }}, CNN, 7 September 2006.</ref> the existence of covert, overseas [[CIA]] interrogation centres (colloquially known as [[black site]]s) and announced that 14 high-profile members (al Qaeda and other related groups) had been transported from those sites to Guantanamo Bay.<ref name=Abc2014-12-10/><ref  name=TheGuardian2014-12-10/><ref name=Reuters2014-12-11/><ref name=TheRenditionProjectHambali/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf| title=Detainee Biographies| publisher=[[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901110613/http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=2009-09-01}}</ref> Those 14 include Hambali and an alleged lieutenant of his called [[Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep]] alias Lillie or Li-Li.

On August 11, 2003, the United States government subjected Hambali to almost three years of isolation, interrogation and torture.<ref name=Abc2014-12-10/><ref  name=TheGuardian2014-12-10/><ref name=Reuters2014-12-11/><ref name=TheRenditionProjectHambali/>  Within days of his arrest, he was taken to an undisclosed secret detention facility where he was subject to "enhanced interrogation techniques" (EITs) inflicted by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for approximately three years as part of the notorious Rendition, Detention and Interrogation (RDI) program, which is now commonly known as the "Torture Program."

But a complete description of his torture as well as the locations in which it occurred remained classified by the United States government.<ref name=Abc2014-12-10/><ref  name=TheGuardian2014-12-10/><ref name=Reuters2014-12-11/><ref name=TheRenditionProjectHambali/>  Only limited amounts of information describing his torture have been released - first from the International Committee of the Red Cross Report on the Treatment of Fourteen 'High-Value Detainees' in CIA Custody dated February 2007 and later by the SSCI Report in 2014.

According to the 2014 Senate Intelligence Committee report, Hambali was told by an interrogator that he would never go to court:  "We can never let the world know what I have done to you."<ref name=Abc2014-12-10/><ref  name=TheGuardian2014-12-10/><ref name=Reuters2014-12-11/><ref name=TheRenditionProjectHambali/><ref>Executive Summary, Findings and Conclusions, and Foreword by Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) Chairman Dianne Feinstein, of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence's study of the Central Intelligence Agency's Detention and Interrogation Program, released on or about December of 2014 (SSCI "Torture Report") at xiii.</ref>

== Combatant Status Review ==

The [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]] asserted that: 
<blockquote>the protections of the [[Geneva Conventions]] did not extend to captured prisoners who are not members of the regular Afghan armed force nor meet the criteria for prisoner of war for voluntary forces.<ref name=Bbc2002-01-21>{{cite news
| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1773140.stm
| title=Q&A: What next for Guantanamo prisoners?
| publisher=[[BBC News]]
| date=2002-01-21
| access-date=2008-11-24
| archive-date=2008-11-23
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123204530/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1773140.stm
| url-status=bot: unknown
}}</ref></blockquote> 
Critics argued the Conventions obliged the U.S. to conduct [[competent tribunal]]s to determine the status of prisoners. Subsequently, the [[U.S. Department of Defense]] instituted [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s (CSRTs), to determine whether detainees met the new definition of an "[[enemy combatant]]".

"Enemy combatant" was defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as: 
<blockquote>an individual who was part of, or supporting, the Taliban, or al-Qaeda forces, or associated forces that are engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners.  This includes any person who commits a belligerent act or has directly supported hostilities in aid of enemy armed forces.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050910220407/http://www.defense.gov/news/Sep2005/d20050908process.pdf "Guatanamo Detainee Processes,"] United States Department of Defense, updated October 2, 2007, accessed February 23, 2010</ref></blockquote>

The CSRTs are not bound by the [[rules of evidence]] that would normally apply in civilian court, and the government’s evidence is presumed to be “genuine and accurate.”<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22173.pdf |title=Detainees at Guantanamo Bay: Report for Congress |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |first=Jennifer K. |last=Elsea  |date=July 20, 2005 |access-date=2007-11-10 }}</ref>
From July 2004 through March 2005, CSRTs were convened to determine whether each prisoner had been correctly classified as an "enemy combatant".

Riduan Isamuddin was among the 60% of prisoners who chose to participate in tribunal hearings.<ref>[[OARDEC]], [http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/index_CSRT_detainees_testimony.pdf Index to Transcripts of Detainee Testimony and Documents Submitted by Detainees at Combatant Status Review Tribunals Held at Guantanamo Between July 2004 and March 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203004301/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/csrt_arb/index_CSRT_detainees_testimony.pdf |date=2007-12-03 }}, September 4, 2007</ref> A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for the tribunal of each detainee, listing the allegations that supported their detention as an "enemy combatant".

Riduan Isamuddin's memo accused him of the following:<ref name=CsrtRiduanIsamuddinTranscript>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10019.pdf#1
 |title        = Combatant Status Review Tribunal, transcript 10017
 |date         = April 4, 2007
 |publisher    = [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
 |author       = [[OARDEC]]
 |access-date   = April 13, 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070614232029/http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10019.pdf#1
 |archive-date = 2007-06-14
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>

The [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] announced on August 9, 2007 that all fourteen of the "high-value detainees" who had been transferred to Guantanamo from the CIA's [[black site]]s, had been officially classified as "enemy combatants".<ref name=Time20070809>{{cite news
| url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1651680,00.html
| title=Pentagon: 14 Guantanamo Suspects Are Now Combatants
| date=August 9, 2007
| publisher=[[Time magazine]]
| author=Lolita C. Baldur
| author-link=Lolita C. Baldur
| access-date=May 25, 2022
| archive-date=October 19, 2012
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019144816/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1651680,00.html
| url-status=dead
}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20201104104008/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20070324/ai_n18757735 mirror]</ref> Although judges [[Peter Brownback]] and [[Keith J. Allred]] had ruled two months earlier that only "''illegal'' enemy combatants" could face military commissions, the Department of Defense waived the qualifier and said that all fourteen men could now face charges before [[Guantanamo military commission]]s.<ref name=DoDKhadrChargesDismissed20070604>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=46281
| title=Charges Dismissed Against Canadian at Guantanamo
| author=Sergeant Sara Wood
| author-link=Sara Wood (military writer)
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
| date=June 4, 2007
| access-date=2007-06-07
}}</ref><ref name=DoDHamdanChargesDismissed20070604>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=46288
| title=Judge Dismisses Charges Against Second Guantanamo Detainee
| author=Sergeant
| author-link=Sergeant
| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
| date=June 4, 2007
| access-date=2007-06-07
}}</ref>

==Possible transfer to Washington, D.C. for a civilian trial==
According to [[Xinhua]], the state-owned newspaper of the [[Chinese Communist Party]], the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] was considering transferring Riduan Isamuddin to [[Washington, D.C.]] for a civilian trial.<ref name=Xinhua2010-01-16>{{cite news
| url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/16/content_12819011.htm
| title=U.S. may bring key Guantanamo detainee to Washington for trials: officials
| publisher=[[Xinhua]]
| date=2010-01-16
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323162456/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/16/content_12819011.htm
| url-status=dead
| archive-date=2010-03-23
}}</ref>

==Joint Review Task Force==

When he assumed office in January 2009, [[United States President|President]] [[Barack Obama]] made a number of promises about the future of Guantanamo.<ref name=finn1>
{{cite news
| title = Justice task force recommends about 50 Guantanamo detainees be held indefinitely
| author = Peter Finn
| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/21/AR2010012104936.html
| newspaper = Washington Post
| date = January 22, 2010
| access-date = July 21, 2010
| archive-date = 2015-05-04
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150504225142/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/21/AR2010012104936.html
| url-status = live
}}
</ref><ref name=finn2>
{{cite news
| title = Most Guantanamo detainees low-level fighters, task force report says
| author = Peter Finn
| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/28/AR2010052803873.html
| newspaper = Washington Post
| date = May 29, 2010
| access-date = July 21, 2010
| archive-date = 2015-05-10
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150510052105/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/28/AR2010052803873.html
| url-status = live
}}
</ref><ref name=AndyWorthington2010-06-11>
{{cite web
| author = Andy Worthington
| url = http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/2010/06/11/does-obama-really-know-or-care-about-who-is-at-guantanamo/
| title = Does Obama Really Know or Care About Who Is at Guantánamo?
| date = June 11, 2010
| access-date = July 21, 2010
| archive-date = 2010-06-16
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100616161842/http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/2010/06/11/does-obama-really-know-or-care-about-who-is-at-guantanamo
| url-status = live
}}
</ref>
He promised the use of torture would cease at the camp.  He promised to institute a new review system.  That new review system was composed of officials from six departments, where the OARDEC reviews were conducted entirely by the Department of Defense.  When it reported back, a year later, the [[Joint Review Task Force]] classified some individuals as too dangerous to be transferred from Guantanamo, even though there was no evidence to justify laying charges against them. On April 9, 2013, that document was made public after a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] request.<ref name=Unchargeable71>
{{cite news 
| url         = https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1020057-guantanamo-parole-list.html
| title       = 71 Guantanamo Detainees Determined Eligible to Receive a Periodic Review Board as of April 19, 2013
| publisher   = [[Joint Review Task Force]]
| date        = 2013-04-09 
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150519230955/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1020057-guantanamo-parole-list.html
| archive-date = 2015-05-19
| access-date  = 2015-05-18
| url-status     = live 
}}
</ref>
Riduan Isamuddin was one of the 71 individuals deemed too innocent to charge, but too dangerous to release.
Although Obama promised that those deemed too innocent to charge, but too dangerous to release would start to receive reviews from a [[Periodic Review Board]] as less than a quarter of men have received a review. Isamuddin was denied approval for transfer on September 19, 2016.<ref>[https://www.prs.mil/Portals/60/Documents/ISN10019/161025_U_FOUO_ISN10019_FINAL_DETERMNATION_PUBLIC_v1.pdf Final determination] prs.mil</ref>

==Further reading==
Some of the above information about Hambali, and more, can be read in the report<ref name="r911"/> of the 9-11 Commission.

==In popular culture==
* ''[[Channel 9 MCOT HD|Modernine TV]]'' discussed Hambali on ''TimeLine'', 30 December 2018, in "Black Magic Operations".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwXnDzPI9yE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/PwXnDzPI9yE |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=ข่าวดังข้ามเวลา ตอน "Black Magic Operations ปฏิบัติการลับจับฮัมบาลี" [คลิปเต็มรายการ]|last=สํานักข่าวไทย TNAMCOT|date=30 December 2018|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Hambali is portrayed by Indonesian actor/singer [[Surya Saputra]] in the movie ''[[Long Road to Heaven]]''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Long Road to Heaven (2007) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0948450/fullcredits |access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{More footnotes needed|date=February 2008}}

{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=Abc2014-12-10>{{cite news
 |url          = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-10/senate-report-questions-results-of-hambali-interrogation/5957358
 |title        = US Senate report, declassified cables question results of CIA's interrogation of Hambali
 |work         = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
 |author       = Peter Lloyd
 |date         = 2014-12-10
 |access-date   = 2018-06-28
 |quote        = Top secret cables, now declassified, revealed the torture of Hambali began one month after his capture.
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170628002458/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-10/senate-report-questions-results-of-hambali-interrogation/5957358
 |archive-date = 2017-06-28
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>

<ref name=TheGuardian2014-12-10>{{cite news
 |url          = https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/10/us-senate-rejects-cia-claims-torture-key-capture-bali-bombings-suspect
 |title        = US Senate rejects CIA claims torture was key to capture of Bali bombings suspect
 |work         = [[The Guardian]]
 |author       = Paul Farrell
 |date         = 2014-12-10
 |access-date   = 2018-06-28
 |quote        = Hambali was one of eight key examples given by the agency to justify the success of "enhanced interrogation" techniques.
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180629050203/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/10/us-senate-rejects-cia-claims-torture-key-capture-bali-bombings-suspect
 |archive-date = 2018-06-29
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>

<ref name=Reuters2014-12-11>{{cite news
 |url          = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cia-hambali/did-torture-really-help-u-s-find-al-qaeda-chief-hambali-idUSKBN0JP08O20141211
 |title        = Did torture really help U.S. find al Qaeda chief Hambali?
 |work         = [[Reuters]]
 |author       = Alistair Bell
 |date         = 2014-12-11
 |location     = [[Washington, DC]]
 |access-date   = 2018-06-28
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180629050129/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cia-hambali/did-torture-really-help-u-s-find-al-qaeda-chief-hambali-idUSKBN0JP08O20141211
 |archive-date = 2018-06-29
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>

<ref name=TheRenditionProjectHambali>{{cite web
 |url          = https://www.therenditionproject.org.uk/prisoners/hambali.html
 |title        = RIDUAN ISAMUDDIN (HAMBALI)
 |work         = [[The Rendition Project]]
 |access-date   = 2018-06-28
 |quote        = It was at this point that Hambali entered CIA custody, and was, according to CIA records cited by the SSCI report, almost immediately subjected to "enhanced interrogation techniques". There are no declassified records detailing the torture of Hambali, although there are cables recording the fact that he later recanted the information he provided under torture, which he gave "in an attempt to reduce the pressure on himself... and to give an account that was consistent with what he assessed the questioners wanted to hear." <!-- An Indonesian-speaking debriefer later suggested that Hambali had not in fact been resistant to initial questioning (the rationale for deploying EITs) – his poor English language skills and cultural norms dictating his answers instead. Hambali himself has testified that he was kept naked for most of the first six weeks of his detention in Afghanistan. Clothes were provided during the second week, but then removed again. He has also said that he was beaten repeatedly, with his interrogators placing a thick collar around his neck and then slamming him against walls. -->
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180629074228/https://www.therenditionproject.org.uk/prisoners/hambali.html
 |archive-date = 2018-06-29
 |url-status     = live
}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|CSRT Summary of Evidence memo for Riduan Isamuddin}}
* [https://archive.today/20130221062357/http://thestar.com.my/services/printerfriendly.asp?file=/2003/8/17/nation/6077032.asp Info about Hambali's wife]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040207091818/http://quickstart.clari.net/qs_se/webnews/wed/cu/Qattacks-hambali-thailand.RTS__DaF.html Hambali's arrest] - Information about Hambali's arrest
* [http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,7625918%255E1702,00.html Thailand thanked for Hambali arrest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310061041/http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,7625918%255E1702,00.html |date=2005-03-10 }} - More information about Hambali's arrest
* [https://archive.today/20130221055520/http://thestar.com.my/services/printerfriendly.asp?file=/2003/9/8/nation/6228302.asp The Star Source] - Malaysian article about Hambali's early life, including his full DOB{{dead link|date=April 2018}}
* {{cite magazine|author=Elegant, Simon|url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/malay_terror/hambali.html|title=Asia's Own Osama|magazine=[[Time Asia]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020327120723/http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/malay_terror/hambali.html|archive-date=2002-03-27}}
* [http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/topstories/0,4133,TopStories-1061567940,00.html Singapore newspaper] about Hambali and his wife{{dead link|date=April 2018}}
* {{cite web | last=Ressa | first=Maria | title=The quest for SE Asia's Islamic 'super' state | website=CNN.com | date=29 August 2002 | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/07/30/seasia.state/ | access-date=14 May 2024}}
* {{cite web | last=Wright-Neville | first=David | title=Jemaah Islamiah split but still deadly | website=BBC NEWS | date=3 October 2005 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2983612.stm | access-date=14 May 2024}}

{{HighValue|state=collapsed}}
{{CIAPrisons}}
{{WoTPrisoners}}
{{Al-Qaeda}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Isamuddin, Riduan}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Cianjur]]
[[Category:Indonesian Islamists]]
[[Category:Indonesian al-Qaeda members]]
[[Category:Jemaah Islamiyah]]
[[Category:Detainees of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]
[[Category:Indonesian extrajudicial prisoners of the United States]]
[[Category:2002 Bali bombings]]