View source for STS-5

{{Short description|1982 American crewed spaceflight to deploy communications satellites}}
{{About|the Space Shuttle mission STS-5|the hominid fossil|STS 5}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = STS-5
| names_list         = [[Space Transportation System]]-5
| image              = SBS-3 with PAM-D stage.jpg
| image_caption      = The [[SBS 3 (satellite)|SBS-3]] satellite with attached [[Payload Assist Module|PAM-D]] motor is deployed from ''Columbia''.
| mission_type       = [[Communications satellite]]s deployment
| operator           = [[NASA]]
| mission_duration   = {{time interval|November 11, 1982, 12:19:00|November 16, 1982, 14:33:26|show=dhms|sep=,}}
| distance_travelled = {{cvt|3397082|km}}
| orbits_completed   = 81
| spacecraft         = {{OV|102}}
| launch_mass        = {{cvt|112088|kg}}
| landing_mass       = {{cvt|91841|kg}}
| payload_mass       = {{cvt|14551|kg}}
| crew_size          = 4
| crew_members       = {{Unbulleted list|[[Vance D. Brand]]|[[Robert F. Overmyer]]|[[William B. Lenoir]]|[[Joseph P. Allen]]}}
| launch_date        = {{Start date text|November 11, 1982, 11:19:00|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] (7:19:00{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}[[Eastern Standard Time|EST]])
| launch_site        = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]]
| launch_contractor  = [[Rockwell International]]
| landing_date       = {{End date text|November 16, 1982, 14:33:26|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC (6:33:26{{nbsp}}am{{nbsp}}[[Pacific Standard Time|PST]])
| landing_site       = [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway{{nbsp}}22
| orbit_reference    = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref>{{cite web|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|title=SATCAT|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|publisher=Jonathan's Space Report|date=January 6, 2022|access-date=January 11, 2022}}</ref>
| orbit_regime       = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis    = {{cvt|294|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis     = {{cvt|317|km}}
| orbit_inclination  = 28.50°
| orbit_period       = 90.50 minutes
| apsis              = gee
| instruments        = 
| insignia           = Sts-5-patch.png
| insignia_caption   = STS-5 mission patch
| crew_photo         = Sts-5_crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption = From left: [[Joseph P. Allen|Allen]], [[Vance D. Brand|Brand]], [[Robert F. Overmyer|Overmyer]] and [[William B. Lenoir|Lenoir]]
| programme          = [[Space Shuttle program]]
| previous_mission   = [[STS-4]]
| next_mission       = [[STS-6]]
}}

'''STS-5''' was the fifth [[NASA]] [[Space Shuttle]] mission and the fifth flight of the [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']]. It launched on November 11, 1982, and landed five days later on November 16, 1982. STS-5 was the first Space Shuttle mission to deploy [[communications satellite]]s into orbit, and the first officially "operational" Space Shuttle mission.

== Crew ==
{{Spaceflight crew
| terminology = Astronaut

| position1   = Commander
| crew1_up    = [[Vance D. Brand]]
| flights1_up = Second

| position2   = Pilot
| crew2_up    = [[Robert F. Overmyer]]
| flights2_up = First

| position3   = Mission Specialist 1
| crew3_up    = [[Joseph P. Allen]]
| flights3_up = First

| position4   = Mission Specialist 2<br>Flight Engineer
| crew4_up    = [[William B. Lenoir]]
| flights4_up = Only
}}

=== Support crew ===
* [[Roy D. Bridges Jr.]] (entry CAPCOM)
* [[Michael Coats]]
* [[Richard O. Covey]]
* [[Bryan D. O'Connor]]
* [[Jon McBride]]
* [[Robert L. Stewart]] (ascent CAPCOM)

=== Crew seat assignments ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Seat<ref>{{cite web|title=STS-5|url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-5.htm|publisher=Spacefacts|access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref>
! Launch
! Landing
|rowspan=8| [[File:Space Shuttle seating plan.svg|150px]]<br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
|-
! 1
|colspan=2| Brand
|-
! 2
|colspan=2| Overmyer
|-
! 3
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|-
! 4
| Lenoir
| Allen
|-
! 5
| Allen
| Lenoir
|-
! 6
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|-
! 7
|colspan=2 style="background-color:lightgray"| ''Unused''
|}

== Mission summary ==
''Columbia'' launched on schedule from [[Kennedy Space Center]] (KSC) at 07:19:00{{nbsp}}a.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]], on November 11, 1982. The shuttle carried a crew of four – the largest spacecraft crew up to that time – and the first two commercial [[communications satellite]]s to be flown aboard a shuttle.

The commercial satellites were deployed successfully and subsequently propelled into their operational [[geosynchronous orbit]]s by [[McDonnell Douglas]] [[Payload Assist Module|PAM-D]] [[Apogee kick motor|kick motors]]. The two satellites were [[SBS 3 (satellite)|SBS-3]], owned by [[Satellite Business Systems]], and [[Anik (satellite)|Anik]]-C3, owned by [[Telesat|Telesat Canada]]; both were [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]-built [[HS-376]]-series satellites. In addition, STS-5 carried a [[West Germany|West German]]-sponsored microgravity [[Getaway Special]] (GAS) experiment canister in the payload bay. The crew also conducted three student-designed experiments during the flight.

Lenoir and Allen were to perform a spacewalk, the first of the Space Shuttle program, to test newly developed space suits. The space suits were developed as cheaper and less complicated alternatives to the Apollo versions. The test was delayed by one day due to Lenoir succumbing to motion sickness.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34419415//|title=Suit Failures Scuttle Walks in Space|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=LNP Always Lancaster|location=Lancaster, Pennsylvania|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Then a poorly functioning oxygen regulator in Lenoir's suit and a broken recirculation fan in Allen's caused them to cancel the extravehicular activity (EVA) entirely.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34419462/fort_lauderdale_news/|title=Shuttle's 'Can Deliver' Crew Grilled|newspaper=Fort Lauderdale News|location=Fort Lauderdale, Florida|date=November 17, 1982|page=3|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> It was the first time in the history of the space program that an EVA had been cancelled due to space suit issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34419396//|title=$2 Million Space Suit Fails Its First Test|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=LNP Always Lancaster|location=Lancaster, Pennsylvania|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

''Columbia'' landed on Runway 22 at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] on November 16, 1982, at 06:33:26{{nbsp}}a.m. [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]], having traveled {{cvt|3397082|km}} in 81 orbits during a mission that lasted 5{{nbsp}}days, 2{{nbsp}}hours, 14{{nbsp}}minutes and 26{{nbsp}}seconds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34452626/the_town_talk/|title=Shuttle Crew Back in Houston|location=Alexandria, Louisiana|newspaper=The Town Talk |date=November 17, 1982|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ''Columbia'' was returned to KSC on November 22, 1982. STS-5 was the first Space Shuttle flight in which the crew did not wear pressure suits for the launch, reentry, and landing portions of the flight, similar to the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Voskhod programme|Voskhod]] and [[Soyuz programme|Soyuz]] missions prior to the ill-fated [[Soyuz 11]] mission in 1971.

== Operational status ==
The Space Shuttle was formally declared "operational" after [[STS-4]]. However, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB), in its report on the loss with all crew aboard of ''Columbia'' during [[STS-107]] in 2003, asserted that the orbiter should never have been considered operational and that, while not intrinsically unsafe, it was in fact an experimental vehicle. The CAIB's rationale was that civilian and military aircraft that are considered operational must have been tested and proven over thousands of safe flights in their final operational configurations, whereas the shuttle had conducted under 200 flights, with continuous modification. NASA operated the Space Shuttle as an experimental vehicle for the remainder of the program.<ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia Accident Investigation Board |url=https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/CAIB/CAIB%20Website/CAIB%20Report/Volume%201/Part%201/chapter1.pdf|publisher=NASA|access-date=August 16, 2015}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Mission insignia ==
The five points of the blue star of the mission patch indicate the flight's numerical designation in the [[Space Transportation System]]'s mission sequence.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}

== Wake-up calls ==
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the [[Project Gemini]], and first used music to wake up a flight crew during [[Apollo 15]]. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.<ref name="chronology">{{cite news|first=Colin|last=Fries|title=Chronology of Wakeup Calls|date=June 25, 2007|publisher=NASA|url=https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|access-date=August 13, 2007|archive-date=December 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220093919/https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Flight Day
! Song
! Artist/Composer
|-
| Day 2
| "[[76 Trombones]]"
| [[The Music Man]]
|-
| Day 3
| "[[Cotton Eyed Joe]]"
|  
|-
| Day 4
| "[[Marine Hymn]]"
| [[United States Marine Band]]
|-
| Day 5
| "[[The Stroll (song)|The Stroll]]"
| [[The Diamonds]]/[[Clyde Otis]]
|-
| Day 6
| "[[Take Me Home, Country Roads]]"
| [[John Denver]]
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="center">
Image:STS-5 Launch (18277306658).jpg|''Columbia'' is launched from Launch Pad 39A on its fifth flight and first operational mission.
Image:STS-5 Anik deploy.png|Anik-C3 being deployed.
Image:STS-5 landing.png|''Columbia'' concluding its mission with an early morning landing at Runway 22 of Edwards Air Force Base.
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of human spaceflights]]
* [[List of Space Shuttle missions]]
* [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-5.html STS-5 mission summary]. NASA.
* [http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle05.htm STS-5 video highlights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718113125/http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle05.htm |date=July 18, 2012 }}. NSS.

{{Space Shuttle Columbia}}
{{All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions}}
{{Orbital launches in 1982}}

[[Category:Space Shuttle missions]]
[[Category:Edwards Air Force Base]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1982]]
[[Category:1982 in California]]
[[Category:1982 in Florida]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1982]]
[[Category:November 1982]]