View source for S-200 missile system

{{other uses|S-200 (disambiguation)|SA-5 (disambiguation)}}
{{Short description|Surface-to-air missile system}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name= S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna<br /><small>SA-5 Gammon</small>
| image= ZRK S-200V 2007 G1 (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption= S-200V missile on its launcher
| origin= [[Soviet Union]]
| type= Strategic [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]] system
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_vehicle=yes
| is_UK=yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service= 1967–present
| used_by=See list of [[#Operators|present and former operators]]
| wars= [[First Libyan Civil War]]<br/>[[Syrian civil war]]<br/>[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-10 |title=Russian air defenses intercept five Ukrainian S-200 missiles |language=en |publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]] |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/203074/Russian-air-defenses-intercept-five-Ukrainian-S-200-missiles}}</ref>
<!-- Production history -->
| designer= [[Almaz-Antei|KB-1 design bureau]] (system), GSKB Spetsmash (launcher)<ref name="Janes">{{Cite web |date=2008-04-02 |title=Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence S-200 Angara/Vega (SA-5 'Gammon') low to high-altitude surface-to-air missile system |url=http://www8.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/yb/jlad/jlad0225.htm |access-date=2008-08-15 |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]}}{{dead link|fix-attempted=y|date=July 2023}}</ref>
| design_date=1964
| manufacturer=
| unit_cost=
| production_date=
| number=
| variants= S-200A, S-200V, S-200M, S-200VE, S-200D, S-200C
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label=
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<!-- Vehicle specifications -->
| armour=
| primary_armament=
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| engine=
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| guidance=[[Semi-active radar homing]]
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}}

The [[NPO Almaz]] '''S-200 ''[[Angara]]/Vega/[[Dubna (Daugava)|Dubna]]''''' ({{langx|ru|С-200 Ангара/Вега/Дубна}}), [[NATO reporting name]] '''SA-5 ''[[wiktionary:gammon|Gammon]]''''' (initially '''''[[Tallinn]]'''''),<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3636894;view=1up;seq=623 Statement of Dr. John S. Foster, Director, Department of Research and Engineering, U.S. Department of Defense], April 15, 1970, p.&nbsp;611.</ref> is a long-range, high-altitude [[surface-to-air missile]] (SAM) system developed by the [[Soviet Union]] in the 1960s to defend large areas from high-altitude [[bomber]]s or other targets. In Soviet service, these systems were deployed primarily on the battalion level, with six launchers and a fire control radar. 

The S-200 can be linked to other longer-range [[radar]] systems.

==Background==
[[File:Two-stage V-400 (5V11) missile of surface-to-air missile system «Dal» in Military-historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps in Saint-Petersburg, Russia.jpg|thumb|right|Two-stage V-400 (5V11) Angara missile of the Dal SAM system in Saint-Petersburg Artillery museum.]]
After trials of the [[S-25 Berkut]] in 1955, the Soviet Union started development of the [[RS-25 Dal]] long-range missile system with the V-400/5V11 missile. It was initially assigned the "SA-5" designation in the West<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dal |url=http://www.astronautix.com/d/dal.html |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=[[Astronautix]]}}</ref> and codenamed "Griffon", but the project was abandoned in 1964.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA381863.pdf |title=Hitting a Bullet with a Bullet: A History of Ballistic Missile Defense |last=Werrell |first=Kenneth P. |date=2000 |publisher=[[Air University (United States Air Force)|Air University]] |page=11 |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center]]}}</ref> The SA-5 designation was then assigned to the S-200.

==Description==
At the height of the Cold War, nuclear-armed B-52s flew around the Warsaw Pact territory on a continuous patrol. In the event of a nuclear conflict, these bombers were the primary targets for these missiles. S-200 Vega systems having a warhead replaceable with a 25 kt TNT nuclear warhead and a range of around 250 km.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

The S-200 surface-to-air missile system was designed for the defense of the most important administrative, industrial and military installations from all types of air attack. The S-200 is an all-weather system that can be operated in various climatic conditions.<ref name="pvo.guns.ru">{{Cite web |title=Зенитный Ракетный Комплекс Большой Дальности С-200 (SA-5 Gammon) |trans-title=S-200 Long Range Anti-Aircraft Missile System |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/s200.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916055821/http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/s200.htm |archive-date=16 September 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |language=ru}}</ref>

The first S-200 operational regiments were deployed in 1966 with 18 sites and 342 launchers in service by the end of the year. By 1968 there were 40 sites, and by 1969 there were 60 sites. The growth in numbers then gradually increased throughout the 1970s (1,100 launchers)<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Зенитная Ракетная Система С-200 (SA-5 Gammon) |trans-title=Anti-aircraft Missile System S-200 |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/index.htm#10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127172111/http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/index.htm#10 |archive-date=2014-11-27 |access-date=2014-12-04 |website=pvo.guns.ru |language=ru}}</ref> and early 1980s until the peak of 130<ref name="Janes" /> sites and 2,030 launchers was reached in 1980–1990.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

===Variants===
* '''S-200A''' "Angara" ({{langx|ru|С-200А}}, NATO reporting name ''SA-5a''), with the V-860/5V21 or V-860P/5V21A missile, introduced in 1967, range {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}}, ceiling {{convert|20.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=17}}
* '''S-200V''' "Vega"{{efn|name=transliteration|The [[Cyrillic]] character [[В]] is most commonly romanized as a Latin V, but some transliterations (such as the German [[Duden]] transliteration) use the Latin W.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Die Deutsche Rechtschreibung |date=2000 |publisher=[[Bibliographisches Institut]] |isbn=3411040122 |edition=22nd |series=[[Duden]] |volume=1 |location=Mannheim |page=118 |language=de}}</ref> To keep a consistent style, this article uses the common "V" romanization.}} ({{langx|ru|С-200В}}, NATO reporting name ''SA-5b''), with the V-860PV/5V21P {{cn span|date=August 2023|or 5V28V missiles,}} introduced in 1970, range {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}, ceiling {{convert|29.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=17}} With the V-870 missile, range increased to {{convert|280|km|mi|abbr=on}} and ceiling to {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=17}}
* '''S-200M''' "Vega-M"{{efn|name=transliteration}} ({{langx|ru|С-200М}}, NATO reporting name ''SA-5b''), with the V-880/5V28 or V-880N/5V28N missiles, introduced 1970,{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=17}} {{cn span|date=August 2023|range {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}, ceiling {{convert|29|km|mi|abbr=on}}.}} The V-880N/5V28N was the first missile for the S-200 which could be equipped with a {{cn span|25 kilotonne|date=June 2025}} nuclear warhead, with the "N" in the designation standing for "nuclear".{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=17}}
* '''S-200VE''' "Vega-E"{{efn|name=transliteration}}{{efn|name=transliteration2|Some German sources romanize the Cyrillic [[Э]] as [[Ä]]. The more common romanization as a Latin E is used in this article for consistency.}} ({{langx|ru|С-200ВЭ}}, NATO reporting name ''SA-5b''), with the V-880E/5V28E missile, export version with high-explosive warhead only, introduced 1973, range {{convert|240-255|km|mi|abbr=on}}, ceiling {{convert|40.8|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=18, 34}}
* '''S-200D''' "Dubna" ({{langx|ru|С-200Д}}, NATO reporting name ''SA-5c''), with the 5V25V, V-880M/5V28M, and V-880MN/5V28MN missiles, introduced in 1976, range {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}},{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=18}} ceiling {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="rbase.new-factoria.ru">{{Cite web |title=Зенитный ракетный комплекс С-200В Вега |trans-title=Anti-aircraft missile system S-200V Vega |url=http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/c200/c200.shtml |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007142428/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/c200/c200.shtml |archive-date=2014-10-07 |access-date=2014-12-04 |website=Ракетная техника |language=ru}}</ref> The V-880MN/5V28MN were equipped with a 5 kilotonne nuclear warhead.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=18}}
* '''S-200C''' "Vega",{{efn|name=transliteration}} a Polish evolution of the S-200VE, resulting from a refit undertaken between 1999 and 2002.<ref name="SnD">{{Cite journal |last1=Pietrasieński |first1=Jan |last2=Rodzik |first2=Dariusz |last3=Bużantowicz |first3=Witold |date=2021-10-20 |title=The Tactical and Technical Functioning Conditions of the S-200C Vega Missile System on the Modern Battlefield |url=https://sd-magazine.eu/index.php/sd/issue/view/13/12 |format=PDF |journal=Safety & Defense |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=80–89 |doi=10.37105/sd.160 |s2cid=244993308 |issn=2450-551X|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Iranian air defense force has implemented several improvements on their S-200 systems such as using solid state parts and removing restrictions on working time. They reportedly destroyed a UAV target beyond 100&nbsp;km range in a military drill in recent years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2012 |title=اس-200 ایران؛ یک سورپرایز برای آواکس های دشمن |trans-title=Iran's S-200; A surprise for enemy AWACS |url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/99367/ |access-date=23 January 2019 |publisher=[[Mashregh News]] |language=fa}}</ref> They use two new, solid propellant missiles named [[Sayyad-2]] and Sayyad-3, via interface systems Talash-2 and Talash-3 in cooperation with S-200 system. These missiles can cover medium and long ranges at high altitudes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2014 |title=«صیاد 2» زنجیره شکارچیان ایرانی را کامل کرد +عکس |url=http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/316229/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826224043/https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/316229/ |archive-date=26 August 2015 |access-date=3 April 2018 |publisher=[[Mashregh News]] |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2014 |title=آشنایی با 3 سامانه پدافندی که ایران به جای اس 300 رونمایی کرد +عکس |url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/363390/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120181341/http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/363390 |archive-date=20 November 2014 |access-date=19 May 2015 |publisher=[[Mashregh News]] |language=fa}}</ref> Iran claims to have developed a mobile launcher for the system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsiran-upgrades-s-200-long-range-air-defence-system|title=Iran upgrades S-200 long-range air defence system|date=10 July 2013 |access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129010849/http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsiran-upgrades-s-200-long-range-air-defence-system|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

While the S-200 features vastly superior range than other air defense systems such as the [[S-400 missile system|S-400]], it does not have the same mobility that the latter systems have. This means that while it still has the ability to switch off its radar to avoid detection and turn incoming [[Anti-radiation missile|ARMs]] dumb, it cannot move out of the way of incoming INS guided munitions such as [[Joint Direct Attack Munition|JDAMs]], a primary tactic of mobile air defense systems such as the S-400. The components of an S-200 system are transported by modified trucks during installation, but cannot easily move. This requires the site to be defended by [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AAA]], [[Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|SPAAA]], [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]], other [[Short range air defense|shorter range air defense systems]], and other means of protection from adversary [[Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses|SEAD]] platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |date=2024-01-07 |title=SA-5 Gammon S-200 Angara ground to air missile system data |url=https://armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_missile_system_vehicle_uk/sa-5_gammon_s-200_angara_vega_ground_to_air_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_uk.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Army Recognition |language=en-gb}}</ref>

The command post of the [[S-300 missile system|S-300]] system (SA-20/SA-20A/SA-20B) can manage the elements of the S-200 and S-300 in any combination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Система ПВО "Фаворит" - Средства управления 83М6Е2 |trans-title=Air defense system "Favorite" - Command post 83M6E2 |url=http://www.s300.ru/produce/adms/s300pmu2/83m6e2.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140914084553/http://www.s300.ru/produce/adms/s300pmu2/83m6e2.aspx |archive-date=14 September 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="kap-yar.ru">{{Cite web |title=Средства управления зенитными комплексами С-300 83М6Е |trans-title=Command post for S-300 system 83M6E |url=http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=252 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013070835/http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=252 |archive-date=13 October 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |website=Капустин Яр |language=ru}}</ref> The S-200 Dubna missile complex can be controlled by the S-300's command post,<ref name="kap-yar.ru" /> and the S-300 missile complex can be controlled<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-03 |title=ЗРС С-400 "Триумф": Обнаружение - дальнее, сопровождение - точное, пуск - поражающий |url=http://old.raspletin.ru/press-centre/news/2008/080603/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403191712/http://old.raspletin.ru/press-centre/news/2008/080603/ |archive-date=3 April 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |language=ru}}</ref> by the S-400 command post<ref name="soldiering.ru">{{Cite web |title=Система С-200 |trans-title=S-200 system |url=http://www.soldiering.ru/army/airdefence/russia/c-200.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103541/http://www.soldiering.ru/army/airdefence/russia/c-200.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=14 November 2014 |website=Военное дело |language=ru}}</ref> or through a higher-level command post (Organize Use PVO 73N6 "Baikal-1").<ref>{{Cite web |title=Автоматизированная система управления Группировка ПВО 73Н6 'Байкал-1' |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/asu/baikal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127082308/http://pvo.guns.ru/asu/baikal.htm |archive-date=27 November 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |language=ru}}</ref>

===Radar===
[[File:Radar antenna in Kecel.jpg|thumb|right|A 5N62 "Square Pair" fire control radar in a Hungarian museum]]
The fire control radar of the S-200 system is the '''5N62''' (NATO reporting name: '''Square Pair''') [[H band (NATO)|H band]]<ref name="FAS">{{Cite web |date=1998-07-03 |title=S-200 SA-5 GAMMON |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-200.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421032656/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-200.htm |archive-date=2008-04-21 |access-date=2023-08-29 |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref> [[continuous wave radar]], and is used for both the tracking of targets and their illumination. The 5N62V variant could track larger targets like strategic bombers at {{convert|450|km|mi|abbr=on}}, smaller aircraft like fighter-bombers at {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and cruise missiles at {{circa}} {{convert|170|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Kraus|2019|p=51}} The 5N62 had two main components, the K-1 and K-2 "cabins", with the former containing the antenna. The K-1 could rotate around its own axis at 15 degrees per second, completing a full turn in 24 seconds and would make elevation adjustments at 5.5 degrees per second.{{sfn|Kraus|2019|p=52}} A K-1 in assembled state weighed {{convert|30|t|lb}}.{{sfn|Kraus|2019|p=52}} The K-2 cabin contained the command post and weighed about {{convert|25|t|lb}}.{{sfn|Kraus|2019|p=54}}

Initial detection of targets was conducted by a [[P-14 radar|P-14/5N84A]] (NATO: Tall King C) [[A band (NATO)|A band]] [[early warning radar]], operating in the 150–170 MHz range at 3–6 [[revolutions per minute|RPM]],{{sfn|Kraus|2019|p=45}} with a [[PRV-17]] (NATO: Odd Group) [[height finding radar]] assisting in determining the target's altitude.{{sfn|Kraus|2019|p=47}}

The [[P-35 radar|P-35]] (NATO: Bar Lock) E/F band radar could also be associated with the S-200.<ref name="FAS" />

===Missiles===
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = 5V21 family
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| origin             = Soviet Union
| type               = [[Surface-to-air missile]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_missile         = yes
| is_UK              = no
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1967–present
| used_by            = See list of [[#Operators|operators]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[MKB Fakel|OKB-2 design bureau]] (missile), SKB-35 bureau (avionics), [[Lyubertsy Soyuz Science Production Association|NII-125 research institute]] (solid rocket propellant)
| design_date        = 
| manufacturer       = 
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 
| number             = 
| variants           = 5V21, 5V25, 5V28<br/>See also {{section link||Variants}}
<!-- General specifications -->| spec_label         = 5V28E{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=18, 34, 69-82}}<ref name="ulm5V28E">{{Cite web |title=Datenblatt des Flugkörpers 5W28E |url=http://www.uni-ulm.de/~s_mlomni/S-200/komplex/rakete/rakete-datenblatt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409201441/http://www.uni-ulm.de/~s_mlomni/S-200/komplex/rakete/rakete-datenblatt.html |archive-date=2008-04-09 |access-date=2024-12-27 |publisher=[[University of Ulm]] |language=de}}</ref>
| weight             = {{convert|7018|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} (with boosters)<br/>{{convert|3918|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} (second stage only)
| length             = {{convert|10764|mm|ft|abbr=on}} (with boosters)<br/>{{convert|10452|mm|ft|abbr=on}} (second stage only)
| part_length        = 
| width              = 
| height             = 
| diameter           = {{convert|752|mm|ft|abbr=on}}
| crew               = <!-- Explosive specifications -->
| filling            = Frag-HE
| filling_weight     = {{convert|217|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}
| detonation         = Proximity and command fusing
| yield              = <!-- Missile specifications -->
| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = '''Main:''' [[Dual-thrust]] liquid-fueled [[rocket]] engine<br/>'''Boosters:''' 4 [[solid rocket|solid-fueled]] strap-on [[Booster (rocketry)|rocket boosters]]
| engine_power       = 
| pw_ratio           = 
| transmission       = 
| payload_capacity   = 
| suspension         = 
| clearance          = 
| wingspan           = {{convert|2.52|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| propellant         = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|240-255|km|mi}}
| ceiling            = {{convert|40800|m|ft}}
| altitude           = 
| boost              = 3–5.1 seconds
| speed              = {{convert|1400|m/s|Mach km/h mph|abbr=on}}
| guidance           = [[Semi-active radar homing]] seeker head
| steering           = 
| accuracy           = 
| launch_platform    = 
| transport          = 
}}

The S-200 missile system's numerous variants have been equipped with several different missiles over its operational history, notably the 5V21, 5V25, and 5V28 missiles and their subvariants.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=17-18}}

The 5V28E missile is launched by four [[solid rocket|solid-fueled]] strap-on [[Booster (rocketry)|rocket boosters]] designated 5S25 which burn for between 3 and 5.1 seconds, generating {{convert|40|tf|lk=on}} (+/- 8%) of thrust each, for a total of circa {{convert|160|tf}}.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=73}} After the boosters burn out, they are released from the missile in pairs and drop away. The missile's second stage is a liquid fueled sustainer rocket engine, designated 5D67, fueled by a two-component rocket propellant made up of {{convert|720|l}} [[TG-02]] ''Samin'' fuel (50% [[xylidine]] and 50% [[triethylamine]]) and {{convert|1085|l}} of the oxidizing agent [[IRFNA|AK-27P]] (consisting of at least 69.5%  pure [[nitric acid]] and 24–28% [[dinitrogen tetroxide]]).{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=75}} The second stage burns for between 51 and 150 seconds.<ref name="ulm5V28E" /> The missile reaches its maximum effective range of {{convert|255|km|nmi|abbr=on}} after 215 seconds.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=34, 74}} With a minimum engagement range of {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}}, the 5V28E variant was able to engage targets at altitudes up to {{convert|40800|m|abbr=on}}, with a minimum altitude of {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} outside of {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}}, and at least {{convert|1000|m|abbr=on}} at shorter ranges.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=34}} Target speeds could range between {{convert|100|m/s|Mach km/h mph|abbr=on}} and {{convert|1200|m/s|Mach km/h mph|abbr=on}}.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=34}} The 5V28E's high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighs {{convert|217|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} in total and contains 16,000 × 2&nbsp;g fragmentation pellets, 21,000 × 3.5&nbsp;g pellets, and {{convert|90|kg|abbr=on}} of explosives.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=75}} Triggered by radar proximity fuse, the warhead was designed to destroy targets within a 120-degree cone at up to {{convert|200|m|abbr=on}}.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|p=75}}

The 5V28N and 5V28MN were the only missile variants equipped with a nuclear warhead, the latter with a yield equivalent to 5 kilotonnes of TNT.{{Sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=17-18}}

{{Expand section|with=details on other variants|date=December 2024}}

==Operational history==
[[File:3-site SA-5.png|thumb|Layout of a typical SA-5 complex with three launch sites (consisting of six launchers each)]]
===Libya===
Starting in 1985, Libya received a number of S-200 missile systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chang |first=Edward |date=2017-12-05 |title='Smoke 'Em' |url=https://warisboring.com/smoke-em/ |website=[[War Is Boring]]}}</ref> In the following months, Libyan forces fired a number of S-200 missiles on different occasions at US fighter-bombers, missing them.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 1986 |title=Excerpts From News Sessions on Clash With Libya's Forces |language=en |work=[[The New York Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/25/world/excerpts-from-news-sessions-on-clash-with-libya-s-forces.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830014055/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/25/world/excerpts-from-news-sessions-on-clash-with-libya-s-forces.html |archive-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>
In the USSR, three organizations (CDB Almaz, a test site and a research institute of the Ministry of Defense) conducted computer simulation of the battle, which gave the probability of hitting each of the air targets (3) in the range from 96 to 99%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Покорение "Ангары" |url=http://otvaga2004.ru/kaleydoskop/kaleydoskop-miss/pokorenie-angary/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703095515/http://otvaga2004.ru/kaleydoskop/kaleydoskop-miss/pokorenie-angary/ |archive-date=2017-07-03 |access-date=2017-07-16 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Зенитная Ракетная Система С-200 Боевое Применение |trans-title=S-200 Anti-Aircraft Missile System |url=http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/index_pu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605103157/http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/index_pu.htm |archive-date=2017-06-05 |access-date=2017-07-16 |website=pvo.guns.ru |language=ru}}</ref>

=== Syria ===
Starting in January 1983, Syria received supplies of S-200 missiles from the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 1983 |title=U.S. Tells Soviet of Concern Over New Missiles for Syria |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/08/world/us-tells-soviet-of-concern-over-new-missiles-for-syria.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134513/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/08/world/us-tells-soviet-of-concern-over-new-missiles-for-syria.html |archive-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 January 1983 |title=Soviet Is Said to Deploy New Missiles in Syria |work=[[The New York Times]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/18/world/soviet-is-said-to-deploy-new-missiles-in-syria.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830055933/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/18/world/soviet-is-said-to-deploy-new-missiles-in-syria.html |archive-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> They were organized into two long range surface-to-air missile regiments, each composed of two battalions of two batteries each for a total of at least 24 launchers. Later in the 1980s, the Soviet Union agreed to supply a third regiment increasing the number of launchers to 40–50.
Initially, the missiles were manned by Soviet crews.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |author-link=Thomas Friedman |date=21 March 1983 |title=Syrian Army Said to Be Stronger Than Ever, Thanks to Soviet |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/21/world/syrian-army-said-to-be-stronger-than-ever-thanks-to-soviet.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207063212/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/21/world/syrian-army-said-to-be-stronger-than-ever-thanks-to-soviet.html |archive-date=7 February 2018}}</ref> In April 1984, a U.S. intelligence report cited a Soviet official claiming that training of Syrian personnel was nearly complete and that the transfer of the system to Syrian control was to occur in the near future.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP87T00970R000200020003-6.pdf |title=National Intelligence Daily |date=1984-04-02 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |page=5}}</ref>

During the initial years of the [[Syrian civil war]], parts of the S-200 systems were occasionally spotted when [[Syrian Air Defense Force]] sites were overrun by rebel forces. Most notably radars, missiles and other equipment from S-200 systems was pictured in a state of disrepair when rebels overtook the air defense site in Eastern Ghouta in October 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2012 |title=Civil War in Syria (8): The Fall of Military Bases |url=https://milinme.wordpress.com/2012/11/16/civil-war-in-syria-8-the-fall-of-military-bases/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319200012/https://milinme.wordpress.com/2012/11/16/civil-war-in-syria-8-the-fall-of-military-bases/ |archive-date=19 March 2017 |access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>{{SPS|date=July 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 October 2012 |title=Syrian rebels say capture air defense base near Damascus |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-missile-idUSBRE8940GQ20121005 |url-status=live |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829205359/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-missile-idUSBRE8940GQ20121005 |archive-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> On 2 January 2017, the Syrian Army recaptured this air defense base.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fadel |first=Leith |date=2 January 2017 |title=Syrian Army captures Air Defense Base in East Ghouta |work=[[Al-Masdar News]] |url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-air-defense-base-east-ghouta/ |url-status=dead |access-date=19 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516231158/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-air-defense-base-east-ghouta/ |archive-date=16 May 2017}}</ref>

Starting with the Russian intervention in the civil war in late 2015, there were new efforts to restore some Syrian S-200 systems. Indeed, on 15 November 2016, the Russian defence minister confirmed that Russian forces repaired Syrian S-200s to operational status.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Binnie |first=Jeremy |date=2016-11-17 |title=Syria now operating 'restored' S-200 SAMs |url=http://www.janes.com/article/65557/syria-now-operating-restored-s-200-sams |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Jane's Defence Weekly]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319195829/http://www.janes.com/article/65557/syria-now-operating-restored-s-200-sams |archive-date=2017-03-19 |access-date=2017-03-19}}</ref> For example, in July 2016, the Syrian Army, with Russian assistance, rebuilt an S-200 site at Kweires airport, near Aleppo.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia's military presence mounts in Kuweires airport: sources |url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/17079.html |url-status=live |access-date=2016-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125111240/https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/17079.html |archive-date=2016-11-25}}</ref>
On September 12, 2016, the [[Israel Defense Forces]] confirmed that two Syrian S-200 missiles were fired at Israeli aircraft while they were on a mission inside Syrian airspace. The Syrian Defense Ministry claimed that an Israeli jet and a drone were shot down.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Овим руским оружјем је Сирија оборила израелски војни авион |language=sr |trans-title=Syria shot down an Israeli military plane with this Russian weapon |work=Правда |url=http://www.pravda.rs/lat/2016/09/14/ovim-ruskim-oruzjem-je-sirija-oborila-izraelski-vojni-avion-foto/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201449/http://www.pravda.rs/lat/2016/09/14/ovim-ruskim-oruzjem-je-sirija-oborila-izraelski-vojni-avion-foto/ |archive-date=12 February 2018}}</ref> According to the IDF spokesman's office, the claims are "total lies," and "at no point was the safety of IDF aircraft compromised."<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Elwazer |first1=Schams |last2=Hume |first2=Tim |last3=Liebermann |first3=Oren |author-link3=Oren Liebermann |date=13 September 2016 |title=IDF denies Syrian claim to have shot down Israeli warplane, drone |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/middleeast/syria-israel-warplane-denial/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=2017-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829204354/http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/middleeast/syria-israel-warplane-denial/index.html |archive-date=2017-08-29}}</ref>

[[March 2017 Israel–Syria incident|On March 17, 2017, the Israeli Air Force]] attacked a number of Syrian armed forces targets near Palmyria in Syria.{{cn|date=November 2020}} During the action a number of Syrian S-200 missiles were fired at the Israeli aircraft.<ref name="theaviationist.com">{{Cite web |last=Cenciotti |first=David |date=17 March 2017 |title=Syria claims it shot down an Israeli combat plane; Israel denies: dissecting the latest IAF strike on Damascus |url=https://theaviationist.com/2017/03/17/syria-claims-it-shot-down-an-israeli-combat-plane-israel-denies-dissecting-the-last-iaf-strike-on-damascus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709023944/https://theaviationist.com/2017/03/17/syria-claims-it-shot-down-an-israeli-combat-plane-israel-denies-dissecting-the-last-iaf-strike-on-damascus/ |archive-date=9 July 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |website=The Aviationist}}</ref> One of the Syrian missiles, going ballistic after losing its target, was inbound to a populated area in Israel. The Israeli missile defense fired at least one [[Arrow (Israeli missile)|Arrow missile]] which intercepted the incoming missile.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cenciotti |first=David |date=2017-03-18 |title=Israel Bombed Damascus — And Didn't Need Stealth Fighters to Do It |url=https://warisboring.com/israel-bombed-damascus-and-didnt-need-stealth-fighters-to-do-it/ |access-date=3 April 2018 |website=[[War Is Boring]]}}</ref> Two other S-200 missiles landed in other parts of Israel, having lost their target. According to [[Abkhazian Network News Agency|ANNA News]], Syria claimed that they had shot down one IAF F-16 aircraft and damaged another.<ref name="theaviationist.com" /> While the Syrian Defense Ministry claimed that an Israeli fighter jet was shot down, which was denied by Israel, Israeli defence minister [[Avigdor Lieberman]] threatened to destroy Syrian air defence systems after they fired ground-to-air missiles at Israeli warplanes carrying out strikes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2017 |title=Israel threatens to 'destroy without hesitation' Syrian air defence systems |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/israel-threatens-to-destroy-without-hesitation-syrian-air-defence-systems/story-FZ74GvPP7NAox8fSugwXDK.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724154002/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/israel-threatens-to-destroy-without-hesitation-syrian-air-defence-systems/story-FZ74GvPP7NAox8fSugwXDK.html |archive-date=24 July 2018}}</ref>  The [[Jordan]]ian [[Jordanian Armed Forces|armed forces]] reported that parts of a missile fell in its territory. There were no casualties in Jordan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weizman |first=Steve |title=Netanyahu: Syria raids targeted 'advanced' Hezbollah arms |language=en |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/netanyahu-syria-raids-targeted-advanced-hezbollah-arms-202637725.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317231030/https://www.yahoo.com/news/netanyahu-syria-raids-targeted-advanced-hezbollah-arms-202637725.html |archive-date=2017-03-17 |via=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref>

On October 16, 2017, a Syrian S-200 battery located around 50 kilometers east of Damascus fired a missile at an Israeli Air Force surveillance mission over Lebanon. The IAF responded by attacking the battery and destroying the fire control radar with four bombs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zitun |first=Yoav |date=2017-10-16 |title=IAF retaliates against Syrian surface-to-air missile battery |work=[[Ynetnews]] |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5029195,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=2017-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016174557/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5029195,00.html |archive-date=2017-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5029187,00.html|title=חיל האוויר השמיד בסוריה סוללה ששיגרה טיל לעבר מטוסים|work=ynet|access-date=2017-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016140917/https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5029187,00.html|archive-date=2017-10-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-16 |title=צה"ל תקף סוללת נ"מ של צבא סוריה |language=he |work=[[Mako (website)|mako]] |url=https://www.mako.co.il/news-military/security-q4_2017/Article-ae935cff3542f51004.htm |url-status=live |access-date=2017-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016174108/http://www.mako.co.il/news-military/security-q4_2017/Article-ae935cff3542f51004.htm?sCh=3d385dd2dd5d4110&pId=1898243326 |archive-date=2017-10-16}}</ref>
Despite this, the Syrian Defense Ministry said in its statement that the air-defense forces "directly hit one of the jets, forcing [Israeli aircraft] to retreat." Israel said that no plane was hit.

On February 10, 2018, Israel launched an airstrike against targets in Syria with eight fighter aircraft as retaliation for a UAV incursion into Israeli airspace earlier in the day. Syrian air defenses succeeded in [[February 2018 Israel–Syria incident|shooting down one]] of the Israeli jets, an [[F-16I Sufa]], with an S-200 missile - this was the first Israeli  jet to be shot down in combat since 1982.<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news |date=2018-02-18 |title=Critically wounded pilot downed in Syria strike walks out of hospital |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/critically-wounded-pilot-downed-in-syria-strike-walks-out-of-hospital/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165527/https://www.timesofisrael.com/critically-wounded-pilot-downed-in-syria-strike-walks-out-of-hospital/ |archive-date=2018-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zitun |first=Yoav |date=25 February 2018 |title=Investigation finds pilots of downed F-16 failed to defend themselves |work=[[Ynetnews]] |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5131594,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311082643/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5131594,00.html |archive-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> The jet crashed in the [[Jezreel Valley]], near [[Harduf]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ensor |first=Josie |date=10 February 2018 |title=Israel strikes Iranian targets in Syria after F-16 fighter jet shot down |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/10/israeli-fighter-jet-shot-syrian-anti-aircraft-fire-military/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404164910/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/10/israeli-fighter-jet-shot-syrian-anti-aircraft-fire-military/ |archive-date=4 April 2018 |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> Both the pilot and the navigator managed to eject; one was injured lightly, the other more seriously, but both survived and walked out of the hospital one week later.<ref name="TOI"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2018 |title=Pilot of downed F-16 jet regains consciousness, taken off respirator |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/pilot-of-downed-f-16-jet-regains-consciousness-taken-off-respirator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080808/https://www.timesofisrael.com/pilot-of-downed-f-16-jet-regains-consciousness-taken-off-respirator/ |archive-date=13 February 2018}}</ref>

On 10 May 2018, Israeli Air Force launched [[Operation House of Cards]] against a number of Iranian and Syrian targets, claiming the destruction of a S-200 radar among different other targets.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Baruch |first1=Uzi |last2=Finkler |first2=Kobi |date=10 May 2018 |title=IDF attacks dozens of Iranian targets in Syria |work=[[Israel National News]] |url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/245725}}</ref> 

On September 17, 2018, a Russian [[Ilyushin Il-18|Il-20M]] [[Signals intelligence|ELINT]] plane [[Syria missile strikes (September 2018)|was shot down]] by a Syrian S-200 surface-to-air missile killing all the 15 servicemen onboard{{fact|date=September 2024}}. Four Israeli F-16 fighter jets attacked targets in Syria's Latakia with [[standoff missile]]s, after approaching from the Mediterranean Sea, a statement by the Russian defense ministry said on 18 September. “The Israeli pilots used the Russian plane as cover and set it up to be targeted by the Syrian air defense forces. As a consequence, the Il-20, which has radar cross-section much larger than the F-16, was shot down by an S-200 system missile,” the statement said. The Russian ministry stressed that the Israelis must have known that the Russian plane was present in the area, which didn't stop them from “the provocation”. Israel also failed to warn Russia about the planned operation in advance. The warning came a minute before the attack started, which “did not leave time to move the Russian plane to a safe area,” the statement said.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-18 |title=Russian aircrew deaths: Putin and Netanyahu defuse tension |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45563304 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919182437/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45563304 |archive-date=2018-09-19}}</ref>
On 21 September, an Israeli delegation visiting Moscow stated that the Israeli attack formation did not use the Russian Il-20 as a shield during the attacks, while blaming the incident on the Syrian Air Defense Force which fired missiles for forty minutes while the Israeli attack formation had already left the area.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gross |first=Judah Ari |date=2018-09-21 |title=Israel: Russia accepts our take on Syrian downing of plane, coordination goes on |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-russia-accepts-our-take-on-syrian-downing-of-plane-coordination-goes-on/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113070101/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-russia-accepts-our-take-on-syrian-downing-of-plane-coordination-goes-on/ |archive-date=13 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-21 |title=Syria fired missiles for 40 minutes after Israeli strike, hitting Russian plane |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/syria-fired-missiles-for-40-minutes-after-israeli-strike-hitting-russian-plane/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223205647/https://www.timesofisrael.com/syria-fired-missiles-for-40-minutes-after-israeli-strike-hitting-russian-plane/ |archive-date=23 December 2018}}</ref> Russian President Vladimir Putin downplayed the incident saying that "it looks accidental, like a chain of tragic circumstances".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-18 |title=Putin says Israel did not shoot down Russian plane, calls it a tragic accident |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/putin-says-israel-did-not-shoot-down-russian-plane-calls-it-tragic-accident/}}</ref>

On 1 July 2019, a stray S-200 missile fired from Syria, presumably during bombing raids there, hit [[Northern Cyprus]]. The missile hit the ground around 1:00{{nbs}}a.m. near the village of Taşkent, also known as Vouno, some 20 kilometers (12 miles) northeast of Nicosia. No one was injured.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-01 |title=Missile that hit Northern Cyprus Russian-made S-200 fired from Syria, foreign minister says |work=[[Daily Sabah]] |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2019/07/01/missile-that-hit-northern-cyprus-russian-made-s-200-fired-from-syria-foreign-minister-says |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701122640/https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2019/07/01/missile-that-hit-northern-cyprus-russian-made-s-200-fired-from-syria-foreign-minister-says |archive-date=2019-07-01}}</ref>

On 22 April 2021, a stray S-200 missile exploded in the air some 30 kilometers from the [[Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center|Dimona nuclear reactor]] over Israel. The missile was fired from [[Al-Dumayr|Dumayr]], part of a salvo in response to Israeli jets conducting strikes on targets in the Syrian-controlled Golan Heights. Israeli air defenses tried to intercept the errant missile, but missed. Around an hour later, IDF said Israeli fighter jets struck the air defense battery which launched the missile.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gross |first=Judah Ari |date=22 April 2021 |title='Errant Syrian missile' fired at Israeli jet explodes near Dimona nuclear site |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/rocket-alert-sirens-sound-near-dimona-blasts-felt-in-central-israel-jerusalem/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=22 April 2021 |title=Syrian Surface-To-Air Missile Flew Way Off Course Triggering Alarms Before Exploding Over Israel |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/40290/syrian-surface-to-air-missile-flew-way-off-course-triggering-alarms-before-exploding-over-israel |website=The Drive}}</ref>
On 19 August 2021, in response to an Israeli air raid, the Syrian Air Defense fired several Surface to Air missiles at attacking Israeli jets and missiles. One of the S-200 fired missed and exploded above the [[Dead Sea]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ahronheim |first1=Anna |last2=Joffre |first2=Tzvi |date=2021-08-21 |title=Israel accused of striking Syrian site, air defenses kill 4 civilians |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/alleged-israeli-airstrike-targets-syria-report-677236}}</ref> On 3 September 2021, a missile fired by the Syrian army exploded over Tel Aviv. In response to the Syrian missile attack, the Israeli Air Force claim destroyed a battery of the Russian-made S-200 missile system of Syrian Army.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GDC |date=2021-09-04 |title=Israeli F-16I Destroyed Russian-made S-200 SAM In Syria |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/09/04/israeli-f-16i-destroyed-russian-made-s-200-sam-in-syria/ |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/military-hits-anti-aircraft-battery-in-syria-after-missile-explodes-over-israel/ |title=IAF hits anti-aircraft battery in Syria after missile explodes over Israel |website=timesofisrael.com |date=2023-07-02 |access-date=2024-12-04}}</ref>

===Ukraine===
A Ukrainian S-200 operated by the Ukrainian military during a joint Ukrainian-Russian military air-defence exercises<ref>{{cite news|author1=Yanina Vaskovskaya |title=We Hit |url=http://2001.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2001/75n/n75n-s00.shtml |work=Novaya Gazeta |date=15 October 2001 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508084452/http://2001.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2001/75n/n75n-s00.shtml |archive-date=8 May 2016 }}</ref> at the Russian-controlled training ground fired on a [[Tupolev Tu-154]] passenger aircraft flying from [[Tel Aviv]] to [[Novosibirsk]], [[Siberia Airlines Flight 1812]]. The airliner was destroyed over the [[Black Sea]] on 4 October 2001, killing all 78 people onboard.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wines |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Wines |date=14 October 2001 |title=After 9 Days, Ukraine Says Its Missile Hit A Russian Jet |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/14/world/after-9-days-ukraine-says-its-missile-hit-a-russian-jet.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312020347/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/14/world/after-9-days-ukraine-says-its-missile-hit-a-russian-jet.html |archive-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>

The systems were retired from service in 2013. The official reasons behind the decision was high maintenance costs and the systems were becoming obsolete, but according to former deputy chief of the [[General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces]], Lt. Gen. Ihor Romanenko, some military personnel unsuccessfully tried to keep the S-200 in service.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tuzov |first1=Bohdan |title=ANALYSIS: Ukraine Upgrades Outdated S-200 Air Defense System, Shoots Down Russian Strategic Aircraft |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31842 |access-date=21 March 2025 |work=[[Kyiv Post]] |date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429133902/https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31842 |archive-date=29 April 2024}}</ref>

Ukrainian armed forces possibly used modified  S-200 missiles in a ground attack role in  2023, during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]], to attack Russian positions in [[Bryansk Oblast]] and [[Russian occupation of Crimea|Crimea]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-10 |title=Frontline report: Ukraine employs modified S-200 missiles to attack rear Russian targets |work=[[Euromaidan Press]] |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/07/10/frontline-report-ukraine-employs-modified-s-200-missiles-to-attack-rear-russian-targets/}}</ref><ref name="axe">{{Cite magazine |last=Axe |first=David |author-link=David Axe |date=2023-07-10 |title=Ukraine's Newest Deep-Strike Missile Is An Ex-Soviet Antique—With a Few Tweaks |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/07/10/ukraines-newest-deep-strike-missile-is-an-ex-soviet-antique-with-a-few-tweaks/ |magazine=[[Forbes]] |language=en |access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref> It was reported that the missiles were used in an attack on the [[Crimean Bridge]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Radford |first1=Antoinette |last2=Baker |first2=Graeme |date=2023-08-12 |title=Ukraine war: Crimea bridge targeted by missiles, Russia says |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-66484640}}</ref>

Ukrainian armed forces claim to have used an S-200 to shoot down a [[Beriev A-50]] in the evening of 23 February 2024 over the Sea of Azov.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/02/23/7443442/|title=Russian A-50 was downed with S-200 anti-aircraft system|author1=Roman Kravets|author2=Alona Mazurenko|date=February 23, 2024|website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}}</ref> The shot down aircraft was identified as A-50U "42 red" of the 610th CBP i PLS.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/351939 | title=Accident Beriev A-50U RF-50610 42 R, Friday 23 February 2024 }}</ref>

On 19 April 2024, Ukraine claimed to have shot down a Russian [[Tu-22M3]] long-range strategic bomber over [[Stavropol Krai]]. Ukraine claimed that the bomber was trying to return to base but crashed near Stavropol. Russian authorities claimed the aircraft crashed due to a technical malfunction, killing one crew member, with another missing. A second aircraft was reported to have turned around after the destruction of the first. Ukraine's HUR claimed that a S-200 missile was used, as the same type of missile that shot down an [[Beriev A-50]] earlier in 2024. At a range of some 300 km, it could have been the first time that Ukraine has shot down a Tu-22 in the air, having "highly likely destroyed" one Tu-22 at an airbase in Novgorod, in August 2023, using drones.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240419-at-least-nine-killed-in-russian-strikes-in-ukraine-as-kyiv-says-it-downed-russian-warplane |title=At least nine killed in Ukraine strikes as Kyiv says it downed Russian warplane |work=France 24 |date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://kyivindependent.com/air-force-ukraine-downs-russian-tu-22m3-bomber-for-first-time/ |title=Air Force: Ukraine downs Russian Tu-22M3 bomber for first time |work=The Kyiv Independent |author=Kateryna Hodunova |date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31356 |title=Kyiv Achieves First Destruction of Russian Strategic Bomber Using S-200 System |work=The Kyiv Post |author=Kateryna Zakharchenko |date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/factbox-russian-bomber-plane-ukraine-090111524.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFFQ2zu020KQeceuTjcxYBVLcmGHxdtMK0El0witQuJxtsLVU8EDtVI1MSCtB7Ueowej3DgOJLSzU1IOIjmXbHFACwjMNO_G2KZnrDmDnPAjY52ScqW7SN8udW5ZCIzd0-8WFdzBbiB_34RWzTxrgQXimbWZwNZ_Tef2RUhd0sh7 |title=Factbox-What is the Russian bomber plane that Ukraine says it shot down? |agency=Reuters |date=19 April 2024}}</ref> On 19 April 2024, Ukraine claimed to have shot it down, at a range of 308 kms, using an S-200 missile, according to an interview with Lt. Gen. [[Kyrylo Budanov]], head of the HUR.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240419-at-least-nine-killed-in-russian-strikes-in-ukraine-as-kyiv-says-it-downed-russian-warplane |title=At least nine killed in Ukraine strikes as Kyiv says it downed Russian warplane |work=France 24 |date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31356 |title=Kyiv Achieves First Destruction of Russian Strategic Bomber Using S-200 System |work=The Kyiv Post |author=Kateryna Zakharchenko |date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.twz.com/air/russian-tu-22m3-backfire-shot-down-with-s-200-missile-ukraines-spy-chief |title=Russian Tu-22M3 Backfire Shot Down With S-200 Missile: Ukraine's Spy Chief |work=TWZ |author=HOWARD ALTMAN|author2= THOMAS NEWDICK |date=19 April 2024}}</ref>

According to the [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] (SIPRI), Poland supplied Ukraine with a S-200 Angara system and 20 missiles in 2023.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |title=Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferRegister |website=SIPRI |publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>

==Operators==
===Current===
* {{BUL}} – 12 launchers {{as of|2023|lc=yes}}.{{sfn|IISS|2023|p=78}}
* {{IRN}} – 10 upgraded battalions in service {{as of|2023|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Анализ состояния ПВО и ВВС Ирана |url=http://dokwar.ru/publ/novosti_i_sobytija/mnenie/analiz_sostojanija_pvo_i_vvs_irana/9-1-0-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127030536/http://dokwar.ru/publ/novosti_i_sobytija/mnenie/analiz_sostojanija_pvo_i_vvs_irana/9-1-0-14 |archive-date=27 November 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="at-20130710">{{Cite web |date=10 July 2013 |title=Iran upgrades S-200 long-range air defence system |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsiran-upgrades-s-200-long-range-air-defence-system/ |access-date=10 July 2023 |website=AirforceTechnology}}</ref>{{sfn|IISS|2023|p=327}} Will be replaced by [[Sayyad-2]]/Sayyad-3 (Talash) system.<ref name="pvo.guns.ru" />{{update inline|date=July 2023|reason=When? The source regarding the replacement is from 2014, what's the current status on that?}}
* {{KAZ}} – 1 battery (3 systems) {{as of|2023|lc=y}}.{{sfn|IISS|2023|pp=179–180}}
* {{PRK}} – 4 battalions (2008).<ref name="Janes" /> 10 systems {{as of|2023|lc=y}}, with the [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] assessing that their "serviceability [...] is in doubt".{{sfn|IISS|2023|p=264}}
* {{SYR}} – 3 regiments in the [[Syrian Air Defense Force]] {{as of|2023|lc=y}}.{{sfn|IISS|2023|pp=356}} 44 launchers in 2014.<ref>{{Cite report |title=The Military Balance 2014 |last=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=346 |issn=0459-7222 |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}</ref> Status unknown following the [[fall of the Assad regime]]{{sfn|IISS|2025|page=371}}
* {{TKM}} – 2 batteries (12 systems) {{as of|2023|lc=y}}.{{sfn|IISS|2023|p=200}}
* {{UKR}} – Ukraine's last S-200 division was retired on October 30, 2013,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2013 |title=Україна остаточно відмовилася від ЗРК С-200 |trans-title=Ukraine finally abandoned the S-200 air defense system |url=http://mil.in.ua/news/ukraina/5159-ukraina-ostatochno-vidmovylasia-vid-zrk-s-200 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716105834/http://mil.in.ua/news/ukraina/5159-ukraina-ostatochno-vidmovylasia-vid-zrk-s-200 |archive-date=16 July 2014 |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=Український мілітарний портал |language=uk}}</ref> but the weapon was brought back into service during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web  |last1 = Kravets |first1=Roman |last2=Petrenko |first2=Roman |date=2024-02-24 |title=10 Russians, including 5 majors, killed in downed A-50 aircraft - Ukrainska Pravda sources |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/02/24/7443493/ |access-date=2024-02-28 |website= Ukrainska Pravda |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=2023-07-10 |title=Is Ukraine Using Old S-200 SAMs In The Land-Attack Role? |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/is-ukrainian-using-old-s-200-sams-in-the-land-attack-role |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=The Drive |language=en}}</ref><ref name="axe"/>

===Former===
* {{BLR}}{{sfn|O'Halloran|Foss|2002|page=293}}
* {{CZS}} – 5 battalions, passed to Czech Republic.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
* {{CZE}} – Inherited all Czechoslovak S-200 SAM systems, out of service since mid-1990s.<ref name="Janes" />
* {{DDR}} – 4 battalions S-200VE,{{sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=18–20, 28–30}} passed to unified Germany in 1990.{{sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=12–13, 27}}
* {{GEO}}{{sfn|O'Halloran|Foss|2002|page=293}}
* {{GER}} – 4 battalions S-200VE from East Germany received during German reunification in 1990,{{sfn|Kraus|2019|pp=12–13, 27}} last site out of service in 1993{{sfn|Kraus|2019|p=27}}
* {{HUN}} – One battery with six launchers{{sfn|O'Halloran|Foss|2002|page=293}}
* {{IND}} − Several sites in 2002{{sfn|O'Halloran|Foss|2002|page=293}}
* {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya}} – 8 battalions with six launchers each{{sfn|O'Halloran|Foss|2002|page=293}}
* {{MDA}}{{sfn|O'Halloran|Foss|2002|page=293}}
* {{POL}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Szopa |first=Maciej |date=2024-05-14 |title=Defence24 Days: Wegi nie mamy już na uzbrojeniu |trans-title=Defence24 Days: We no longer have Vega in our inventory |url=https://defence24.pl/przemysl/defence24-days-wegi-nie-mamy-juz-na-uzbrojeniu |website=Defence24 |language=pl}}</ref> − 1 division (12 launchers) and 20 missiles donated to Ukraine in 2023<ref name="SIPRI" />
* {{RUS}} – Less than 100 launchers remained in 2002{{sfn|O'Halloran|Foss|2002|page=293}}
* {{USSR}} – Originally deployed with the ZA-PVO in the strategic air defense role. It was phased out starting in the 1980s and passed on to the successor states before the phasing out process could be completed.<ref name="Janes" />
* {{UZB}}<ref name="Janes" /> – No longer in service as of 2023.{{sfn|IISS|2023|pp=205–206}}

==See also==
* [[S-75 Dvina]]
* [[Bloodhound (missile)]]
* [[MIM-14 Nike Hercules]]
* [[Sayyad-2]]
* [[Sayyad-2|Sayyad-3]]
* [[List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-air missiles]]
* [[List of surface-to-air missiles]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite report |title=The Military Balance 2010 |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=2010 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |issn=0459-7222 |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2010}} |editor-last=Hackett |editor-first=James}}
* {{Cite report |title=The Military Balance 2023 |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=2023 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9781032508955 |issn=0459-7222 |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2023}} |editor-last=Hackett |editor-first=James}}
*{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Six: Middle East and North Africa |journal=The Military Balance |date=11 February 2025 |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=312–379 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2025.2445478 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/04597222.2025.2445478 |access-date=21 March 2025 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |issn=0459-7222 |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2025}} |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite book |last=Kraus |first=Peter |title=Luftverteidigung der DDR: Fla-Ra-Komplex S-200 »Wega« |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |year=2019 |isbn=9783613042124 |language=de |oclc=1112139017}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=O'Halloran |editor1-first=James C |editor2-last=Foss |editor2-first=Christopher F |editor2-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Land-Based Air Defense 2002-2003 |date=2002 |publisher=Janes Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2437-6 |edition=15th}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons|S-200}}
* [http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-200.htm Federation of American Scientists page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030905055007/http://astronautix.com/lvs/s200.htm Astronautix.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213210150/http://walkarounds.airforce.ru/artillery/rus/s-200/s-200.htm S-200 walkaround photos on airforce.ru]
{{Russian SAM systems}}{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:S-200}}
[[Category:Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Almaz-Antey products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]