View source for Salonta

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type               = municipality
|county             = Bihor
|official_name      = Salonta
|other_name         = Nagyszalonta, Szalonta
|image_flag         =
|image_shield       = ROU BH Salonta CoA.png
|image_skyline      = Csonkatorony Arany Palota.jpg
|image_caption      = Ciunt Tower (Csonka Torony) and Arany Palace (Arany Palota)
|image_location     = 
|image_map          = Salonta jud Bihor.png
|map_caption        = Location within Bihor County
|leader_name        = László Török<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=9 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2024
|leader_party       = UDMR
|coordinates        = {{coord|46|48|N|21|39|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation          = 90
|elevation_min      = 
|elevation_max      = 
|area_total         = 170.04
|area_footnotes     = 
|population_as_of   = 
|population_total   = auto
|population_footnotes = 
|postal_code        = 415500
|area_code          = (+40) 02 59
|website            = {{URL|https://salonta.net/}}
}}

'''Salonta''' ({{IPA|ro|saˈlonta}}; {{langx|hu|Nagyszalonta}}, colloquially {{Lang|hu|Szalonta}}, {{IPA|hu|ˈnɒɟsɒlontɒ}}; {{langx|de|Großsalontha}}) is a [[municipiu|city]] in [[Bihor County]], in the geographical region of [[Crișana]], north-western [[Romania]], near the [[Hungary|Hungarian]] border.

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = Census data
|1880 |10403
|1890 |12650
|1900 |14107
|1910 |15514
|1930 |15297
|1941 |15251
|1948 |14447
|1956 |16276
|1966 |17754
|1977 |19746
|1992 |20660
|2002 |20006
|2011 |17042
|2021 |15792
}}

[[File:Interbelic Salonta CoA.png|100px|thumbnail|right|Interwar coat of arms of Salonta.]]

According to the [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]], Salonta has a population of 15,792.<ref name="RPL2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls|title=Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]|language=ro|date=31 May 2023}}</ref> At the [[2011 Romanian census|census from 2011]], the city had a population of 17,042, made up of [[Hungarians]] (58.1%), [[Romanians]] (38.83%), [[Romani people in Romania|Romani]] (2.4%), [[Slovaks]] (0.4%), and others (0.5%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bihor.insse.ro/phpfiles/Comunicat%20-%20DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-03-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616230135/http://www.bihor.insse.ro/phpfiles/Comunicat%20-%20DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2012 }}</ref> In terms of religion, at the 2002 census, 51.12% were [[Reformed Church in Romania|Reformed]] (Calvinist), 36.46% [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Romanian Orthodox]], 6.56% [[Roman Catholicism in Romania|Roman Catholic]] and 5.86% was split between [[Baptist Union of Romania|Baptists]], [[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic|Romanian Greek-Catholic]], [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostals]], and other faiths.<ref>[http://www.edrc.ro/recensamant.jsp?regiune_id=2140&judet_id=2141&localitate_id=2143 Romanian 2002 Census]</ref>

==History==
The city, a part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], was first documented in 1214 under the name of ''Zolonta'' and in 1332 a Papal document used the name ''Zalanta''. The Hungarian spelling ''Szalonta'' was used since 1587.

Etymologically, the name is probably related with those of other Romanian localities (slavic names) like Slatina, Zlatna, or Slănic, whose Romanian meaning is "Sărata" ("Saline"). It can also be derived from Hungarian ''[[wikt:szalonna#Hungarian|szalonna]]'' ("bacon"), a term having the same etymological meaning, and in regional context – the name of two contiguous villages are probably related with the types of stock growth in the area: Mădăras, from Hungarian "madar" ("bird"), and Tulca from Hungarian "tulok" ("bullock") – it may refer to the numerous pig growers in its perimeter.

Until the 16th century, it was only a small village of about 300 inhabitants and was on the land of the Toldi family. A bigger city was the fort of Culișer, which was however destroyed by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] in 1598. Culiser was never rebuilt and Salonta began to have a more important role in the region after 1606, when the prince of [[Transylvania]], [[Stephan Bocskai]] settled 300 soldiers here and appropriated land for them. They built their own farms, but had to keep their arms ready to repel an attack by the Turks. 3 June, the day in which the soldiers were settled, is nowadays declared "the day of the city". However, Ottoman Turks captured the town in 1660 and as {{lang|tr|Salanta}}, it became the sanjak center of [[Oradea|Varat]] vilayet until 1692.

The 19th century Hungarian poet [[János Arany]] was born and lived in Salonta for most of his life. [[Lajos Zilahy]], another noted Hungarian author, was also born in Salonta in 1891. Violist and musicologist [[Egon Kenton]] was born there the same year.

After the collapse of [[Austria-Hungary]] at the end of [[World War I]], and the declaration of the [[Union of Transylvania with Romania]], the [[Romanian Army]] took control of Salonta in April 1919, during the [[Hungarian–Romanian War]]. The city officially became part of the territory ceded to the [[Kingdom of Romania]] in June 1920 under the terms of the [[Treaty of Trianon]]. During the [[interwar period]], it became the seat of [[Plasă|plasa]] Salonta, in [[Bihor County#Historical county|Bihor County]]. In August 1940, under the auspices of [[Nazi Germany]], which imposed the [[Second Vienna Award]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] retook the territory of [[Northern Transylvania]] (which included Salonta) from Romania. Towards the end of [[World War II]], however, the city was taken back from Hungarian and [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops by Romanian and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces in October 1944, during the initial stages of the [[Battle of Debrecen]]. The territory of Northern Transylvania remained under Soviet military administration until 9 March 1945, after which it became again part of Romania. The [[Paris Peace Treaties, 1947|Paris Peace Treaties]] of 1947 reaffirmed the Trianon border. Following the [[Administrative divisions of the Romanian People's Republic|administrative reform]] of 1950, the town became the seat of Salonta [[Raion]] within [[Bihor Region]] (renamed Oradea Region in 1952 and Crișana Region in 1960). In 1968, the old territorial division into ''[[județ]]e'' was reinstituted, and the city reverted to being part of Bihor County.

==Natives==
* [[János Arany]] (1817–1882), Hungarian poet, writer, translator, and journalist
* [[Iosif Ardeleanu]] (1909–1988), communist activist and bureaucrat
* [[Miklós Bonczos]] (1897–1971), Hungarian politician
* [[Gabriel Buta]] (born 2002), footballer
* [[Yasin Hamed]] (born 1999), footballer
* [[Egon Kenton]] (1891–1987), Hungarian and American musicologist
* [[Elemér Kocsis]] (1910–1981), footballer
* [[Dorin Mihuț]] (born 1982), footballer
* [[Alexandru Moghioroș]] (1911–1969), communist activist and politician
* [[Sergiu Oltean]] (born 1987), footballer
* [[Mircea Pavlov]] (born 1937), chess International Master
* [[Eugen Rozvan]] (1878–1938), communist activist, lawyer, and Marxist historian
* [[Enikő A. Sajti]] (born 1944), Hungarian historian 
* [[Lajos Sătmăreanu]] (1944-2025), footballer
* [[Andra Ursuța]] (born 1979), Romanian-American sculptor
* [[Lajos Zilahy]] (1891−1974), Hungarian novelist and playwright

==Climate and geography==
Salonta has a continental humid climate, with warm to hot summers and cold to very cold winters, but relatively little snow. The average annual precipitation is {{cvt|578|mm3}}.<ref>NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center; New et al. 2002, online, [http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/salonta.html]</ref> The average January temperature is {{convert|-2.4|C|1}} and in July it is {{convert|20.7|C|1}} (averages for low and high). It is located in the plains west of the [[Apuseni]] [[Carpathians]] at an elevation between {{convert|91|and|100|m|0|abbr=on}}.

==Economy==
Salonta is famous nationwide for its ''Salam de Salonta'' sausage products that have been produced since the 1970s. Most of the state-owned factories built during the communist period went into bankruptcy since 1989. During the 2000s however, there has been a considerable foreign direct investment in small factories and assembly plants – particularly in the clothing industry.

In 2008, [[Inteva Products]] LLC – a large multinational – started production at its Salonta facility, the only one the company has in Romania and one in only five throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Inteva produces cables and latches and other car parts at the Salonta facility.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS205681+31-Jan-2008+PRN20080131 |title=Arvin Meritor in Salonta, Romania |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=1 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308092959/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS205681+31-Jan-2008+PRN20080131 |archive-date=8 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Salonta gas field]] (which started production in 2010) is located near the city.

==Trivia==
The city of Salonta hosted the 2006 Romanian National Gliders Championship (''Campionat naţional de aeromodelism'') and its team, ''Metalul Salonta'', has won the championship several times.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130112012121/http://www.salonta.net/en/files/etc/repulo.htm Romanian Aeromodelism, Salonta Cup]</ref>

==Politics==
{{update section|date=June 2021}}
The Salonta Municipal Council, elected in the [[2012 Romanian local election|2012 local government elections]], is made up of 17 councillors, with the following party composition:

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats in 2012
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="13" | Current Council
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| [[Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania]]
| style="text-align: right" | '''13'''
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Social Liberal Union}} &nbsp;
| [[Social Liberal Union]]
| style="text-align: right" | '''4'''
| {{party color cell|Social Liberal Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Liberal Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Liberal Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Liberal Union}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}

== Sports ==
Basketball: C.S.S. "Teodor Neș" Salonta<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosr.ro/stiri/2019-04-11/baschetul-masculin-primul-sport-unde-au-fost-desemnate-finalistele-gimnaziadei-20182019-din-toate-cele-opt-regi|title=Baschetul masculin, primul sport unde au fost desemnate finalistele Gimnaziadei 2018-2019 din toate cele opt regiuni naționale|language=ro|website=www.cosr.ro|date=April 11, 2019|access-date=October 14, 2024|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804045812/http://www.cosr.ro/stiri/2019-04-11/baschetul-masculin-primul-sport-unde-au-fost-desemnate-finalistele-gimnaziadei-20182019-din-toate-cele-opt-regi|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosr.ro/stiri/2018-05-23/echipele-castigatoare-ale-gimnaziadei-20172018-la-baschet-feminin-si-volei-masculin-premiate-in-sala-polivalent|title=Echipele câștigătoare ale Gimnaziadei 2017-2018 la baschet feminin și volei masculin, premiate în Sala Polivalentă de la Izvorani|language=ro|website=www.cosr.ro|date=May 23, 2018|access-date=October 14, 2024|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124144731/http://www.cosr.ro/stiri/2018-05-23/echipele-castigatoare-ale-gimnaziadei-20172018-la-baschet-feminin-si-volei-masculin-premiate-in-sala-polivalent|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.frbaschet.ro/campionat-feminin/campionatul-national-u14-feminin |publisher=Federația Româna de Baschet|title=Campionatul național U14 feminin |language=ro|website=www.frbaschet.ro|access-date=October 14, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.frbaschet.ro/stiri/generale/meciuri-de-pregatire-in-turcia-pentru-selectionatele-u15-ale-romaniei-0 | title=Meciuri de pregătire în Turcia pentru selecționatele U15 ale României|language=ro|website=www.frbaschet.ro|date=April 17, 2019|access-date=October 14, 2024}}</ref>

Tengo Salonta is Salonta's [[football tennis]] team, a very successful club at national level and also the current Football Tennis Club World Cup champions, title won in 2017 after a 3–1 in the final against [[Czech Republic|Czech]] club from [[Karlovy Vary]], the host of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bihon.ro/bihorenii-de-la-tengo-salonta-au-castigat-cupa-mondiala-la-futnet/1847401 |title=Bihorenii de la Tengo Salonta au câștigat Cupa Mondială la futnet|language=ro|website=www.bihon.ro|date=June 11, 2017|access-date=October 14, 2024}}</ref>

[[Association football|Football]] is also a sport with a long tradition in the town situated near the Hungarian border. [[CSM Olimpia Salonta|Olimpia Salonta]] is the team of Salonta, being founded in 1911, the club played mostly at [[Liga III]] and [[Liga IV]], with 31 seasons played in the third league of the Romanian football league system.

For 10 years, between 2003 and 2013, in Salonta existed another football club, [[CF Liberty Oradea|Liberty Salonta]], a club with a strong academy at national level that promoted many interesting players over time, even managing a promotion to [[Liga I]] in 2006, but the club sold its place to [[FC UTA Arad|UTA Arad]] and never played at the highest level of the Romanian football.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Salonta is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Csepel]], [[Hungary]]
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Hajdúböszörmény]], Hungary
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Nagykőrös]], Hungary
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Rimavská Sobota]], [[Slovakia]]
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Sarkad, Hungary|Sarkad]], Hungary <small>(since 2001)</small>
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Túrkeve]], Hungary <small>(since 1994)</small>
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Derecske]], Hungary
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Békéscsaba]], Hungary

==Image gallery==
<gallery>
File:Primăria Salonta.JPG|The front of the [[Salonta City Hall]]
File:Primăria din Salonta.JPG|City Hall (Városháza/Primăria)
File:Csonka Torony.jpg|Ciunt Tower (Csonka Torony/Turnul Ciunt)
File:Róth Ház.jpg|Róth House
File:Casa de cultura Salonta.JPG|House of Culture (Kultúr Ház/Casa de Cultură)
File:RO BH Salonta Consulat.JPG|Consulate of Slovakia (Szlovák Konzulátus/Consulatul Slovac)
File:RO BH Salonta Judecatoria.JPG|The Court
File: ScoalaSalonta.JPG|[[Teodor Neș National College]] (Teodor Neș Kollégium/Colegiul Națtional Teodor Neș)
RO BH Salonta Muzeul Taranului si troita.JPG|The Peasantry Museum panorama
File:Muzeul taranului.JPG|The Peasantry Museum
File:RO BH Salonta Alee parc.JPG|Central Park (Központi Park/Parcul Central)
File:Calvinist Cathedral.JPG|Reformed Cathedral (Református Templom/Templul Reformat)
File:RO BH Salonta Parcul din centru.JPG|Orthodox Church
File:Katolische Kirche.jpg|Catholic Church
File:RO BH Salonta Locomotiva cu abur.JPG|Train monument and the railway station
File:Hotel Slavia.JPG|Slavia Hotel
File:Hotel Central. Fortepan 30106.jpg|Central Hotel in 1932
File:Vasútállomás. Fortepan 30166.jpg|The railway station in 1921
File:Magyar Királyi Főgimnázium (ma Arany János Főgimnázium). Fortepan 86679.jpg|The high school in 1907
File:Főtér, szemben a Csonkatorony. Fortepan 30165.jpg|Ciunt Tower and the center of the town in 1917
File:Főtér, szemben a református templom. Fortepan 30164.jpg|Reformed Cathedral and the center of the town in 1917
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/salonta.html|title=Salonta, Romania &ndash; Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times, table|publisher=NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center|website=www.gaisma.com|access-date=October 14, 2024}}
* {{cite web|title=Romanian National Aeromodelism, Salonta Cup|url= http://www.salonta.net/en/files/etc/repulo.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071111124852/http://www.salonta.net/en/files/etc/repulo.htm|archive-date= 11 November 2007}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Salonta}}
* [http://www.salonta.ro/ Salonta General Information Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204105643/http://www.salonta.ro/ |date=4 December 2020 }}

{{LocalitiesBihor}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Salonta| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Bihor County]]
[[Category:Localities in Crișana]]
[[Category:Cities in Romania]]
[[Category:Hungary–Romania border crossings]]