View source for Saab 9000

{{Short description|Swedish car produced (1984-1998)}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Saab 9000
| image = 1995 Saab 9000 Aero in Imola Red, front left (Lime Rock).jpg
| caption = 1995 Saab 9000 Aero saloon
| manufacturer = [[Saab Automobile|Saab]]
| production = 24 May 1984 – 6 May 1998
| assembly = {{ubl
|Sweden: [[Trollhättan]] ([[Trollhättan Assembly]])
|Finland: [[Uusikaupunki]] (1984–1991)
}}
| designer = {{ubl
|[[Björn Envall]]
|[[Giorgetto Giugiaro]] at [[Italdesign]]
}}
| class = [[Executive car]] ([[E-segment|E]])
| body_style = {{ubl
|4-door [[saloon (car)|saloon]] (CD)
|5-door [[hatchback]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parkers.co.uk/saab/9000/specs/|title=Saab 9000 Specifications|work=[[Parker's Car Guides]]|publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]|language=English|access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> (CC, CS)
}}
| platform = [[Type Four platform|Type four]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |title=Curiosidades Tipo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305183446/http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |archive-date=5 March 2012 |publisher=Fiat Tipo Portugal |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref>
| related = {{ubl
|[[Alfa Romeo 164]]
|[[Fiat Croma]]
|[[Lancia Thema]]
}}
| layout = Transverse<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hsx/2007/02/Saab-9000-Aero/1409203.html |title=Saab 9000 Aero |access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> [[Front-engine, front-wheel drive layout|front-engine, front-wheel drive]]
| engine = {{ubl
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Saab H engine#B202|B202]]/[[Saab H engine#B204|B204]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
  | 2.0&nbsp;L ''B202/B204'' [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] I4
  | 2.3&nbsp;L ''[[Saab H engine#B234|B234]]'' I4
  | 2.3&nbsp;L ''B234'' turbocharged I4
  | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[General Motors 54° V6 engine#B308I|GM B308]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]
  }}
| transmission = 4-speed ''[[ZF 4HP18 transmission|ZF 4HP18]]'' automatic<br />5-speed ''[[F35 transmission|F25]]'' manual
| wheelbase = {{convert|2672|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{ubl
|CC: {{convert|4620|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|CD: {{convert|4782|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|CS: {{convert|4761|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}
| width = {{convert|1763|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1420|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1410|–|1475|kg|abbr=on}}
| successor = [[Saab 9-5]]
}}

The '''Saab 9000''' is an automobile produced by the [[Sweden|Swedish]] company [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] from 1984 to 1998. Representing the company's foray into the [[executive car]] scene, it was developed as a result of the successes of the turbocharged [[Saab 99|99]] and [[Saab 900|900]] models.<ref name=AG125>{{cite journal | ref = AG125 | journal = De AutoGids | number = 125 | volume = 5 | page = 21 | title = Saab 9000, de achtergronden | trans-title = Saab 9000, the background | first = Jean-Jacques | last = Renaux | language = nl-be | date = 5 July 1984 | publisher = Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine | location = Brussels, Belgium }}</ref> The 9000 remained in production until May 1998 and was replaced by the [[Saab 9-5|9-5]] in late 1997, although some final cars were produced into 1998. The Saab 9000 was only available with petrol engines, in two different 5-door hatchback designs or as a 4-door notchback.

==Introduction==
Saab designed the 9000 as part of its joint development [[Type Four platform]] in conjunction with the Italian automaker [[Fiat Automobiles]]. Fiat developed and sold its own derivative versions from the platform as the more basic [[Fiat Croma]], the luxury-themed [[Lancia Thema]], and the sports-oriented [[Alfa Romeo 164]]. Unlike the 164, which shares only the chassis, the Croma and Thema are outwardly similar to the 9000. As such, much of the bodywork appeared interchangeable between the 9000, Croma and Thema; for example, the doors. However, because Saab fitted heavier side impact protection and made other changes to the design, none of the components could be interchanged between the cars.<ref name="Lund (2009), p. 77.">[[#Lund (2009)|Lund (2009)]], p. 77.</ref> Fiat had designed the Croma with no consideration of American crash test requirements, which forced Saab to strengthen the body by fitting various reinforcements.<ref name="TV1791.7">{{cite magazine | ref = GD91 | title = Styv och stadig efter sju svåra år | trans-title = Stiff and stable after seven troubled years | language = sv | magazine = [[Teknikens Värld]] | publisher = Specialtidningsförlaget AB | location = Stockholm, Sweden | pages = 7–8 | date = 1991-09-05 | issue = 17 | volume = 43 | first = Gunnar | last = Dackevall }}</ref> Thus, the front of the Saab is radically different from the Italian siblings due to the much improved crash protection.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lund |first=Eric |date=20 December 2014 |url=http://www.gp.se/motor/1.2576401-sveriges-modernaste-bil-fyller-30?post_id=672138261_10152598564303262 |title=Sveriges modernaste bil fyller 30 |trans-title=Sweden's most modern car turns 30 |language=sv | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141220125846/http://www.gp.se/motor/1.2576401-sveriges-modernaste-bil-fyller-30?post_id=672138261_10152598564303262 | work=[[Göteborgs-Posten]] |archive-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> Only seven parts are actually interchangeable.<ref name="Lund (2009), p. 77."/> Additionally, where the other Type Four cars used independent MacPherson struts all round, the 9000 used them only on the front suspension, with its rear suspension instead using a [[beam axle]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/anything-goes-throwback-thursday/throwback-thursday-suspension-wonders-1984-saab-9000 |title=Throwback Thursday: Suspension wonders of the 1984 Saab 9000 |author=Kris Culmer |date=2018-01-18 |publisher=Autocar }}</ref> The 9000 was designed by [[Giorgetto Giugiaro]] and Saab's in-house designer [[Björn Envall]].

Despite being shorter overall than the 900 which was still produced in parallel, the 9000 has a longer [[wheelbase]] and greater interior space with {{convert|3.5|m3|cuft}} of interior space, {{convert|0.67|m3|cuft}} in the boot and {{convert|1.6|m3|cuft}} with rear seats folded). Qualifying as an [[EPA]]-rated [[Full-size car|large car]], a distinction shared only with the contemporary [[Rolls-Royce Motors|Rolls-Royce]] in America.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Saab 9000 Aero|url=https://www.hemmings.com/blog/article/saab-9000-aero/|date=February 2007|website=Hemmings|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> This was achieved by installing the engine transversely to the direction of travel in the 9000 (instead of longitudinally as in the 900). Unlike the 900, the 9000 kept the ignition switch in the more conventional steering column position rather than between the front seats. The inspiration for the seats was taken by Björn Envall from [[The Muppet Show]]'s ''[[Pigs in Space]]'',<ref name="klassikerrumpa">{{cite web |first = Claes | last = Johansson |url=http://www.klassiker.nu/zino.aspx?articleID=11764 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130222234734/http://www.klassiker.nu/zino.aspx?articleID=11764 |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 February 2013 |title= Saab utan svart rumpa | trans-title = Saab without the black behind | language = sv | work = Klassiker.nu }}</ref> a sketch by the late puppeteer [[Jim Henson]].

In total, 503,087 Saab 9000s were manufactured.<ref name = "Lund (2009), p. 78.">[[#Lund (2009)|Lund (2009)]], p. 78.</ref>
These are divided into:
216,385 Saab 9000 CC (MY 1985–1991),
174,525 Saab 9000 CS (MY 1992–1998),
112,177 Saab 9000 CD (MY 1988–1997).<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=History of the Saab 9000 (1984-1998)|url=http://www.saabhistory.com/2007/01/25/the-saab-9000-1984-1998/|date=January 25, 2007|website=Saab History|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>

== History ==
{{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 200
| image1 = 1985 Saab 9000 (9195104822).jpg | caption1 = 1986–1990 Saab 9000 CC Turbo (Europe)
| image2 = 1991 Saab 9000CC Turbo.jpg | caption2 = 1991–1992 Saab 9000 CC (US)
| image3 = Saab 9000 rear.jpg | caption3 = 1990–1991 Saab 9000 CC (Europe)
}}

The 9000 was launched to the motoring press at a conference at [[Kolmården Wildlife Park|Kolmården Game Park]] on 24 May 1984<ref name = "Saab 9000 Model Year Changes">{{cite web |url=http://saabmuseum.com/en/model-years/saab-9000-model-year-changes/ |title=Saab 9000 Model Year Changes |publisher=Saab Museum |access-date=28 January 2016 |archive-date=29 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629182246/http://saabmuseum.com/en/model-years/saab-9000-model-year-changes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 1985 in the European market. This original model called "Saab 9000 Turbo 16" was a five-door [[hatchback]], only available with a manual gearbox and the 2.0-litre turbocharged 4-cylinder engine with 16 valves, already known from the 900. Maximum power was quoted to be {{cvt|175|hp-metric|kW|0|adj=mid|DIN}} without a catalytic converter. The 9000 has [[Drag coefficient]] of C<sub>d</sub> 0.34, very competitive for the time.<ref name=AGp25>[[#AG125|Renaux]], p. 25</ref> Earlier on in the development, the [[PRV engine]] had also been considered as well as the [[Ford Vulcan engine]] from the upcoming Ford Taurus.<ref name="klassikerrumpa"/>

The Saab 9000 was awarded '''Best Prestige Car 1985''' by the French magazine L'Action Automobile.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historien om Saab 9000|url=https://teknikensvarld.se/nyheter/bil-och-trafik/historien-om-saab-9000-585777/|access-date=5 January 2021|website=teknikensvarld.se|date=9 February 2018 }}</ref> Cars built in the first year had problems with weak structural rigidity and developed a reputation for cracks and fatigue if fitted with tow hooks or sunroofs.<ref name="TV1791.7"/> Earlier production 9000s were not able to pass the American crash test standards but the car was continuously reinforced during its production run.<ref name="TV1791.7"/>

At the end of 1985, for the 1986 model year, the 9000 was rolled out in Saab's most important foreign market: the US. It was fitted with the 2.0-litre turbocharged 4-cylinder engine, now with exhaust gas purification via catalytic converter and was rated at {{cvt|160|hp-metric|kW|0|adj=mid|DIN}}.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Model|date=2016-02-24|title=Saab 9000 US car sales figures|url=https://carsalesbase.com/us-saab-9000/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=carsalesbase.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Saab also introduced a fuel injected naturally aspirated engine for the 9000 during the same year, available in all of Saab's markets. This engine is rated at {{cvt|125|hp-metric|kW|0|adj=mid|DIN}} with catalytic converters and {{cvt|128|hp-metric|kW|0|adj=mid|DIN}} without catalytic converters. The naturally aspirated engine is based on the turbocharged engine and features four valves per cylinder, electronic ignition, and a knock sensor.

In the autumn of 1986, Saab organised a record attempt with the 9000, which received much attention in the US and internationally, at the Alabama International Motor Speedway at Talladega, now the [[Talladega Superspeedway]]. "Saab Turbo--In The Long Run" took place over 20 days and 20 nights. "The main purpose of the Long Run project is to test the endurance of our cars as part of our ongoing testing program," explained Olle Granlund, head of Saab's engine and transmission department and the person in charge of this project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/run-for-the-record-saab-9000-and-900|access-date=2021-03-07|website=www.hemmings.com|title=Run for the record - Saab 9000 and 900}}</ref> All three 9000 Turbo 16s passed the {{convert|100,000|km|mi}} mark in 21 days, the lead car breaking 21 international and two world speed records in the process. In memory of this event, Saab sold special models of its cars named "Talladega" in the prospective years, not only for the 9000 but also for other model series. Furthermore, the event was repeated 10 years later in 1996 with models of the "NG 900".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-08|title=1997 Saab 900 SE "Talladega Challenge" – Heritage Collection Saab USA|url=http://saabworld.net/wp/1997-saab-900-se-talladega-challenge-heritage-collection-saab-usa/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=SaabWorld|language=en-US}}</ref>

For the 1987 model year a 4-speed automatic transmission made by [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] became available. For the 1988 model year, Saab introduced a 4-door saloon variant of the 9000 known as the CD. The front of the Sedan was different (more modern) and more streamlined than the hatchback model. This involved smoothing the edges of the headlamps and grille and sloping the front outwards. Saab adapted the design of the saloon to the current facelift of the 900, which had already received a similar new front-end design for the 1987 model year. This re-design marked a departure from the more upright front styling of the 1984 model, which was also similar to the old design of the 900 from 1978 to 1986.

From 1988, all 9000 variants were equipped with a [[Saab Information Display]] (SID) which showed fuel consumption, distance to an empty fuel tank, [[alternator (automotive)|alternator]] output voltage, outside temperature, and lowest battery voltage during vehicle start.<ref>Saab 9000 Service manual, vol 3, pp 381-2 to 381-3.</ref> If the outside temperature fell to {{convert|-3|to|3|°C|°F}}, the temperature display is automatically selected to warn of possible [[black ice]] road conditions. A separate pictogram monitored door and hatch opening and exterior light bulb condition.<ref>Saab 9000 Service manual, model year 1997, p, 11.</ref> 1988 also marked the introduction of pyrotechnic [[Seat belt#Technology|seat belt tensioners]] for the front seats.<ref name="TV18.87">{{cite journal|last=Svallner|first=Björn|date=19 August 1987|title=Saab 1988: Äntligen en säker handbroms!|trans-title=Saab 1988: Finally a safe parking brake!|journal=[[Teknikens Värld]]|language=sv|location=Stockholm, Sweden|publisher=Specialtidningsförlaget AB|volume=39|issue=18|page=11|ref=BS87}}</ref>

[[Saab Direct Ignition]] was also introduced in 1988 with the 9000 CD and its B202 turbocharged engine. The CC's engine also got similar updates for the 1989 model year and the direct injection system later expanded to all models (except models equipped with the V6 engine, which came from General Motors). The output of both engines increased slightly through optimisation, from {{cvt|160|to|163|hp-metric|kW|0}} DIN for the catalyzed turbo model, from {{cvt|125|to|128|hp-metric|kW|0}} DIN for the catalyzed, naturally aspirated engine, and from {{cvt|128|to|133|hp-metric|kW|0}} DIN in the uncatalyzed model.

For the 1990 model year, Saab introduced the newly developed and enlarged ''B234'' 2.3-litre engine, rated at {{cvt|146|hp-metric|kW|0|adj=mid|DIN}} for the naturally aspirated variation. This version develops {{cvt|150|hp|kW|0|adj=mid|SAE}} in US-market cars. For the 1991 model year, the new engine also became available also with a turbocharger, rated at {{cvt|195|hp-metric|kW|0|adj=mid|DIN}}. Unlike the other engines, each of which was also used in the 900, the B234 engine was only used in the 9000 (and later in other model series).

[[File:Saab 9000 facelift front clips.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The facelifts of the 9000]]

For the 1991 (Europe) and 1992 (US) model years, Saab also adopted the sloping front design of the CD for the CC hatchback. With this, the flat front design of the 90, 99, 900 and the early 9000 was finally over. But this design existed only for a single year on the CC in most markets (the CD notchback retained its old design until the 1994 model year). Also new during 1991 was the ozone-friendly air-conditioning system using [[R134a]] - the first in the world. Saab also offered conversion kits for existing, air conditioned 9000 models.<ref name=TV0791.15>{{cite magazine | ref = CJ91 | title = Saabs freonfria konditionering i alla bilar? | trans-title = Saab's freon free conditioner for all cars? | language = sv | magazine = [[Teknikens Värld]] | publisher = Specialtidningsförlaget AB | location = Stockholm, Sweden | page = 15 | date = 1991-04-04 | issue = 7 | volume = 43 | editor-first = Claes | editor-last = Johansson }}</ref>

The next bigger facelift for the 9000 5-door hatchback was followed by the introduction of a partial redesign for the 1992 model year in Europe (for 1993 model year in the US), known as the CS. At the release of the CS, the original hatchback variant from 1985–1991/1992 model years was retrospectively designated CC to differentiate it from the newer model. The "old" CC continued to be sold alongside the facelifted model in some markets as an entry-level model and particularly in the US, where the new CS was not available until 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Class of '86- Saab 9000 Turbo | first = Mark J. | last = McCourt | date = 2011-07-01 | url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2011/07/01/class-of-86-saab-9000-turbo|access-date=2020-10-08|work = hemmings.com}}</ref>

A new turbocharger management system, [[Trionic T5.5|Trionic 5 and later Trionic 7]], was equipped from the 1993 model year onwards (the Trionic system used resistor spark plugs to detect for engine knock in place of the knock sensors incorporated into the engine block in the previous [[Automatic Performance Control|APC]] system). The model range was also revised to provide some uniformity to the model designations on all markets. They became CS/CSE and CD/CDE:

*the CS / CD were equipped with basic equipment
*the CSE / CDE came with most available equipment from factory

In principle, both trim levels could be combined with the engines available in the respective model year. This means that even a "simple" CS could be ordered with the 200&nbsp;hp turbocharged engine, for example.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

For the 1995 model year, a 3.0-litre ''[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine|B308]]'' V6 engine from [[General Motors]] rated at {{convert|210|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} was introduced as standard for the CDE trim and optional for the CSE trim.

===End of production===
The four-door CD/E models were discontinued in all markets in summer 1997 (already discontinued in the US in summer 1995). The production of the performance-oriented Aero model also ended in summer 1997. Only 1,400 units of the 9000 were produced for the final model year pf 1998 (starting in August 1997), and of these, only 400 were exported to the United States, the main foreign market for Saab. In 1997, Saab introduced the successor of the 9000 called the [[Saab 9-5|9-5]].

== Models ==
=== 9000 CC (hatchback) ===
Originally known simply as the 9000, the original hatchback variant was later given the CC identifier, standing for "Combi Coupe", to differentiate it from the CD ("Corps Diplomatique") saloon and later CS hatchback. Saab also used this different identifier for models of the 900. While originally equipped with an upright front design, this was replaced by the facelift adopting the sloped design language in the 1990 model year that had earlier debuted on the 9000 CD saloon in 1988.

As with the 900 CC, the 9000 CC had some special models in some countries, such as the 9000 Turbo 16 SP in France (SP stands for "Sport and Performance").<ref name=VCsp>{{cite web | url = https://www.voitures-collection-youngtimers.fr/saab-youngtimer/saab-9000-turbo-16-sp/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221206065155/https://www.voitures-collection-youngtimers.fr/saab-youngtimer/saab-9000-turbo-16-sp/ | archive-date = 2022-12-06 | title = Saab 9000 Turbo 16 SP 192 ch et 204 ch | language = fr | work = Voitures de collection youngtimers | date = 2017-06-29 | url-status = live }}</ref> In Germany and Switzerland there were also a special edition named "Saab 9000 Turbo 16 S", with an airflow kit and the B202 turbocharged engine with a catalytic converter tuned up to 195&nbsp;hp (for 1990). But the most popular special series is the so-called "Talladega" (US and most parts of Europe) or "Carlsson" (UK), both models available as CC and CD saloon versions. The "Carlsson" takes its name from legendary Swedish rally ace [[Erik Carlsson]], who secured numerous wins for Saab in the sixties.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saabplanet.com/saab-9000-carlsson-performance-with-responsibility/ |title=Saab 9000 Carlsson – Performance with Responsibility |date=19 November 2017 |access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> In markets outside of the UK, it was known as the Talladega in honour of the 19 endurance records set by three standard turbocharged 9000s at Talladega Speedway in the US in 1986. Since 1988, the CC was available both with and without catalytic converter. Saab had scared the power to 175&nbsp;PS (160&nbsp;PS original) in the catalytic converter engine and 192&nbsp;PS (175&nbsp;PS original) in non-catalyzed variants. The boost pressure was around 1.0 bar. Furthermore, a new "black box" (APC) had been installed in the Talladega models which allows higher power.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://teknikensvarld.se/provkorning-av-saab-9000-talladega-169110/ |title=Provkörning av Saab 9000 Talladega |date=16 December 2014 |access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> 9000 Carlsson models were produced with a paint-matched airflow body kit, spoiler, and a specially tuned turbocharged engine producing 195 PS (185&nbsp;PS with catalytic converter) with the B202 turbo in 1990 up to {{convert|225|PS|abbr=on|disp=flip|}} in 1991-92 with the B234 turbo and was only available with a manual transmission.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/april-1991/41/the-motor-sport-road-test-saab-9000-carlsson |title=The Motor Sport Road Test -- Saab 9000 Carlsson |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> The "Carlsson" was produced from 1990 to 1992 (changing from CC to CS design) with engine output up to 225&nbsp;PS and can be described as the precursor of the Aero, which was introduced in 1993 with the CS design. A number of the Carlsson editions fitted with the ''B202'' turbocharged engine were sold into the Australian market. In total 216,385 9000 CC were produced from 1985-1991 (43% of the total production numbers).<ref name=":1" />

=== 9000 CD (saloon) ===
{{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 200
| image1 = 1990 Saab 9000 CD non-turbo.jpg
| image2 = Saab 9000 CD in Taiwan.jpg | caption2 = Saab 9000 CD (pre-facelift)
| image4 = 1994-1997 Saab 9000 CD sedan (2010-12-28).jpg | caption4 = Saab 9000 CD (post-facelift)
}}

The 9000 CD was introduced in Nice, France in January 1988. The CD was the four-door saloon body style featuring a slightly more aerodynamic front design which the CC did not receive until 1991. The redesigned rear gave the CD about 20% more torsional rigidity.<ref name="TV1791.7"/> Just as in the launch of the CC variant, the 9000 CD was initially available only with the B202 turbo engine, but Saab combined it right from the start with its new "DI ignition system"  At the [[Birmingham Motor Show]] in September 1988, Saab premiered the non-turbocharged model of the CD with the naturally aspirated 2.0-litre inline-four.<ref name = "Saab 9000 Model Year Changes"/> In 1990 Saab introduced the {{cvt|150|PS|kW hp|0}} 2.3-litre ''B234'' normally aspirated engine for the CC and CD. Since then, the CD was available with the same basic engines as the CC, except the 225&nbsp;PS "Aero" engine which was reserved for the liftbacks.

From the beginning, Saab had placed the CD above the hatchback model in terms of equipment and price. This was in keeping with the spirit of the times, which saw an expensive notchback model more as a car for business people (with or without a chauffeur) who did not need the cargo space of the CC. This is why Saab never offered the CD with a folding rear seat, which would have been at the expense of stability and peace and quiet in the interior. With the introduction of the 9000 2.3 Turbo CD "Griffin" for 1992 as the top model of the 9000 series, Saab finally placed itself in the luxury class. The Griffin was only available as notchback and only with the 2.3 Turbo engine and only 400 units were produced.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1992/06/19/saab-story-griffin-edition/b661c74a-042a-4cc0-9f64-b394a750eaaf/ |title=SAAB Story: Griffin Edition |date=1992-06-19 |first = Warren | last = Brown |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |place=Washington, D.C. |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=1330888409}}</ref>

In 1994, for the 1995 model year, Saab redesigned the CD for the first time since its introduction, the model now receiving the same front end design as on the CS and a revised taillight arrangement. In some European markets, Saab revived the "Griffin" model from 1995 onwards. It was only available with the V6 engine, automatic transmission and with numerous luxury appointments, such as an optional second air conditioning unit in the boot for the rear occupants and with all available electric options, special eucalyptus green paint, walnut trim and rear window blinds.

Saab withdrew the notchback from the US market in the summer of 1995, but kept offering this bodystyle in other markets until summer 1997. Total production of the 9000 CD amounted to 112,177 units (22.3% of total production).<ref name=":1" />

=== 9000 CS (hatchback) ===
{{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 200
| image1 = 1996 Saab 9000 CS Turbo Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg
| image2 = 1996 Saab 9000 CS Turbo Automatic 2.0 Rear.jpg | caption2 = 1996 Saab 9000 CS (Europe)
}}

Saab presented the 9000 CS (Combi Sedan), an updated version of the former CC hatchback body variant, in Europe in autumn 1991 for the 1992 model year (in the US the CS was introduced in 1993). The CS featured a lowered front fascia with new headlights, new grille, some minor changes at the doors and a substantially redesigned rear-end. Although the interior design remained basically the same, there were some minor cosmetic changes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaufberatung SAAB 9000 CC vs. CS #1 - Karosserie|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9eXz79PupM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/z9eXz79PupM| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|date=August 31, 2018|website=YouTube|access-date=2020-05-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The deeper C-pillars and stronger construction at the rear increased torsional rigidity, which the original CC design had been criticized for lacking.<ref name=TV0791.12>{{cite magazine | ref = CJ91 | title = Försiktig spelöppning | trans-title = Cautious opening move | language = sv | magazine = [[Teknikens Värld]] | publisher = Specialtidningsförlaget AB | location = Stockholm, Sweden | page = 12 | date = 1991-04-04 | issue = 7 | volume = 43 | editor-first = Claes | editor-last = Johansson }}</ref> The new body was also designed to meet upcoming (1994) Federal side impact standards.<ref name="TV1791.7"/>

The redesigned front and rear looked sleeker, but did not actually lower the wind resistance. However, lift was reduced, making the car more stable at high-speeds.<ref name="TV1791.7"/> The 9000 CS was fitted with a variety of [[Saab H engine#B204 & B234|Saab H engines]].

[[File:1995 Saab 9000 CS Aero in red, front left (CPW).jpg|thumb|1995 Saab 9000 CS Aero (US)]]

After the old B202 engine was phased out after 1993, there were in summary 9 different engine versions for the CS available in the upcoming years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.swipnet.se/danny/9000engines.htm |publisher=Home.swipnet.se |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429213936/http://home.swipnet.se/danny/9000engines.htm |title=ModelGuide_9000_engines |archive-date=29 April 2008}}</ref> After the 1995 model year, the naturally aspirated four-cylinder engines were discontinued in the United States.

A limited-edition Anniversary model was introduced in 1997 to mark Saab's 50th anniversary, featuring leather seats embossed with the classic, aircraft-inspired Saab logo and a colour-keyed body kit. The engine type was freely selectable from the available turbocharged engines from the 1997 model year except the engine used in the Aero model. The "Anniversary" could be ordered until the end of the 9000's production in 1998. During 1998, the "Anniversary" could be also ordered with the engine of the Aero model.

The Saab 9000 CS Aero was introduced in 1993. Unveiled at the [[Paris Motor Show]] in October 1992, the new 9000 Aero was the fastest Saab automobile to date. It was powered by a {{convert|225|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} version of Saab's 2.3-litre ''B234'' engine, with more power courtesy of a larger [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''TD04'' turbocharger. Models equipped with the automatic transmission-equipped were limited to {{convert|200|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} and kept the regular turbocharged models' [[Garrett AiResearch|Garrett]] T25 turbocharger. The Aero was equipped with paint-matched body kit and spoiler, eight-way [[Recaro]]-designed heated sports seats, a sport suspension, and 16-inch three-spoke Super Aero wheels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mysite.verizon.net/ralimi/aero/press_release_1996.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510200915/http://mysite.verizon.net/ralimi/aero/press_release_1996.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 May 2008 |title=SAAB 9000 AERO is The Ultimate Luxury SUV |publisher=Mysite.verizon.net |access-date=27 May 2009 }}</ref> The Aero's in-gear acceleration was strongly emphasised, and period advertising boasted, "The 5-speed Saab 9000 Aero will streak from 50 to 75 mph faster than a [[Ferrari Testarossa]] or a [[Porsche 964|Porsche Carrera 4]]."<ref name=":0" /> The Aero was discontinued in 1997 and its engine became available for all 9000 models for 1998. Total production numbers of the 9000 CS amounted to 174,525 units (34.7% of overall production).<ref name=":1" />

== One-offs ==

=== Convertible (prototype) ===
[[File:Saab 9000 cabriolet prototype.jpg|thumb|upright|Convertible prototype]]

A convertible version was constructed by Finnish company [[Valmet Automotive|Valmet]], the prototype version is currently on display at the [[Uusikaupunki car museum]] near the Valmet factory. Other experiments included fitting of the [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]] developed [[Ford SHO V6 engine]] most famously fitted to the [[Ford Taurus SHO]].<ref name = "Lund (2009), p. 77."/> This was vetoed by [[Saab-Scania]], Saab's owner at the time, as was the fitting of a [[VM Motori]] diesel engine which had been executed with the aim of increasing Saab's sales in central and southern Europe.<ref name = "Lund (2009), p. 78."/>

=== Prometheus (prototype) ===
In 1993, Saab experimented with steer-by-wire technology as part of the pan-European programme "Prometheus" (Programme for European Traffic with Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety). Their contribution to the programme consisted of a modified 9000 with the steering wheel replaced with a center-mounted joystick. This setup removed the risk of body and facial injury in the event of an accident. It also provided easier and cheaper airbag installation, as well as improved instrument panel visibility.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/motoring-will-the-joystick-take-the-joy-out-of-driving-roger-bell-surveys-an-initiative-designed-to-take-motoring-into-the-21st-century-1482588.html |title=Will the Joystick Take the Joy Out of Driving? Roger Bell Surveys an Initiative Designed to Take Motoring into the 21st Century |author=Bell, Roger |work=The Independent |date=3 July 1993 |access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> This prototype was tested by [[Jeremy Clarkson]] in an episode of ''[[Top Gear (1977 TV series)|Top Gear]]''; the segment was revisited in Series 18, Episode 5 of the ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]'' TV series, where Clarkson and [[James May]] paid tribute to the fallen automotive marque.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jalopnik.com/5948666/to-celebrate-saabs-bizarre-history-clarkson-and-may-must-drop-an-e30-bmw-from-a-crane |title=To Celebrate Saab's Bizarre History, Clarkson and May Must Drop an E30 BMW from a Crane |last = George | first = Patrick |publisher=[[Jalopnik]] |date=7 October 2012 |access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref>

=== MPV (prototype) ===
At a visit to the [[American Specialty Cars|American Sunroof Company]], who helped design the Saab 900 convertible, the engineers spotted the building of a minivan based on the Chrysler's K-car (later launched as [[Chrysler Voyager]]). Gunnar Larsson thought it was a neat idea and when he came home he asked the head of bodyworks Dick Ohlsson if they could do something like that based on the Saab 9000. "No problem", was the reply and a small team started working on it in secret. They used the 9000 platform but lengthened and with higher roof and room for seven persons (even if the rear seat was mostly suitable for children). The full-scale model was finished in May 1985, two months after the idea was first mooted.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.vibilagare.se/blogg/biltestarbloggen/avslojad-saabs-familjebuss-pa-9000-turbo-16 |title=Avslöjad! Saabs familjebuss på 9000 Turbo 16 |trans-title=Revealed! Saabs MPV on 9000 Turbo 16 basis |language=sv |journal=Vi Bilägare |date=15 October 2014 |access-date=8 November 2014 |publisher=OK Förlaget |first=Calle |last=Carlquist}}</ref>

=== Saab 9000 Limousine ===
British coachbuilder Coleman & Milne extended several Saab 9000s into stretch limousine versions.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

=== Saab 9000 Ecosport ===
The 9000 Ecosport was developed to be introduced at the 1992 [[Geneva Motor Show]]. It featured a {{cvt|280|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} engine and four-wheel drive. Saab had a finished car to show, posters and brochures were printed, but in the last moment General Motors stopped Saab from unveiling the car as they wanted [[Opel]] to be the first to present four-wheel drive. Saab had to quickly rebuild it as a front-wheel drive only car. The show car had some innovations like UV headlights and a more eco-friendly engine.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Söderholm |first1=Erik |title=Saab 9000 Ecosport med fyrhjulsdrift stoppades – av Opel |url=https://www.klassiker.nu/reportage/saab-9000-ecosport-med-fyrhjulsdrift-stoppades-av-opel |website=Klassiker |access-date=1 July 2024 |language=sv}}</ref>

== Engines ==
The Saab 9000 was available with a variety of naturally-aspirated and turbocharged engines. The range consisted mostly of the Saab 2.0 and 2.3 litre engines, but there was also the 3.0-litre V6 made by [[General Motors]]. One 9000 was fitted with a prototype [[Saab V8]] engine.

After the facelift in 1992 and as of 1993 (in most markets), the newly introduced two equipment series CS/CD and CSE/CDE could be combined with all available engines in the respective model years. This means that even a base CS could be ordered with the most powerful turbo engine. The face lifted CS models and the CD were available in MY 1992 in most countries with the same four engines which had also powered the former CC:
- the old B202 with and without the turbocharger, both known from the classic Saab 900
- the B234 with and without the turbocharger
This changed for 1993: on most international markets a 2.0 litre light pressure turbo (LPT) equipped engine called B204 with two balance shafts (like in the B234), became available on both CS and CD models. In these markets, this LPT engine gradually replaced the 2.3 litre naturally aspirated unit. Because Saab did not introduce the 2.0 litre LPT in the U.S., the LPT concept did not enter the U.S. market until 1994 with the 2.3 LPT, based on a re-designed B234 engine. Since then, the Saab 9000 has only been available in the U.S. with the three 2.3 litre turbo engines:
2.3 litre LPT: 170&nbsp;hp
2.3 litre FPT: 200&nbsp;hp
2.3 litre Aero: 225&nbsp;hp
The 9000 with this LPT engine had the best fuel economy of any large car in the U.S. in 1995.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugg6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP3 |title=Automotive Fuel Economy Program |date=1995 |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |language=en}}</ref> 
The background of the new B204 and re-designed B234 engine was that Saab needed a suitable engine for the upcoming [[Saab 900#Saab 900 NG (1994-1998)|900 NG]]. Since Saab was always under high-cost pressure, the new B204 were designed to fit both the new Saab 900/2 and the Saab 9000. So the new B234 without turbochargers and the B204 without turbochargers and as LPT and FPT were all used in both the 9000 and 900 NG.
There were two generations of the B234 engine in the 9000, one made from 1990-1993 (called "long block") and the other from 1994 to 1998 (called "short block"). The later motors had a revised oil sump system, cylinder-head, timing cover, and different bell housing pattern.

Therefore, over the years three different engine types developed by Saab itself which were available for the 9000: B202/B204/B234 (with the old B202 phased out on all markets from 1994). The B204 and B234 both came with and without the turbochargers which additionally split in so called LPT (low pressure turbo) and FPT (full pressure turbo). Till 1995, the LPT had the designation "Ecopower" on the cylinder head in some markets. From 1996 Saab used this designation "EcoPower" for all turbocharged engines and in general for the Saab turbo concept.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saab Ecopower Press Release - Saabnet.com |url=https://www.saabnet.com/tsn/models/1996/5449.html |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=www.saabnet.com}}</ref> Both systems used the same [[Garrett AiResearch|Garrett]] ''T25'' turbocharger with a base boost pressure of {{convert|0.4|bar|psi|0|abbr=on}}, but the FPT is equipped with a boost control valve that is manipulated by the ECU. This allows the boost pressure to be increased as the ECU sees fit. Maximum stock boost on a full pressure turbo varies from {{convert|0.7|to|1.02|bar|psi|0|abbr=on}} depending on the year and transmission.

For 1995 a 210&nbsp;hp three-litre V6, originating from General Motors and also found on the Opel (and Vauxhall) Omega, was introduced.
For MY 1996 the name “Ecopower” was now applied to all turbocharged engines regardless of FPT or LPT variants. The 2.3 litre fuel-injected engine (without turbocharger) was phased out.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Performance
!Model
!Code
!Type
!Displacement
!Power
!Torque
!0–100&nbsp;km/h (0-62&nbsp;mph) (seconds)
!Top speed
!Model year
!Description
|-
|2.0i
|B202
|[[Straight-four engine|I4]]
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|125-133|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|173|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|11.0
|{{Convert|190|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1986-1993
|MY 85-88: 125&nbsp;hp DIN (128 without cat); 
since MY 89: 128&nbsp;hp DIN (133 without cat)

always without DI; this engine was also used in the Saab 900
|-
|Turbo
|B202
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|160|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|260|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|8.9
|{{Convert|210|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1985-1988
|catalytic converter, without DI; also used in the Saab 900 Turbo 16, but never used in the 9000 CD; there was an official tuning kit supplied by special control units and optimized fuel injection to achieve 175 PS/173&nbsp;hp DIN
|-
|Turbo
|B202
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|163|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|265|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|8.9
|{{Convert|215|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1988-1991/1993
|Catalytic converter, with DI, phased out in some main markets already before MY 1992; there was an official tuning kit supplied by special control units and optimized fuel injection to achieve 175 PS/173&nbsp;hp
|-
|Turbo
|B202
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|175|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|270|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|8.3
|{{Convert|220|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1985-1991
|B202 turbo without catalytic converter; with and without DI
|-
|Turbo
|B202L
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|185|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|273|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|...
|...
|1988-1991
|B202 Turbo with an official tuning kit supplied by special control units and optimized fuel injection, available for engines with & without cat, installed in some sports models in some markets
|-
|Turbo
|B202L
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|195|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|290|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|...
|...
|1988
|B202 Turbo in special models; with & without catalytic converter, supplied by special control units and optimized fuel injection, installed in some sports models in some markets
|-
|Turbo
|B202XL
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|204|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|290|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|7.0
|{{Convert|245|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1989-1990
|B202 Turbo in special models f.e. French SP, UK Carlsson; no catalytic converter
|-
|2.0i-16
|B204i
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|130|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|173|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|11.0 (14.0)
|{{Convert|190|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1994-1996
|new engine, called "short block" with balance shafts
|-
|2.3i-16
|B234i
|I4
|2,290 cc
|{{convert|147-150|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|212|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|10.5 (12.5)
|{{Convert|205|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1990-1993
1994-1995
|"long block", always with balance shafts
"short block"; always with balance shafts
|-
|2.0t
|B204E
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|150|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|219|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|...
|...
|1994-1998
|LPT (Low Pressure Turbo), EcoPower, with balance shafts
|-
|2.3t
|B234E
|I4
|2,290 cc
|{{convert|170|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{Convert|260|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
|...
|...
|1994-1998
|LPT, EcoPower, with balance shafts
|-
|2.3T
|B234L
|I4
|2,290 cc
|{{convert|195-200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|323|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|8.0
|{{Convert|230|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1991-1993
1994-1998
|FPT (Full Pressure Turbo) "long block" with balance shafts
FPT  "short block" with balance shafts
|-
|2.3T
|B234L
|I4
|2,290 cc
|{{convert|195|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|296|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|8.5
|{{Convert|225|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1991-1993
1994-1998
|FPT automatic with reduced torque
|-
|2.3 Turbo Carlsson/Talladega
|B234R
|I4
|2,290 cc
|{{convert|220|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|334|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|7.4
|{{Convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1992
|special model, manual transmission only
|-
|2.3 Turbo Aero
|B234R
|I4
|2,290 cc
|{{convert|225|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}; {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|342|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}; {{cvt|294|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|6.7, 8.5
|{{Convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}}; {{Convert|235|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1993-1997
|manual transmission; 
automatic transmission with reduced torque
|-
|2.0T (Aero)
|B204L
|I4
|1,985 cc
|{{convert|185|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|263|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} 
|
|
|1994-1998
|FPT, official only available in some countries, where the B234L/R was not offered, f.e. Italy ("Italo Aero")
|-
|3.0 V6 (GM)
|B308
|[[V6 engine|V6]]
|2,962 cc
|{{convert|210|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{cvt|270|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
|8.0
|{{Convert|230|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|1995-1997
|
|}

== Production figures ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Production<ref name=":1" />
|-
| 1984 || 470
|-
| 1985 || 13,721
|-
| 1986 || 34,816
|-
| 1987 || 49,081
|-
| 1988 || 52,199
|-
| 1989 || 49,556
|-
| 1990 || 45,648
|-
| 1991 || 45,533
|-
| 1992 || 45,906
|-
| 1993 || 37,384
|-
| 1994 || 32,196
|-
| 1995 || 36,844
|-
| 1996 || 32,992
|-
| 1997 || 24,201
|-
| 1998 || 2,540
|-
| '''Total''' || '''503,087'''
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite journal |first=Eric |last=Lund |date=January 2009 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url=http://www.klassiker.nu/sites/klassiker.nu/files/documents/2010/02/9000_the_story.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306140845/http://www.klassiker.nu/sites/klassiker.nu/files/documents/2010/02/9000_the_story.pdf |title=Klassiker: Saab 9000 Turbo 16 |language=sv |journal=Automobil |location=Stockholm, Sweden |ref=Lund (2009) |url-status=live}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}

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[[Category:Saab vehicles|9000]]
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