View source for Saint Croix

{{Short description|One of the main islands of the United States Virgin Islands}}
{{About|the island of Saint Croix in the Virgin Islands|other uses|St. Croix (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2010}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox islands
| name                            = Saint Croix
| image                           = 
| image_caption                   = 
| image_size                      = 
| image_map                       = 
| image_map_caption               = 
| native_name                     = 
| native_name_link                = 
| nickname                        = Twin City
| location                        = Caribbean
| pushpin_map                     = USA Virgin Islands#Lesser Antilles#Caribbean
| pushpin_label                   = 
| pushpin_label_position          = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt                 = 
| pushpin_relief                  = 1
| pushpin_map_caption             = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|17.733509|-64.783864|type:isle_globe:earth_region:VI|display=ti,inline}}
| archipelago                     = [[Virgin Islands]], [[Leeward Islands]]
| total_islands                   = 
| demonym                         = Crucian<br />Cruzan
| major_islands                   = 
| area_sqmi                       = 84{{efn|This is the figure reported by the government of the U.S. Virgin Islands on the [https://www.usvi.net/st-croix/ St. Croix] page of usvi.net. Other reliable sources report different figures. The [https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Croix article at the on-line edition of the ''Encyclopedia Britannica''] reports the area as 84 square miles. The [http://islands.unep.ch/IWY.htm#415 Virgin Islands (United States) page] at the [[United Nations Environment Programme]]'s Island Directory gives the area as 214.4 square kilometers, equivalent to 82.8 square miles. Although the U.S. Census Bureau does not report the areas of geographic entities, it does report their population densities (equal to the total population divided by the area). In the 2010 census, the population was reported as 50,601 (Table P1, "Total Population") and the population density was reported as 607.3 per square mile (Table P40, "Population Density"). Together, these figures imply an area of 83.3 square miles.}}
| length_mi                       = 22
| width_mi                        = 7
| highest_mount                   = Mount Eagle
| elevation_ft                    = 1165
| country                         = {{VIR}}
| country_admin_divisions_title   = [[Territories of the United States|Territory]]
| country_admin_divisions         = [[United States Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Districts and sub-districts of the United States Virgin Islands|District]]
| country_admin_divisions_1       = '''District of Saint Croix'''
| population                      = 41,004
| population_as_of                = 2020 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Island Areas Censuses: U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-us-virgin-islands.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=US Census Bureau}}</ref>
| density_sqmi                    = 488
| ethnic_groups                   = [[Afro-Caribbean]], [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]], [[White Americans|White]], [[Indians in the United States Virgin Islands|Indian]], [[Arab Americans|Arab]], [[Asian Americans|Asian]], [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]], [[Multiracial]]
| additional_info                 = 
}}

'''Saint Croix''' ({{IPAc-en|k|r|ɔɪ}} {{respell|KROY}}; {{langx|es|Santa Cruz}}; {{langx|nl|Sint-Kruis}}; {{langx|fr|Sainte-Croix}}; Danish and {{langx|no|Sankt Croix}}; {{langx|tnq|Ay Ay}}) is an island in the Caribbean, and a county and constituent [[Districts and sub-districts of the United States Virgin Islands|district]] of the [[United States Virgin Islands]] (USVI), an [[Unincorporated territories of the United States|unincorporated territory of the United States]].

St. Croix is the largest of the territory's islands. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 41,004.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=2020 Island Areas Censuses: U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-us-virgin-islands.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=US Census Bureau}}</ref> The island's highest point is [[Mount Eagle (U.S. Virgin Islands)|Mount Eagle]], at {{convert|355|m|sp=us}}. St. Croix's nickname is "Twin City", for its two towns, [[Frederiksted]] on the western end and [[Christiansted]] on the northeast part of the island.

==Name==
The island's indigenous [[Taíno|Taino]] name is [[List of indigenous names of Eastern Caribbean islands#Leeward Islands|''Ay Ay'']] ("the river").<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lands |first=United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Subcommittee on National Parks and Public |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3p_aNANtoQMC |title=St. Croix, Virgin Islands, Historical Park and Ecological Preserve |date=1992 |publisher= |isbn=978-0-16-039761-5 |publication-place=Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, September 24, 1991, Washington, D.C.. |page=103 |language=en}}</ref> Its indigenous [[Kalinago|Carib]] name is ''Cibuquiera'' ("the stony land").<ref name=":0" /> Its modern name, ''Saint Croix'', is derived from the French ''Sainte-Croix'', itself a translation of the Spanish name ''Isla de la Santa Cruz'' (meaning "island of the [[Christian cross|Holy Cross]]") given by [[Christopher Columbus]] in 1493.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Allsopp |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmvSk13sIc0C |title=Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage |last2=Allsopp |first2=Jeannette |date=2003 |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |isbn=978-976-640-145-0 |page=180 |language=en}}</ref> The French name was partially retained under Danish rule as ''Sankt Croix'', and the island was given its current spelling after the U.S. takeover in 1917. The associated [[demonym]] for the island is Crucian, derived from the original Spanish name.<ref name=":1" />

==History==
[[File:St Croix map.jpg|thumb|A 1754 Danish map of the island]]
[[File:Bark MARY og Frederiksted.jpg|thumb|Frederiksstad on Saint Croix, 1848]]
[[File:Mary´s Fancy, Saint Croix.jpg|thumb|Mary's Fancy plantation on Saint Croix, owned by [[George Ryan (Irish-Danish businessman)|George Ryan]]]]
[[File:H. K. H. Prins Valdemars Ankomst til Sankt Croix.jpg|thumb|[[Prince Valdemar of Denmark|Prince Valdemar]]'s arrival at St. Croix, 1879]]
[[File:Last Danish Parade at Saint Croix.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Flag of Denmark|Dannebrog]] being lowered at the Governor's Mansion for the last time (31 March 1917)]]

[[Igneri]] pottery indicates human presence on the island from 1–700 CE, followed by the [[Taíno]] from 700 to 1425, before the encroachment by the [[Island Caribs|Carib]]s in 1425; the island was uninhabited by 1590.<ref name=VINPS>{{cite book |title=U.S. Virgin Islands: a guide to national parklands in the United States Virgin Islands |year=1999 |publisher=Division of Publications, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-912627-68-9 |pages=81–99}}</ref>

Various indigenous groups inhabited the island during its prehistory. Columbus landed on Santa Cruz, as he called it, on 14 November 1493, and was immediately attacked by the [[Kalinago]], who lived at Salt River on the north shore. This is the first recorded fight between the Spanish and a [[New World]] native population, and Columbus gave the battle site the name ''Cabo de la Flecha'' (Cape of the Arrow).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morison|first1=Samuel|title=Admiral of the Ocean Sea|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185259|date=1942|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|location=Boston|isbn=0-316-58478-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185259/page/n419 414]–418}}</ref> The Spanish never colonized the Islands, but most or all of the native population was eventually dispersed or killed. By the end of the 16th century, the islands were said to be uninhabited.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hubbard|first1=Vincent|title=A History of St. Kitts|date=2002|publisher=Macmillan Caribbean|isbn=978-0-333-74760-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofstkitts00vinc/page/14 14]|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofstkitts00vinc/page/14}}</ref>

===Colonial period===
{{Main|Dutch Virgin Islands|||Hospitaller colonization of the Americas|French West India Company|Danish West Indies}}

Dutch and English settlers landed at Saint Croix in 1625, joined by some French refugees from [[Saint Kitts]]. The English expelled the Dutch and French settlers before they themselves were evicted by a Spanish invasion from [[Puerto Rico]] in August 1650.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|title=St. Croix: island, United States Virgin Islands|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Croix|access-date=April 20, 2021}}</ref> Around 1650, a French force attacked and established a colony of 300. From 1651 until 1664, the [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of Malta]] (at the time a [[vassal state]] of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]]) ruled the island in the name of [[Louis XIV]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> The island then passed to the [[French West India Company]]. The colony was evacuated to [[Hispaniola|Saint-Domingue]] in 1695, when France battled the English and Dutch in the [[Nine Years' War|War of the Grand Alliance]]. The island was then uninhabited and abandoned for another 38 years.<ref name="Westergaard">{{cite book|last1=Westergaard|first1=Waldemar|title=The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671–1754)|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.60691|date=1917|publisher=The Macmillan Company|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.60691/page/n252 206]–209, 222–225, 235, 243}}</ref>

In 1725, St. Thomas Governor [[Frederik Moth]] encouraged the Danish West Indies Company's directors to consider purchasing Santa Cruz (St. Croix). On 15 June 1733, France and [[Denmark-Norway]] concluded a treaty by which the [[Danish West India Company]] bought St. Croix for 750,000 [[Livre tournois|livres]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> [[Louis XV]] ratified the treaty on 28 June 1733 and received half the payment in French coins, with the remaining half paid in 18 months. On 16 November 1733, Moth was named St. Croix's first Danish governor. The 1742 census lists 120 sugar plantations, 122 cotton plantations, 1,906 slaves, and 360 whites. By 1754, slaves numbered 7,566. That year, King [[Frederick V of Denmark|Frederick]] took direct control of St. Croix from the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vinow.com/stcroix/history/ |title=Saint Croix, Virgin Islands: Facts & History |publisher=Vinow.com |access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=Westergaard/>

For nearly 200 years, St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John were the [[Danish West Indies]]. By the mid- to late 18th century, the peak of the plantation economy, St. Croix's enslaved population numbered between 18,000 and 20,000. The white population during this time ranged between 1,500 and 2,000.<ref>Loftsdóttir, Kristin, and Gísli Pálsson, "Black on White: Danish Colonialism, Iceland and the Caribbean", in Magdalena Naum and Jonas M. Nordin (eds), ''Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena'', Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology Volume, 37 (New York: Springer, 2013), pp. 37–52 (pp. 41–42). {{doi|10.1007/978-1-4614-6202-6_3}}.</ref>

Future [[Founding Fathers of the United States|American revolutionary leader]] [[Alexander Hamilton]] and his brother lived in Christiansted with their mother, Rachel Faucette, on St. Croix after she returned to the island in 1765. Their residence was in the upper floor of a house at 34 Company Street, while Rachel used the lower floor as a shop selling food items. Within two years, Hamilton lost his father, James Hamilton, by abandonment, and his mother to death. Official documents from the island, a 1768 probate court testimony from his uncle, established Alexander's age at 13. By 1769, Hamilton's cousin, aunt, uncle, and grandmother had also died. Alexander's brother James became an apprentice carpenter and Alexander became the ward of Thomas Stevens, a merchant on King Street. Hamilton was soon clerking in the export-import business of Beekman and Cruger at the intersection of King and King's Cross Streets. In 1772 a local businessmen funded Hamilton's further education in New York.<ref name="Chernow">{{cite book|last1=Chernow|first1=Ron|title=Alexander Hamilton|date=2004|publisher=The Penguin Press|location=New York|isbn=1-59420-009-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexanderhamilto00cher/page/16 16–17, 22–40]|url=https://archive.org/details/alexanderhamilto00cher/page/16}}</ref>

The slave trade was abolished in the Danish colonies in 1792, although the prohibition did not go into effect until 1802. Existing enslaved people were freed in 1848, after the [[1848 St. Croix Slave Revolt and emancipation in the Danish West Indies|1848 St. Croix Slave Revolt]], led by General "[[Buddhoe]]" Gottlieb.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.virgin-islands-history.org/en/timeline/the-slave-rebellion-on-st-croix-and-emancipation/|title=The slave rebellion on St. Croix and Emancipation|website=The Danish West-Indies – Sources of history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216121514/https://www.virgin-islands-history.org/en/timeline/the-slave-rebellion-on-st-croix-and-emancipation/|archive-date=2018-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/historical-themes/danish-colonies/the-danish-west-indies/the-abolition-of-slavery/|title=Danish West Indies – The Abolition of Slavery|website=National Museum of Denmark|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924175409/https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/historical-themes/danish-colonies/the-danish-west-indies/the-abolition-of-slavery/|archive-date=2019-09-24}}</ref>

The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] occupied the Danish West Indies in March 1801, with the arrival of a British fleet at St. Thomas. Denmark-Norway accepted the Articles of Capitulation and the British occupied the islands without a shot being fired. The occupation lasted until April 1802, when Britain returned the islands to Denmark-Norway.

The British [[Invasion of the Danish West Indies (1807)|invaded the Danish West Indies]] again in December 1807. A British fleet captured St. Thomas on 22 December and St. Croix on 25 December. Denmark-Norway did not resist and the invasion again was bloodless. This occupation lasted until 20 November 1815. Both invasions were due to Denmark's alliance with France during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. Upon the conclusion of a peace with France, the islands were returned to Denmark.

===As a United States territory===
The [[1878 St. Croix labor riot]] shook the island. In 1916, Denmark sold St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John to the U.S., formalizing the transfer in the [[Treaty of the Danish West Indies]], in exchange for $25&nbsp;million in gold. In a national [[1916 Danish West Indian Islands sale referendum|referendum]] on the issue, 64.2% of Danish voters approved the sale. In an unofficial [[1916 Danish West Indies status referendum|referendum]] held in the islands, 99.83% voted in favor of the purchase. Formal transfer of the islands to the U.S. took place on 1 April 1917.

St. Croix's inhabitants were granted U.S. citizenship in 1927. The island industrialized and moved away from an agrarian society in the 1960s. The 1972 [[Fountain Valley massacre]], a [[mass shooting]] during a robbery at a golf club, led to a devastating reduction in tourism that lasted many years. In 1989, [[Hurricane Hugo]] struck the island with Category 4 winds. The [[United States Army]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], and the [[United States Marshals Service]] were brought in to restore order.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/22/us/troops-find-looting-and-devastation-on-st-croix.html|title=Troops Find Looting and Devastation on St. Croix|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Schmalz|date=September 22, 1989|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hurricane Hugo Haunts Virgin Islands|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/hurricane/archives/hugo89a.htm|date=October 31, 1989}}</ref>

The 2012 shutdown of the Hovensa refinery resulted in the loss of many jobs. Agriculture has seen a slow resurgence, due to an increase in demand for local produce and agricultural products. Category 5 [[Hurricane Maria]]'s weaker outer eyewall crossed St. Croix in 2017; sustained winds reached over 150&nbsp;mph and gusted up to 250&nbsp;mph in some places on the island's western end. Maria damaged or destroyed 70% of St. Croix's buildings, including schools and the only hospital.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==Geography==
[[File:St. Croix geologic map.png|thumb|Saint Croix [[geological map]], where Km is the [[Cretaceous]] Mt. Eagle Group, Kd is Cretaceous [[diorite]], Kg is Cretaceous [[gabbro]], Tbf is the [[Pliocene]] Blessing [[formation (geology)|Formation]], Tmb and Tlr are the [[Miocene]] King shall [[Limestone]], Qab is [[Quaternary]] [[alluvium]], and Qr is Quaternary reef.]]
[[File:Northwest, St Croix 00840, USVI - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Saint Croix coast]]
Saint Croix lies at {{Coord|17|45|N|64|45|W|}}. On the eastern tip of the island, [[Point Udall (U.S. Virgin Islands)|Point Udall]] is the [[List of extreme points of the United States#Easternmost points|easternmost point]] (by travel, not [[longitude]]) of the United States including [[insular area]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-17 |title=The Easternmost Point in North America Is Actually West of Alaska |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-easternmost-point-in-north-america-is-actually-west-of-alaska.html |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Easternmost National Park |url=https://www.npca.org/articles/2554-the-easternmost-national-park |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=National Parks Conservation Association |language=en}}</ref> The island's highest point, [[Mount Eagle (U.S. Virgin Islands)|Mount Eagle]], is {{Convert|1165|ft}} high.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sciences |first=New York Academy of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeOJSZH2jWEC&dq=The+island's+highest+point,+Mount+Eagle,+is+1,165+feet%C2%A0&pg=PA79 |title=Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands |date=1926 |publisher=The Academy |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Service |first=United States Soil Conservation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSsN0f5MZegC&dq=The+island's+highest+point,+Mount+Eagle,+is+1,165+feet%C2%A0&pg=PA1 |title=Soil Survey, Virgin Islands of the United States |date=1970 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en}}</ref> Most of the east end is quite hilly and steep,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Characteristics of St. Croix's East End |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/coris/library/NOAA/CRCP/other/other_crcp_publications/Watershed_USVI/stx_ee_existing_conditions/02_EE_Characteristics_110719.pdf |website=[[National Centers for Environmental Information]] (ncei.noaa.gov)}}</ref> as is the north side from [[Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands|Christiansted]] west. From the north-side hills, a fairly even plain slopes down to the south coast; this was cultivated as the island's prime sugar land.

The island has a land area of {{Convert|214.66|km2|abbr=on}},<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lz65zgpJXiYC&dq=st.+croix+82.88+sq+miles&pg=PA95 |title=U.S. Virgin Islands, 2000: 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Social, economic, and housing characteristics |date=2003 |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau |isbn=978-0-16-067821-9 |language=en}}</ref> making it the largest island of the U.S. Virgin Islands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Croix National Heritage Area (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/places/st-croix-national-heritage-area-place-page.htm |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> It has rugged terrain with diverse ecosystems, including [[subtropical rainforests]], [[coastal plain]]s, [[shrubland]]s, rocky hills, valleys, and beaches, and as well as [[coral reef]]s off the coast.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=St. Croix National Heritage Area (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/places/st-croix-national-heritage-area-place-page.htm |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, St. Croix was designated a [[National Heritage Area]]—the first National Heritage Area to be located in a [[U.S. Territory]].<ref name=":4" />

==Climate==
[[File:Saint Croix 2012 Wade 22.JPG|thumb|Beach on Saint Croix]]
St. Croix has a tropic to semi-arid climate.<ref name=":5" /> [[Trade winds]] blow along the length of the island year round.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chérubin |first1=Laurent Marcel |last2=Garavelli |first2=Lysel |date=2016-03-04 |title=Eastern Caribbean Circulation and Island Mass Effect on St. Croix, US Virgin Islands: A Mechanism for Relatively Consistent Recruitment Patterns |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |article-number=e0150409 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0150409 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4778804 |pmid=26942575|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1150409C }}</ref><ref name=":5" /> The temperature ranges from the mid-70s to high 80s Fahrenheit (mid-20s to low 30s Celsius),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barth |first=Kennedy |date=2022-07-18 |title=Best Time to Visit U.S. Virgin Islands – Travel Guide |url=https://tieronetravel.com/best-time-to-visit-u-s-virgin-islands-2024-travel-guide |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=TierOneTravel.com – Online Canadian Travel Agency {{!}} |language=en-CA}}</ref> with an average temperature of 80.2&nbsp;°F (26.8&nbsp;°C).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2q88d_8o-4C&dq=average+temperature+st+croix&pg=PA418 |title=United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Gulf of Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands |date=2000 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |language=en}}</ref> Average annual rainfall is around {{Convert|40|in}} per year, but rainfall varies by season and location on the island.

The hills of the western part of the island receive a good deal more rain than the east end,<ref name=":5" /> with annual rainfall ranging from 50 inches per year in the northwest to 25-38 inches per year in the east.<ref name=":5" /> The west end has lush vegetation and palm trees, while the east end of the island is a dry desert range with a substantial amount of cactus.

August to November is the [[wet season]] in the U.S. Virgin Islands, with the remainder of the year as the [[dry season]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.drought.gov/states/us-virgin-islands |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.drought.gov |publisher=National Integrated Drought Information System |language=en |publication-date=}}</ref> About 40% of the annual rainfall usually occurs from September to November.<ref name=":6" /> During the dry season, fairly severe and extended drought can be a problem for the island,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2024 |title=Drought Update for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.drought.gov/drought-status-updates/drought-update-puerto-rico-and-us-virgin-islands-2024-01-18 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.drought.gov |publisher=National Integrated Drought Information System |language=en}}</ref> particularly considering the scarcity of [[Fresh water|freshwater]] in the U.S. Virgin Islands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lancellotti |first1=Brittany V. |last2=Hensley |first2=David A. |date=2024 |title=The state of knowledge of freshwater resources in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Data scarcity and implications |journal=JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association |language=en |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=1270–1292 |doi=10.1111/1752-1688.13241 |bibcode=2024JAWRA..60.1270L |issn=1752-1688|doi-access=free }}</ref> St. Croix has a [[desalination]] plant,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water |url=https://cgtc-usvi.org/water |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Caribbean Green Technology Center |language=en-US}}</ref> but most residential homes and businesses have built-in [[cistern]]s used to collect rainwater.<ref name=":6" />

==Demographics==
Inhabitants are called '''Crucians''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|uː|ʒ|ən}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cruciandictionary.com/|title=Crucian Dictionary|website=cruciandictionary.com}}</ref> (frequently written as "Cruzans").

Due to St. Croix's history of immigration, there is much debate as to what constitutes a native Crucian. The consensus in Crucian society is anyone ''bahn ya'' ("born here" in Crucian dialect) on St. Croix can claim to be Crucian, but not necessarily a ''native Crucian''. People considered ''native Crucians'', or ''ancestral native Crucian''s, are those who can trace their ancestry to the era before Crucians were granted U.S. citizenship in 1927. Ancestral native Crucians (one-fourth to one-third of St. Croix's population) largely consist of the descendants of enslaved Africans brought to the island by Europeans during the 18th and 19th centuries and the descendants of paid laborers the Danes recruited from the British and Dutch West Indies after the Danish emancipation law in 1848. As on other Caribbean islands, many ancestral natives are also descended from European settlers and planters who migrated to the West Indies during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Due to a low number of European women in the colonial West Indies, many European men in colonial St. Croix had children with the majority African population, whose mixed-heritage descendants bear their European ancestors' surnames. There are also a handful of ancestral families on the island (traditionally known as ''bukra'') of [[White Caribbeans|full European ancestry]].

Due to historical economic and political differences, as well as the remnants of a 19th-century caste system based on skin complexion, socioeconomic class differences among ancestral native Crucians can vary widely, even within the same family. Most ancestral native Crucians today are employed by the Government of the Virgin Islands, while others are involved in the tourism industry and the legal and medical professions.

[[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] migration was prevalent in the 1930s, '40s and '50s, when many Puerto Ricans relocated to St. Croix for work after the collapse of the sugar industry. The total population declined by 50% in the century preceding 1945.<ref name="ForeignAffairs">{{cite magazine|last=Williams|first=Eric|date=1945-01-01|title=Race Relations in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands|volume=23|number=2|magazine=[[Foreign Affairs]]|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/puerto-rico/1945-01-01/race-relations-puerto-rico-and-virgin-islands|issn=0015-7120|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The United States Navy purchase of two-thirds of the nearby [[Vieques, Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican island of Vieques]] during World War II resulted in the displacement of thousands of ''Viequenses'', many of whom relocated to St. Croix because of its similar size and geography. The local holiday of Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands Friendship Day has been celebrated since the 1960s on the second Monday of October, the same date as [[Columbus Day]]. St. Croix's Puerto Ricans, most of whom have lived on the island for more than a generation, have kept their culture alive while integrating it into native Crucian culture and society. For example, in informal situations, many Puerto Ricans in St. Croix speak a [[Spanglish]]-like combination of [[Puerto Rican Spanish]] and [[Virgin Islands Creole|Crucian Creole English]].

Migration from "down-island" (a local colloquial term for islands in the [[Lesser Antilles]] to the east and southeast) occurred mainly in the 1960s and 70s. In that period, agriculture declined as St. Croix's major industry, replaced by tourism, [[alumina]] production, and oil refining. Jobs were plentiful in these industries and down-islanders came to St. Croix by the thousands. The demand for imported labor in St. Croix was exacerbated by the fact that many ancestral native Crucians, having acquired U.S. citizenship decades earlier, migrated to the mainland U.S. to pursue educational and career opportunities. Many down-islanders made St. Croix their permanent home, while others relocated to the mainland U.S. or returned to their native countries. Most down-islanders came from [[St. Kitts and Nevis]], [[Antigua]], [[St. Lucia]], and [[Dominica]], but people from every [[Anglophone Caribbean]] nation can be found on St. Croix. Down-islanders and their St. Croix-born offspring form most of St. Croix's middle class, which has dwindled in size since the 2008 global recession.

Down-island migration to St. Croix is most commonly thought of as a mid-20th century phenomenon brought upon by American immigration policy, but people of both European and African descent from the nearby islands of [[Anguilla]], [[Saint Martin (island)|St. Martin]], [[Sint Eustatius]], [[Saba (island)|Saba]], [[St. Kitts]], [[Nevis]], [[Antigua]], and [[Montserrat]] have been migrating to St. Croix since the 1600s. Many ancestral native Crucians also share family ties with [[Barbados]], as Bajans were heavily recruited to St. Croix to work on sugar plantations in the late 19th century.

Continental Americans, although small in number in comparison with Caribbean immigrants, have also been part of the St. Croix community. Most reside on the island's east end, and they tend to work in tourism, real estate, and legal professions. Many are [[Snowbird (person)|temporary residents]] or retirees.

[[Arab Palestinians]] have been an influential part of the local economy since the 1960s, when they first started to migrate to St. Croix to set up shops, supermarkets, and gas stations.

In the 21st century, waves of migration to St. Croix have included people from the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Haiti]], [[Jamaica]], the [[Philippines]], and various South American nations. St. Croix's history of migration has sometimes caused tensions between immigrants and Crucians whose ancestry on the island dates back for generations. Tensions have subsided to some extent in recent years, mainly due to intermarriage among Crucians and other Caribbean peoples. In the late 1990s, many people supported legislation to define as a "native U.S. Virgin Islander" anyone who could trace their ancestry on the island to 1927, the year in which U.S. Virgin Islanders were granted U.S. citizenship. This effort by a select group of nationalist senators failed after much public outcry and controversy. It was learned that most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders would not qualify as "native" under the proposed legislation, as their immigrant ancestors had arrived later than 1927, but thousands of Danish citizens would have qualified.

In 2009, the proposed U.S. Virgin Islands Constitution proposed by the [[Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands|Fifth Constitutional Convention]] established three definitions of [[U.S. Virgin Islander]]s: "Ancestral Native Virgin Islander"—those with ancestral ties (and their descendants); "Native Virgin Islander"—those born on the island (and their descendants); and "Virgin Islander"—any U.S. citizen who has resided in the territory for five years. The United States Congress rejected the proposed constitution in 2010 for violating the principle of equal rights for all citizens of the territory, "native" or not, and sent it back to the convention for further consideration.

At the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], St. Croix's population was 41,004,<ref name=":2" /> and its population living in households was 39,442.<ref name=":3" /> Of its population living in households, 51.6% were born in the U.S. Virgin Islands; 15.6% were born in the United States; 3.9% were born in U.S. Island Area or Puerto Rico; and 29.0% were born elsewhere.<ref name=":3" /> Of those born elsewhere, 91.4% were born in the Caribbean; 3.0% were born in Asia; 2.5% were born in Europe; 1.9% were born in Central America or South America; and 1.2% were born elsewhere.<ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+<blockquote>Place of birth for St. Croix population in households (2020)<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>
!Place of birth
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|U.S. Virgin Islands
|20,366
|51.6%
|-
|United States
|6,098
|15.5%
|-
|Caribbean
|10,443
|26.5%
|-
|U.S. Island Area or Puerto Rico
|1,555
|3.9%
|-
|Asia
|342
|0.9%
|-
|Europe
|282
|0.7%
|-
|Central America and South America
|222
|0.6%
|-
|Elsewhere
|135
|0.3%
|}

==Subdivisions==
For census and planning purposes, St. Croix is divided into the following [[Districts and sub-districts of the United States Virgin Islands|subdistricts]] (with population per the 2020 U.S. census):<ref name=":2">{{Cite report |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/us-virgin-islands/population-and-housing-unit-counts/us-virgin-islands-phc-table01.pdf |title=Table 1. Population of the United States Virgin Islands: 2010 and 2020 |date=October 28, 2021 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314154015/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/us-virgin-islands/population-and-housing-unit-counts/us-virgin-islands-phc-table01.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-14}}</ref>
* [[Annas Hope, U.S. Virgin Islands|Anna's Hope Village]] (pop. 3,282)
* [[Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands|Christiansted]] (pop. 1,866)
* East End (pop. 2,336)
* [[Frederiksted, U.S. Virgin Islands|Frederiksted]] (pop. 2,303)
* Northcentral (pop. 4,197)
* Northwest (pop. 3,431)
* [[Sion Farm, U.S. Virgin Islands|Sion Farm]] (pop. 10,332)
* Southcentral (pop. 7,415)
* Southwest (pop. 5,842)

Historically, St. Croix, like the rest of the Virgin Islands, had been divided into quarters, with these further divided into estates. These were used for census purposes until 1980 until they were replaced by the subdistricts above, and estates are still commonly used for navigation, writing addresses, and discussing real estate.<ref name="outlying">{{cite web |author=[[United States Census]] |year=1990 |title=Puerto Rico and the Outlying Areas |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/GARM/Ch7GARM.pdf |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref>

==Language==
English has been the dominant language on St. Croix since the 1700s and the official language since 1917, when the United States purchased the [[Danish West Indies]]. Previously, the official language was Danish, but it was not widely spoken. Other languages spoken throughout St. Croix's colonial history have included Irish, Scots, Spanish, and French, as well as a now-extinct [[Negerhollands|Dutch Creole]] spoken by [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St. Thomas]] and [[Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands|St. John]]-born people living in St. Croix, as well as the [[English-based creole languages|local Creole English]] that still exists today.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/culture/virgin-islands-language/ |title=Virgin Islands Language |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |website=Vinow |publisher=VI Now |access-date=July 6, 2016 |quote=St. Croix was owned by the French until 1733 when the Danes bought it. By 1741 there were five times as many English on the island as Danes. English Creole emerged on St. Croix more so than Dutch Creole, which was more popular on St. Thomas and St. John. A dialect of English Creole called Crucian is heard on St. Croix today.}}</ref>

Known on the island as ''[[Virgin Islands Creole|Crucian]]'', Virgin Islands Creole English is spoken by the majority of the population in informal situations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/culture/virgin-islands-language/|title=Virgin Islands Language|website=Virgin Islands}}</ref> Spanish is spoken by migrants from [[Puerto Rico]] and the [[Dominican Republic]] and their St. Croix-born offspring, and various [[French-based creole languages|French Creoles]] are spoken by [[Saint Lucia|St. Lucian]], [[Dominica]]n, and [[Haitians|Haitian]] immigrants. [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is common among St. Croix's [[Arab Palestinians|Arab Palestinian]] community. Immigrants from the Anglophone Caribbean who came to St. Croix after their formative years tend to speak the English creoles of their respective islands in informal situations, which are, for the most part, mutually intelligible with [[Virgin Islands Creole English]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+<blockquote>Language spoken at home (by population 5 years and over in households)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data: Selected Social Characteristics (U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Croix) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDPVI2020.DP2?q=st.+croix+island+demographics&d=DECIA+U.S.+Virgin+Islands+Demographic+Profile |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref></blockquote>
!Language
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|English only
|27,959
|69.8%
|-
|Spanish
|13,807
|17.2%
|-
|French, [[Haitian Creole|Haitian]], or [[Cajun French|Cajun]]
|7,101
|8.8%
|-
|Other languages
|3,349
|4.2%
|}

==Religion==
[[File:Christiansted, Saint Croix, Virgin Islands 1a33961v.jpg|thumb|upright|[[St. John's Episcopal Church (Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands)|St. John's Anglican Church]], Christiansted]]

[[Christianity]] is St. Croix's [[Religions by country|predominant religion]]; the island has been called the "Land of Churches"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coldwellbankervi.com/page-religion-on-st-croix-72.html |title=Religion on St Croix |access-date=2015-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214729/https://www.coldwellbankervi.com/page-religion-on-st-croix-72.html |archive-date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref> for the approximately 150 churches that serve its 50,000 residents.

[[Protestantism|Protestant]] [[Christian denomination|denominations]] are the most prevalent, but there is also a significant [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]] presence due to St. Croix's large [[Hispanic]] population, as well as [[Irish people|Irish]] influence during the Danish colonial period. [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], [[Methodism|Methodist]], [[Moravian Church|Moravian]], [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]], and [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] are among the Protestant denominations prevalent on the island. There are also [[Jehovah's Witness]]<nowiki/>es and members of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].

As in most of the Caribbean, various forms of [[Rastafari]] are practiced on the island. [[Islam]] is prevalent among the [[Arab Palestinians|Arab Palestinian]] community, and there is a [[Jews|Jewish]] presence as well. [[Hinduism]] and Islam are also practiced by the [[Indians in the United States Virgin Islands|Indian]] population.

==Economy==
[[File:HOVENSA refinery-06.jpg|thumb|left|HOVENSA oil refinery]]St. Croix was once an [[Agriculture|agricultural]] powerhouse. Today, [[tourism]] is St. Croix's main source of revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-25 |title=The Economy of the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-economy-of-the-u-s-virgin-islands.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> A number of other industries contribute to its economy, including the [[Oil refinery|refining of oil]] and the distilling of [[rum]].

=== Agriculture ===
The [[Taíno|Taino]] people were the first to develop organized agriculture on St. Croix, cultivating crops like cassava, potatoes, and corn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MyStCroix.VI |first=Cindy @ |date=2024-02-15 |title=The Annual St Croix Agrifest Festival and the Island's Rich Agricultural History |url=https://mystcroix.vi/the-annual-st-croix-agrifest-festival-and-the-islands-rich-agricultural-history/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=St Croix USVI Travel Guide Virgin Islands |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=John |title=Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.nps.gov/viis/learn/historyculture/indigenous-peoples.htm |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=[[National Park Service]] |language=en}}</ref>

During the island's colonial period, St. Croix was an agricultural powerhouse in the Caribbean. The island's biggest exports were [[sugarcane]], cotton, and tobacco–planted, harvested, and processed by [[Atlantic slave trade|enslaved Africans]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=History of Agriculture in the USVI |url=https://doa.vi.gov/our-history/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Virgin Islands Department of Agriculture |publisher=[[U.S. Department of Agriculture]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Saint Croix's Golden Age of Sugar |url=https://www.nps.gov/chri/planyourvisit/upload/CHRI-Small.pdf |website=[[National Park Service]] |publisher=[[U.S. Department of the Interior]] |publication-date=}}</ref> Sugarcane was the island's primary export in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name=":9" /> With more than 150 [[Sugarcane mill|sugar mills]], St. Croix was one of the wealthiest sugar islands in the West Indies.<ref name=":9" />

After the [[History of the United States Virgin Islands#Slavery and emancipation|abolition of slavery in 1848]], St. Croix remained a predominantly agricultural society.<ref name=":8" /> That period ended with the rapid industrialization of the island's economy in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2021 |title=Virgin Islands Agricultural Plan |url=https://vilocalfoodandfarmcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Virgin-Islands-Agricultural-Plan_12.26.21.pdf |website=Virgin Islands Local Food and Farm Council |publisher=Virgin Islands Agricultural Plan Task Force}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-10-20 |title=Back To The Garden: Agriculture in The Virgin Islands |url=https://stcroixsource.com/2008/10/20/back-garden-agriculture-virgin-islands/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=St. Croix Source |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Oil ===
{{Main|Hovensa}}
St. Croix has been the location of one of the world's biggest [[Oil refinery|oil refineries]]. In 1966, Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corporation (HOVIC), a division of the U.S.-based [[Hess Corporation]], began operation on the island.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=Ernice |date=October 23, 2023 |title=Chevron Corp. to Acquire Hess Corp. in Deal Worth $53 Billion |url=https://viconsortium.com/vi-business/virgin-islands-chevron-corp-to-acquire-hess-corp-in-deal-worth-53-billion |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Virgin Islands Consortium}}</ref> In 1998, Hovensa LLC took over the refinery operatorship. Hovensa was a [[limited liability company]] owned and operated by HOVIC and [[PDVSA|Petroleos de Venezuela, SA]] (PDVSA), [[Venezuela]]'s national oil company. The refinery's name changed to [[HOVENSA]]. Gas prices on St. Croix were slightly higher than average than in the continental U.S.

On January 18, 2012, Hovensa announced that its refinery would be permanently shut down.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hovensa LLC to shut Virgin Islands oil refinery|author-last1=Bronis|author-first1=Jason|date=18 January 2012|url=https://www.toledoblade.com/Energy/2012/01/18/Hovensa-LLC-to-shut-Virgin-Islands-oil-refinery.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=The Blade |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> This had a major adverse effect on the economy of St. Croix and the entire U.S. Virgin Islands, as the refinery employed 1,200 residents and 950 contractors.<ref name=":7">{{cite press release|url=http://caribbeanbusinesspr.com/news03.php?nt_id=66975&ct_id=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220063044/http://caribbeanbusinesspr.com/news03.php?nt_id=66975&ct_id=1|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 20, 2014|title=Refinery closing in huge blow to USVI economy|agency=Associated Press|date=January 18, 2012|access-date=May 12, 2012}}</ref> Almost a decade later, the refinery restarted in January 2021; but it shut down again in May 2021 due to unsafe emissions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schouten |first=Fredreka |date=2021-05-29 |title=A Caribbean island bet its future on petrochemicals. Then oil rained down on homes. |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/29/us/epa-shutdown-limetree-st-croix-refinery/index.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Cruzan Rum Destillery (1).jpg|thumb|Cruzan Rum Distillery]]

=== Rum ===
St. Croix is also home to the [[Cruzan Rum#Distillery|Cruzan Rum Distillery]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Adventure Guide Virgin Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jnn44QjrJFEC&pg=PA186|author=Lynne M. Sullivan|year=2006|publisher=Hunter Publishing|edition=6th|page=186|isbn=978-1-58843-581-1}}</ref> makers of [[Cruzan Rum]], a brand of [[Beam Suntory Inc.|Beam Suntory, Inc.]] The Cruzan Rum Distillery was founded in 1760 as Estate Diamond, and for many years used locally grown sugar cane to produce a single "dark"-style [[rum]]. It now imports sugar cane molasses from other countries in the region, primarily the [[Dominican Republic]] and South America. In recent years, Cruzan Rum, along with [[Bacardi]] from [[Puerto Rico]] and [[Gosling's Rum|Gosling's]] from [[Bermuda]], has contributed to the resurgence of "single-barrel", super-premium rum. Cruzan Estate Rums has won more than 30 Spirit Awards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thatsthespirit.com/en/mixology/brands/Cruzan_Rum.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041213162236/http://www.thatsthespirit.com/en/mixology/brands/Cruzan_Rum.asp |archive-date=December 13, 2004 |title=that's the SPIRIT! " Mixology > Cruzan Rum |publisher=Thatsthespirit.com |access-date=December 13, 2012 }}</ref> Cruzan Estate Diamond Rum (aged five years in American oak barrels) and Cruzan Single Barrel Estate Rum (aged 12 years in American oak barrels) are two examples.

[[Diageo]] completed construction of a new distillery on a 26-acre industrial site next to the [[Hovensa|HOVENSA]] refinery. The new distillery produces [[Captain Morgan]] Rum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Economic and Fiscal Conditions in the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45235/3 |website=[[Congressional Research Service | Congressional Research Service Reports]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 24, 2008 |title=Virgin Islands governor John de Jongh announces initiative with Diageo for Captain Morgan rum distillery on Saint Croix |url=http://www.diageo.com/en-row/NewsAndMedia/PressReleases/2008/New+Captain+Morgan+Distillery+on+St+Croix.htm |website=Diageo |access-date=October 11, 2009 |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113044700/http://www.diageo.com/en-row/NewsAndMedia/PressReleases/2008/New+Captain+Morgan+Distillery+on+St+Croix.htm }}</ref> Diageo's entrance into the U.S. Virgin Islands rum industry has been controversial. The cash-strapped U.S. Virgin Islands government secured $250&nbsp;million in bonds for the plant, about which the Puerto Rican government has bitterly complained.

=== Tourism ===
Today, tourism makes up St. Croix's primary industries, accounting for 60% of the U.S. Virgin Islands' [[Gross domestic product|GDP]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-01 |title=USVI Department of Tourism Attends Seatrade Cruise Global Trade Show in Fort Lauderdale |url=https://stthomassource.com/content/2023/04/01/usvi-department-of-tourism-attends-seatrade-cruise-global-trade-show-in-fort-lauderdale/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=St. Thomas Source |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-17 |title=USVI Tourism Gives Testimony on Continued Success, Plans for Future Growth |url=https://stthomassource.com/content/2022/07/17/usvi-tourism-gives-testimony-on-continued-success-plans-for-future-growth/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=St. Thomas Source |language=en-US}}</ref> The island is a popular cruise port. In 2023–24, the cruise ship port at [[Frederikstad, St. Croix|Frederiksted]] received 3–8 ships per month.<ref>{{cite web |author=Virgin Islands Port Authority |date=February 6, 2024 |title=Ann E. Abramson Marine Facility at Frederiksted Pier: Cruise Schedule |url=https://www.viport.com/_files/ugd/e0a2e7_d462137573c247c1b581f8c84e4f5ea1.pdf}}</ref> Additionally, hotels and resorts, restaurants and bars, and tours and activities bring in revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=USVI Tourism Poised for a Huge Year |url=https://www.travelmarketreport.com/articles/USVI-Tourism-Poised-for-a-Huge-Year |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.travelmarketreport.com}}</ref> Popular tourist activities include swimming, sailing, [[Scuba diving|diving]], [[snorkeling]], and golf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=20 Best Things to Do in St. Croix |url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/best-things-to-do-st-croix-7967842 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Travel + Leisure |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=4 Beautiful Caribbean Islands Worth Visiting—No U.S. Passport Required |url=https://www.afar.com/magazine/caribbean-islands-that-dont-require-a-passport |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=AFAR Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Croix |url=https://dot.vi.gov/our-islands/st-croix/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Virgin Islands Department of Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transportation==
{{See also|List of United States Virgin Islands highways#Highways on St. Croix}}
Cars on the island are driven on the [[Left- and right-hand traffic|left side of the road]], but nearly all of them are left-hand drive. This has proven difficult for new residents and visitors from right-hand traffic locales such as the mainland U.S., the [[French West Indies|French]] and [[Dutch West Indies]], the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Roads have numerous potholes.

The Virgin Islands Department of Public Works operates a public bus service, [[Virgin Islands Transit]], or VITRAN.

In addition to taxis and buses, St. Croix has [[shared taxi]]s, locally known as "taxi buses" (also found on the other U.S. Virgin Islands). Taxi buses are full-sized vans running from Frederiksted to Christiansted. They are privately owned and operated; they do not follow a regular schedule and have no set stops. People simply wait by the side of the road until a taxi bus approaches, then flag the driver down by waving. Passengers can get out anywhere along the route. Taxi buses are not metered and are required by law to charge a flat rate of $2.50, regardless of where a rider gets on and off. Taxis to specific locations are much more expensive and are typically used by tourists.

Ferry service to St. Thomas restarted in 2017. The QE IV Ferry makes one trip per day departing from Gallows Bay, Christiansted, to Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas. The journey takes 2.5 hours and costs $60. The QE IV Ferry does not run during hazardous weather conditions. Some ferry companies based in St. Thomas and St. John sometimes operate St. Croix-to-St. Thomas service for special occasions, such as the St. Croix Agricultural Fair in February, Virgin Islands Carnival, Crucian Christmas Carnival, and horse races.

The [[Henry E. Rohlsen International Airport]] serves St. Croix with regular flights from the U.S. mainland, Puerto Rico, and the [[Eastern Caribbean]]. Seaplanes, operated by [[Seaborne Airlines]], fly from St. Croix to St. Thomas, departing and arriving in Christiansted Harbor.

Though St. Croix is a U.S. territory, the U.S. Virgin Islands are maintained as a [[free port]] in a separate customs zone. Therefore, travelers to and from the contiguous United States and Puerto Rico, including U.S. citizens, must clear [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection|U.S. customs]]. U.S. travelers do not need to present a passport to entry the U.S. Virgin Islands, but may need to provide proof of citizenship or nationality upon departure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airport FAQ |url=https://www.viport.com/general-9 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=U.S. Virgin Islands Port Authority |language=en}}</ref> The immigration status of non-U.S. citizens may be verified during this process.

==Education==
The [[St. Croix School District]] operates a number of public schools in St. Croix.<ref>[http://www.stx.k12.vi/ St. Croix School District] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512183141/http://www.stx.k12.vi/ |date=May 12, 2007 }}.Virgin Islands Department of Education. Retrieved March 19, 2008.</ref> There are also multiple private schools, including St. Croix Montessori, Star Apple Montessori School, The [[Good Hope Country Day School]], Arizona Academy, St. Mary's Catholic School, Free Will Baptist, St. Croix SDA School, and The Manor School. The island's only colleges are the [[University of the Virgin Islands]], St. Croix campus and [[Barry University]], which operates a physician assistant training program.

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of the Virgin Islands}}

===Festivals===
The island's largest festival, Crucian Christmas Carnival, is celebrated on St. Croix throughout late December and early January. Another significant festival is the Agricultural and Food Fair, held in mid-February.

Several times a year, there is a nighttime festival in [[Christiansted]] called "Jump-Up" and a monthly event called "Sunset Jazz" in [[Frederiksted]], where local jazz musicians play on Frederiksted Beach. Every year on the Saturday before Mardi Gras, there is a local Mardi Croix parade and a dog parade through the North Shore.

The St. Croix Half Ironman Triathlon is held in the first week of May.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stcroixtriathlon.com/CCT/index.html|title=The Caribbean Classic Triathlon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229222413/http://stcroixtriathlon.com/CCT/index.html|archive-date=February 29, 2008}}</ref> It includes a {{Convert|1.2|mi|adj=on}} swim, a {{Convert|56|mi|adj=on}} bike ride, and a {{Convert|13.1|mi|adj=on}} run. Because the bicycle route includes a ride up an extremely steep hill known as "The Beast", this triathlon is often nicknamed "Beauty and the Beast".

<gallery mode=packed>

File:Saint Croix carnival dancer.jpg | A costumed carnival dancer
File:Saint Croix carnival dancer2.jpg | Parade of costumed carnival dancers
File:Saint Croix carnival dancer3.jpg | A costumed carnival dancer
File:Saint Croix carnival dancer4.jpg | A costumed carnival dancer
File:Mochajombies.jpg | A [[Moko jumbie]]
</gallery>

==Points of interest==
[[File:Saint Croix 2012 Wade 7.JPG|thumb|[[Fort Frederik]] in Frederiksted]]
[[Frederiksted, United States Virgin Islands|Frederiksted]] maintains its [[Victorian era]] architecture and original seven-street-by-seven-street design, and has several historic structures. Among them are St. Patrick's Catholic Church, built in the 1840s, and its primary school, the Customs House; the 19th-century Apothecary; and many other buildings, some of which hurricanes have transformed into scenic ruins. Frederiksted operates at a more relaxed pace than most of the island, and is more lively during [[Carnival]] in January and whenever visiting cruise ships are in port.

[[Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve]] contains the only known site where members of a Columbus expedition set foot on what is now U.S. territory. It also preserves upland watersheds, mangrove forests, and estuarine and marine environments that support threatened and endangered species. The site is marked by Fort Salé, an earthworks fortification from French occupation, dating to around 1617. The park preserves prehistoric and colonial-era archeological sites, including the Caribbean's only extant ball court. This is one of two sites on the island for [[bioluminescent]] bays (the other being Altona Lagoon).

[[File:Farmers Market St. Croix.jpg|alt=Farmers Market St. Croix|thumb|194x194px|Farmer's market, St. Croix]]

[[Fort Christiansværn]], built in 1749, and other buildings are maintained by the [[National Park Service]] as the [[Christiansted National Historic Site]].

[[Buck Island Reef National Monument]] preserves a {{Convert|176|acre}} island just north of St. Croix and the surrounding reefs. It is a popular destination for snorkelers. Buck Island maintains a U.S. Coast Guard weather station and is home to a student-monitored lemon shark breeding ground. Green Cay (pronounced green key) is a small island southwest of Buck Island managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It hosts a nearby reef popular among scuba divers and snorkelers, Tamarind Reef.

The farmer's market (1 Estate, Kingshill, 00850, St. Croix) offers local fruit and vegetables, as well as plants, local food, and juice. The outdoor vendors open every Saturday from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m., sometimes longer. The farmer's market is open year-round.

The '''St. Croix [[National Heritage Area]]''' was established by the National Heritage Area Act in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2022 |title=National Heritage Area Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1942 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref> to help preserve and promote historic and cultural sites across the island.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=U.S. Senate Subcommittee Hears St. Croix National Heritage Bill |url=https://stthomassource.com/content/2022/09/22/u-s-senate-hears-st-croix-national-heritage-bill/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=St. Thomas Source |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=IYANLA IRBY Daily News |title=Plaskett: St. Croix closer to being designated a National Heritage Area |url=http://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/plaskett-st-croix-closer-to-being-designated-a-national-heritage-area/article_a7fa943a-80a6-5bb6-bdd4-c8967fb12d83.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=The Virgin Islands Daily News |date=September 22, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Scuba diving, snorkeling, and watersports===
[[File:Discover Scuba Diving -- St. Croix, US Virgin Islands.jpg|thumb|Scuba diving in St. Croix]][[File:Seahorse, St. Croix, Virgin Islands.jpg|thumb|upright|Seahorse at the pier in Frederiksted]]
The waters surrounding St. Croix are warm year-round, with temperatures ranging from {{convert|25|C}} – {{convert|30|C}}, making it a popular destination for watersports including scuba diving, snorkeling, kayaking, paddleboarding, surfing, kite surfing, parasailing, jet skiing, fishing, and sailing. Two of the island's most popular underwater sites for scuba divers are the [[Frederiksted Pier]] and the drop-off into deep water at [[Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve]].

[[Frederiksted, U.S. Virgin Islands|Frederiksted]] is known for reef diving and access to wreck diving. The island's western side has calm waters that allow snorkeling with access from the beach. Paddleboarding is popular near Frederiksted for the same reason. The Frederiksted Pier attracts scuba divers and snorkelers, as well as those who simply jump off it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bennett|first=Steve|date=September 2, 2011|title=Uncommon Caribbean – On-Site St. Croix: Re-living the Joy of Jumping Off Frederiksted Pier|url=https://www.uncommoncaribbean.com/st-croix/on-site-st-croix-re-living-the-childhood-joy-of-jumping-off-frederiksted-pier/|website=Uncommon Caribbean}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gotostcroix.com/st-croix-blog/jump-frederiksted-pier/|title=Blog, Jump Off the Frederiksted Pier, St. Croix, USVI – GoToStCroix.com|website=www.gotostcroix.com}}</ref> The shallow water and sandy bottom around the pier are ideal for [[recreational diving]] by novice scuba divers in [[PADI Discover Scuba Diving]] programs (also called resort diving), for extended shore diving, [[night diving]], and for [[underwater photography]],<ref name="LarsenO'Keefe1991">{{cite book|author1=Larsen, Larry|author2=M. Timothy O'Keefe|title=Fish & Dive the Caribbean: A Candid Destination Guide to the Bahamas, Bermuda, Jamaica, British Virgin Islands, Cancún, Cozumel, Cayman Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands and Others|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgHCr568pCAC&pg=PA160|date=June 1, 1991|publisher=Larsen's Outdoor Publishing|isbn=978-0-936513-17-1|page=160}}</ref> especially of its abundant [[seahorse]] population.<ref name="google84">{{cite book|title=Sport Diver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZ1VGaB08nwC&pg=PA84|date=June 2005|page=84|issn=1077-985X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scubadiving.com/travel/caribbean-atlantic/us-virgin-islands-top-10-dives|title=U.S. Virgin Islands – Top 10 Dives|website=Scuba Diving}}</ref>

A few hundred meters off the northern coast of the island, from Salt River to Cane Bay, the bottom drops suddenly into a deep trench, where coral reefs, abundant tropical fish, and migrant sea turtles may be observed. Kayaking is also popular in the Salt River.

[[Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands|Christiansted]], a short distance from Buck Island and Green Cay, is a former capital of the Danish West Indies. It lies just east of the northern underwater drop-off and is protected by a reef.

===Bioluminescent bays===
{{more citations needed|date=July 2025}}
There are two [[bioluminescent]] bays or bio bays on St. Croix. The most widely known and visited is at [[Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve]]. The other is at Altona Lagoon. Bio bays are extremely rare; only seven year-round lagoons are known to exist in the Caribbean.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stcroixsource.com/content/news/local-news/2013/06/13/sea-launching-second-study-bioluminescence|title=SEA Launching Second Study on Bioluminescence|publisher=stcroixsource.com|access-date=June 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306021740/http://stcroixsource.com/content/news/local-news/2013/06/13/sea-launching-second-study-bioluminescence|archive-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref>

A combination of factors creates the necessary conditions for bioluminescence: [[Rhizophora mangle|red mangrove]] trees surround the water (the organisms have been related to mangrove forest,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Usup |first1=G. |first2=R. V. |last2=Azanza |year=1998 |chapter=Physiology and dynamics of the tropical dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense |editor-last1=Anderson |editor-first1=D. M. |editor-first2=A. D. |editor-last2=Cembella |editor-first3=G. M. |editor-last3=Hallegraeff |title=The physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms |series=NATO ASI Series |location=Berlin |publisher=Springer |pages=81–94}}</ref> although mangrove is not necessarily associated with this species).<ref>Phlips, E. J., S. Badylak, E. Bledsoe, & M. Cichra. 2006.</ref>{{full citation needed|date=July 2025}} A study at the Salt River bio bay is being conducted {{As of|2013|lc=y}} by faculty and students from the University of South Carolina, the University of North Carolina-Wilmington, and the University of the Virgin Islands. Their research focuses on analyzing quality and nutrient composition of the water, the distribution of a microorganism, the [[dinoflagellate]] ''Pyrodinium bahamense'', that glows when the water is disturbed, and the abundance of "cysts", dormant dinoflagellates embedded in the sea floor.

A concurrent complementary study is being undertaken by the St. Croix Environmental Association in conjunction with Scripps Institution of Oceanography. It focuses on counting the photon density of the phenomenon over time and in various weather conditions. Water quality and taxonomic analysis from both studies will be shared and correlated to create one of the most thorough investigations of year-round bioluminescent bays to date.

St. Croix's two bio bays have very different characteristics. The one at Altona Lagoon is large but shallow, allowing one to see various marine life swimming and agitating the water, lighting it up. The bio bay at Salt River is smaller but deeper than Altona Lagoon. Because of its depth, it is also home to a second form of bioluminescence, [[Ctenophora]], or comb-jellies, that are not found at Altona Lagoon.

A third bioluminescent organism is also found in Salt River. A species of marine [[Odontosyllis enopla|''Odontosyllis'']] fireworm performs its brilliant green mating ritual within 57 hours after the full moon, females rising to the surface and leaving a luminescent green puddle for the males to race through, fertilizing the eggs.

===Protected areas===
* [[Buck Island Reef National Monument]], managed by the National Park Service (a federal agency)
* [[Christiansted National Historic Site]], managed by the National Park Service (a federal agency)
* [[Green Cay National Wildlife Refuge]], managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (a federal agency)
* [[Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve]], co-managed by the Territory of the Virgin Islands and the National Park Service (a federal agency)
* [[Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge]], managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (a federal agency)
* [[Point Udall (U.S. Virgin Islands)|Point Udall]]
* [[St Croix East End Marine Park|St. Croix East End Marine Park]]: managed by the Government of the Virgin Islands through the Department of Planning and Natural Resources' Division of Coastal Zone Management

<gallery mode=packed>
File:Christiansted, US Virgin Islands, from Recovery Hill.jpg|Christiansted, looking north.
File:Csted2.jpg|Downtown Christiansted and harbor
File:Csted3.jpg|Old Danish Customs House, Christiansted
File:2008-01-27 Grapetree Bay St. Croix USVI.jpg|East End
File:2008-01-28 Tague Bay St. Croix.jpg|East End
File:2008-01-27 Teague Bay Beach St. Croix USVI.jpg|Teague Bay Beach
File:2008-03-30 Canegarden Bay St. Croix USVI.jpg|Canegarden Bay Beach
File:2008-07-17 St. George Village Botanical Gardens St. Croix USVI.jpg|St. George Village Botanical Gardens
File:Canebay1.jpg|Scuba diver and sponges, Cane Bay wall
File:Canebay2.jpg|Scuba diver and sponges, Cane Bay wall
</gallery>

== Notable people ==
[[File:William Leidesdorff.jpg|thumb|upright=.64|[[William Leidesdorff]], 1845]]
[[File:Historical marker for Alexander Hamilton, Christiansted, St. Croix.jpg|thumb|upright=.64|Historical marker commemorating [[Alexander Hamilton]]]]
[[File:RoyInnisCirca1970.jpg|thumb|upright=.64|[[Roy Innis]], ca.1970]]
[[File:Dezarie cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=.64|[[Dezarie]], 2010]]
*[[Abraham Markoe]] (1727–1806), businessman, landowner and planter; later an American revolutionary figure
*[[Edmund Bourke (1761–1821)|Edmund Bourke]] (1761–1821), Danish diplomat
*[[Margaret Hartman Markoe Bache]] (1770–1836), American printer and editor
*[[Hans Jonatan]] (1784–1827), possibly the first person of color to live in Iceland
*[[William Leidesdorff]] (1810–1848), entrepreneur, one of the founders of San Francisco
*[[Judah P. Benjamin]] (1811–1884), American and Confederate politician
*[[Casper Holstein]] (1876–1944), New York mobster during the [[Harlem Renaissance]]
*[[Prince Monolulu]] (1881–1965), real name ''Peter Carl Mackay'', a horse-racing tipster
*[[Rea Irvin]] (1881–1972), American illustrator, art director on ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine, died in Saint Croix
*[[Henry S. Whitehead]] (1882–1932), American author of horror fiction and fantasy; archdeacon in St Croix from 1921 to 1929
*[[Hubert Harrison]] (1883–1927), [[Harlem]] activist and intellectual, known as the "father of Harlem Radicalism"
* [[D. Hamilton Jackson]] (1884–1946), labour rights advocate and he lobbied leaders in Denmark
*[[Frank Crosswaith]] (1892–1965), socialist politician and trade union organizer in New York City
*[[Elizabeth Hawes]] (1903–1971), clothing designer, author and social critic, who wrote about her life in St. Croix titled ''But Say It Politely''
*[[Bennie Benjamin]] (1907–1989), musician, songwriter
*[[Annie de Chabert]] (1908–1976), political figure, entrepreneur
*[[Jimmy Hamilton]] (1917–1994), American jazz musician, died in Saint Croix
*[[Audre Lorde]] (1934–1992), American poet and [[feminist]], died in Saint Croix
*[[Roy Innis]] (1934–2017), civil rights advocate, chairman, [[Congress of Racial Equality]] (CORE)
*[[Arnold R. Highfield]] (1940–2019), historian
*[[Warren Mosler]] (born 1949), American hedge fund manager, entrepreneur and economist; moved to St Croix in 2010
*[[Erika J. Waters]] (born ca.1950), academic and critic; moved to St Croix in early 1970's
*[[Jack Gantos]] (born 1951), author (mentioned in ''Hole in My Life'')
*[[Francis J. D'Eramo]] (born 1959), judge at the [[United States Virgin Islands Superior Court]] of [[St. Croix]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visuperiorcourt.org/judges/pastjudges.aspx |title=Honor Roll of Judges |website=[[United States Virgin Islands Superior Court]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041111/http://www.visuperiorcourt.org/judges/pastjudges.aspx |archive-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>
*[[Hannibal Ware]] (born ca.1970), Inspector General of the [[U.S. Small Business Administration]]
*[[Mike Yard]] (born ca.1970), contributor on ''[[The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore|The Nightly Show]]''
*[[Jasmin St. Claire]] (born 1972), American former pornographic actress and wrestler
*[[De Apostle]] (born ca.1978), reggae singer-songwriter
*[[Dezarie]] (born ca.1980), reggae singer
*[[Midnite (band)|Midnite]] (active 1989–2015), roots reggae band
*[[Stacey Plaskett]] (born 1966), U.S. delegate<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stacey E. Plaskett (Virgin Islands (VI)), 119th Congress Profile |url=https://clerk.house.gov/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives |language=en}}</ref>

=== Sport ===
[[File:Ray Seales 1973.jpg|thumb|upright=.64|[[Sugar Ray Seales]], 1973]]
*[[Peter Jackson (boxer)|Peter Jackson]] (1861–1901), 19th-century Australian boxing champion
*[[Elmo Plaskett]] (1938–1998), baseball player
*[[Horace Clarke]] (1939–2020), professional baseball player, [[New York Yankees]] and [[San Diego Padres]]
*[[Walt Frazier]] (born 1945), former professional [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] [[basketball]] player<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/25/garden/25frazier.html |title=At Home With Walt Frazier |work= [[The New York Times]] |date=February 25, 2010 |access-date= February 24, 2014 |last1=Araton |first1=Harvey }}</ref>
*[[Sugar Ray Seales]] (born 1952), boxer, gold medallist at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]]
*[[Livingstone Bramble]] (born 1960), boxer, born in Montserrat, raised on St. Croix
*[[Quentin Coryatt]] (born 1970), professional [[National Football League|NFL]] [[American football]] player, [[Indianapolis Colts]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/C/CoryQu20.htm |title=Quentin Coryatt|publisher= Football-Reference.Com |access-date=November 15, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Midre Cummings]] (born 1971), Major League Baseball player
*[[Joe Aska]] (born 1972), former professional [[American football]] [[running back]]
*[[Andre Wadsworth]] (born 1974), professional [[National Football League|NFL]] [[American football]] player, [[Arizona Cardinals]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WadsAn20.htm| title=Andre Wadsworth|publisher= Football-Reference.Com|access-date= November 15, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Raja Bell]] (born 1976), professional [[basketball]] player, [[Utah Jazz]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/b/bellra01.html|title= Raja Bell |publisher= Basketball-Reference.Com |access-date= November 15, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Tim Duncan]] (born 1976), former professional [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] [[basketball]] player <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/d/duncati01.html |title=Tim Duncan |publisher=Basketball-Reference.Com |access-date=November 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008092815/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/d/duncati01.html |archive-date=October 8, 2012 }}</ref>
*[[Hanik Milligan]] (born 1979), former professional [[American football]] player
*[[Muhammad Halim]] (born 1986), Olympic triple jumper
*[[Linval Joseph]] (born 1988), professional [[National Football League|NFL]] [[American football]] player, [[Minnesota Vikings]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/C/CoryQu20.htm| title=Linval Joseph|publisher= Football-Reference.Com |access-date= November 15, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Cory Bishop]] (born ca.1990), U.S. Virgin Islands soccer player

==See also==
*[[1878 St. Croix Labor Riots]]
*[[Culture of the Virgin Islands]]
*[[Music of the Virgin Islands]]
*[[St. George Village Botanical Garden]]
*[[Virgin Islands patch reefs]]
*[[WSVI]], ABC TV station
*[[WTJX-TV]], Virgin Island Public Television

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Saint Croix}}
{{Commons category|Saint Croix}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = St Croix |volume= XXI |last=|first= |author-link=| page= |short=1}}
* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= St Croix |volume = 23 |last= |first= |author-link= |page=1019 |short=1}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070106053635/http://www.usvitourism.vi/EN/stcroix/sc_Home.html St. Croix] – United States Virgin Islands Department of Tourism
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160204025726/http://ltg.gov.vi/ Office of the Lieutenant Governor] – Office of the Lieutenant Governor Gregory R. Francis
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=st+croix&sll=17.740839,-64.761658&sspn=0.958738,1.233215&ie=UTF8&ll=17.730375,-64.747925&spn=0.479402,0.616608&t=k&z=11&om=1 St. Croix USVI Google Map] – satellite map of St. Croix, USVI

{{United States Virgin Islands}}
{{NatHerArea}}
{{British overseas territories}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Islands of the United States Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands| ]]
[[Category:Places with bioluminescence]]
[[Category:Former Danish colonies]]
[[Category:1650 establishments in the French colonial empire]]
[[Category:1733 disestablishments in the French colonial empire]]
[[Category:1733 establishments in the Danish colonial empire]]
[[Category:1916 disestablishments in the Danish colonial empire]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Former Spanish colonies]]