View source for STMicroelectronics

{{short description|Semiconductor device manufacturer}}
{{distinguish|ST Engineering}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = STMicroelectronics NV
| logo             = ST_logo_2020_blue_V.svg
| logo_size        = 120px
| image            = STMicroelectronics-building.JPG
| image_size       = 250px
| image_caption    = Headquarters in Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| type             = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as        = {{bulletedlist
                       |{{EuronextParis|STMPA|NL0000226223|XPAR}}
                       |{{Nyse|STM}}
                       |{{Borsa Italiana|NL0000226223|STMMI}}
                       |[[CAC 40]] component
                       |[[FTSE MIB]] component
                     }}
| ISIN             = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|NL0000226223}}
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1987}}
| founder          = {{ubl
                       |[[Elihu Thomson]]
                       |[[Camillo Olivetti]]
                     }}
| location         = [[Plan-les-Ouates]], [[Geneva (canton)|Geneva]], Switzerland
| key_people       = {{ubl
                       |Jean-Marc Chery {{nowrap |(president and [[chief executive officer|CEO]])}}
                       |[[Nicolas Dufourcq]] ([[Chair (official)|chairman]]) 
                     }}
| industry         = [[Semiconductor]]s
| products         = [[ASIC]]s, [[computer memory|memory]] (including [[EEPROM]]), [[microcontrollers]], [[microprocessors]], [[transistors]], [[smartcards]], [[MEMS]]
| predecessors     = {{ubl
                       |[[SGS Microelettronica]]
                       |[[Thomson SA|Thomson Semiconductors]]
                     }}
| homepage         = {{official URL}}

<!-- financials -->
| revenue          = {{decrease}} {{US$|13.27&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{decrease}} US$1.676&nbsp;billion (2024)
| net_income       = {{decrease}} US$1.565&nbsp;billion (2024)
| assets           = {{increase}} US$24.74&nbsp;billion (2024)
| equity           = {{increase}} US$17.68&nbsp;billion (2024)
| num_employees    = 49,602 (2024)

<!-- footnotes and references -->
| footnotes        = {{ubl
                       |Financials {{as of|2024|12|31|lc=y|df=ISO}} <ref name="AR24">{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/932787/000093278725000006/stm-20241231.htm|title=2024 Annual Report (Form 20-F)|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|date=27 February 2025|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref>
                       |<ref>{{Cite web | title=St Microelectronics - A European Semiconductor Conglomerate | url=https://www.yourtechstory.com/2019/11/25/st-microelectronic-european-semiconductor-conglomerate/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208115206/http://www.yourtechstory.com:80/2019/11/25/st-microelectronic-european-semiconductor-conglomerate/ | access-date=2025-08-22 | archive-date=2019-12-08}}</ref>
                     }}
}}

[[File:MicroSTM32.jpg|thumb|[[STM32]] microcontroller made by STMicroelectronics]]

'''STMicroelectronics [[Naamloze vennootschap|NV]]''' (commonly referred to as '''ST''' or '''STMicro''') is a European [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[semiconductor]] contract manufacturing and design company. It is the largest of such companies in [[Europe]]. It was founded in 1987 from the merger of two state-owned semiconductor corporations, Thomson Semiconducteurs of [[France]] and SGS Microelettronica of [[Italy]]. The company is incorporated in [[the Netherlands]] and headquartered in [[Plan-les-Ouates]], [[Switzerland]]. Its shares are traded on [[Euronext Paris]], the [[Borsa Italiana]] and the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stock data - STMicroelectronics |url=https://investors.st.com/stock-and-bond-information/stock-data |publisher=STMicroelectronics}}</ref> It manufactures a wide range of microelectronics, including the widely-used [[STM8]] and [[STM32]] [[Microcontroller|microcontrollers]].

== History ==
ST was formed in 1987 by the merger of two government-owned semiconductor companies: Italian [[SGS Microelettronica]] (where SGS stands for ''Società Generale Semiconduttori'', "General Semiconductor Company"), and French ''Thomson Semiconducteurs'', the semiconductor arm of [[Thomson SA|Thomson]].

SGS Microelettronica originated in 1972 from a previous merger of two companies:
* ATES (Aquila Tubi e Semiconduttori), a vacuum tube and semiconductor maker headquartered in [[L'Aquila]], the regional capital of the region of [[Abruzzo]] in [[Southern Italy]], which in 1961 changed its name to Azienda Tecnica ed Elettronica del Sud and relocated its manufacturing plant in the Industrial Zone of [[Catania]], in [[Sicily]];
* [[Società Generale Semiconduttori]] (founded in 1957 by Italian engineer, politician, and [[industrialist]] [[Adriano Olivetti]]).

Thomson Semiconducteurs was created in 1982 by the French government's widespread nationalization of industries following the [[1981 French presidential election|election of François Mitterrand to the presidency]]. It included:
* the semiconductor activities of the French electronics company [[Thomson SA|Thomson]];
* in 1985 it bought [[Mostek]], a US company founded in 1969 as a spin-off of [[Texas Instruments]], from [[United Technologies]];
* Silec, founded in 1977;
* Eurotechnique, founded in 1979 in [[Rousset, Bouches-du-Rhône]] as a [[joint-venture]] between [[Saint-Gobain]] of France and US-based [[National Semiconductor]];
* EFCIS (Étude et la Fabrication de Circuits Intégrés Spéciaux), founded in 1972 at [[CEA-Leti: Laboratoire d'électronique des technologies de l'information|CEA-Leti]];
* SESCOSEM, founded in 1969.

At the time of the merger of these two companies in 1987, the new corporation was named SGS-THOMSON and was led by chief executive officer Pasquale Pistorio.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news |title=STMicro Names CEO to Succeed Retiring Pistorio |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107934421459755360 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=16 March 2004 |access-date=7 December 2023 |last1=Faucon |first1=Benoit |last2=Newswires |first2=Gren Manueldow Jones }}</ref> The company took its current name of STMicroelectronics in May 1998 following Thomson's sale of its shares. After its creation ST was ranked 14th among the top 20 semiconductor suppliers with sales of around US$850 million.

STMicroelectronics participated in the consolidation of the semiconductor industry from the start; it bought the following companies between 1989 and 2007, for instance:
 
* in 1989: British company [[Inmos]], known for its [[transputer]] [[microprocessor]]s, from parent [[Thorn EMI]];
* in 1994: Canada-based [[Nortel]]'s semiconductor activities;
* in 1999: UK-based VLSI-Vision CMOS Image Sensor research & development company, a spin-out of Edinburgh University.  Incorporated on 1 January 2000, the company became STMicroelectronics' Imaging Division, currently part of the Analog MEMS and Sensors business group;
* in 2000: WaferScale Integration Inc. (WSI, [[Fremont, California]]), a vendor of EPROM and flash-memory-based programmable system chips;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eetimes.com/stmicroelectronics-buys-waferscale-integration//|title=STMicroelectronics buys WaferScale Integration|first=Peter|last=Clarke|date=2000-07-28|website=[[EE Times]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-12-09}}</ref>
* in 2002: [[Alcatel]]'s Microelectronics division, which along with the incorporation of smaller ventures such as UK company Synad Ltd helped the company expand into the Wireless-LAN market;
* in 2007: US company [[Genesis Microchip]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investors.st.com/news-releases/news-release-details/stmicroelectronics-acquire-genesis-microchip |title=STMicroelectronics To Acquire Genesis Microchip |access-date=2018-06-27 |archive-date=2018-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144523/http://investors.st.com/news-releases/news-release-details/stmicroelectronics-acquire-genesis-microchip |url-status=live }}</ref> Genesis Microchip is known for their strength in video processing technology ([[Faroudja]]) and has design centres located in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], [[Toronto]], [[Taipei|Taipei City]] and [[Bangalore]].

[[File:256kbit 16kbit EPROM SRAM Wafer Scale Integration PSD311 (3).jpg|thumb|4 Field-Programmable Microcontroller Peripheral from Wafer Scale Integration ''PSD311'']] 
On 8 December 1994, the company completed its initial public offering on the [[Paris Stock Exchange|Paris]] and [[New York Stock Exchange|New York]] stock exchanges. Owner [[Thomson SA]] sold its stake in the company in 1998 when the company also listed on the [[Italian Bourse]] in [[Milan]]. In 2002, [[Motorola]] and [[TSMC]] joined ST and [[Philips]] in a new technology partnership. The Crolles 2 Alliance was created with a new 12" [[Wafer (electronics)|wafer]] manufacturing facility located in [[Crolles]], France.

In 2005, chief executive officer Pasquale Pistorio was succeeded by Carlo Bozotti, who then headed the memory products division and had been with the company’s predecessor since 1977.<ref name="WSJ" /> By 2005, ST was ranked fifth, behind [[Intel]], [[Samsung]], Texas Instruments and [[Toshiba]], but ahead of [[Infineon]], [[Renesas]], [[NEC]], [[NXP Semiconductors]] and [[Freescale]]. The company was the largest European semiconductors supplier, ahead of Infineon and NXP.

Early in 2007, [[NXP Semiconductors]] (formerly Philips Semiconductors) and [[Freescale]] (formerly Motorola Semiconductors) decided to stop their participation in Crolles 2 Alliance. Under the terms of the agreement the Alliance came to an end on December 31, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800469769_480200_NT_19a4c517.HTM/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=July 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101095429/http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800469769_480200_NT_19a4c517.HTM/ |archive-date=January 1, 2014 }}</ref> On May 22, 2007, ST and Intel created a joint venture in the memory application called [[Numonyx]]: this new company merged ST and Intel Flash Memory activities. Semiconductor market consolidation continued with ST and NXP announcing on April 10, 2008, the creation of a new joint venture of their mobile activities, with ST owning 80% of the new company and NXP 20%. This joint venture began on August 20, 2008. On February 10, 2009, [[ST Ericsson]], a joint venture bringing together ST-NXP Wireless and Ericsson Mobile Platforms, was established.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insidegnss.com/csr-sirf-merger-pairs-struggling-bluetooth-and-gps-powerhouses-and-shows-handset-platform-dominance/|title=CSR-SiRF Merger Pairs Struggling Bluetooth and GPS Powerhouses - and Shows Handset Platform Dominance|last=glen|date=2009-02-17|website=Inside GNSS|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-27|archive-date=2019-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527095510/https://insidegnss.com/csr-sirf-merger-pairs-struggling-bluetooth-and-gps-powerhouses-and-shows-handset-platform-dominance/|url-status=live}}</ref>

ST Ericsson was a multinational manufacturer of [[wireless]] products and [[semiconductor]]s, supplying to mobile device manufacturers.<ref name="about-us">{{cite web |url = http://www.stericsson.com/about/General_Information.jsp |title = About us – General Information – ST-Ericsson |work = stericsson.com |access-date = 24 February 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101223123424/http://stericsson.com/about/General_Information.jsp |archive-date = 23 December 2010 }}</ref> ST-Ericsson was a 50/50 joint venture of STMicroelectronics and [[Ericsson]] established on February 3, 2009, and dissolved on August 2, 2013. Headquartered in [[Geneva]], Switzerland, it was a [[fabless semiconductor company|fabless company]], outsourcing [[semiconductor manufacturing]] to foundry companies.
[[File:ST90E40ZL1 (2).png|thumb|ST90E40ZL1 - HCMOS MCU with 16Kbytes EPROM, 512 bytes EEPROM, 256 bytes RAM and A/D Converter in a 68-leaded windowed ceramic quad flat pack package]]

In 2011, ST announced the creation of a joint lab with [[Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies]]. The lab focuses on research and innovation in [[biorobotics]], smart systems and microelectronics.<ref name="potato">{{cite web |url=http://www.edn.com/article/518924-ST_Micro_opens_lab_for_humanoid_robot_research.php |title=ST Micro opens lab for humanoid robot research &#124; EDN |access-date=2011-07-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121225526/http://www.edn.com/article/518924-ST_Micro_opens_lab_for_humanoid_robot_research.php |archive-date=2013-01-21 }}</ref> Past collaborations with Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies included DustBot, a platform that integrated self-navigating "service robots" for waste collection.<ref name="potato" />

In 2015, the [[MEMS]] division of ST was ranked as the biggest European competitor of Silex Microsystems.<ref name="ft1">{{cite news |last1=Feng |first1=Emily |title=How China acquired mastery of vital microchip technology |url=https://www.ft.com/content/7cfb2f82-1ecc-11e9-b126-46fc3ad87c65 |publisher=Financial Times |date=29 January 2019}}</ref>

In 2018, chief executive Carlo Bozotti was succeeded by Jean-Marc Chery.<ref>{{cite web |title=ST Micro: CEO Bozotti Passes the Keys to the Ferrari |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/st-micro-ceo-bozotti-passes-the-keys-to-the-ferrari-1520354388 |publisher=Barron's |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref> In 2023, STMicroelectronics partnered with [[Synopsys]] to design a working chip on Microsoft Corp’s cloud, marking the first time AI software had been utilized for chip design.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Stephen Nellis |title=STMicro leans on AI, cloud as chip designs become more complex |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/stmicro-leans-ai-cloud-chip-designs-become-more-complex-2023-02-07/ |publisher=reuters |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>

In 2024, ST became the sixth [[shareholder]] of [[Quintauris]], a [[joint venture|joint company]] with the goal of standardizing [[RISC-V]] ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mancini |first=Giovanna |date=2024-11-08 |title=Quintauris, la start up europea che abbatte i costi dei microchip |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/quintauris-start-up-europea-che-abbatte-costi-microchip-AGdTgex?refresh_ce=1 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=Il Sole 24 ORE |language=it}}</ref>

In 2025, Italy is set to appoint Marcello Sala, head of the economy ministry's department overseeing state-run firms and asset disposals, to the supervisory board of chipmaker STMicroelectronics. The proposed nomination will be approved by STMicroelectronics' supervisory board and shareholders at a general meeting in May. The Italian government seeks more oversight over STMicroelectronics, particularly as the company plans a $300 million cost-cutting program that could lead to more than 2,000 job cuts in Italy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 28, 2025 |title=Italian top government official seen joining STMicroelectronics supervisory board |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/italian-top-government-official-seen-joining-stmicroelectronics-supervisory-2025-03-27/}}</ref> According to the company, 1,000 of the 2,800 positions to be eliminated around the world will be in France.<ref>{{cite news |work=Ici Touraine |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/economie-social/le-fabricant-de-semi-conducteurs-st-microelectronics-va-supprimer-environ-1-000-postes-en-france-7410268 |title=Info "ici Touraine" - Le fabricant de semi-conducteurs ST Microelectronics va supprimer environ 1.000 postes en France |publisher=France Bleu |lang=fr |date=30 April 2025}}</ref>

== Shareholders ==
As of December 31, 2014, the shareholders were:<ref name=STM2014AR>{{cite web|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9NTc0NjQ0fENoaWxkSUQ9Mjc3ODU1fFR5cGU9MQ==&t=1|title=2014 Annual Report|date=26 March 2015|access-date=20 February 2016|publisher=STMicroelectronics|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410070657/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9NTc0NjQ0fENoaWxkSUQ9Mjc3ODU1fFR5cGU9MQ==&t=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 68.4% public ([[New York Stock Exchange]], [[Euronext Paris]], [[Borsa Italiana|Borsa Italiana Milano]]);
* 4.1% [[Treasury stock|treasury shares]];
* 27.6% STMicroelectronics Holding B.V.:
** 50% FT1CI ([[Bpifrance]] 79.2% and [[French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission]] (CEA) 20.8%; previously {{fact span|text=[[Areva]] and CEA|date=February 2016}});
** 50% [[Ministry of Economy and Finances (Italy)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]] of Italy {{fact span|text=([[Leonardo (company)|Finmeccanica]] until 2004, [[Cassa Depositi e Prestiti]] until 2010, both between 2004-2009)|date=February 2016}}.

==Manufacturing facilities==
Unlike [[fabless semiconductor company|fabless semiconductor companies]], STMicroelectronics owns and operates its own semiconductor [[Wafer (electronics)|wafer]] [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]]s. The company owned five 8-inch (200&nbsp;mm) wafer fabs and 1 12-inch (300&nbsp;mm) wafer fab in 2006.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} Most of the production is scaled at 0.18&nbsp;μm, 0.13&nbsp;μm, 90&nbsp;nm and 65&nbsp;nm (measurements of transistor gate length). STMicroelectronics also owns back-end plants, where silicon dies are assembled and bonded into plastic or ceramic packages.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/about/st_company_information/who-we-are.html
| title = Company Information - STMicroelectronics
| access-date = 2011-05-04
| publisher = STMicroelectronics
| quote = ST operates a worldwide network of front-end (wafer fabrication) and back-end (assembly and test and packaging) plants
| archive-date = 2013-02-03
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130203012056/http://www.st.com/internet/com/about_st/st_company_information.jsp
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

Major sites include: {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

===Grenoble, France===
[[Grenoble]] is one of the company's most important R&D centres, employing around 4,000 staff. The Polygone site employs 2,200 staff and is one of the historical bases of the company (ex SGS). All the historical wafer [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] lines are now closed but the site hosts the headquarters of many divisions (marketing, design, industrialization) and a R&D centre, focused on silicon and software design and fab process development.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date=2013-07-24 |title=STMicroelectronics celebrates "Nano2017" R&D program at Crolles facility |publisher=powersystemsdesign.com |url=https://www.powersystemsdesign.com/articles/d-program-at-crolles-facility/36/702}}</ref>

The [[Crolles]] site hosts a {{convert|200|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} and a {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}} fab and was originally built as a common R&D centre for submicrometre technologies as part of the 1990 ''Grenoble 92'' partnership between SGS-Thomson and [[Centre national d'études des télécommunications|CNET]], the R&D center of French telecom company '''France Telecom'''.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date= |title=The Controversy over Offshoring: Power, Resistance and Translations in the French Semiconductor Industry |publisher=strategie-aims.com |url=https://www.strategie-aims.com/conferences/23-xxiieme-conference-de-l-aims/communications/2894-the-controversy-over-offshoring-power-resistance-and-translations-in-the-french-semiconductor-industry/download}}</ref>

The {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}} fab was inaugurated by French president [[Jacques Chirac]], on 27 February 2003. It includes an R&D centre which focuses on developing new nanometric technology processes for 90-nm to 32-nm scale using {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}} wafers and it was developed for ''The Crolles 2 Alliance''. This alliance of STMicroelectronics, [[TSMC]], [[NXP Semiconductors]] (formerly [[Philips]] semiconductor) and [[Freescale]] (formerly [[Motorola]] semiconductor) partnered in 2002 to develop the facility and to work together on process development.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date= |title=Crolles2 Alliance Facility Expansion, Crolles |publisher=semiconductor-technology.com |url=https://www.semiconductor-technology.com/projects/crolles/}}</ref> The technologies developed at the facility were also used by global semiconductor [[foundry]] [[TSMC]] of Taiwan, allowing TSMC to build the products developed in Crolles on behalf of the Alliance partners who required such foundry capacity.

===Rousset, France===
Employing around 3,000 staff, [[Rousset, Bouches-du-Rhône|Rousset]] hosts several division headquarters including [[smartcard]]s, [[microcontrollers]], and [[EEPROM]] as well as several R&D centers. Rousset also hosts an 8-inch (200-mm) fab, which was opened on May 15, 2000 by French prime minister [[Lionel Jospin]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date= 2023-11-03 |date=2023-04-18 |title=ST's Manufacturing Strategy – the Key to Business Success |publisher=eletimes.com |url=https://www.eletimes.com/sts-manufacturing-strategy-the-key-to-business-success}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-03 |date= |title=STMicroelectronics Inaugurates New 8 in.-200mm- Wafer Fab in Rousset |publisher=wirelessdesignonline.com |url=https://www.wirelessdesignonline.com/doc/stmicroelectronics-inaugurates-new-8-in-200mm-0001 }}</ref>

The site opened in 1979 as a {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] operated by Eurotechnique, a joint venture between [[Saint-Gobain]] of France and [[National Semiconductor]] of the US. Rousset was sold to Thomson-CSF in 1982 as part of the French government's 1981–82 nationalization of several industries. As part of the nationalisation, a former Thomson plant in the center of [[Aix-en-Provence]] operating since the 1960s was closed and staff were transferred to the new Rousset site. The original {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] was upgraded into {{convert|130|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} and later {{convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab in 1996. It is now being shut down. The site also has a "Wafer Level Chip Scale Packaging" accreditation for eSIM ICs.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2018-06-27 |title=ST Offers eSIMs at Wafer Level |publisher=eetimes.com |url=https://www.eetimes.com/st-offers-esims-at-wafer-level/}}</ref>

In 1988, a small group of employees from the Thomson Rousset plant (including the director, Marc Lassus) founded a start-up company, [[Gemalto]] (formerly known as [[Gemplus]]), which became a leader in the smartcard industry.

===Tours, France===
Employing 1,500 staff, this site hosts a [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] and R&D centres.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2018-08-24 |title=STMicroelectronics and Leti Develop GaN-on-Silicon Technology for Power Conversion Applications |publisher=leti-cea.com |url=https://www.leti-cea.com/cea-tech/leti/english/Pages/What's-On/Press%20release/STMicroelectronics-and-Leti-Develop-GaN-on-Silicon-Technology-for-Power-Conversion-Applications.aspx}}</ref>

===Milan, Italy===
Employing 6,000 staff, the Milan facilities match Grenoble in importance. [[Agrate Brianza]] employs around 4,000 staff and is a historical base of the company (ex SGS). The site has several [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] lines (including a {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab) and an R&D center.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2021-12-15 |title=STMicro and Politecnico di Milano expand R&D capabilities |publisher=evertiq.com |url=https://evertiq.com/design/51113}}</ref> [[Settimo Milanese|Castelletto]], employs 300 to 400 staff and hosts some divisions and R&D centres.

=== Catania, Italy ===
The [[Catania]] plant in [[Sicily]] employs 5,000 staff and hosts several [[Research and development|R&D centers]] and divisions, focusing on [[flash memory]] technologies as well as two [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|fabs]]. The plant was launched in 1961 by ATES to supply under licensing to [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] of the US and initially using [[germanium]]. The site's two major wafer fabs are a {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab, opened in April 1997 by then-Italian Prime Minister [[Romano Prodi]], and a {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab that has never been completed and which was transferred in its current state to "Numonyx" in 2008. A new manufacturing facility for silicon carbide ([[Silicon carbide|SiC]]) substrates of 150&nbsp;mm should open here in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emilio |first=Maurizio Di Paolo |date=2022-10-05 |title=SiC Substrate Manufacturing Facility |url=https://www.powerelectronicsnews.com/silicon-carbide-substrate-manufacturing-facility-in-italy/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Power Electronics News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005140015/https://www.powerelectronicsnews.com/silicon-carbide-substrate-manufacturing-facility-in-italy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2022, the EU supported STMicroelectronics for the construction of a silicon carbide wafer plant in Catania with €293 million through the Recovery and Resilience Facility to be completed in 2026, and in line with the [[European Chips Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=EU Press corner |date=2022-10-05 |title=State aid: Commission approves €292.5 million Italian measure under Recovery and Resilience Facility to support STMicroelectronics in construction of a plant in the semiconductor value chain |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=European Commission - European Commission |language=en |archive-date=2020-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825095835/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Caserta, Italy===
STmicro eSIM and SIM production facility for embedded form factor eSIM.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-07 |date=2018-07-16 |title=What Is an eSIM? The Pros, Cons, and Seeming Inevitability of Embedded SIM ICs |publisher= |url=https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/what-is-an-esim-embedded-sim-IC-STMicroelectronics-GSMA-accreditation/}}</ref>

===Kirkop, Malta===
As of 2010, ST employed around 1,800 people in [[Kirkop]], making it the largest [[private sector]] [[Employer#Employer-worker relationship|employer]], and the country's leading [[exporter]].<ref>{{cite web |date=29 June 2010 |url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20100629/local/st-to-invest-further-in-malta-plant |title=ST Microelectronics announces investment in Malta |website=timesofmalta.com |access-date=2013-07-10 |archive-date=2010-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702223848/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20100629/local/st-to-invest-further-in-malta-plant |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Singapore===
In 1970, SGS created its first assembly [[Back end of line|back-end]] plant in Singapore, in the area of [[Toa Payoh]]. Then in 1981, SGS decided to build a wafer
[[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] in Singapore. Converted up to {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} fab, this is now an important {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} wafer fab of the group. Ang Mo Kio also hosts some design centres.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2020-10-30 |title=STMicroelectronics establishes world's first Lab-in-Fab in Singapore |publisher=semimedia.cc |url=https://www.semimedia.cc/8550.html}}</ref> As of 2004, the site employed 6,000 staff.<ref>{{cite web|access-date= 2023-11-14 |date=2004-12-02 |title=STMicro to continue investing in Singapore technology park |publisher=siliconsemiconductor.net |url=https://siliconsemiconductor.net/article/67189/STMicro_to_continue_investing_in_Singapore_technology_park}}</ref>

===Tunis, Tunisia===
Application, design and support. about 110 employees.

===Bouskoura, Morocco===
Founded in 1979 as a radiofrequency products facility, the Bouskoura site now hosts back-end manufacturing activity, which includes chip testing and packaging.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2021-07-30 |title=STMicroelectronics‌ ‌Bouskoura‌ ‌Launches‌ ‌Expansion,‌ ‌Eying‌ ‌Top‌ ‌Spot‌ ‌in‌ ‌Industry‌ ‌4.0‌ |publisher=moroccoworldnews.com |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/07/343677/stmicroelectronics-bouskoura-launches-expansion-eying-top-spot-in-industry-4-0}}</ref> Since 2022 it also features a production line for silicon carbide products that primarily will be used in electric vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2022-06-08 |title=STMicroelectronics Opens New Plant for Electric Car Parts in Morocco |publisher=moroccoworldnews.com |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/06/349561/stmicroelectronics-opens-new-plant-for-electric-car-parts-in-morocco}}</ref>

===Norrköping, Sweden===
The Norrköping plant is a wafer fab that, at the start of production in 2021, was the first to produce 200mm (8&nbsp;in) Silicone Carbide wafers. The wafers are mostly used for SiC power devices.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-14 |date=2021-08-12 |title=STMicroelectronics Begins Producing 200mm Silicon Carbide Wafers |publisher=eepower.com |url=https://eepower.com/new-industry-products/stmicroelectronics-begins-producing-200mm-silicon-carbide-wafers/}}</ref>

==Other sites==

===Administrative headquarters===
* [[Geneva]], Switzerland: Corporate headquarter which hosts most of the ST top management. It totals some hundred of employees.
* [[Paris]]: Marketing and support.

===Regional headquarters===
* [[Coppell, Texas]]: US headquarters.
* [[Singapore]]: Headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region.
* [[Tokyo]]: Headquarters for Japan and Korea operations.
* [[Shanghai]]: Headquarters for [[China]] operations.<ref>ChinaTechNews. "[https://www.chinatechnews.com/2008/04/11/6605-stmicroelectronics-launches-new-china-headquarters-in-shanghai STMicroelectronics Launches New China Headquarters In Shanghai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220101951/https://www.chinatechnews.com/2008/04/11/6605-stmicroelectronics-launches-new-china-headquarters-in-shanghai |date=2016-12-20 }}." Apr 11, 2008. Retrieved Dec 7, 2016.</ref>

===Assembly plants===
* [[Malta]]: In 1981, SGS-Thomson (now STMicroelectronics) built its first assembly plant in Malta. STMicroelectronics is, as of 2008, the largest private employer on the island, employing around 1,800 people.
* [[Muar Town|Muar]], [[Malaysia]]: around 4000 employees. This site was built in 1974 by Thomson and is now an assembly plant.
* [[Shenzhen]], Guangdong province, China: In 1994, ST and the Shenzhen Electronics Group signed a partnership to construct and jointly operate an assembly plant (ST has majority with 60%). The plant is located in [[Futian Free Trade Zone]] and became operational in 1996. It has around 3,300 employees. A new assembly plant is built in Longgang since 2008, and closed up till 2014. The R&D, design, sales and marketing office is located in the Hi-tech industrial park in [[Nanshan, Shenzhen]].
* [[Calamba, Laguna|Calamba]] in the province of [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], Philippines: In 2008, ST acquired this plant from [[NXP Semiconductors]]. Initially as part of joint venture with NXP but later acquired the whole share turning it into a full-fledged STMicroelectronics Assembly and Testing plant. Currently it employs 2,000 employees.

===Design centres===
* [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]: Hardware and software design center, started in 2020, with 50 employees.
* [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]]: A design center that employs 160 people.
* [[Naples]], Italy: A design center employing 300 people.
* [[Lecce]], Italy: HW & SW Design Center which hosts 20 researchers in the Advanced System Technology group.
* [[Ang Mo Kio]], [[Singapore]]: In 1970, SGS created its first assembly back-end plant in Singapore, in the area of Toa Payoh.  Then in 1981, SGS decided to build a wafer fab in Singapore.  The Singapore technical engineers have been trained in Italy and the fab of Ang Mo Kio started to produce its first wafers in 1984.  Converted up to 8&nbsp;inch (200&nbsp;mm) fab, this is now an important 8&nbsp;inch (200&nbsp;mm) wafer fab of the ST group.
* [[Greater Noida]], India: The Noida site was launched in 1992 to conduct software engineering activities. A silicon design centre was inaugurated in 1995.  With 120 employees, it was the largest design center of the company outside Europe at the time. In 2006, the site was shifted to [[Greater Noida]] for further expansion. The site hosts mainly design teams.
* [[Santa Clara, California]], ([[Silicon Valley]]), United States: 120 staff in marketing, design and applications.
* [[La Jolla, California]], ([[San Diego]], United States): 80 staff in design and applications.
* [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]], United States: Application, support, and marketing.
* [[Prague]], Czech Republic: 100 to 200 employees. Application, design and support.
* [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]]: 110 employees. Application, design and support.
* [[Sophia Antipolis]], near [[Nice]], France: Design center with a few hundred employees.
* [[Edinburgh]], Scotland: 200 staff focused in the field of imaging and photon detection.
* [[Ottawa|Ottawa, Ontario]], Canada: In 1993, SGS-Thomson purchased the semiconductor activities of [[Nortel]] which owned in Ottawa an R&D center and a fab. The fab was closed in 2000, however, a design, R&D centre and sales office is operating in the city.
* [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], Canada: HW & SW Design Center primarily involved with the design of video processor ICs as part of ST's TVM Division.
* [[Bangalore]], India: HW and SW design center employing more than 250 people (Including the employees of [[ST Ericsson]] and [[Genesis Microchip]]).
* [[Zaventem]], Belgium: 100 employees. Design & Application Center.
* [[Helsinki]], Finland: Design Center.
* [[Turku]], Finland: Design Center.
* [[Oulu]], Finland: Design Center.
* [[Tampere]], Finland: Design Center.
* [[Longmont, Colorado]] United States: Design Center.
* [[Graz]], Austria: NFC Competence Center.<ref>[https://www.nfcworld.com/2016/07/29/346498/ams-sells-nfc-and-rfid-reader-business-to-stmicroelectronics/ AMS sells NFC and RFID business to STMicroelectronics – NFC World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023234331/https://www.nfcworld.com/2016/07/29/346498/ams-sells-nfc-and-rfid-reader-business-to-stmicroelectronics/ |date=2018-10-23 }}. Retrieved on 2018-10-23.</ref>
* [[Pisa]], Italy: A design center employing more than 50 people. R&D, analog and digital design.

===Closing sites===
The [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Arizona]] 8&nbsp;inch (200&nbsp;mm) fab, the [[Carrollton, Texas|Carrollton]], [[Texas]] 6&nbsp;inch (150&nbsp;mm) fab, and the [[Ain Sebaa]], Morocco fab were beginning rampdown plans, and were destined to close by 2010.<ref name="st.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2542c.htm |title=ST &#124; STMicroelectronics Outlines Next Steps to Improve Cost Structure &#124; C2542C |access-date=July 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713103639/http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2542c.htm |archive-date=July 13, 2007 }}</ref>

The [[Casablanca]], Morocco site consists of two assembly parts (Bouskoura and Aïn Sebaâ) and totals around 4000 employees. It was opened in the 1960s by Thomson.

The [[Bristol]], United Kingdom site employing well over 300 at its peak (in 2001/2) but was ramped down to approx. 150 employees at close by early 2014.

The [[Ottawa|Ottawa, Ontario]], Canada plant (approx. 450 employees) was to be close down by 2013 end.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130717153551/http://www.obj.ca/Other/Archives/2001-05-31/article-2152352/STMicroelectronics-to-close-Ottawa-plant/1 STMicroelectronics to close Ottawa plant - Archives - Ottawa Business Journal]. Obj.ca (2001-05-31). Retrieved on 2013-12-08.</ref>

===Closed sites===
* [[Rennes]], France hosted a 6-inch (150&nbsp;mm) fab and was closed in 2004
* [[Rancho Bernardo]], [[California]], US a 4-inch (100&nbsp;mm) fab created by Nortel and purchased by SGS-Thomson in 1994, after which it was converted into a 6-inch (150&nbsp;mm) fab in 1996.
* SGS's first presence in the US was a sales office based in [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] in the early 1980s. Later, under SGS-Thomson, an 8-inch (200&nbsp;mm) fab was completed in Phoenix in 1995. The company's second 8" [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] after Crolles 1, the site was first dedicated to producing microprocessors for [[Cyrix]]. On 10 July 2007, ST said that it would close this site, and in July 2010 the shell of the Phoenix PF1 FAB was bought by Western Digital Corporation.<ref name="st.com"/>
* The [[Carrollton, Texas|Carrollton]], [[Texas]], US site was built in 1969 by [[Mostek]], an American company founded by former employees of [[Texas Instruments]]. In 1979, Mostek was acquired by [[United Technologies]], which sold it to Thomson Semiconducteurs in 1985. Initially equipped with a 4-inch (100&nbsp;mm) fab, it was converted into a 6-inch (150&nbsp;mm) [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] in 1988. The activities of [[INMOS]] in the US were transferred to Carrollton in 1989 following its acquisition by SGS Thomson. It was closed in 2010.<ref name="st.com"/>
* [[Bristol]], [[UK]] This R&D site housed [[Inmos]], which in 1978 began development of the [[Transputer]] microprocessor. The site was acquired with Inmos in 1989, and was primarily involved with the design of home video and entertainment products (e.g. [[Set-top box|Set-Top Box]]), [[GPS]] chips, and accompanying software. At its peak the site employed more than 250 employees. The site closed in 2014.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-23225566 STMicroelectronics to close Aztec West Business Park site] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713005433/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-23225566 |date=July 13, 2013 }} BBC News</ref>

===Future locations===
* On 8 August 2007, ST bought [[Nokia]]'s [[Integrated circuit|microchip]] development team and plans to invest heavily in development of cellular [[Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC]] applications. The purchase included Nokia's ASIC team in [[Southwood, Hampshire|Southwood (UK)]] and the company plans several sites in Finland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2547c.htm |title=ST &#124; Nokia and STMicroelectronics plan deeper ties in 3G technology development &#124; C2547C |access-date=August 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816080217/http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2547c.htm |archive-date=August 16, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/A4136001?newsid=1144794|title=About us|date=4 December 2013|website=Nokia.com|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2007/08/08/41943/nokia-lines-up-chip-transfer-to-st.htm|title=Nokia lines up chip transfer to ST - Electronics Weekly|date=8 August 2007|website=Electronicsweekly.com|access-date=5 July 2016|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927212000/http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2007/08/08/41943/nokia-lines-up-chip-transfer-to-st.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In June 2023, ST announced its partnership with [[GlobalFoundries]] to build a new factory in [[Crolles]], France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-05 |title=France to provide 2.9 billion euros in aid for new STMicro/GlobalFoundries factory |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/france-provide-29-bln-euros-aid-new-stmicroglobalfoundries-factory-2023-06-05/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=reuters.com}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Switzerland|Companies}}
*[[Altitude SEE Test European Platform (ASTEP)]]
* [[Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre]] (IMEC)
* [[Numonyx]]
* [[ST-Ericsson]]
*[[List of semiconductor fabrication plants]]
* [[STM8]]
* [[STM32]]
* [http://www.stmssg.org STMicroelectronics Small Shareholders' Group (STM.S.S.G.)]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.cad-st.org Collectif Autonome et Démocratique de STMicroelectronics (CAD-ST)]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}

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{{CAC 40 companies}}
{{Major semiconductor companies}}

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