View source for Ro-Busters

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{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox comics organization<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics-->

|image        = |noimage=yes
|imagesize    = <!-- default 250 -->
|caption      =
|publisher    = [[Fleetway]]
|debut        = ''[[Starlord (comics)|Starlord]]'' No. 1
|debutmo      = May
|debutyr      = 1978
|debuthead    = Starlord
|debut1       = ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]'' No. 86
|debutmo1     = October
|debutyr1     = 1978
|debuthead1   = 2000 AD
|creators     = [[Pat Mills]]<br />[[Kevin O'Neill (comics)|Kevin O'Neill]]
|type         =
|business     =
|organisation =
|organization =
|team         = y
|base         =
|owners       = Howard Quartz
|employees    =
|members      = [[Hammerstein (robot)|Hammerstein]]<br />[[ABC Warriors#Ro-Jaws|Ro-Jaws]]<br />[[ABC Warriors#Mek-Quake|Mek-Quake]]<br />Chatterbox
|fullroster   =
|cat          =
|subcat       = 2000 AD
|hero         = y
|villain      =
}}

'''''Ro-Busters''''' is a British [[comics|comic]] story that formed part of the original line-up of the magazine ''[[Starlord (comics)|Starlord]]''. Similar in premise to that of the ''[[Thunderbirds (TV series)|Thunderbirds]]'' television series, it was created by writer [[Pat Mills]] and was drawn by [[Carlos Pino]] and [[Ian Kennedy (comic artist)|Ian Kennedy]] initially, before ''Starlord''{{'}}s merger with ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]''. After the merger, [[Dave Gibbons]], [[Kevin O'Neill (comics)|Kevin O'Neill]] and [[Mike McMahon (comics)|Mike McMahon]] were regular artists on the series, along with occasional contributions from [[Mike Dorey]].

Along with ''[[Strontium Dog]]'', ''Ro-Busters'' survived ''Starlord''{{'}}s merger with ''2000 AD'', its sister comic at IPC Magazines Ltd. The series introduced the decommissioned war robot [[Hammerstein (robot)|Hammerstein]] and the sewer robot [[ABC Warriors#Ro-Jaws|Ro-Jaws]], and gave rise to the popular ''[[ABC Warriors]]'' series.

==Mandate==
''Robots are going to take over Man's dirtiest jobs . . . clearing his garbage, tending his sick, even fighting his wars! By the year 2078 people will change their robots as today they change their cars. So step now through the slick plasto-glass doors of "Flash" Harry Lowder's robo-mart in the year 2078 . . .''<ref>Quoted from ''Ro-Busters'' "Day of the Robot", ''[[Starlord (comics)|Starlord]]'' [[Starzine]] 1.</ref>

==Publication history==
The story was one of those aimed at being the core of the new title ''[[Starlord (comics)|Starlord]]'', a sister-comic to ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]''. The concept was based on a suggestion from managing editor [[John Sanders (comics)|John Sanders]] and, according to writer [[Pat Mills]] "I did this really as a favour and as a way of pissing off the managing editor who pitched an idea to me about ex-servicemen with super powers who deal with disasters. It was a dreadful idea and I bypassed it by doing Ro-Busters, which he hated – so I knew my story would be a hit"<ref>Bishop (2007) page 40</ref> Although he had stayed with ''2000 AD'', and would go on to be the art editor there, [[Kevin O'Neill (comics)|Kevin O'Neill]] provided the initial designs for ''Ro-Buster''<ref>Bishop (2007) page 41</ref> but would only draw the series later after its move to ''2000 AD''.

The stories were drawn by a number of artists and [[Dave Gibbons]] has fond memories of his work on ''Ro-Busters'':

{{blockquote|I used to love doing Ro-Busters. I think the "Terra-Meks" story was arguably one of my finest hours. It was a great script Pat wrote for that, really emotional and kind of ''2000 AD'' at its best. Grandiose, outrageous concepts, yet with a real humanity and emotional depth to it as well.<ref>Bishop (2007) page 45</ref>}}

Hammerstein, Ro-Jaws and Mek-Quake would go on to be members of the [[ABC Warriors]], first introduced in Hammerstein's flashbacks to his time in the [[Volgan War]].

After the launch of ''ABC Warriors'' Pat Mills did not write another ''Ro-Busters'' story for thirty-five years, but there were a number of one-offs published in the ''2000 AD Annual'' during the early eighties, most notable three stories by [[Alan Moore]] which were the last ''Ro-Busters'' tales.

==Overview==
''Ro-Busters'' depicts a world where artificially intelligent robots are so ubiquitous they are treated with contempt by humans and there is a class hierarchy among the robots themselves. Ro-Busters is a commercial rescue organisation run by Howard Quartz, known as "Mr. 10 Per Cent" because 90% of him is robotic (a 'person' must have at least 10% organic matter to qualify as human). Quartz uses robots to carry out his perilous rescue missions because no-one cares if they live or die. Any insubordination in the ranks is dealt with by his enforcer, the psychotic and stupid "kill-dozer" Mek-Quake. Ro-Jaws and Hammerstein, the two main characters, are hugely courageous but after each successful mission they are usually greeted with indifference by the authorities.

When the owner of Ro-Busters decides to destroy the robots in an 'accident' as a tax evasion measure, Ro-Jaws and Hammerstein lead an escape plot. Once free they learn that a robot underground exists and that a safe haven for free robots has been established on the [[Saturn]]'s moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]]. The Ro-Busters by this stage are being pursued by a ruthless police unit charged with suppressing robot liberation. A transport is arranged to take the robots to Titan but at the last moment the police close in so Ro-Jaws and Hammerstein with a few volunteers lead a seeming suicide mission to fight off the authorities and buy time for their comrades to escape. The mission is a success and Ro-Jaws and Hammerstein are seen dancing into the sunset.

The series has a high degree of satiric comment on contemporary life as [[Pat Mills]] had shown on other series. The corrupt and malicious police squad sent to capture the robots is a parody of the [[Special Patrol Group]]. Some claim the wilful destruction of a productive and loyal workforce reflects the effects of [[Thatcherism]] – though the storyline was already well underway before the first Thatcher government had been elected. Ro-Jaws and Hammerstein's names are a word play on the musical writing pairing of [[Rodgers and Hammerstein]] and the story also features a number of song and dance routines.

Ro-Busters would turn up in [[Invasion! (2000 AD)|''Savage Book Five'']], set in an alternate 2009; a human Howard Quartz and his Ro-Busters company designed the first [[ABC Warriors]] to liberate Volgan-occupied territories. Quartz was revealed to be the brother of the US vice-president [[Dick Cheney|Dick Quartz]] and a leading arms manufacturer; when the U.S. was neutral towards the [[Volgans]], Quartz had secretly sold weapons to them via murky legal means.

==Stories==
''[[2000 AD (comics)#Crossovers|Timeline]]:'' 2078 – 2080

*'''Day of the Robot'''
''Starlord'' Starzine 1 (prologue)
Unable to find buyers for his merchandise, robot dealer "Flash" Harry Lowder orders his second-hand robots to report to Mek-Quake for destruction. Ro-Jaws and Hammer-Stein are among those droids saved due to a timely intervention by billionaire entrepreneur, Howard "Mr. Ten Per Cent" Quartz.
*'''The North Sea Tunnel'''
''[[Starlord (comics)|Starlord]]'' Starzine 1 (1 episode)
A submarine crashes through the North Sea Tunnel connecting Britain and Scandinavia.

*'''Red Mist'''
''Starlord'' Starzines 2 – 4 (3 episodes)
An experimental gas leaks through the Florida swamps. Humans and animals alike succumb to its effects, causing them to go insane with violent consequences.

*'''Midpoint'''
''Starlord'' Starzines 5 – 6 (2 episodes)
As part of a secret US program, Lep-574 is the latest rocket launched from the Yucca desert, Nevada. Containing nuclear waste bound for outer-space, the rocket malfunctions, crashing into Midpoint, London's foremost conference tower.

*'''The Ritz Space Hotel'''
''Starlord'' Starzines 7 – 12 (6 episodes)

*'''Farnborough Droid Show'''
''Starlord'' Starzines 13 – 14 (2 episodes)

*'''Massacre on the Moon'''
''Starlord'' Starzines 15 – 19 (5 episodes)

*'''The Taxman Cometh!'''
''Starlord'' Starzines 20 – 22 (3 episodes)

*'''Death on the Orient Express'''
''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]'' [[2000 AD (comics)#Glossary|Progs]] Progs 86 – 87 (2 episodes)

*'''Hammer-Stein's War Memoirs'''
''2000 AD'' [[2000 AD (comics)#Glossary|Progs]] 88 – 92 (5 episodes)
Hammerstein recounts his war stories as the first successful war robot fighting against the Volgans alongside humans.

*'''Ro-Jaws's Memoirs'''
''2000 AD'' [[2000 AD (comics)#Glossary|Progs]] 93 – 97 (5 episodes)

*'''The Terra-Meks'''
''2000 AD'' [[2000 AD (comics)#Glossary|Progs]] 98 – 101 (4 episodes)
Plans to flatten and redevelop an old port go wrong when the demolition team – the gargantuan but particularly low intelligence Terra-Meks – go on the rampage. The harbour pilot, an equally large but good-natured robot stops them. The only member of the Ro-busters to appear is Mek-Quake.

*'''The Rise and Fall of Ro-Jaws and Hammer-Stein'''
''2000 AD'' [[2000 AD (comics)#Glossary|Progs]] 103 – 115 (13 episodes)
The robots escape a planned insurance write-off when their transport craft is blown up by their own boss. They find out about the robot underground that takes robots to safety on a moon in the outer solar system. To help the others get away, a few robots (led by Hammerstein, and including Ro-jaws) stay behind.

*'''Avalanche!'''
''[[2000 AD (comics)#Related publications|2000 AD Annual]]'' 1980 (1 episode)

*'''Earthquake!'''
''2000 AD Annual'' 1981 (1 episode)

*'''Bax the Burner'''
''2000 AD Annual'' 1982 (1 episode) written by [[Alan Moore]]

*'''Old Red Eyes is Back!'''
''2000 AD Annual'' 1983 (1 episode) written by [[Alan Moore]]

*'''Stormeagles Are Go!'''
''2000 AD Annual'' 1984 (1 episode) written by [[Alan Moore]]

*'''Ro-Busters'''
''Starlord Summer Special 1978'' (1 episode)

*'''Ro-Jaws'''
''Starlord Annual 1980'' (1 episode)

*'''Ro-Busters'''
''Starlord Annual 1981'' (1 episode)

*'''Seeing Red'''
''2000 AD 40th Anniversary Special'' (1 episode, 2017)

==Judge Dredd==
''Ro-Busters'' makes three references<ref>"Hammer-Stein's War Memoirs" (part 4) ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]'' Prog 91, page 1.3, "The Terra-Meks" (part 1) ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]'' Prog 98, page 1.1 and "The Rise and Fall of Ro-Jaws and Hammerstein" (part 1) ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]'' Prog 103, Page 6.2.</ref> to [[Mega-City One]], the vast megalopolis patrolled by [[Judge Dredd]].

Mek-Quake also appears in one Walter the Wobot story set in Mega-City One, along with Judge Dredd himself.

A Judge appears in ''[[Nemesis the Warlock]]'' Book V: The Vengeance of Thoth, which also features Hammerstein, Ro-Jaws and Mek-Quake.

==Collected editions==
The stories have been collected into one [[trade paperback (comics)|trade paperback]]:

*''Ro-Busters'' (collected in ''The Complete Ro-Busters'', 336 pages, Rebellion, November 2008, {{ISBN|1-905437-82-X}}):
** "The North Sea Tunnel" (by [[Pat Mills]], with art by [[Carlos Pino]], in ''[[Starlord (comics)|Starlord]]'' No. 1, 1978)
** "The Preying Mantis" (by Pat Mills, with art by Carlos Pino (#2, 4) and [[Dave Gibbons]] (#3), in ''Starlord'' #2–4, 1978)
** "Midpoint" (by [[Chris Lowder]] as Bill Henry, with art by [[Ian Kennedy (comic artist)|Ian Kennedy]], in ''Starlord'' #5–6, 1978)
** "The Ritz Space Hotel" (by Pat Mills, with Carlos Pino, in ''Starlord'' #7–12, 1978)
** "Farnborough Droid Show" (by Pat Mills as V. Gross, with Ian Kennedy, in ''Starlord'' #13–14, 1978)
** "Massacre on the Moon" (by Chris Lowder, with Carlos Pino (#15, 17, 19), [[Jose Luis Ferrer]] (#16, 18), in ''Starlord'' #15–19, 1978)
** "The Tax Man Cometh!" (by Chris Lowder, with Jose Luis Ferrer (#20, 22), Carlos Pino (#21), in ''Starlord'' #20–22, 1978)
** "Death on the Orient Express" (by Pat Mills, with art by Dave Gibbons, in ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]'' #86–87, 1978)
** "Hammerstein's War Memoirs" (by Pat Mills, with art by [[Kevin O'Neill (comics)|Kevin O'Neill]], [[Mike Dorey]] and Dave Gibbons, in ''2000 AD'' #88–92, 1978)
** "Ro-Jaws Memoirs" (by Pat Mills, with art by Mike Dorey, in ''2000 AD'' #93–97, 1978–1979)
** "The Terra-Meks" (by Pat Mills, with art by Dave Gibbons, in ''2000 AD'' #98–101, 1979)
** "Fall & Rise of Ro-Jaws and Hammerstein" (by Pat Mills, with art by Kevin O'Neill and [[Mike McMahon (comics)|Mike McMahon]], in ''2000 AD'' #103–115, 1979)
** "Avalanche!" (by an uncredited author, with art by [[Kev F. Sutherland]], in ''2000 AD Annual 1980'', 1979)
** "Earthquake!" (by [[Chris Stevens (writer)|Chris Stevens]], with art by [[Dave Harwood]], in ''2000 AD Annual 1981'', 1980)
** "Bax the Burner" (by [[Alan Moore]], with art by [[Steve Dillon]], in ''2000 AD Annual 1982'', 1981)
** "Old Red Eyes is Back" (by Alan Moore, with art by [[Bryan Talbot]], in ''2000 AD Annual 1983'', 1982)
** "Stormeagles are Go!" (by Alan Moore, with art by [[Joe Eckers]], in ''2000 AD Annual 1984'', 1983)

==See also==
*[[List of fictional robots and androids]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*[[David Bishop (writer)|Bishop, David]], ''[[Thrill-Power Overload]]'' ([[Rebellion Developments]], 260 pages, February 2007, {{ISBN|1-905437-22-6}})
*[http://www.2000ad.org/?zone=thrill&page=profiles&choice=ROBUST Ro-Busters] at 2000 AD online
*{{comicbookdb|type=team|id=1527|title=Ro-Busters}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.dreamnation.fsnet.co.uk/robusters.html Ro-Busters] at dream nation

[[Category:Comics by Pat Mills]]
[[Category:Robot characters in comics]]
[[Category:Fictional robots]]
[[Category:2000 AD comic strips]]
[[Category:2000 AD characters]]
[[Category:Comics by Dave Gibbons]]
[[Category:1978 comics debuts]]
[[Category:Comics characters introduced in 1978]]