View source for Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

{{Short description|Dutch learned society}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}

{{Infobox organization
| name = Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science
| former name = Royal Institute of Science, Letters and Fine Arts<ref>[https://www.knaw.nl/en/de-knaw/geschiedenis-knaw History of the Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053339/https://www.knaw.nl/en/de-knaw/geschiedenis-knaw |date=2013-09-21 }}, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved on 2013-09-20.</ref>
| image = Trippenhuis.jpg
| size = 250px
| alt = 
| caption = The [[Trippenhuis]] is the seat of the academy.
| map = 
| msize = <!-- map size, optional, default 250px -->
| malt = <!-- map alt text -->
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| formation = {{Start date and age|1808|05|08|df=yes}}<ref>[https://www.knaw.nl/en/de-knaw/geschiedenis-knaw/1808-getekend-lodewijk 1808 – Signed: Louis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053335/https://www.knaw.nl/en/de-knaw/geschiedenis-knaw/1808-getekend-lodewijk |date=2013-09-21 }}, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved on 2013-09-20.</ref>
| type = <!-- [[Governmental organization|GO]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], [[Intergovernmental organization|IGO]], [[International nongovernmental organization|INGO]], etc -->
| status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc -->
| purpose = <!-- focus as e.g. humanitarian, peacekeeping, etc -->
| headquarters = [[Trippenhuis]]<ref name="contact">[https://www.knaw.nl/en/topnavigatie/contact/overzicht Contact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621113914/http://knaw.nl/en/topnavigatie/contact/overzicht |date=2017-06-21 }}, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved on 2013-09-20.</ref>
| location = Kloveniersburgwal 29<ref name="contact"/><br />[[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
| coords = {{coord|52|22|17.5|N|4|53|59|E|type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
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| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Marileen Dogterom]]
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The '''Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences''' ({{langx|nl|Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen}}, {{small|abbr.}} '''KNAW''') is an [[organization]] dedicated to the advancement of [[science]] and [[literature]] in the [[Netherlands]]. The academy is housed in the [[Trippenhuis]] in [[Amsterdam]].

In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the [[Lorentz Medal]] in theoretical physics, the [[Dr Hendrik Muller Prize]] for Behavioural and Social Science and the [[Dr. A.H. Heineken Prize|Heineken Prize]]s.

== Main functions ==
The academy advises the Dutch government on scientific matters. While its advice often pertains to genuine scientific concerns, it also counsels the government on such topics as policy on careers for researchers or the Netherlands' contribution to major international projects. The academy offers solicited and unsolicited advice to parliament, ministries, universities and research institutes, funding agencies and international organizations.

* Advising the government on matters related to scientific research
* Providing a forum for the scientific world and promoting international scientific cooperation
* Acting as an umbrella organization for the institutes primarily engaged in basic and strategic scientific research and disseminating information

== Members and organization ==
{{Hatnote|A list of members can be found at [[Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]].}}
The members are appointed for life by [[co-optation]]. Nominations for candidate membership by persons or organizations outside the academy are accepted. The acceptance criterion is delivered scientific achievements. Academy membership is therefore regarded as a great honor, and prestigious. Besides regular members, there are foreign members and corresponding members. Since a new membership system was introduced in 2011 there will be no new corresponding members. Each year a maximum of sixteen members are appointed to the academy.<ref name=members>{{cite web |url=https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/overzicht?set_language=en |title=The Academy's members |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020161837/https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/overzicht?set_language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>
  
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences has long embraced the entire field of learning. The Royal Academy comprises two departments, consisting of around 500 members:<ref name=members/>
* Science (mathematics, physics,  [[astronomy]], life sciences, and engineering sciences)
* Humanities and Social Sciences (humanities, law, behavioural sciences and social sciences)

Both departments have their own board. The departments, in turn, are divided into sections. The highest organ in the academy is the general meeting of members, the united meeting of both departments. The president was [[Frits van Oostrom]] until 1 May 2008, after which he was succeeded by [[Robbert Dijkgraaf]]. Both van Oostrom in his leaving address and Dijkgraaf in his inaugural address have voiced their worries about the low level of funding in science in the Netherlands compared to almost all other western countries. A list of presidents of the academy is as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voormalige presidenten KNAW - KNAW |url=https://knaw.nl/over-de-knaw/organisatie-bestuur-en-directie/voormalige-presidenten |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=knaw.nl |language=nl}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1973–1978 [[Hendrik Casimir]]
* 1978–1981 Samuel Dresden
* 1981–1984 [[André Donner]]
* 1984–1990 [[David de Wied]]
* 1990–1996 Pieter Drenth
* 1996–1999 Pieter Zandbergen
* 1999–2002 Robert S. Reneman
* 2002–2005 [[Willem Levelt]]
* 2005–2008 [[Frits van Oostrom]]
* 2008–2012 [[Robbert Dijkgraaf]]
* 2012–2015 [[Hans Clevers]]
* 2015–2018 [[José van Dijck]]
* 2018–2020 [[Wim van Saarloos]]
* 2020–2022 [[Ineke Sluiter]]
* 2022–present [[Marileen Dogterom]]
{{div col end}}

== History ==
During the [[Kingdom of Holland]], it was founded as the ''Koninklijk Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten'' (Royal Institute of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts) by [[Lodewijk Napoleon]] on May 4, 1808. In 1816, after the occupation had ended, it was renamed to ''Koninklijk-Nederlandsch Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schoone Kunsten''. In 1851, it was disbanded and re-established as the ''Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen'' and in 1938 obtained its present name. Since 1812, the academy has resided in the ''Trippenhuis'' in Amsterdam.

The institute was awarded the [[Gouden Ganzenveer]] in 1955.<ref>{{cite web
  | title = Laureaten De Gouden Ganzenveer vanaf 1955
  | publisher = Stichting De Gouden Ganzenveer
  | year = 2009
  | url = http://www.goudenganzenveer.nl/laureaten.html
  | access-date = 2009-07-28
  | archive-date = 2012-03-05
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305055335/http://www.goudenganzenveer.nl/laureaten.html
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref>

== Research institutes ==
The following [[research institute]]s are associated with the KNAW:<ref>{{cite web|title=The Academy Institutes|url=http://knaw.nl/institutes|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref> 
* [[Data Archiving and Networked Services]] (since 2005)
* [[Fryske Akademy]] (since 1990, founded in 1938)
* {{Ill|Hubrecht Institute|nl|Hubrecht Instituut}} (''research institute for developmental biology and stem cells in the Netherlands'') (since 1917)
* [[Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands]] (since 1992)
* [[International Institute of Social History]] (since 1979, founded in 1935)
* [[Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies]] (since 2001, founded in 1851)
* [[Meertens Instituut]] (since 1952)
* [[Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience|Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)]] (established in 2005 as a merger of the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research (NIH, established in 1909) and the Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute (IOI, established in 1988))<ref>{{cite web|title=The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience|url=http://knaw.nl/en/institutes/nederlands-herseninstituut|publisher=KNAW|access-date=11 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807071836/http://knaw.nl/en/institutes/nederlands-herseninstituut |archive-date= Aug 7, 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Netherlands Institute of Ecology]] (Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie) (NIOO-KNAW) (since 1992)
* [[NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies]] (since 1999, founded in 1945)
* [[Nederlands Instituut voor Wetenschappelijke Informatiediensten]] (1997–2005)
* [[Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut]] (since 2003)
* [[Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences]] (since 1988)
* [[Rathenau Instituut]] (since 1994, previously NOTA (1987-1994))
* [[Westerdijk Institute|Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute]] (since 1904)

== Young Academy ==
De Jonge Akademie (The Young Academy) is a society of younger science researchers, founded in 2005 as part of the KNAW. Ten members are elected each year for a term of five years; members are scientists between 25 and 45 years old and are selected for a record of excellence in their research. It was modelled after the similar [[Germany|German]] Junge Akademie and both of these academies in turn were used as models for the [[Global Young Academy]].<ref>{{citation|title=De Jonge Akademie, a new and a leaving member meet|url=http://www.rug.nl/bcn/publications/newsletter/bcn_newsletter%2075.pdf|journal=Newsletter of the Graduate School for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences|date=June 2009|pages=1–3|first=Hanneke|last=Loerts|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123054240/http://www.rug.nl/bcn/publications/newsletter/bcn_newsletter%2075.pdf|archive-date=2009-11-23}}.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Empowering Young Scientists|first1=Tilman|last1=Brück|first2=Catherine|last2=Beaudry|first3=Hans|last3=Hilgenkamp|first4=Nitsara|last4=Karoonuthaisiri|first5=Hiba|last5=Salah el Din Mohamed|first6=Gregory A.|last6=Weiss|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=328|issue=5974|page=17|doi=10.1126/science.1185745|date=April 2010|pmid=20360070|url=https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt13p529t8/qt13p529t8.pdf|doi-access=free}}.</ref>

== Society of Arts ==
The Society of Arts (Akademie van Kunsten) is a society of prominent artists from various disciplines, including architecture, visual arts, dance, film, photography, literature, music and performing arts. Its aim is to be the place "for debate about the value of art in society and about the relationship between art and science".The Society of Arts was established by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014. Both are seated in the 17th century Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.
At the start the Society of Arts had 19 members. Each year the number of members increases with 6 new members who are offered a membership for life. In 2022 the Society of Arts has 76 members. Members of the Society of Arts are elected by nomination. Anyone can nominate leading artists from all disciplines who have distinguished themselves on the basis of demonstrable artistic achievements.

==See also==
* [[Dutch Research Council|Dutch Research Council (NWO)]]
* [[Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen]] (Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities)
* [[Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research|Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* [http://knaw.nl/en Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences], official website
* [https://www.dejongeakademie.nl/en/ Young Academy (De Jonge Akademie)], official website
* [https://www.akademievankunsten.nl/ Society of Arts (Akademie van Kunsten)], official website
* [https://nioo.knaw.nl/en Netherlands Institute of Ecology (Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie) (NIOO-KNAW)], official website

{{International Science Council}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences| ]]
[[Category:1808 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Learned societies of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:National academies of arts and humanities|Netherlands]]
[[Category:National academies of sciences|Netherlands]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Organisations based in the Netherlands with royal patronage|Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Scientific organisations based in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1808]]
[[Category:Members of the International Council for Science]]
[[Category:Members of the International Science Council]]
[[Category:Louis Bonaparte]]