View source for Salyut 5

{{short description|Soviet space station (1976–1977)}}
{{Infobox space station
 | station                = Salyut 5 (OPS-3)
 | station_image          =
 | station_image_size     =
 | station_image_caption  =
 | extra_image            =
 | extra_image_size       =
 | extra_image_caption    =
 | insignia               = Salyut program insignia.svg
 | insignia_size          =
 | insignia_caption       =
 | sign                   = Salyut 5{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}
 | crew                   = 2
 | launch                 = 22 June 1976<br/>18:04:00  [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
 | carrier_rocket         = [[Proton-K]]
 | launch_pad             = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|81/23]]
 | reentry                = 8 August 1977
 | mass                   = 19,000 [[kilogram|kg]]
 | length                 = {{convert|14.55|m}}
 | diameter               = {{convert|4.15|m}}
 | volume                 = {{convert|100|m3}}
 | pressure               =
 | perigee                = {{convert|223|km|nmi}}
 | apogee                 = {{convert|269|km|nmi}}
 | inclination            = 51.6°
 | period                 = 89 minutes
 | orbits_day             =
 | in_orbit               = 412 days
 | occupied               = 67 days
 | orbits                 = 6,666
 | distance               = Approx {{convert|270409616|km}}
 | configuration_image    = Almaz drawing.svg
 | configuration_size     =
 | configuration_caption  = Salyut 5 diagram
}}

'''Salyut 5''' ({{langx|ru|Салют-5}} meaning ''Salute 5''), also known as '''OPS-3''', was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[space station]]. Launched in 1976 as part of the [[Salyut program]]me, it was the third and last [[Almaz]] space station to be launched for the Soviet military. Two [[Soyuz programme|Soyuz]] missions visited the station, each crewed by two [[astronaut|cosmonauts]]. A third Soyuz mission attempted to visit the station, but failed to dock, whilst a fourth mission was planned but never launched.

==Launch==
Salyut 5 was launched at 18:04:00 UTC on 22 June 1976. The launch took place from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|Site 81/23]] the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]], and used a three-stage [[Proton-K]] carrier rocket with the [[serial number]] 290–02.<ref name=LL/>

Upon reaching orbit, Salyut 5 was assigned the [[International Designator]] 1976-057A, whilst the [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] gave it the [[Satellite Catalog Number]] 08911.<ref name=NSSDC/>

==Spacecraft==
Salyut 5 was an Almaz spacecraft, the last of three to be launched as space stations after [[Salyut 2]] and [[Salyut 3]]. Like its predecessors, it was {{convert|14.55|m}} long, with a maximum diameter of {{convert|4.15|m}}. It had a habitable interior volume of {{convert|100|m3}}, and a mass at launch of {{convert|19000|kg}}. The station was equipped with a single docking port for [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz]] spacecraft, with the [[Soyuz 7K-T]] being the configuration in service at the time. Two [[solar panel|solar arrays]] mounted laterally at the same end of the station as the docking port provided it with power. The station was equipped with a [[KSI (spacecraft)|KSI]] capsule to return research data and materials.

Salyut 5 carried [[Agat (camera)|Agat]], a camera which the crews used to observe the Earth. The [[Germany|German]] ''Kristall'' furnace was used for crystal growth experiments aboard the station{{Citation needed|date=August 2013}}.

==Operation==
{{See also|List of Salyut Expeditions}}
[[file:Salyut5 Almas3.jpg|thumb|100px|Information descent capsule]]
Four crewed missions to Salyut 5 were originally planned. The first, [[Soyuz 21]], was launched from Baikonur on 6 July 1976, and docked at 13:40 UTC the next day.<ref name=anikeev_2010/> The primary objective of the Soyuz 21 mission aboard Salyut 5 was to conduct military experiments, however scientific research was also conducted, which included studying aquarium fish in microgravity and observing the [[Sun]]. The crew also conducted a televised conference with school pupils. Cosmonauts [[Boris Volynov]] and [[Vitali Zholobov]] remained aboard Salyut 5 until 24 August, when they returned to Earth landing 200&nbsp;km southwest of [[Kokchetav]]. The mission had been expected to last longer, however the atmosphere within Salyut 5 became contaminated with [[nitric acid]] fumes from a fuel leak, which affected the crew's psychological and physical condition, necessitating an emergency landing.

On 14 October 1976, [[Soyuz 23]] was launched carrying [[Vyacheslav Zudov]] and [[Valery Rozhdestvensky]] to the space station. During approach for docking the next day, a faulty sensor incorrectly detected an unexpected lateral motion. The spacecraft's [[Igla (spacecraft docking system)|Igla]] automated docking system fired the spacecraft's maneuvering thrusters in an attempt to stop the non-existent motion. Although the crew was able to deactivate the Igla system, the spacecraft had expended too much fuel to reattempt the docking under manual control. Soyuz 23 returned to Earth on 16 October without completing its mission objectives.

The last mission to Salyut 5, [[Soyuz 24]], was launched on 7 February 1977. Its crew consisted of cosmonauts [[Viktor Gorbatko]] and [[Yury Glazkov]], who conducted repairs aboard the station and vented the air which had been reported to be contaminated. Scientific experiments were conducted, including observation of the sun. The Soyuz 24 crew departed on 25 February. The short mission was apparently related to Salyut 5 starting to run low on propellant for its main engines and attitude control system.<ref name=RSW/>

The [[Cancelled Soyuz missions|fourth planned mission]], which would have been designated Soyuz 25 if launched, was intended to visit the station for two weeks in July 1977.<ref name=EA-S25/> It would have been crewed by cosmonauts [[Anatoly Berezovoy]] and [[Mikhail Lisun]]; the backup crew for the Soyuz 24 mission. The mission was cancelled for the above-mentioned shortage of propellant.<ref name=EA-Almaz/> The spacecraft which was constructed for the Soyuz 25 mission was reused for the [[Soyuz 30]] mission to [[Salyut 6]]. Since it could not be refuelled, and no longer had the fuel to sustain crewed operations, the KSI recoverable capsule was ejected and returned to Earth on 26 February. Salyut 5 was deorbited on 8 August 1977 and burned up as it [[atmospheric reentry|reentered]] the Earth's atmosphere.<ref name=EA-Almaz/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Soviet Union|Spaceflight}}
*[[Space station]] for statistics of occupied space stations
*[[Salyut]]
*[[TKS spacecraft]]
*[[Almaz]]
*[[Mir]]
*[[Skylab]]
*[[International Space Station]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="anikeev_2010">{{cite web
| author1= Alexander Anikeev
| title= Soyuz-21
| url= http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/machines/s21.sht
| work= Manned Astronautics, Figures and Facts
| access-date= 31 December 2010
| url-status= dead
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110319191201/http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/machines/s21.sht
| archive-date= 19 March 2011 }}
</ref>

<ref name="EA-Almaz">{{cite encyclopedia
| author1= Mark Wade
| title= Almaz
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/a/almaz.html
| encyclopedia= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date= 31 December 2010 }}
</ref>

<ref name="EA-S25">{{cite encyclopedia
| author1= Mark Wade
| title= Soyuz 25A
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuz25a.html
| encyclopedia= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date= 2 January 2011 }}
</ref>

<ref name="LL">{{cite web
| author1= Jonathan McDowell
| title=Launch Log
| url= https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/derived/launchlog.html
| work= Jonathan's Space Page
| access-date= 31 December 2010 }}
</ref>

<ref name="NSSDC">{{cite web
| title= Salyut 5
| url= https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-057A
| website= nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
| publisher= [[NASA]]
| access-date= 2 January 2011 }}
</ref>

<ref name="RSW">{{cite web
| author1= Anatoly Zak
| title= OPS-3 (Salyut-5) space station
| url= http://www.russianspaceweb.com/almaz_ops3.html
| work= RussianSpaceWeb
| access-date= 1 January 2011 }}
</ref>

}}

{{Almaz Program}}
{{Salyut Program}}
{{Space stations}}

{{Orbital launches in 1976}}

[[Category:1976 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1976 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Crewed spacecraft]]
[[Category:Salyut programme]]
[[Category:Soviet military spacecraft]]
[[Category:Almaz program]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1976]]

[[de:Saljut#Saljut 5 (Almas 3)]]