View source for Saint-Malo

{{Other uses|Saint Malo (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox French commune
| name                    = Saint-Malo
| native name             = {{native name|mis|paren=no|Saent-Malô}} ([[Gallo language|Gallo]])<br>{{native name|br|Sant-Maloù}}
| commune status          = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
| image flag              = Drapeau de Saint-Malo (20è siècle).svg
| image flag size         = 
| image coat of arms      = Blason ville fr Saint-Malo.svg
| image coat of arms size = 
| city motto              = 
| image                   = Saintmalo.jpg
| caption                 = Walled city
| coordinates             = {{Wikidatacoord|Q163108|type:city(46,000)_region:FR-35|display=inline,title}}
| arrondissement          = Saint-Malo
| canton                  = [[Canton of Saint-Malo-1|Saint-Malo-1]] and [[Canton of Saint-Malo-2|2]]
| INSEE                   = 35288
| postal code             = 35400
| mayor                   = [[Gilles Lurton]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503 |website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises |date=2 December 2020 |language=fr |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628030259/https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| term                    = 2020–2026
| party                   = 
| intercommunality        = [[Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Saint-Malo|CA Pays de Saint-Malo]]
| elevation m             = 8
| elevation min m         = 0
| elevation max m         = 51
| area km2                = 36.58
| population              = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population date         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| website                 = 
}}

'''Saint-Malo''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|s|æ̃|_|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|oʊ}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/St+Malo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827005440/https://www.dictionary.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 August 2022 |title=St Malo |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|s|æ̃|_|m|ə|ˈ|l|oʊ}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Saint-Malo |access-date=26 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Saint-Malo|access-date=26 August 2019 }}</ref> {{IPA|fr|sɛ̃ malo|lang|Fr-Paris--Saint-Malo.ogg}}; [[Gallo language|Gallo]]: {{lang|fr-gallo|Saent-Malô}}; {{Langx|br|Sant-Maloù}}) is a historic French port commune in [[Ille-et-Vilaine]], [[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]].

The [[Defensive wall|walled]] city on the [[English Channel]] coast has a long history of [[Piracy|piracy]], earning much wealth from local extortion and overseas adventures. In 1944, during [[World War II]], the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] heavily bombed Saint-Malo. The city became a popular tourist centre, with a ferry terminal serving the [[Channel Islands]] of [[Jersey]] and [[Guernsey]], as well as the [[Southern England|Southern English]] settlements of [[Portsmouth]], [[Hampshire]] and [[Poole]], [[Dorset]].

The transatlantic single-handed yacht race [[Route du Rhum]], which takes place every four years in November, is between Saint Malo and [[Pointe-à-Pitre]] in [[Guadeloupe]].

==Population==
The population in 2017 was 46,097<ref name=pophist/> &ndash; though this can increase to up to 300,000 in the summer tourist season. With the suburbs included, the metropolitan area's population is approximately 133,000 (2017).<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-088 Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Saint-Malo (088)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306105152/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-088 |date=6 March 2023 }}, INSEE</ref>

The population of the commune more than doubled in 1967 with the merging of three communes: Saint-Malo, [[Saint-Servan]] (population 14,963 in 1962) and [[Paramé]] (population 8,811 in 1962).

Inhabitants of Saint-Malo are called ''Malouins'' in French.<ref name=Hince>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Hince |first=Bernadette |title=The Antarctic Dictionary |year=2001 |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |location=Collingwood, Melbourne |isbn=978-0-9577471-1-1 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJd8_owUxFEC&pg=PA121 |entry=Falkland Islands |access-date=6 August 2024 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004141327/https://books.google.com/books?id=lJd8_owUxFEC&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref> The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Saint-Malo proper in its geography for the given years.<ref name=ehess/>

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|33086|Saint-Malo }}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-35288#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720115243/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-35288#ancre-POP_T1 |date=20 July 2022 }}, INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |10730
|1800 |9147
|1806 |9934
|1821 |9949
|1831 |9981
|1836 |9744
|1841 |10053
|1846 |10076
|1851 |9997
|1856 |10809
|1861 |10886
|1866 |10693
|1872 |12316
|1876 |10295
|1881 |11212
|1886 |10500
|1891 |11896
|1896 |11476
|1901 |11486
|1906 |10647
|1911 |12371
|1921 |12390
|1926 |13137
|1931 |12864
|1936 |13836
|1946 |11311
|1954 |14339
|1962 |17137
|1968 |42297
|1975 |45030
|1982 |46347
|1990 |48057
|1999 |50675
|2007 |48563
|2012 |44620
|2017 |46097
}}

==History==
[[File:St Malo, Ville Close.jpg|thumb|St Malo, painted {{Circa|1900}} by Emil Krause]]

=== Before World War II ===
Founded by [[Gaul]]s in the 1st century BC, the ancient town on the site of Saint-Malo was known as the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] '''Reginca''' or '''Aletum'''. By the late 4th century AD, the [[Saint-Servan]] district was the site of a major [[Saxon Shore]] [[promontory fort]] that protected the [[Rance (river)|Rance]] [[estuary]] from seaborne raiders from beyond the frontiers. According to the ''[[Notitia Dignitatum]]'', the fort was garrisoned by the ''militum Martensium'' under a ''dux'' (commander) of the ''Tractus Armoricanus et Nervicanus'' section of the ''litus Saxonicum''. During the decline of the [[Western Roman Empire]], [[Armorica]] (modern-day Brittany) rebelled from Roman rule under the [[Bagaudae]] and in the 5th and 6th centuries received many [[Celtic Britons]] fleeing instability across the Channel. The modern Saint-Malo traces its origins to a [[monastic]] settlement founded by [[Saint Aaron]] and [[Saint Brendan]] early in the sixth century. Its name is derived from a man said to have been a follower of [[Brendan the Navigator]], [[Saint Malo (saint)|Saint Malo or Maclou]], an immigrant from what is now [[Wales]].

Saint-Malo is the setting of [[Marie de France]]'s poem "[[Laüstic]]," a 12th-century love story. The city had a tradition of asserting its autonomy in dealings with the French authorities and even with the local Breton authorities.

From 1590 to 1594, Saint-Malo declared itself to be an independent republic, when ''''la république de Saint-Malo'''' (Saint Malo Republic) functioned as a de facto [[city-state]], and from whence the town takes its defiant motto "not French, not Breton, but Malouin" (‘''Ni Français, ni Breton, Malouin suis''’).<ref>S. and J. Beaulieu, ''Saint-Malo et l'histoire'', pp.&nbsp;10 to 32</ref>
[[File:Map Saint-Malo.jpg|thumb|left|Old map of Saint-Malo]]

Saint-Malo became notorious as the home of the [[French corsairs|corsairs]], French [[privateers]] and sometimes [[pirate]]s. In the 19th century, this "piratical" notoriety was portrayed in [[Jean Richepin]]'s play ''Le flibustier'' and in [[César Cui]]'s [[Le flibustier (opera)|eponymous opera]]. The corsairs of Saint-Malo not only forced English ships passing up the Channel to pay tribute but also brought wealth from further afield. [[Jacques Cartier]] lived in, and sailed from, Saint-Malo to the [[Saint Lawrence River]], visiting the villages of [[Stadacona]] and [[Hochelaga (village)|Hochelaga]] that would later become the sites of present-day [[Quebec City]] and [[Montreal]] respectively. As the first European to encounter these sites and learning the local word "Kanata" (meaning a group of houses), Cartier is credited as the discoverer of [[Canada]].

Inhabitants of Saint-Malo are called ''Malouins'' in French. From this came the Spanish name ''[[Falkland Islands|Islas Malvinas]]'' for the [[archipelago]] known in English as the Falkland Islands. Islas Malvinas derives from the 1764 name ''Îles Malouines'', given to the islands by [[Kingdom of France|French]] explorer [[Louis-Antoine de Bougainville]].<ref name=Hince/> Bougainville, who founded the archipelago's first settlement, named the islands after the inhabitants of Saint-Malo, the point of departure for his ships and colonists.<ref name=Hince/>

In 1758, the [[Raid on St Malo|Raid on Saint-Malo]] saw a British expedition land, intending to capture the town. However, the British made no attempt on Saint-Malo and instead occupied the nearby town of Saint-Servan, where they destroyed 30 privateers before departing.

===World War II===
{{main|Battle of Saint-Malo}}
[[File:Bombing of Saint-Malo in August 1944.jpg|thumb|An air raid on Saint-Malo during August 1944]]
In [[World War II]], during fighting in late August and early September 1944, the historic walled city of Saint-Malo was almost totally destroyed by American shelling and bombing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/culture/histoire/les-grandes-dates/#googtrans/fr/en |title=Key Dates |website=Saint-Malo official website |access-date=12 October 2014 |archive-date=19 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819043452/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/culture/histoire/les-grandes-dates/#googtrans/fr/en |url-status=dead}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.angelfire.com/va2/worldwar2family/rolland2.html |title=Brittany Campaign - Rolland Despres, 4th platoon, B Company, 1 Bn, 331st IR, 83rd Infantry Division |website=[[Angelfire]] }}</ref> The beaches of nearby [[Dinard]] had been heavily fortified against possible Allied commando raids. Artillery at the two locations provided mutual support. The fortification complex was garrisoned by more than twelve thousand German troops from different services and units as well as stragglers from other battles in the [[Cotentin Peninsula|Cotentin]]. About eight thousand Germans were in Saint-Malo itself when the battle began.<ref name="blumensonbreakout">{{cite book |last=Blumenson |first=Martin |title=Breakout and Pursuit: U.S. Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations |publisher=Whitman Publishing; Har/Map edition |date=20 November 2012 |isbn=978-0794837679 }}</ref>

Colonel [[Andreas von Aulock]], the German commander, refused to surrender when asked to do so by the town's authorities. He said he "would defend St. Malo to the last man even if the last man had to be himself".

The first American attack was launched by the [[U.S. 83rd Infantry Division|83rd Infantry Division]] on 5 August 1944. German positions at [[Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine|Châteauneuf]] quickly fell. [[Cancale]] was abandoned and occupied by the Americans on the 6th. In the same way and on the same day, [[Dinan]] fell to [[Free France|Free French]] forces. The Germans shortened their lines and drew closer to the ancient citadel at [[St. Servan-sur-Mer]], now reinforced with concrete.

Effective German artillery emplacements on the island of [[Cezembre]] were out of reach of American ground forces. German garrisons on the Channel Islands of [[Jersey]], [[Guernsey]], and [[Alderney]] were able to use small craft to bring in water and remove the wounded from the battle.<ref name="blumensonbreakout"/>

On 13 August, the walled city was on fire and a short truce was declared to allow French civilians to flee the city. Outlying German positions at St. Ideuc and La Varde fell to infantry attacks. This fighting ended resistance on the north shore of the peninsula. Only the citadel remained. Surrounded by American artillery and under frequent air attack, this last holdout surrendered on the afternoon of 17 August.

Cezembre surrendered on 2 September when the three-hundred-man garrison ran out of drinking water. The Americans had taken more than ten thousand prisoners during the two-week fight, von Aulock among them.<ref name="blumensonbreakout"/>

===Post-war===

Saint-Malo was rebuilt over a 12-year period from 1948 to 1960.

It is a [[subprefecture]] of the [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]. The commune of Saint-Servan was merged with Paramé, and became the commune of Saint-Malo in 1967.

Saint-Malo was the site of an Anglo-French summit in 1998 that led to a [[Saint-Malo declaration|significant agreement]] regarding [[European Security and Defence Policy|European defence policy]].

== Climate ==
The [[Gulf of Saint-Malo]] has an oceanic temperate climate. Temperatures are softened by the [[Gulf Stream]] and the range of average temperatures between winter and summer is very low (from 6.1°C in January to 17.8°C in August) with an average temperature of 11.6°C.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|location =  Saint-Malo ([[Dinard]]) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–present)
|Jan record high C = 16.4
|Feb record high C = 20.9
|Mar record high C = 23.7
|Apr record high C = 27.1
|May record high C = 29.2
|Jun record high C = 35.5
|Jul record high C = 40.0
|Aug record high C = 39.4
|Sep record high C = 33.1
|Oct record high C = 28.9
|Nov record high C = 20.6
|Dec record high C = 17.6
|Jan record low C = -13.7
|Feb record low C = -11.7
|Mar record low C = -6.2
|Apr record low C = -2.8
|May record low C = -0.2
|Jun record low C = 3.6
|Jul record low C = 6.7
|Aug record low C = 5.0
|Sep record low C = 2.3
|Oct record low C = -4.2
|Nov record low C = -5.9
|Dec record low C = -9.6
|Jan high C = 9.1
|Feb high C = 9.8
|Mar high C = 12.2
|Apr high C = 14.5
|May high C = 17.3
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 22.1
|Aug high C = 22.3
|Sep high C = 20.3
|Oct high C = 16.5
|Nov high C = 12.4
|Dec high C = 9.7
| year high C = 15.5
|Jan mean C = 6.5
|Feb mean C = 6.7
|Mar mean C = 8.5
|Apr mean C = 10.3
|May mean C = 13.2
|Jun mean C = 16.0
|Jul mean C = 17.8
|Aug mean C = 18.0
|Sep mean C = 16.0
|Oct mean C = 13.1
|Nov mean C = 9.5
|Dec mean C = 6.9
| year mean C = 11.9
|Jan low C = 3.8
|Feb low C = 3.6
|Mar low C = 4.9
|Apr low C = 6.2
|May low C = 9.1
|Jun low C = 11.8
|Jul low C = 13.6
|Aug low C = 13.7
|Sep low C = 11.8
|Oct low C = 9.7
|Nov low C = 6.5
|Dec low C = 4.2
| year low C = 8.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 64.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 56.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 47.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 53.9
|May precipitation mm = 56.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 46.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 58.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 60.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 81.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 89.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 85.5
|year precipitation mm = 752.0
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 11.8
| Feb precipitation days = 11.3
| Mar precipitation days = 10.1
| Apr precipitation days = 10.4
| May precipitation days = 9.0
| Jun precipitation days = 8.4
| Jul precipitation days = 7.6
| Aug precipitation days = 9.0
| Sep precipitation days = 9.4
| Oct precipitation days = 13.1
| Nov precipitation days = 14.0
| Dec precipitation days = 13.8
| year precipitation days =127.9
|Jan snow days = 1.7
|Feb snow days = 2.5
|Mar snow days = 1.4
|Apr snow days = 0.6
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.3
|Dec snow days = 1.4
|year snow days = 7.9
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 81
|Mar humidity = 79
|Apr humidity = 79
|May humidity = 79
|Jun humidity = 81
|Jul humidity = 81
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 82
|Oct humidity = 85
|Nov humidity = 84
|Dec humidity = 85
|year humidity = 81.8
|Jan sun = 68.7
|Feb sun = 91.2
|Mar sun = 132.7
|Apr sun = 178.9
|May sun = 202.6
|Jun sun = 207.5
|Jul sun = 220.7
|Aug sun = 201.4
|Sep sun = 170.1
|Oct sun = 114.2
|Nov sun = 79.6
|Dec sun = 65.8
|year sun = 1733.4
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=35228001
|title=Normales et records pour Dinard (35)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (humidity, snowy days 1961–1990)<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web |url=http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07125-dinard-st-malo.html |title=Normes et records 1961-1990: Dinard - St Malo (35) - altitude 58m |language=fr |publisher=Infoclimat |access-date=11 December 2014 |archive-date=27 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827075954/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07125-dinard-st-malo.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|date=December 2014
}}

== Politics ==
Saint-Malo is part of [[Ille-et-Vilaine's 7th constituency]], and is currently represented in the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] by [[The Republicans (France)|Republicans]] [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]], [[Jean-Luc Bourgeaux]].

== Education ==
=== Schools ===
Schools include:
* 13 public preschools (''écoles maternelles'')<ref name=Preschool>"[http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/ecoles-maternelles-publiques/ Écoles maternelles publiques] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011234130/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/ecoles-maternelles-publiques/ |date=11 October 2016 }}." Saint-Malo. Retrieved on 6 September 2016.</ref>
* 11 public elementary schools<ref>"[http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/ecoles-elementaires-publiques/ Écoles élémentaires publiques] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012000649/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/ecoles-elementaires-publiques/ |date=12 October 2016 }}." Saint-Malo. Retrieved on 6 September 2016.</ref>
* 8 private preschools and elementary schools<ref>"[http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/ecoles-privees-elementaires-et-maternelles/ Écoles privées élémentaires et maternelles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813030213/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/ecoles-privees-elementaires-et-maternelles/ |date=13 August 2016 }}." Saint-Malo. Retrieved on 6 September 2016.</ref>
* 3 public collèges: Chateaubriand, Duguay-Trouin, and Charcot<ref>"[http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/colleges/colleges-publics/ Collèges publics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012004023/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/colleges/colleges-publics/ |date=12 October 2016 }}." Saint-Malo. Retrieved on 6 September 2016.</ref>
* 3 private junior high schools: Choisy Jeanne d'Arc, Moka, and Sacré-Cœur<ref>"[http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/colleges/colleges-prives/ Collèges privés] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011235340/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/colleges/colleges-prives/ |date=11 October 2016 }}." Saint-Malo. Retrieved on 6 September 2016.</ref>
* 3 public senior high schools: Lycée Maupertuis, Lycée Jacques Cartier, Professional Maritime Lycée Les Rimains<ref>"[http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/lycees/lycees-publics/ Lycées publics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818165547/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/lycees/lycees-publics/ |date=18 August 2016 }}." Saint-Malo. Retrieved on 6 September 2016.</ref>
* 2 private senior high schools: Lycée Institution Saint Malo-La Providence and Les Rimains<ref>"[http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/lycees/lycees-prives/ Lycées privés] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011234551/http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr/enseignement/les-etablissements/lycees/lycees-prives/ |date=11 October 2016 }}." Saint-Malo. Retrieved on 6 September 2016.</ref>

=== Higher education ===
* [[Institute of technology of Saint-Malo|Institute of Technology of Saint-Malo]]
* A nurse school
* A maritime school

==Transport==
Saint-Malo has a terminal for ferry services with daily departures to [[Portsmouth]] and on most days, departures to [[Poole]] via [[Guernsey]], all operated by [[Brittany Ferries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brittany-ferries.co.uk/ferry-routes/ferries-france/portsmouth-st-malo |title=Portsmouth to St Malo |publisher=Brittany Ferries |access-date=12 January 2015 |archive-date=9 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109195944/http://www.brittany-ferries.co.uk/ferry-routes/ferries-france/portsmouth-st-malo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.condorferries.co.uk/destinations/stmalo.aspx |title=St. Malo destination guides |publisher=Condor Ferries |access-date=9 July 2013 |archive-date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719185930/http://www.condorferries.co.uk/destinations/stmalo.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> [[DFDS Seaways]] operates a service most days to [[Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dfds.com/en-gb/passenger-ferries/ferry-crossings/ferries-to-jersey/st-malo-jersey | title=St Malo to Jersey Ferry Crossings &#124; Ferries to Jersey &#124; DFDS }}</ref> It also has a railway station, [[Gare de Saint-Malo]], offering direct [[TGV]] service to Rennes, Paris and several regional destinations. There is a bus service provided by Keolis. The town is served by the [[Dinard–Pleurtuit–Saint-Malo Airport]] around {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=off}} to the south.

==Sites of interest==
[[File:StMaloBeach.JPG|thumb|Beach at low tide in Saint-Malo]]
[[File:Saint-Malo mairie.jpg|thumb|[[Château de Saint-Malo]]]]

Now inseparably attached to the [[mainland]], Saint-Malo is the most visited place in Brittany. Sites of interest include:

* The walled city (''La Ville Intra-Muros'')
* The [[Château de Saint-Malo]], part of which accommodates the town museum and the Hôtel de Ville (town hall)<ref>{{Base Mérimée|PA00090801}}</ref>
* The [[Solidor Tower]] in Saint-Servan is a 14th-century building that holds a collection tracing the history of voyages around [[Cape Horn]]. Many [[scale models]], [[nautical instrument]]s and objects made by the sailors during their crossing or brought back from foreign ports invoke thoughts of travel aboard extraordinary [[tall ship]]s at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.
* The tomb of the writer [[François-René de Chateaubriand|Chateaubriand]] on the Ile du [[Grand Bé]]
* The [[Petit Bé]]
* The [[Cathedral]] of [[Vincent Ferrer|St. Vincent]] ([[Saint-Malo Cathedral]])
* The Privateer's House ("La Demeure de Corsaire"), a ship-owner's town house built in 1725, shows objects from the history of privateering, weaponry and ship models.
* The [[Great Aquarium Saint-Malo]], one of the major aquaria in France.
* The labyrinthe du Corsaire (an attraction park in Saint Malo)
* The Pointe de la Varde, Natural Park
* The City of Alet, in front of Saint Malo Intra Muros
* [[Fort National]]
* [[Fort de la Conchée]]
* Bon-Secours tidal swimming pool
{{clear}}

==Panoramic photographs==

[[File:S1 mal0.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panoramic view from the tidal island [[Grand Bé]] during low tide]]
[[File:Saint Malo from Dinard, France - July 2011.jpg|thumb|center|800px|View of the walled city from the south-west]]
[[File:Saint-Malo Panorama Remparts Walled City Altstadt mit Stadtmauern Bastion St Philippe Kathedrale St Vincent Foto 2017 Wolfgang Pehlemann P1170149.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panoramic view of the old walled city with bastion St. Philippe (left) and cathedrale St Vincent from the south]]
[[File:La Cité - Cap-Hornier - les Corbières - Quai Sébastopol Musée Saint-Malo Foto 2017 Wolfgang Pehlemann DSC05184.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panoramic view of La Cité, Cap-Hornier, les Corbières at the Quai Sébastopol from the south]]

==Notable people==
[[File:St-Malo Tombe Chateaubriand 2010.jpg|thumb|[[François-René de Chateaubriand]]'s grave, on ''Rocher du [[Grand Bé]]'']]

Saint-Malo was the birthplace of:<!-- Please respect chronological order -->
* [[Jacques Cartier]] (1491–1557), [[List of explorers|explorer]] of [[Canada]]
* [[Jacques Gouin de Beauchene]] (1652–1730), [[List of explorers|explorer]] of the [[Falkland Islands]]
* [[René Duguay-Trouin]] (1673–1736), French corsair and Admiral who captured the city of [[Rio de Janeiro]] in 1711
* [[Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis]] (1698–1759), [[mathematician]] and [[astronomer]]
* [[Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais]] (1699–1753), sailor and administrator
* [[Julien Offray de La Mettrie]] (1709–1751), physician and [[philosopher]]
* [[Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne]] (1724–1772), [[explorer]]
* [[Joseph Quesnel]] (1746–1809), Canadian [[poet]], [[composer]] and [[playwright]]
* [[Louis de Grandpré]] (1761–1846), French Navy officer and slave trader<ref name=NAC>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sgIdynov40oC&pg=PA410 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge |publisher=Nabu Press |author1=Ripley, George |author2=Dana, Charles Anderson |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |pages=410–411 |isbn=978-1146913317 |volume=8 }}</ref>
* [[François-René de Chateaubriand]] (1768–1848), writer and diplomat
* [[Robert Surcouf]] (1773–1827), sailor, [[merchant|trader]], [[ship-owner]] and [[French corsairs|corsair]]
* [[Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais]] (1782–1854), priest, philosophical and political writer
* [[Jean-Marie Duhamel]] (1797–1872), mathematician and physicist
* [[Louis Duchesne]] (1843–1922), historian, French academician
* [[Louis Bachelier]] (1870–1946), mathematician
* [[Alfred Blunt]] (1879–1957), [[Church of England|Anglican]] [[Bishop of Bradford (diocese)|Bishop of Bradford]], England, was born at St Malo of British expatriate parents and brought up there until the family returned to England in 1887.
* [[St Mary's Independent School, Southampton|Pierre Allory]] - Rev Brother Maurice (1884–1988) of the [[Brothers of Christian Instruction]], teacher and highly decorated during WWI in Medical Corp
* [[Philippe Cattiau]] (1892–1962), [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists|Olympic medalist]] in [[fencing]]
* [[Colin Clive]] (1900–1937), actor
* [[Jean Lebrun]] (born 1950), journalist and radio producer
* [[Agnès Martin-Lugand]] (born 1979), best-seller novelist
* [[Franck Mailleux]] (born 1985), racing driver

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

Saint-Malo is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=yes}}
* {{flagicon|MRI}} [[Port-Louis]], Mauritius (1999)
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gaspé, Quebec]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Saint-Malo, Quebec]]
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[St. Malo, Manitoba]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Cowes]], Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Gniezno]], Poland<ref>{{cite web |title=International collaboration |url=http://gniezno.eu/strona32wqf435ge/content/view/1588/203/1/3/ |work=gmiezno.eu |publisher=Gniezno |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821215343/http://www.gniezno.eu/strona32wqf435ge/content/view/1588/203/1/3/ |url-status=live |last1=Pl |first1=Idcom }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

== In popular culture ==

Saint-Malo is one of the main settings in the 2014 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel ''[[All the Light We Cannot See]]'' by [[Anthony Doerr]], and was a filming location for the Netflix [[All the Light We Cannot See (miniseries)|miniseries of the same name]].<ref name="radiotimes">{{cite news |last1=Cormack |first1=Morgan |title=Where is All the Light We Cannot See filmed? Location guide for Netflix drama |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/all-light-we-cannot-see-netflix-locations/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=Radio Times |date=2 November 2023 |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115223344/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/all-light-we-cannot-see-netflix-locations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Street in St Malo.jpg|Rue Saint-Vincent
File:Saint-Malo Novembre 2011 (10).jpg|From the fort of Saint-Malo
File:Saint-Malo Novembre 2011 (17).jpg|The "Fort National" visible from Saint-Malo
File:St Malo - view up street from on the ramparts, to the cathedral.jpg|View up a typical city street towards the cathedral
File:Saint-Malo cathedral window.jpg|Cathedral window
File:Saint-Malo remparts 001.JPG|The city wall of St Malo.
File:Cartier Plaque.JPG|Commemoration of the Cartier expedition in the floor of the cathedral
File:Large house in Saint-Malo.jpg |Houses in Saint-Malo
</gallery>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=yes}}
* [[Battle for Brest]]
* [[Jean-Marie Valentin]]
* [[Mont Saint-Michel]]
* [[Robert Surcouf]]
* [[Rothéneuf]]
* [[Shipwrecks of Saint Malo]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.ville-saint-malo.fr Town hall's website] {{in lang|fr}}
* {{Search Mérimée|35288}}
* [http://www.ksma.fr Public transport of Saint-Malo] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.st-malo.info Saint-Malo France] Independent travel guide to the historic city of Saint-Malo. {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.amf35.asso.fr Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114043504/http://www.amf35.asso.fr/ |date=14 January 2012 }} {{in lang|fr}}

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[[Category:Saint-Malo| ]]
[[Category:Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns on the French Atlantic coast]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in France]]