View source for Rolodex

{{Short description|Rotating card file device}}
[[File:Rolodex.agr.jpg|thumb|A Rolodex file used in the 1970s]]
A '''Rolodex''' is a rotating card file device used to store a [[contact list]]. In this usage, it has generally come to describe an effect or characteristic of the [[small-world network]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Brügemann |first1=Björn |last2=Gautier |first2=P. |last3=Menzio |first3=G. |date=2017 |title=Rolodex Game in Networks |url=https://web-facstaff.sas.upenn.edu/~gmenzio/linkies/Rolodex.pdf |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=web-facstaff.sas.upenn.edu |s2cid=212425470 |language=en}}</ref> of a business's investors,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hui |first=Pamsy P. |date=2004-08-01 |title=The rolodex paradox: effects of ties to and via venture capitalists on startup survival and commercial success. |url=https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/ambpp.2004.13857681 |journal=Academy of Management Proceedings |volume=2004 |issue=1 |pages=E1–E6 |doi=10.5465/ambpp.2004.13857681 |issn=0065-0668|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[board of directors]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nguyen |first=Bang Dang |date=2012-02-01 |title=Does the Rolodex Matter? Corporate Elite's Small World and the Effectiveness of Boards of Directors |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1457 |journal=Management Science |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=236–252 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.1110.1457 |issn=0025-1909|url-access=subscription }}</ref> or the value of a CEO's contacts,<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://academic.oup.com/rfs/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/rfs/hhs114 |access-date=2022-08-21 |journal=Review of Financial Studies |doi=10.1093/rfs/hhs114|title=The Price of a CEO's Rolodex |year=2013 |last1=Engelberg |first1=Joseph |last2=Gao |first2=Pengjie |last3=Parsons |first3=Christopher A. |volume=26 |pages=79–114 |citeseerx=10.1.1.825.7702}}</ref> or in [[organizational structure]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Perlman |first1=Merrill  |date=2020-04-16 |title='Rolodex,' on rotation |url=https://www.cjr.org/language_corner/rolodex-history.php |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Columbia Journalism Review |language=en}}</ref> Models have been exhibited in the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref>{{Cite tech report |last1=Nissen |first1=Mark E. |last2=Sawy |first2=Omar A. |date=2002-09-01 |title=The Rolodex Model: Understanding Relationship Complexity as a Precursor to the Design of Organizational Forms for Chaotic Environments |location=Monterey, CA |institution=Naval Postgraduate School |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA407951 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The Rolodex was invented in 1956 by Danish engineer Hildaur Neilsen, the chief engineer of [[Arnold Neustadter]]'s company [[Zephyr American]], a stationery manufacturer in New York.<ref>{{cite patent |country=US |number=2731966A |status=patent |title=Rotary card-filing device |gdate=1956-01-24 |fdate=1953-03-26 |inventor1-first=Hildaur L. |inventor1-last=Neilsen |assign1=Zephyr American Corporation |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2731966}}.</ref> Neustadter was often credited with having invented it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arnold Neustadter, 85, who invented the Rolodex card... |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1996-04-20-1996111050-story.html |date=1996-04-20 |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Baltimore Sun}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hampson |first1=Rick |title=Rolodex Inventor Dead at 85; Created the Business World's Wheel of Fortune |url=https://apnews.com/article/9dbeaab107c6d7a1730b6e663d968223 |date=1996-04-19 |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> First marketed in 1958,<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/rolodex.htm
| title=Fascinating facts about the invention of Rolodex by Hildaur Neilsen in 1954.
| date=2006-06-09
| access-date=2014-09-04
| archive-date=2010-12-17
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217103215/http://ideafinder.com/history/inventions/rolodex.htm
| url-status=dead
}}</ref> it was an improvement to an earlier design called the ''Wheeldex''. Zephyr American also invented, manufactured and sold the ''Autodex'', a spring-operated phone directory that automatically opened to the selected letter; ''Swivodex'', an inkwell that did not spill; ''Punchodex'', a paper hole puncher; and ''Clipodex'', an office aid that attached to a stenographer's knee.<ref>{{cite web
 |url        = http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/Rolodex.htm
 |archive-url = http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20081107153618/http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/Rolodex.htm
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-date = 2008-11-07
 |title      = History of the Rolodex - Hildaur Neilson invented the Rolodex
 |first      = Mary
 |last       = Bellis
 |access-date = 2014-09-04
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grossman |first=Anna Jane |date=2010-03-20 |title=The Life and Death of the Rolodex |url=https://gizmodo.com/the-life-and-death-of-the-rolodex-5497511 |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Gizmodo |language=en-us}}</ref> 
Rolodex also marketed non-rotary (linear) tub-like card-file systems using the same cards (size and notches) as the rotary files. 

Neustadter retired and sold out to a larger firm in 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lasker |first1=David |date=1990-01-28 |title=ICONS: Rolodex: A Rotary File Comes Full Circle |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-28-tm-1087-story.html |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The Rolodex remained popular throughout the 1980s, and individual Rolodexes containing a large amount of information were considered valuable, and lawsuits were filed by companies against employees who attempted to take their Rolodex with them when leaving the company. A 1985 episode of the detective TV series ''[[Moonlighting (TV series)|Moonlighting]]'' involved a stolen Rolodex being ransomed for $50,000 — a figure reflecting the value of the data it contained. The system fell out of widespread use in the 2000s, as digital storage became the norm. However, Rolodex cards are still produced, and have a niche usership.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/the-life-and-death-of-the-rolodex-5497511|title=The Life and Death of the Rolodex|first=Anna Jane|last=Grossman|date=March 20, 2010|website=Gizmodo}}</ref>

== Images ==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Rolodex™ 67236 Rotary Business Card File.jpg|right|Rolodex 67236 rotary business card file
File:Rolodex with Altered Cards.jpg|A decorative rolodex
File:Rolodex Cards - End of Box.jpg|Rolodex cards refill box
File:Rolodex-Linear.jpg|alt=Linear Rolodex|Linear Rolodex
</gallery>

== See also ==
* {{annotated link|Address book}}
* {{annotated link|Card catalog}}
* {{annotated link|Card file}}
* {{annotated link|Cardfile|Microsoft Cardfile}}
* {{annotated link|Visible file}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{ccat}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Newell Brands}}

[[Category:Products introduced in 1958]]
[[Category:Newell Brands]]
[[Category:Office equipment]]
[[Category:Containers]]


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