View source for Russian pyramid

{{Short description|Form of pocket billiards popular in Eastern Europe}}
{{distinguish|text=the historical pocket billiards game [[pyramid pool]], a similar but unrelated game, or [[Slosh (cue sport)|slosh]] or [[bar billiards]], both also called "Russian billiards"}}
{{more citations|date=July 2025}}
[[Image:Russian billiards balls.jpg|thumb|Russian pyramid game setup, with the {{cuegloss|object ball}}s in a triangle {{cuegloss|rack}} at the {{cuegloss|foot|foot}} of the table, and the {{cuegloss|cue ball}} in front of (up-table of) the {{cuegloss|head string}} ({{cuegloss|baulk line}}).]]

'''Russian pyramid''', also known as '''Russian billiards''' ({{langx|ru|ру́сский билья́рд}}, {{lang|ru-Latn|russky bilyard}}<!--Do not "correct" that; Russian does not use capitals on adjective derived from proper nouns-->), is a form of [[cue sports|billiards]] played on a large [[billiard table]] with narrow pockets. It is played across [[Russia]] and several [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet]]/[[Eastern Bloc]] countries. In the West, the game is known as '''pyramid billiards''', or simply '''pyramid'''.

==Equipment==
*Table: Playing-surface sizes vary. The official tournament size is {{convert|12|x|6|ft|cm}}, the same size used for professional [[snooker]]. Smaller sizes as used by other cue sports are also found in less-formal venues. The {{cuegloss|slate}} used in Russian pyramid tables are typically much thinner than those of pool and snooker tables, but is occasionally heated, similar to [[carom billiards]] tables.
*Balls: There are sixteen balls, fifteen {{cuegloss|object ball|numbered object balls}} and a {{cuegloss|cue ball|cue ball}}, but in contrast to [[pool (cue sports)|pool]], the numbered balls are usually white, and the cue ball is maroon or yellow. They are typically larger and heavier than other types of [[billiard ball]]s. The official tournament size is {{cvt|67|mm|in|frac=16}} in diameter, weighing approximately 255&nbsp;g (9&nbsp;oz), while smaller balls – e.g., {{cvt|63|mm|in|frac=16}}, {{cvt|60|mm|in|frac=16}}, and {{convert|57.15|mm|in|frac=16}} (regular pool ball size) – are available for smaller table sizes. The old tournament size was 68 mm in diameter.
*Pockets: The {{Cuegloss|Corner pocket|corner pockets}} are only 3 mm (approx. {{frac|3|16}} in) wider than the diameter of the ball, while the {{cuegloss|middle pocket|middle pockets}} are 12–13 mm (approx. {{frac|1|2}}–{{frac|3|4}} in) wider than the diameter of the ball. This requires great precision to pocket a ball in such tight pockets.
*Cues: Due to larger ball size, the [[cue stick|cue]]s used for Russian pyramid are slightly thicker and heavier than those of pool cues, and the tip diameter is wider (up to 15 mm), in comparison to 10–13 mm used in pool cues. Specialty shots like {{cuegloss|massé|massé}} and {{cuegloss|jump shot|jump shots}} are usually more difficult to perform with a Russian pyramid cue, due to its heavier nature. These shots are also not allowed in official tournaments, doing so may result in a {{cuegloss|foul}}.

==Rule variations==
[[Image:Russian billiards ball at a corner pocket.jpg|thumb|200px|Russian pyramid ball near the corner pocket. The relative sizes of the ball and pocket make the game very challenging.]]
There are several rule variations of Russian pyramid. All games begin with fifteen numbered white balls {{cuegloss|rack|racked}} in a {{cuegloss|pyramid}} {{cuegloss|pack}}, as in [[straight pool]], [[eight-ball]], and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]. Players may pocket any object balls on the table regardless of number, and the first player to pocket eight or more balls wins the {{cuegloss|frame}}. In addition, shots do not have to be {{cuegloss|call shot|called}}.
Depending on the game variant, some specific balls may have to be in specific positions within the rack. The first player firmly {{cuegloss|break}}s the rack with the {{cuegloss|cue ball}} from just in front of the  {{cuegloss|baulk line}}.
The most common varieties are the following, each of which has slight local variations on the rules:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wpa-pool.com/pdf/web/Official%20International%20IPC%20Rules.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.wpa-pool.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108220643/http://www.wpa-pool.com/pdf/web/Official%20International%20IPC%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=8 November 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''Free pyramid''' (also known as '''American pyramid''')
:Any ball may be used as the cue ball. Players can pocket the ball they struck if it hits another ball first, with the goal being to {{cuegloss|carom}} the struck ball off one or more other balls into a pocket. Should the struck ball be pocketed without striking any other balls, the shot is a {{cuegloss|foul}}, and that ball is {{cuegloss|spotted}} behind the baulk line.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ebc-billiard.com/rules/pyramid/free-pyramid-rules|title=Free Pyramid rules - East European Billiard Council|website=ebc-billiard.com|access-date=2020-02-23}}</ref>

*'''Dynamic pyramid''' (also known as '''Siberian pyramid''' or '''Nevsky pyramid''')
:Only one ball is the cue ball. Players can pocket the cue ball with a carom shot off another ball and then the scorer must choose an object ball to be taken off the table. The player then has {{cuegloss|ball-in-hand}} and may place it anywhere on the table but may not pocket it until the next stroke; otherwise, it is a foul.

*'''Combined pyramid''' (also known as '''Moscow pyramid''' or '''combo pyramid''')
:The rules are the same as in dynamic pyramid, except that, after the cue ball is pocketed, the cue ball is spotted between the {{cuegloss|head rail}} ({{cuegloss|bottom cushion}}) and head or baulk, but not on top of that line; from here until the next stroke, balls can be only pocketed in the side and far-corner pockets. In pool, this part of the table is called the {{cuegloss|kitchen}} and the Russian equivalent is {{lang|ru|дом}} (''dom''), 'house'.

*'''Classical pyramid'''
:The rules are similar to [[fifteen-ball pool]]. The object is to score at least 71 points. For each correctly pocketed object ball, the player wins the number of points on the ball (except for the 1-ball, which scores 11 points). The last remaining ball on the table, regardless of its number, is worth 10 points. The total number of points is 130.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billiard-prime.com/en/poleznaya-informaciya/pravila-russkoy-piramidy/classic-piramid.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522042710/http://www.billiard-prime.com/en/poleznaya-informaciya/pravila-russkoy-piramidy/classic-piramid.html |archive-date=2018-05-22 |title=Classical pyramid}}</ref>

*'''14.1 pyramid''' (also known as '''straight pyramid''' or '''long pyramid''')
:The rules are very similar to free pyramid, except that a frame continues until 14 balls are pocketed, similar to [[straight pool]]; these 14 balls are then re-spotted into an incomplete pyramid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.llb.su/rules/pyramid/14+1_llb|title=Свободная пирамида с продолжением ЛЛБ|access-date=2022-08-20|website=lib.su}}</ref> The objective is to score at least a given number of points.

*'''Scratch pyramid''' (also known as '''SVOI''')
:Similar to free pyramid, but pocketing object balls before the cue ball is a foul; therefore, the player must pocket the cue ball after hitting object balls. Other balls can be pocketed as long as the cue ball is potted first.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamezer.com/en/rules/billiards/scratch_pyramid|title=Scratch Pyramid|access-date=2022-08-22|website=gamezer.com}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
Versions of the game have featured prominently in notable Russian films such as ''[[The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed]]'' (1979) and ''[[The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers]]'' (1968). An episode of the popular animated television series ''[[Kikoriki]]'' has two characters playing the game. The main characters of ''[[Dead Man's Bluff]]'', or ''Zhmurki'' (Russian: Жмурки) play Russian pool in the bar scene.

A Russian pool configuration can be seen in “Tulsa King” starring Sylvester Stallone in Season 1, episode 5, while making a phone call, he walks around a pool table with all-white balls racked, and a white cue ball.

Russian pyramid has been adapted into [[sports video games|video games]], both in stand-alone form and as a play mode in multi-cue-sports video games. Many recent releases have been [[mobile games]] for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]].{{cn|date=August 2022}}

=="Russian pool"==
[[Image:Russian and American pool ball comparison.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Comparison of the 68 mm ({{frac|2|11|16}} in) Russian and the 57 mm ({{frac|2|1|4}} in) common-style [[Pocket billiards|pool]] 1-ball.]]

Colored numbered balls for playing [[eight-ball]], [[nine-ball]], and other [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] games on Russian billiards tables are also produced. The balls are 68 mm ({{frac|2|11|16}} in) in diameter, like the standard ones for Russian pyramid, and thus much larger than the American-style balls they are patterned after {{crossreference|(as illustrated in the comparison image)}}.

==WPA World Pyramid Championship==
Sanctioned by the [[World Pool-Billiard Association]] (WPA).

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Winner 
|-
| 2019 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Semyon Zaitsev]]
|-
| 2018 || {{flagicon|MDA}} [[Serghei Krîjanovski]]
|-
| 2017 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Iosif Abramov]]
|- 
| 2016 || {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Alikhan Karaneyev]]
|-
| 2015 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladislav Osminin]]
|-
| 2006 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Pavel Mekhovov]]
|-
| 2005 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Yury Paschinsky]]
|-
| 2003 || {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Yaroslav Vynokur]] 
|-
| 2002 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ilya Kirichkov]]
|-
| 2001 || {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kanybek Sagyndykov]]
|-
| 2000 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Stalev]] (2)
|-
| 1999 || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Stalev]] 
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cue sports nav}}

[[Category:Cue sports disciplines]]
[[Category:Sports originating in Russia]]
[[Category:Russian pyramid| ]]