View source for SR Class 6Pul

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2016}}
{{inline|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox train
| background       = #006600
| name             = Southern Railway<br>6 PUL, 6 CITY, and 6 PAN
| image            = 
| imagealt         = 
| caption          = 
| interiorimage    = 
| interiorcaption  =

| service          = 1932–1969
| manufacturer     = ''Power cars:'' [[Metropolitan Cammell]] and [[Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company|BRCW]]<br>''Standard trailer cars:'' SR [[Eastleigh Works]],<br>''Pullman trailer cars:'' Metropolitan-Cammell 
| factory          = 
| family           = 
| replaced         = 
 
| yearconstruction = 
| yearservice      = 
| refurbishment    = 
| yearscrapped     = 
| numberconstruction= 
| numberbuilt      = 6 PUL: 20<br>6 CITY: 3<br>6 PAN: 17
| numberservice    = 
| numberpreserved  = 2 Pullman trailer cars
| numberscrapped   = All except 2 Pullman trailer cars

| formation        = [[SR Class 6Pul#Formations|See below]]
| fleetnumbers     = [[SR Class 6Pul#Formations|"]]
| capacity         = 
| operator         = [[Southern Railway (Great Britain)|Southern Railway]],<br>[[British Railways]]
| depots           = 
| lines            = London to Brighton and Worthing

| carbody          = ''Power cars:'' All steel,<br>''Trailer cars:'' Steel panelled wooden body on steel underframe
| trainlength      =
| carlength        = 
| width            = 
| height           = 
| floorheight      = 
| platformheight   = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| art-sections     = 
| doors            =

| maxspeed         = 
| weight           = 
| acceleration     = 
| deceleration     = 
| traction         = Eight {{convert|225|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} traction motors
| poweroutput      = {{convert|1800|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| transmission     = 
| aux              = 
| powersupply      = 
| hvac             = 
| electricsystem   = 750 V DC
| collectionmethod = [[Third rail]]
| uicclass         = Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
| bogies           = 
| brakes           = Automatic Air
| safety           = 
| coupling         = Screw-link
| multipleworking  = Standard SR system
| gauge            = {{RailGauge|ussg}}
}}
The [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway (SR)]] gave the designations '''6 PUL''', '''6 CITY''' and '''6 PAN''' to electric multiple units built to work the routes between London and Brighton, West Worthing and Eastbourne. None of these units survived long enough in British Rail ownership to be allocated a [[TOPS]] class number. The 6 PUL units were designated '''6 COR''' until 1935 (the '''COR''' designation was later used for [[British Rail Class 404|4 COR]] units).

==Prototype cars 11001–11002==
Coach numbers 11001 and 11002 were prototype driving motor brake vehicles for the mainline stock that was being developed for the London to Brighton electrification. The first was built by the [[Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company]] (BRCW) and the second by [[Metropolitan Cammell|Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon Company]]. Both were introduced in October 1931, and ran with three trailers converted from former [[London and South Western Railway]] carriages as unit number 2001.

After trials with this unit had been completed the set was disbanded, and the two prototype driving cars were reformed into 6 CITY units 2041 and 2042 respectively. Unit number 2001 was then reused for one of the production 6 PUL units.

==Construction==
The '''6 PUL''' ('''6'''-car '''Pul'''lman stock, numbers 2001–2020) and '''6 CITY''' ('''6'''-car '''City''' stock, numbers 2041–2043) units were built in 1932 to provide high quality accommodation on the newly electrified London to Brighton route. Units of both types each included a Pullman composite kitchen car, which were built by Metropolitan Cammell and numbered 256 to 278 in the Pullman Car Company series.

The 6 CITY units differed from the 6 PUL units only in that the three trailers other than the Pullman car had all first class accommodation. They were dedicated for use on the London Bridge to Brighton route (as opposed to the London Victoria route on which the 6 PUL units were used), and were intended for the trains used by City workers, hence their designation.

The '''6 PAN''' ('''6'''-car '''Pan'''try units, numbers 2021–2037) units were introduced in 1935, upon the extension of the electrified network to Ore. They were similar to the 6 PUL units, except that the Pullman car was replaced by a first class dining car with a pantry. From this time, 12-car trains were often formed from a 6 PAN coupled to either a 6 PUL or 6 CITY.

Until the arrival of the 6 PAN units, the 6 PUL units had been referred to as '''6 COR''' ('''6'''-car '''Cor'''ridor stock) and, as explained below, the designation COR was again used by this stock in later years for various reasons. The numbers of all three types of unit were revised in January 1937 from 20xx to 30xx.

==Formations==
Initial formations of these units were as follows (coaches were not formed in numerical order):
{| class="wikitable"
!Units
!Type
! {{abbr|DMBTO|Driving Motor Brake Third Open}}
!Trailer
!Trailer
!Trailer
!Trailer
! {{abbr|DMBTO|Driving Motor Brake Third Open}}
|-
|2001–2020
<small>(later 3001–3020)</small>
|6 PUL
|11003 to 11045
<small>(odds bar 11015/41)</small>
|{{abbr|TTK|Trailer Corridor Third}} 10001 to 10020
|{{abbr|TCK|Trailer Corridor Composite}} 11751 to 11789 <small>(odds)</small>
|{{abbr|TPCK|Trailer Pullman Kitchen Composite}} Pullman Car <small>(see below)</small>
|{{abbr|TCK|Trailer Corridor Composite}} 11752 to 11790 <small>(evens)</small>
|11004 to 11046
<small>(evens bar 11016/42)</small>
|-
|2021–2037
<small>(later 3021–3037)</small>
|6 PAN
|11047 to 11079 <small>(odds)</small>
|{{abbr|TTK|Trailer Corridor Third}} 10021 to 10053 <small> (odds)</small>
|{{abbr|TFK|Trailer Corridor First}} 12260 to 12276
|{{abbr|TFKP|Trailer Corridor First with Pantry}} 12501 to 12517
|{{abbr|TTK|Trailer Corridor Third}} 10022 to 10054 <small> (evens)</small>
|11048 to 11080 <small> (evens)</small>
|-
|2041–2043
<small>(later 3041–3043)</small>
|6 CITY
|11001, 11002, 11015
|{{abbr|TFK|Trailer Corridor First}} 12251, 12254, 12257
|{{abbr|TFK|Trailer Corridor First}} 12252, 12255, 12258
|{{abbr|TPCK|Trailer Pullman Kitchen Composite}} Pullman Car <small>(See below)</small>
|{{abbr|TFK|Trailer Corridor First}} 12253, 12256, 12259
|11041, 11042, 11016
|}

The Pullman cars used in these sets were numbered and named as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Number
!Name
!Unit
!
!Number
!Name
!Unit
!
!Number
!Name
!Unit
!
!Number
!Name
!Unit
|-
|275
|Anne
|3001
|
|256
|Rita
|3002
|
|257
|Grace
|3003
|
|260
|Elinor
|3004
|-
|263
|Ida
|3005
|
|265
|Rose
|3006
|
|266
|Violet
|3007
|
|277
|Lorna
|3008
|-
|271
|Alice
|3009
|
|274
|Daisy
|3010
|
|276
|Naomi
|3011
|
|278
|Bertha
|3012
|-
|258
|Brenda
|3013
|
|259
|Enid
|3014
|
|261
|Joyce
|3015
|
|262
|Iris
|3016
|-
|264
|Ruth
|3017
|
|267
|May
|3018
|
|268
|Peggy
|3019
|
|269
|Clara
|3020
|-
|272
|Gwladys
|3041
|
|273
|Olive
|3042
|
|270
|Ethel
|3043
|}

==Reformations and conversions==
Between May 1942 and May 1946, the Pullman cars in these units were withdrawn and stored at the Pullman workshops in [[Brighton]]. This was part of the general withdrawal of Pullman and other restaurant and dining cars from railway stock during [[World War II]]. During this period, the 6 PUL and 6 CITY stock were referred to as '''5 COR'''. When the Pullman cars were returned to service, not all were inserted into the same units that they had been in before the war. Those that were reformed were:

{| class="wikitable"
!Number
!Name
!Unit
!
!Number
!Name
!Unit
!
!Number
!Name
!Unit
!
!Number
!Name
!Unit
|-
|275
|Anne
|3012
|
|256
|Rita
|3043
|
|278
|Bertha
|3001
|
|264
|Ruth
|3042
|-
|267
|May
|3041
|
|272
|Gwladys
|3017
|
|273
|Olive
|3002
|
|270
|Ethel
|3018
|}

During 1947 and 1948, the three 6 CITY units were converted to non-standard 6 PUL units by reclassifying their three Trailer First vehicles into a Trailer Third (numbered 10113–10115) and two Trailer Composites (11862–11867).

After the 6 PUL and 6-PAN units were disbanded, many of the carriages continued to run in service together with former [[British Rail Class 404|4-RES and 4-COR]] stock. These reformed units were classified either '''4 PUL''', '''4 COR''', '''4 COR(N)''', '''6 COR''' or '''6 TC'''.

{| class="wikitable"
!Units
!Type
!Period used
!Formed from
!Trailers
|-
|601
|6 TC
|1965–1967
|COR/PAN/PUL cars
|TTK/TCK/TTK/TTK
|-
|3041–3050
|6 COR
|1965–1966
|PAN/PUL cars
|TTK/TTK/TFK/TTK
|-
|3054–3059
|4 PUL
|1964–1968
|6 PUL Pullman kitchen in RES unit
|TFK/TPCK
|-
|3065–3071
|4 COR(N)
|1964–1969
|6 PUL Trailer Third in RES unit
|TFK/TTK
|-
|3159–3168
|4 COR
|1965–1969
|PAN/PUL/RES cars
|TFK/TTK
|}

===6 TC===
The 6 TC unit was formed in 1965 to trial push-pull equipment that would allow a diesel locomotive to be operated remotely from the driving cab in the multiple unit. It was 
composed of former [[British Rail Class 404|4Cor]] driving motor cars, which had their motors removed and the end gangways removed, and 6 PAN/6 PUL trailer cars. At the same time a [[British Rail Class 33|Class 33]] locomotive was modified to work with the unit.

From early 1966, the experimental train was used on the Oxted line, and was later transferred to the Clapham Junction to Kensington Olympia service. The trials were successful, and led to the production of the [[British Rail Class 438|'''3 TC''' and '''4 TC''']] units for working the Bournemouth line with [[British Rail Class 33|Class 33/1]] locomotives. However, the 6 TC unit had a short life, and was withdrawn after incurring accident damage.

==Accidents and incidents==
*On 23 January 1948, a passenger train formed by a 6 PUL and a 6 PAN unit overran signals at {{rws|London Bridge}} and collided with an empty stock train formed by two 6 PAN units. Three people were killed and 34 were injured.<ref name=Moody>{{cite book |title=Southern Electric 1909-1979 |first=G. T. |last=Moody |orig-year=1957 |year=1979 |edition=Fifth |publisher=Ian Allan Ltd |location=Shepperton |page=114 |isbn=0-7110-0924-4}}</ref>
*{{main|Eastbourne rail crash}} On 25 August 1958, 6 PUL unit No. 3014 and 6 PAN unit 3032 formed a passenger train that was involved in a head-on collision with a sleeper car train at {{rws|Eastbourne}}, [[East Sussex]] after the latter overran a signal. Five people were killed and 40 were injured. Most of the cars in the electric train were damaged to some extent; cars 11027 and 10004, which were at the front of unit 3014, were written off. Unit 3032 was subsequently disbanded, with two cars, nos. 11074 and 10044, being used to return unit 3014 to service. Of the remaining four cars of unit 3032, car 10043 was scrapped later in 1958; car 11075 replaced 11074 in unit 3014 in January 1959; and cars 12271 and 12512 were scrapped at Newhaven in 1961.<ref>{{cite book |last=Butlin |first=Ashley |editor-last=Butlin |editor-first=Jenny |title=DMU & EMU Disposal |year=1988 |publisher=Coorlea Publishing |location=Norwich |isbn=0-948069-08-2 |page=48 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=David |title=Southern Electric - A New History: Volume Two - Main line electrification, the war years and British Railways |year=2010 |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=978-1-85414-340-2 |page=142 }}</ref>

==Preservation==
Former 6 PUL Pullman cars 264 ''Ruth'' and 278 ''Bertha'' have been preserved, and are now used as ordinary locomotive-hauled Pullman cars. Number 264 is part of the [[Venice Simplon Orient Express]] fleet, working charter trains on the main line, while 278 is at Carnforth under private ownership.

The underframes of several PUL and PAN unit carriages were reused by the engineering department as long-welded rail carriers and crane runners.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Unit No.
! Type
! Coach Type
! Number
! Location
! Notes
! Photograph
|-
| -
| 6 PAN
| Trailer Second Corridor 
| 10027
| [[Chasewater Railway]]
| Underframe only
|
|-
| -
| 6 PAN
| Trailer Composite Corridor 
| 12232
| [[Midland Railway Centre]]
| Underframe only
|
|-
| -
| 6 PAN
| Trailer First Corridor 
| 12275
| [[Spa Valley Railway]]
| Underframe only
|
|-
| -
| 6 PAN
| Trailer First Corridor 
| 12270
| [[Keighley & Worth Valley Railway]]
| Underframe only
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
*{{Marsden-SouthernEMU1|pages=28–32, 38–40}}

== External links ==

* [https://sremg.org.uk/gallery/6pul_1.html Southern Railway E-mail Group - 6 Cit/6 Cor/6 Pan/6 Pul.]
* [https://extra.southernelectric.org.uk/features/historical-features/fleet_pul.html Southern Electric Group - 6-car express units (6 Pul. and 6 Cit).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929000545/http://extra.southernelectric.org.uk/features/historical-features/fleet_pul.html |date=29 September 2020 }}
* [https://extra.southernelectric.org.uk/features/historical-features/fleet_pan.html Southern Electric Group - 6-car express units (6 Pan).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929000339/http://extra.southernelectric.org.uk/features/historical-features/fleet_pan.html |date=29 September 2020 }}
{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:Southern Railway (UK) electric multiple units|6PUL]]
[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|SR 6Pul]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1932]]
[[Category:Metropolitan Cammell multiple units]]
[[Category:750 V DC multiple units]]
[[Category:BRCW multiple units]]