View source for Rome Metro

{{short description|Rapid transit system in Rome, Italy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox public transit
| name = Rome Metro
| image = Logo Metropolitane Italia.svg
| imagesize = 45px
| alt = Metropolitana di Roma logo
| image2 = Inaugurazione metro B1.jpg
| imagesize2 = 265px
| alt2 = S/300 train into Conca d'Oro station, on platform 1
| caption2 = A S300 train
| native_name = ''Metropolitana di Roma''
| owner = 
| area served = 
| locale = [[Rome]], Italy
| transit_type = [[Rapid transit]]
| lines = 3<ref name="ATAP-trasporto" />
| line_number = 
| start = 
| end = 
| stations = 73 (2 under construction)<ref name="ATAP-trasporto" /><ref name="LineC-Jun2015" /><ref name="Termini-count" group="Note" />
| ridership =819,421 (2019)
| annual_ridership = 320 million (2019)<ref name="Pendolaria 2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Rapporto-Pendolaria-2019.pdf|title=Pendolaria 2019: i dati su tram e metro a Roma di Legambiente|website=legambiente.it|access-date=11 February 2020|language=it}}</ref>
| website = [http://www.atac.roma.it/en ATAC S.p.A.]
| began_operation = {{Start date and age|9 February 1955|df=yes}}
| operator = [[ATAC SpA|ATAC]]
| vehicles = 83 trains<ref name="ATAP-trasporto" />
| system_length = {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="ATAP-trasporto" /><ref name="LineC-Jun2015" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazzettadeitrasporti.it/news/2015/06/27/il-settimanale-video-prossima-fermata-lodi-metro-c-roma-avvicina-centro/|title=IL SETTIMANALE – VIDEO – Prossima fermata Lodi, la metro C di Roma si avvicina al centro|date=27 June 2015|website=Gazzettadeitrasporti.it|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>
| track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| el = [[List of railway electrification systems#1500 V DC|1,500 V DC]] ([[Overhead lines]])
| map = {{switcher
| [[File:Roma - mappa metropolitana 2021 (schematica).svg|265px]]
| Show static map
| {{Rome Metro|inline=yes}}
| Show route diagram
}}
| map_state = 
}}

The '''Rome Metro''' ({{langx|it|Metropolitana di Roma}}) is a [[rapid transit]] system that operates in [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country.

The Metro comprises three lines – [[Line A (Rome Metro)|A]] (orange), [[Line B (Rome Metro)|B]] (blue) and [[Line C (Rome Metro)|C]] (green) – which operate on {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} of route, serving 73 stations.<ref name="ATAP-trasporto">{{cite web |url=http://www.atac.roma.it/page.asp?p=52 |title=Home > Azienda – I numeri di atac – Trasporto pubblico |publisher=[[ATAC (Rome)|ATAC]] |language=it |trans-title=Home > Company – The numbers of ATAC – Public transportation |date=8 November 2014 |access-date=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref name="LineC-Jun2015" /><ref name="Termini-count" group="Note">Counting [[Termini (Rome Metro)|Termini]], the interchange station between Lines A and B, and [[San Giovanni (Rome Metro)|San Giovanni]], the interchange station between Lines A and C, only once.</ref> It has a daily ridership of approximately 820,000 passengers, and an annual traffic of approximately 320 million passengers.<ref name="Pendolaria 2019" />

In addition to the Metro, the centre of Rome and its urban area are served by 8 [[FL lines]] (672&nbsp;km (417.5&nbsp;mi) with 131 stations) that surround Rome and the [[Lazio]] region,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://romemap360.com/rome-train-map |title=Rome Train Map|website=romemap360.com|access-date=1 March 2024}}</ref> 6 [[Trams in Rome|tram lines]] (36&nbsp;km (22&nbsp;mi) with 192 stations),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rome.info/transport/public-transport/tram/|title=Trams in Rome|website=rome.info|access-date=1 March 2024}}</ref> 3 commuter urban lines (135&nbsp;km (83.8&nbsp;mi) with 57 stations), as well as the ''[[Leonardo Express]]'' which connects [[Roma Termini]], the central station of the city of Rome, to the [[Leonardo da Vinci Airport]] of [[Fiumicino]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.trenitalia.com/en/services/leonardo-express.html|title=The Roma Termini - Leonardo Da Vinci Airport connection takes just 32 minutes with the Leonardo express|website=trenitalia.com|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> and the ''Civitavecchia Express'' which connects the city to the main port of Rome, the [[Port of Civitavecchia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://civitavecchia.portmobility.it/en/new-civitavecchia-express-non-stop-train-cruise-passengers#:~:text=The%20Civitavecchia%20Express%20is%20the,|title=Civitavecchia Express: non-stop train for cruise passengers|website=civitavecchia.portmobility.it|date=20 February 2019|access-date=1 March 2024|archive-date=24 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624205410/https://civitavecchia.portmobility.it/en/new-civitavecchia-express-non-stop-train-cruise-passengers#:~:text=The%20Civitavecchia%20Express%20is%20the,|url-status=dead}}</ref> Network extensions are currently under construction on Line C ([[Porta Metronia (Rome Metro)|Porta Metronia]], [[Colosseo (Rome Metro)|Colosseo-Fori Imperiali]] and [[Venezia (Rome Metro)|Venezia]]). There are further projects for Line A, Line B, Rome-Giardinetti and for the suburban rail system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://romamobilita.it/it/progetti/pums|title=Piano Urbano della Mobilità Sostenibile|website=romamobilita.it|access-date=1 March 2024|language=it}}</ref> The entire transport system in Rome uses the [[Metrebus]] integrated tariff system (an acronym composed of the words "Metro", "Train" and "Bus"), which can be used within the limits of the Municipality of Rome and within the limits of the urban tariff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atac.roma.it/en/tickets-and-passes|title=Tickets and passes|website=atac.roma.it|access-date=1 March 2024}}</ref>

Line B was the first metro line inaugurated in the system, and the first official metro in Italy, but the names 'A' and 'B' were only added when the second line opened 25 years after the first. Inaugurated in [[Post-war|post-war Italy]] in 1955 during the reconstruction and on the verge of the [[Italian economic miracle]], it was designed and built for the 1942 [[universal exhibition]] (''[[Esposizione Universale Roma]]'', which is now the current business centre of Rome) desired by the [[Fascist Italy|fascist regime]], which never took place due to the outbreak of the [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://engineeringrome.org/the-construction-of-metro-stations-shafts-through-ancient-rome/|title=The Construction of Metro Stations & Shafts through Ancient Rome|website=engineeringrome.org|access-date=1 March 2024}}</ref>

==Lines==
{{See also|List of Rome Metro stations}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2 | Line
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Termini
! rowspan=2 | Opened
! rowspan=2 | Newest<br /> extension
! colspan=2 | Length
! rowspan=2 | Stations
|-
! km
! mi
|-
| [[File:Metropolitana di Roma - logo linea A.svg|30px|link=Line A (Rome Metro)]] || [[Battistini (Rome Metro)|Battistini]] || [[Anagnina (Rome Metro)|Anagnina]] || 1980 || 2000 || {{convert|18.4|km|disp=tablecen}} || 27
|-
| [[File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]] || [[Laurentina (Rome Metro)|Laurentina]] || [[Rebibbia (Rome Metro)|Rebibbia]] / [[Jonio]] || 1955 || 2015 || {{convert|22.9|km|disp=tablecen}} || 26
|-
| [[File:Metropolitana di Roma C.svg|30px|link=Line C (Rome Metro)]] || [[Monte Compatri-Pantano (Rome Metro)|Monte Compatri-Pantano]] || [[San Giovanni (Rome Metro)|San Giovanni]] || 2014 || 2018 || {{convert|18.7|km|disp=tablecen}} || 22
|}

===Line A===
{{Main|Line A (Rome Metro)}}
Line A runs from the southeastern suburbs of Rome, then along the northeast section of downtown, and then to the northern section of the city, near Vatican City. It connects with Line B, along with many other national and regional rail services, at Termini, and with Line C at San Giovanni. It has 27 stations, with terminals at Battistini and Anagnina. It is identified by the colour orange.

Line A was the second line built in Rome. Approval was given for the construction of the city's second Metro line in 1959.

Work on Line A began in 1964 in the ''Tuscolana'' area, but suffered a series of delays caused the originally planned [[cut and cover]] method of construction posed serious problems for road traffic in southeast Rome. Work on the Metro was suspended and began again five years later, using bored tunnels, which partially resolved the traffic problems but caused numerous claims for compensation for vibrations caused by the machines. Work was also frequently interrupted by archaeological finds made during the excavations, particularly near [[Piazza della Repubblica, Rome|Piazza della Repubblica]].{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

Line A entered service in February 1980. In the late 1990s, it was extended from [[Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani|Ottaviano]], in the [[Prati]] district, to [[Battistini (Rome Metro)|Battistini]] to the west.

Since June 2022, the station of Valle Aurelia, on Line A, is connected with the reactivated railway station of Vigna Clara. The Vigna Clara-Valle Aurelia section is a relevant step to close the railway ring in North Rome because of the connection with the Line A, Line B (Ostiense) and the [[FL3 (Lazio regional railways)|FL3 suburban line]] to [[Viterbo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=The Vigna Clara railway station has reopened after 32 years |url=https://romamobilita.it/en/node/28206/it-IT |website=[[Romamobilita.it]] |access-date=8 July 2022 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417214557/https://romamobilita.it/en/node/28206/it-IT |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Line B===
{{Main|Line B (Rome Metro)}}
Line B was the first Metro line in Rome. Line B connects the northeast of the city with the southwest. It has 26 stations with terminals at Rebibbia, Jonio and Laurentina (just east of [[Esposizione Universale Roma|EUR]]). It is identified by the colour blue. Transfers are available with Line A and other rail services at Termini station.

Line B was planned during the 1930s by the fascist government to provide a rapid connection between the main train station, Termini, and a new district to the southeast of the city, E42, the planned location of the [[Universal Exposition]] (or Expo), which was to be held in Rome in 1942. The exposition never took place due to Italy's entry into the [[Second World War]] in 1940. When its construction was interrupted, some of the tunnels on the city-centre side of the Metro (between ''Termini'' and ''Piramide'') had already been completed, and they were used as air raid shelters during the war.

Work restarted in 1948, together with the development of the site formerly designated for the Expo into a residential and business district under the name [[Esposizione Universale Roma|EUR]]. The Metro was officially opened on 9 February 1955 by the then President of the Republic, [[Luigi Einaudi]]. Regular services began the following day.<ref>Rome Underground Railway Opened ''[[The Railway Magazine]]'' issue 649 May 1955 page 361</ref>

In 1990, Line B was extended from Termini to Rebibbia in the east of the city and the entire line was modernised. A new {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} long branch (B1) was opened connecting [[Bologna (Rome Metro)|Piazza Bologna]] with [[Conca d'Oro (Rome Metro)|Conca d'Oro]] on 13 June 2012; the branch's last stop (and new terminus), [[Jonio]], was opened on 21 April 2015.

===Line C===
{{Main|Line C (Rome Metro)}}
[[File:MetroCMuseoStazioneSanGiovanni 02.jpg|thumb|Archaeological finds inside the San Giovanni station]]
Opened on 9 November 2014, line C currently runs radially from [[San Giovanni (Rome Metro)|San Giovanni]], serving as an interchange station for Line A, to the eastern terminus of Pantano (the former terminus of the Roma–Giardinetti light railway). It is the first Metro line to extend beyond the city boundaries in Rome.

It is planned to extend to the northwest, towards Grottarossa (north of the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]), via the city centre; it will also intersect with Line A at Ottaviano (beside the Vatican), with Line B at [[Colosseo (Rome Metro)|Colosseo]], and with the planned Line D at [[Piazza Venezia]], thus creating a fourth Metro hub in Rome.
[[File:San Giovanni (metro station museum) 2.jpg|thumb|San Giovanni Archeostation]]
The first section of the line, from [[Parco di Centocelle (Rome Metro)|Centocelle]] to [[Monte Compatri-Pantano (Rome Metro)|Pantano]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metroxroma.it/2013/10/tratta-t3-avanti-tutta-fermarsi-costerebbe-180-mln/|title=Tratta T3, avanti tutta. Fermarsi costerebbe 180 mln|date=25 October 2013|website=Metroxroma.it|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> is the furthest from the city centre and includes 15 of the planned 30 stops. A further {{convert|5.4|km|mi|adj=on}} section of Line C, serving six additional stations, opened on 29 June 2015, as the line's western terminus was moved from Parco di Centocelle to [[Lodi (Rome Metro)|Lodi]].<ref name="LineC-Jun2015">{{cite journal |author=Marco Chiandoni |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/rome-metro-line-c-reaches-lodi.html |title=Rome metro Line C reaches Lodi |journal=[[International Railway Journal]] |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=2015-06-30}}</ref> On 12 May 2018, the western terminus was moved to San Giovanni (interchange station for line A).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metroxroma.it/2013/09/linea-c-riaprono-i-cantieri-a-san-giovanni-nellinverno-2015/|title=Linea C, riaprono i cantieri, a San Giovanni nell'inverno 2015|date=10 September 2013|website=Metroxroma.it|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> After this third phase, the line will be further extended with three stations, Porta Metronia, Colosseo, and Piazza Venezia, located in the city centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comune.roma.it/pcr/it/newsview.page?contentId=NEW449951|title=Roma Capitale – Sito Istituzionale – Metro C, partiti lavori tratta San Giovanni Colosseo. Le aree interessate dal cantiere|website=Comune.roma.it|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>

Progress on the line has been slow with projected completion dates being repeatedly delayed. Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world, and as such, the construction of the Metro system has encountered considerable obstacles owing to frequent archaeological discoveries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/05/rome-unveils-museum-metro-station-packed-hundreds-ancient-artifacts/|title=Rome unveils 'museum' metro station packed with hundreds of ancient artefacts found during construction|first=Nick|last=Squires|date=5 May 2017|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> While the excavation of the tunnels themselves can be undertaken well below the probable location of most archaeological finds, the excavation of stairwells and ventilation shafts – which must, by necessity, connect with the surface – pose considerable difficulties.

The trains operating on line C are completely automated,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/17/world/romes-subway-eternal-project/|title=Rome's subway: the eternal project|date=17 April 2016|access-date=9 February 2019|publisher=Japan Times Online}}</ref> and use the same [[AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro]] system also featured on the [[Copenhagen Metro]].

====Archeostation====
During the excavation for the central route of line C, thanks to the archeological richness of Rome's ground a new type of underground station was born, as in Paris with [[Louvre–Rivoli (Paris Métro)|Louvre–Rivoli]] station.

====San Giovanni====
[[San Giovanni (Rome Metro)|San Giovanni]] station was the first archeostation to be opened on 12 May 2018. Excavation to a depth of about 20 metres allowed the exploration of about 21 stratifications of history up to the so-called virgin soil, the one in which man's presence is absent.

The exhibition is characterized by being a real tour with libraries for the finds along the route, explanatory panels on the walls and a temporal measurement of the historical phases that follows the path of the passengers from the atrium level to the platforms' level:

* Atrium level: from ''Contemporary Age'' to ''Late Antiquity Age''
* First underground level: from ''Republican Age'' to ''Archaic Age''
* Platform level: ''Prehistoric Age''

The various archaeological finds and exhibits include small items such as gold jewelry, coins, crockery, shells, large amphorae and elements of ancient columns and also large finds, such as the large pool, the largest reservoir ever found, located inside a farm of the imperial age.

===Timeline===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Timeline of Rome metro construction
|-
!date !! section or station !! line
|-
|10 February 1955||Termini – EUR Fermi||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|16 February 1980||Ottaviano – Cinecittà||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma - logo linea A.svg|30px|link=Line A (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|11 June 1980||Cinecittà – Anagnina||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma - logo linea A.svg|30px|link=Line A (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|8 December 1990||Termini – Rebibbia<br />Garbatella<br />Laurentina||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|12 March 1993||Marconi||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|13 December 1995||Ponte Mammolo||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|29 May 1999||Ottaviano – Valle Aurelia||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma - logo linea A.svg|30px|link=Line A (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|1 January 2000||Valle Aurelia – Battistini||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma - logo linea A.svg|30px|link=Line A (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|23 June 2003||Quintiliani||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|12 June 2012 ||Bologna – Conca d'Oro||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma B1.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|9 November 2014||Monte Compatri-Pantano – Parco di Centocelle||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma C.svg|30px|link=Line C (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|21 April 2015||Conca d'Oro – Jonio||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma B1.svg|30px|link=Line B (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|29 June 2015||Parco di Centocelle – Lodi||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma C.svg|30px|link=Line C (Rome Metro)]]
|-
|12 May 2018||Lodi – San Giovanni||[[File:Metropolitana di Roma C.svg|30px|link=Line C (Rome Metro)]]
|}

==Network map==
{{Rapid transit OSM map
| system_qid   = Q237480
| frame-lat    = 41.88
| frame-long   = 12.56
| frame-width  = 470
| frame-height = 300
| zoom         = 11
| length       = yes
}}

==Rolling stock==
{{multiple image
| align             = 
| direction         = 
| width1            = 240
| image1            = ATAC CAF MB400 (RB-432.0).jpg
| caption1          = A [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]] MB400 in service on [[Line B (Rome Metro)|line B]] in Termini station
| width2            = 200
| image2            = ATAC CAF Line A 336.jpg
| caption2          = CAF MA300 train on [[Line A (Rome Metro)|line A]]
| total_width       = 
| alt1              = 
}}
{{Multiple image
| direction         = horizontal
| total_width       = 
| image1            = ATAC MB100 Linea B.jpg
| caption1          = MB100 in service on line B at the [[Piramide]] station
| image2            = Profilo Metro C (Roma).jpg
| caption2          = Detail of the trains used on [[Line C (Rome Metro)|line C]], [[Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro]]
| width1            = 240
}}

All Rome metro lines are [[Rapid transit#Lines|heavy rapid transit lines]], with 6-car trains, approximately 105 m long. Line A of the Rome metro uses exclusively the [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]] MA 300 series, line B essentially uses the CAF MB400 series together with other CAF MA300 series trains and the historic MB 100 [[Ansaldobreda]]. Line C is the longest driverless metro in Italy and one of the largest in Europe, using [[Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro|Hitachi Rail Italy's driverless technology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrocspa.it/il-sistema-driverless.asp|title=Caratteristiche treni Linea C|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507013847/http://www.metrocspa.it/il-sistema-driverless.asp |archive-date=7 May 2015 |language=it}}</ref>

==Service==
===Fares===
{{Main|Metrebus}}
An urban single journey ticket ([[integrated ticket]]), the ''Biglietto Integrato a Tempo'' (BIT), costs €1.50, and is valid on the Metro, buses, [[Trams in Rome|trams]] and [[FL lines|suburban trains]] inside the Rome municipality for 100 minutes from first validation. Other tickets are available, including daily (€7.00), 2-day (€12.50), and 3-day (€18.00) passes (Rome 24h/48h/72h), and a weekly pass (€24.00), the ''Carta Integrata Settimanale'' (CIS). Monthly passes that are valid during the charged calendar month for unlimited journeys available for the personal usage (€35.00) or impersonal usage (€53.00) and may be used alternatively by different persons.  Children under 10 years old travel can travel for free on public transport services when accompanied by a fare-paying adult.

Two proximity cards are available in Rome, ''”èRoma”'' and ''”[[Metrebus Card]] Red”,'' which can be charged with season tickets, replacing paper for this type of ticket.

===Operating hours===
Service starts at about 5:30 am and ends at about 11:30 pm. On Fridays and Saturdays service ends later, at about 1:30 am.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://romamobilita.it/it/servizi/muoversiaroma/linee-orari-metro-roma|title=Linee e orari di metro e ferrovie|language=it|website=Romanobilita.it|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507003413/https://romamobilita.it/it/servizi/muoversiaroma/linee-orari-metro-roma|url-status=dead}}</ref>

When the Metro is closed, a night bus service operates with lines that follow the same routes and stop at the same stations as the Metro. Line A is served by bus NMA, Line B is served by bus NMB/NMB1, and Line C is served by bus NMC.

==Other rail lines==
[[File:Metro_e_ferrovie_roma.svg|thumb|250px|Metro and urban railways map (before opening of Jonio station and line C)]]

Rome's local transport provider, [[ATAC SpA|ATAC]], operates the Metro network and the [[Rome–Giardinetti railway|Rome-Giardinetti]] line. The [[Rome–Lido railway|Roma–Lido]], which connects Rome to [[Ostia (quarter of Rome)|Ostia]], and the [[Rome–Civita Castellana–Viterbo railway|Roma–Viterbo]] line, used to be operated by ATAC until 1 July 2022, when it became part of the [[Cotral]] network.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le ferrovie Roma-Lido e Roma-Nord sono passate a Cotral e Astral |url=https://romamobilita.it/it/media/ferrovie-roma-lido-roma-nord-passate-cotral-astral |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Roma Mobilità - sito ufficiale |language=it |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823124953/https://romamobilita.it/it/media/ferrovie-roma-lido-roma-nord-passate-cotral-astral |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Roma–Lido===
{{main|Rome–Lido railway line}}
Construction of the Roma–Lido line began shortly after the end of [[World War I]] and was completed some six years later in 1924. It began operation as a steam locomotion railway but electrification was completed less than a year later.

The line is operated as an integrated part of the Metro, but runs entirely overground. It runs from the ''Roma Porta San Paolo'' station beside the Line B ''Piramide'' station and runs alongside Line B as far as EUR Magliana. It then continues separately on to the seaside district of [[Ostia (quarter of Rome)|Ostia]]. The line terminates beside the end of ''Via Cristoforo Colombo''.

===Roma–Giardinetti===
{{main|Rome–Giardinetti railway}}
[[File:Überlandstraßenbahn Rom Laziali - Giardinetti.jpg|thumb|right|A train of the Roma–Giardinetti line]]
Officially termed a railway, the Roma–Giardinetti line is a narrow gauge tram which connects Laziali (a smaller, local train station some 800 metres east of Termini's main concourse) with Giardinetti, just past the ''Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA)'' – Rome's orbital motorway. The line originally ran to [[Frosinone]] some {{convert|137|km|abbr=on}} from Rome, but has been gradually reduced in length, when the section from Giardinetti to Pantano, which will become a permanent part of Line C, was taken out of service. Most recently also the part from Centocelle to Giardinetti was reduced.

As regards future projects, the transformation of the line into a [[light rail|modern light rail]] line is planned, with an extension planned to the [[Tor Vergata]] area. The new light rail system will be called "line G" with respect to the metro network and line 11 with respect to the tram network. The work, after a long bureaucratic process, has been commissioned and financed, the line is expected to close during 2026 in order to begin work.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://romamobilita.it/it/progetti-pums-piano-urbano-mobilit-sostenibile/progetti-realizzazioni/termini-giardinetti-tor|title=Termini Giardinetti Tor Vergata|language=it}}</ref>

===Roma–Civita Castellana–Viterbo===
{{main|Rome–Civita Castellana–Viterbo railway}}
[[File:Montebello (binari).jpeg|thumb|Montebello station of the Roma–Civita Castellana–Viterbo line]]
The Roma–Civita Castellana–Viterbo line (also called Roma Nord railway) began life as a narrow-gauge tram running from ''Piazza della Libertà'' in Rome to [[Civita Castellana]]. However, the next stretch of the line, to [[Viterbo]], was built as a railway and over the years the tram section was converted into a railway as well, a process which concluded with the moving of the Roman terminus from the street-level terminus at ''Piazza della Libertà'' across the river to a new underground station in ''Piazzale Flaminio'', beside the subsequently constructed Line A station, after [[World War II]].

The line is operated in two modes: as an urban service from ''Piazzale Flaminio'' to Montebello, and as a suburban service from ''Piazzale Flaminio'' to [[Viterbo]]. The urban service operates with a frequency of about one train every ten minutes, while the suburban service operates considerably less frequently, with less than a third of the trains making the full two-and-a-half–hour journey from Rome to Viterbo.

==Future expansions==
The Metro system is currently expanding:
* An extension of ''line A'' from [[Battistini (Rome Metro)|Battistini]] to ''Torrevecchia'' towards the west of the city is planned; a track of 2 kilometres (1.2&nbsp;mi) with 2 stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comune.roma.it/PCR/resources/cms/documents/Presentazione_oltreBattistini_partecipativo_rev2_.pdf|title=Presentazione oltre Battistini|language=it|website=Comune.roma.it}}</ref>
* An extension of ''line B'' is also planned. A track of 2.8 kilometres (1.7&nbsp;mi) with 2 stations should be realized from [[Rebibbia (Rome Metro)]] to ''Torraccia/Casal Monastero'', towards the east of Rome. The extension of the line B1 is extending from Jonio to Bufalotta with 3.8 kilometers with 3 stations.
* The extension of ''line C'' towards the centre of Rome is under construction. From [[San Giovanni (Rome Metro)|San Giovanni]] (interchange station with line A) to [[Grottarossa |Grottarossa (Rome Metro)]], the track is 3.6 kilometres (2.2&nbsp;mi) long with an intermediate station near [[San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital]], ''Amba Aradam''.

===New lines===

[[File:Roma MetroD Ferrovia 2020.svg|thumb|Proposed Line D]]

There are two proposed new lines, with no timeline for their construction:

* [[File:Metropolitana di Roma D.svg|30px]] '''{{vanchor|Line D}}''' is currently proposed to run from ''Ojetti'' in the north to ''Agricoltura'' in the south, passing through the city centre to the west of ''{{rws|Roma Termini}}''. Development on the project was suspended from 2012 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.romametropolitane.it/gare/Documenti%20bandi%20e%20gare/Avviso%20di%20revoca%20su%20GURI%20DEFINITIVO.pdf|title = Avviso di revoca del bando di gara (Italian)|publisher =Roma |accessdate= 6 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dire.it/11-07-2018/219470-roma-progetto-metro-d-campidoglio-ripensa-costi-tracciato/|title= Campidoglio ripensa ai costi del tracciato della Metro D.|date= 11 July 2018|publisher =Roma |accessdate= 12 July 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:Metropolitana di Roma Linea E.svg|30px]] '''{{vanchor|Line E}}''' would take over the existing [[Rome–Lido railway]] and the [[Jonio]] branch of Line B, with a new railway connection south of ''{{rws|Roma Porta San Paolo}}''/''[[Piramide]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://mobilita.org/2019/03/30/roma-la-roma-lido-diventera-la-linea-e-della-metropolitana/|title=ROMA {{!}} La Roma-Lido diventerà la Linea E della metropolitana|website=Mobilita.org|date=30 March 2019|access-date=27 May 2020|language=it}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" 
|-
! Line{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} !! colspan=2|Terminals{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} !! Opening !! Length{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} !! Stations{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
|-
|width=40px align=center| [[File:Metropolitana di Roma D.svg|30px]] || Ojetti || Agricoltura || || 22&nbsp;km || 22
|-
|width=40px align=center| [[File:Metropolitana di Roma Linea E.svg|30px]] || Cristoforo Colombo || Piramide || || 28.3&nbsp;km  || 16
|}

==Signalling==
[[File:Roma Metro B Marconi banchina 2.jpg|thumb|Signalling at the [[Marconi (Rome Metro)|Marconi station]]]]
[[Signalling]] of the Rome Metro guarantees trains' safe and correct movements.

===Line A===
Line A uses an evolution of the [[RS4 Codici]], a classical block system of the Italian railway. Since its creation the signalling offers to the conductor advice about the speed limit and the freedom of the way.<ref>[http://digilander.libero.it/gigispace/metro_A.pdf IL DISTANZIAMENTO DEI TRENI E LA REGOLAZIONE DEL TRAFFICO SULLA LINEA A DELLA FERROVIA METROPOLITANA DI ROMA]</ref>

===Line B===
Until 1990, [[Line B (Rome Metro)|Line B]] used a railway-like signaling system that advised only about the freedom of the way.<ref>[http://www.ilmondodeitreni.it/metrobsegnali.html Il vecchio segnalamento della metropolitana di Roma]</ref>

Since 1990, the line uses a new signaling system, inspired by the [[Signalling of the Milan metro|Milan Metro's signaling]], that gives information about the speed limit in the section within a range of 0&nbsp;km/h and 80&nbsp;km/h. Conductors are informed by classical light semaphores.<ref>[http://www.ilmondodeitreni.it/metrobsegnali1990.htm Il segnalamento della metropolitana di Roma]</ref>

===Line C===
[[Line C (Rome Metro)|Line C]] is an automatic line and uses a radio frequency system for communication with the train. It has an electrical block system that permits a max frequency of a train every 90 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cityrailways.com/san-giovanni-linea-c/ |title=LA NUOVA STAZIONE DI SAN GIOVANNI DELLA LINEA C DI ROMA |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826102103/https://cityrailways.com/san-giovanni-linea-c/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Rome Metro stations]]
* [[Transport in Rome]]
* [[Transport in Italy]]
* [[Lazio regional railways]]
* [[2006 Rome Metro crash]]
* [[List of metro systems]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="Note"}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons|Metropolitana di Roma|Rome Metro}}
* [https://www.atac.roma.it/en/ The Public transport company of the city of Rome]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044448/http://idisk.mac.com/eurocity/Public/Intermetro_Roma_1986.jpg Planned underground and suburban lines on 1986] (archived version)
* [http://www.romametropolitane.it Roma Metropolitane – public transportation website] {{in lang|it}}
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/sets/72157594585604471/ Martin G. Conde, ROME – IMPERIAL FORA. The Velia Hill:  Metro 'C' Archaeological Surveys (2006–2007). S10 (b1, b2, b3). (2006–2007)]
* [https://metroguides.info/city/rome#scheme/0/0 Rome interactive metro map]

{{Rome Metro navbox}}
{{Urban rail transport in Rome}}
{{Urban public transport in Italy}}
{{Underground rapid transit in the European Union and the United Kingdom}}

[[Category:Rome Metro| ]]
[[Category:Metropolitan City of Rome Capital]]
[[Category:Tourism in Rome]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1955]]