View source for Samuel Chase

{{Short description|Founding Father of the United States (1741–1811)}}
{{other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Salmon P. Chase}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name        = Samuel Chase
|image       = John Wesley Jarvis - Samuel Chase - NPG.67.2 - National Portrait Gallery.jpg
|caption     = Portrait by [[John Wesley Jarvis]] in the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]] collection, 1811
|office      = [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]
|nominator   = [[George Washington]]
|term_start  = February 4, 1796<!-- Term start date as per www.supremecourt.gov, reflects date oath taken -->
|term_end    = June 19, 1811
|predecessor = [[John Blair Jr.|John Blair]]
|successor   = [[Gabriel Duvall]]
|office1      = Member of the Maryland General Assembly
|term_start1  = 1765
|term_end1    = 1785
|birth_date  = {{birth date|1741|4|17}}
|birth_place = [[Somerset County, Maryland|Somerset County]], [[Province of Maryland|Maryland]], [[British America]]
|death_date  = {{death date and age|1811|6|19|1741|4|17}}
|death_place = [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], U.S.
|party       = [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
|spouse      = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Anne Baldwin|1762|1776|reason=died}}
* {{marriage|Hannah Kilty|1784}}
}}
|children    = 9
|signature   = Samuel Chase Signature.svg
|nickname    = Old Bacon Face<br>Demosthenes of Maryland<ref name=HOM>{{cite book |last=Scharf |first=John Thomas |date=1879 |title=History of Maryland: 1765–1812  |url=https://archive.org/details/historymaryland02thomgoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/historymaryland02thomgoog/page/n212 179]|publisher=Hatboro, Pa., Tradition Press }}</ref>
}}
'''Samuel Chase''' (April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811) was a [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father of the United States]], signer of the [[Continental Association]] and [[United States Declaration of Independence]] as a representative of [[Maryland]], and [[Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court]].<ref name=Bernstein2001>{{cite book |last=Bernstein|first=Richard B. |author-link=Richard B. Bernstein |title=The Founding Fathers Reconsidered | chapter=Appendix: The Founding Fathers: A Partial List |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |orig-date=2009 |isbn=978-0199832576 |location=New York |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersr0000bern/page/176/mode/2up}}</ref> In 1804, Chase [[Impeachment of Samuel Chase|was impeached]] by the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] on grounds of letting his partisan leanings affect his court decisions, but was acquitted the following year by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and remained in office. He is the only United States Supreme Court Justice to have ever been impeached.

Born near [[Princess Anne, Maryland]], Chase established a legal practice in [[Annapolis, Maryland]]. He served in the [[Maryland General Assembly]] for several years and favored independence during the [[American Revolution]]. He won election to the [[Continental Congress]] before serving on the [[Baltimore]] District Criminal Court and the Maryland General Court. In 1796, President [[George Washington]] appointed Chase to the United States Supreme Court.

After the [[1800 United States elections|1800 elections]], President [[Thomas Jefferson]] and the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republicans]] sought to weaken [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] influence on the [[Federal judiciary of the United States|federal courts]]. Chase's actions on the court had been accused of demonstrating bias, and Jefferson believed that Chase should be removed from office, a process that required a vote in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House passed eight [[articles of impeachment]], all centering on Chase's alleged political bias. The Senate voted to acquit Chase on all counts, and Chase served on the Supreme Court until his death in 1811.<ref name=SCOTUSjustices>{{cite web |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx |title=Justices 1789 to Present |publisher=Supreme Court of the United States |location=Washington, D.C. |accessdate=February 14, 2022}}</ref> Some historians have argued that Chase's acquittal set an important precedent regarding the independence of the federal judiciary.

==Early life==
[[File:Coat of Arms of Samuel Chase.svg|175px|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of Samuel Chase]]
Samuel Chase was the son of the Reverend Thomas Chase (c. 1703–1779) and his wife, Matilda Walker (1705–1741), born near [[Princess Anne, Maryland]].<ref name=mdoe>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Chase, Samuel (1741–1811) |encyclopedia=Maryland Online Encyclopedia (MdOE) |publisher=Maryland Online Encyclopedia, a joint project of the [[Maryland Historical Society]], the Maryland Humanities Council, the [[Enoch Pratt Free Library]], and the Maryland State Department of Education |year=2005 |url=http://www.mdoe.org/chasesamuel.html |access-date=December 5, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509001446/http://www.mdoe.org/chasesamuel.html |archive-date=May 9, 2008 }}</ref> His father was a clergyman who immigrated to [[Somerset County, Maryland|Somerset County]] to become a priest in a new church. Samuel was educated at home. He was eighteen when he left for [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]] where he studied law under attorney John Hall.<ref name="mdoe" /> He was admitted to the bar in 1761<ref name="SCHS">{{cite web
 | title =Samuel Chase
 | publisher =The Supreme Court Historical Society
 | url =http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_associates/007.html
 | access-date = December 5, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070713052523/http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_associates/007.html |archive-date = July 13, 2007}}<!-- Bot retrieved archive --></ref> and started a law practice in Annapolis. It was during his time as a member of the bar that his colleagues gave him the nickname of "Old Bacon Face", either due to his proneness for a facial flush when angered or excited or due to his general ruddy complexion in general, or both.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuel Chase {{!}} Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence |date=May 25, 2022 |url=https://www.dsdi1776.com/signer/samuel-chase/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=James W. Pfister: Justices Samuel Chase, Clarence Thomas and judicial independence |url=https://news.yahoo.com/james-w-pfister-justices-samuel-073024859.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Yahoo News |date=April 30, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In May 1762, Chase married Anne Baldwin, daughter of Thomas and Agnes Baldwin. Samuel and Anne had three sons and four daughters, with only four surviving to adulthood.<ref name="mdoe" /> Anne died in 1776. In 1784, Chase traveled to England to deal with Maryland's [[Bank of England]] stock, where he met Hannah Kilty, daughter of Samuel Giles, a [[Berkshire]] physician. They were married later that year and had two daughters, Hannah and Elisa.<ref name="mdoe" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://colonialhall.com/chase/chaseAnn.php|title=Biography of Anne Baldwin Chase – Colonial Hall|access-date=September 29, 2011|archive-date=April 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427010437/http://colonialhall.com/chase/chaseAnn.php|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Anne Baldwin Chase (Mrs. Samuel Chase) and her daughters Anne and Matilda Chase.jpg|thumb|Anne Baldwin Chase and her daughters Anne and Matilda Chase]]

Chase was a slaver who owned 15 enslaved people at his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000200/000235/html/ndnbchase.html|title=Samuel Chase, New Dictionary of National Biography Entry|access-date=September 29, 2024}}</ref>

==Political career==
In 1762, Chase was expelled from the Forensic Club, an Annapolis debating society, for "extremely irregular and indecent" behavior.<ref name=mdoe/> In 1764, Chase was elected to the [[Maryland General Assembly]] where he served for 20 years.<ref name="SCHS" /> 

In 1766, he became embroiled in a war of words with a number of loyalist members of the Maryland political establishment. In an open letter dated July 18, 1766, Chase attacked Walter Dulany, [[George H. Steuart (planter)|George Steuart]] (1700–1784), [[John Brice Jr.|John Brice]] (1705–1766), and others for publishing an article in the ''[[Maryland Gazette|Maryland Gazette Extraordinary]]'' of June 19, 1766, in which Chase was accused of being: "a busy, reckless incendiary, a ringleader of mobs, a foul-mouthed and inflaming son of discord and faction, a common disturber of the public tranquility". In his response, Chase accused Steuart and the others of "vanity...pride and arrogance", and of being brought to power by "proprietary influence, court favour, and the wealth and influence of the tools and favourites who infest this city."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3qTukW8wzJkC&dq=george+steuart&pg=PA363 Sanderson, John J, p. 67, ''Biography of the Signers To the Declaration of Independence'', Volume 5, published by R W Pomery (1823).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105121629/https://books.google.com/books?id=3qTukW8wzJkC&pg=PA363&dq=george+steuart&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=1&ei=Bn1PS8G9LpeGygTzueHiCw&cd=6#v=onepage&q=george%20steuart&f=false |date=January 5, 2016 }} Retrieved January 21, 2010.</ref>

In 1769, he started construction of the mansion that would become known as the [[Chase–Lloyd House]], which he sold unfinished in 1771. The house is now a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=932&ResourceType=Building|title=Chase–Lloyd House|access-date=2008-06-16|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308091203/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=932&ResourceType=Building|archive-date=2009-03-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> He co-founded [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County's]] [[Sons of Liberty]] chapter with his close friend [[William Paca]], as well as leading opposition to the [[1765 Stamp Act]].<ref name="mdoe" />

From 1774 to 1776, Chase was a member of the [[Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)|Annapolis Convention]]. He served on [[Maryland]]'s [[Committee of safety (American Revolution)|Council of Safety]] in 1775.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuel Chase, MSA SC 3520-235 |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000200/000235/html/235bio.html? |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=msa.maryland.gov}}</ref> He represented Maryland at the Continental Congress, was re-elected in 1776 and signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence]].<ref name="SCHS" /> He remained in the Continental Congress until 1778. Chase was elected to the 1788 [[Maryland Ratifying Convention]] to ratify the proposed [[Constitution of the United States|1787 Constitution]]. In the Convention, Chase was a prominent [[Anti-Federalist]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://csac.history.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/281/2017/07/MD-Biographical-Gazetteer-for-Tim.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=August 6, 2021 |archive-date=August 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806082156/https://csac.history.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/281/2017/07/MD-Biographical-Gazetteer-for-Tim.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> though despite his efforts Maryland became the [[Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution|seventh state to ratify]].

==Judicial career==
In 1786, Chase moved to Baltimore, which remained his home for the rest of his life. In 1788, he was appointed [[chief justice]] of the District Criminal Court in Baltimore and served until 1796. In 1791, he became Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court, again serving until 1796.<ref name=SCHS/> On January 26, 1796, President George Washington nominated Chase as an associate justice of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]; the [[U.S. Senate]] confirmed his appointment the following day.<ref>{{cite report| last=McMillion| first=Barry J.| date= January 28, 2022| title=Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President| url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL33225.pdf| publisher=Congressional Research Service| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=February 14, 2022}}</ref> Chase was [[Oath of office#Federal judiciary oaths|sworn into office]] on February 4, 1796, and served on the Court until his death on June 19, 1811.<ref name=SCOTUSjustices/>

===Impeachment===
{{see main|Impeachment of Samuel Chase}}

President Thomas Jefferson, alarmed at the seizure of power by the judiciary through the claim of exclusive judicial review, led his party's efforts to remove the Federalists from the bench. His allies in Congress had, shortly after his inauguration, repealed the [[Midnight Judges Act|Judiciary Act of 1801]], abolishing the lower courts created by the legislation and terminating their Federalist judges despite lifetime appointments; Chase, two years after the repeal in May 1803, had denounced it in his charge to a Baltimore [[grand jury]], saying that it would "take away all security for property and personal liberty, and our Republican constitution will sink into a [[Mob rule|mobocracy]]."<ref name=rehn>Rehnquist, William H. ''Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson.'' Quill: 1992, p. 52.</ref> Earlier in April 1800, Chase, acting as a district judge, had made strong attacks upon [[Thomas Cooper (American politician, born 1759)|Thomas Cooper]], who had been indicted under the [[Alien and Sedition Acts]]; Chase had taken the air of a prosecutor rather than a judge.<ref>[http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_03_3_watkins.pdf The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions; Guideposts of Limited Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826161825/http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_03_3_watkins.pdf |date=August 26, 2014 }} by WILLIAM J. WATKINS, JR.</ref> Also in 1800, when a [[New Castle Court House Museum|grand jury]] in [[New Castle, Delaware]] declined to indict a local printer, Chase refused to discharge them, saying he was aware of one specific printer whom he wished them to indict for seditious behavior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/tu_sedbio_chase.html|title=The Sedition Act Trials – Historical Background and Documents|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|access-date=February 4, 2015|archive-date=February 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204194517/http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/tu_sedbio_chase.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Jefferson saw the attack as indubitable bad behavior and an opportunity to reduce the Federalist influence on the judiciary by impeaching Chase, launching the process from the White House when he wrote to Congressman [[Joseph Hopper Nicholson]] of Maryland, asking: "Ought the seditious and official attack [by Chase] on the principles of our Constitution . . .to go unpunished?"<ref>Jerry W. Knudson, "The Jeffersonian Assault on the Federalist Judiciary, 1802–1805: Political Forces and Press Reaction," ''American Journal of Legal History'' 1970 14(1): 55–75; Richard Ellis, "The Impeachment of Samuel Chase," in ''American Political Trials,'' ed. by Michael R. Belknap (1994) pp. 57–76, quote on p. 64.</ref>

On March 12, 1804, the House voted 73 to 32 to [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeach]] Chase.{{cn|date=August 2022}} The House of Representatives voted on December 4, 1804 to adopt eight [[articles of impeachment]], one of which involved Chase's handling of the trial of [[John Fries]]. Two more focused on his conduct in the [[political libel]] trial of [[James T. Callender|James Callender]]. One article covered Chase's conduct with the New Castle grand jury, charging that he "did descend from the dignity of a judge and stoop to the level of an informer by refusing to discharge the grand jury, although entreated by several of the said jury so to do." Three articles focused on procedural errors made during Chase's adjudication of various matters, and an eighth was directed at his "intemperate and inflammatory … peculiarly indecent and unbecoming … highly unwarrantable … highly indecent" remarks while "charging" or authorizing a Baltimore grand jury.<ref name="HJ1">{{cite web |title=House Journal vol. 5 |url=https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/5/0#page/29/mode/2up |website=voteview.com |access-date=3 July 2022 |pages=33–45}}</ref> The United States Senate—controlled by the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans]]—began the [[Federal impeachment trial in the United States|impeachment trial]] of Chase on February 9, 1805, with Vice President [[Aaron Burr]] presiding and Virginia Representative John Randolph leading the prosecution.

All the counts involved Chase's work as a trial judge in lower circuit courts. (In that era, Supreme Court justices had the added duty of serving as individuals on circuit courts, a practice that was ended in the late 19th century.) The heart of the allegations was that political bias had led Chase to treat defendants and their counsel in a blatantly unfair manner. Chase's defense lawyers called the prosecution a political effort by his Republican enemies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dickenson |first=Al |date=2022-05-24 |title=Weaponizing Impeachment: Justice Samuel Chase and President Thomas Jefferson's Battle Over the Process |url=https://allthingsliberty.com/2022/05/weaponizing-impeachment-justice-samuel-chase-and-president-thomas-jeffersons-battle-over-the-process/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Journal of the American Revolution |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Senate Historical Office |title=Impeachment Trial of Justice Samuel Chase, 1804-05 |url=https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/impeachment/impeachment-chase.htm |access-date=2021-11-15}}</ref> In answer to the articles of impeachment, Chase argued that all of his actions had been motivated by adherence to precedent, judicial duty to restrain advocates from improper statements of law, and considerations of judicial efficiency.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

The Senate voted to acquit Chase of all charges on March 1, 1805. There were 34 senators present (25 Democratic-Republicans and 9 Federalists), and 23 votes were needed to reach the required two-thirds majority for conviction/removal from office. Of the eight votes taken, the closest vote was 18 for conviction/removal from office and 16 for acquittal in regards to the Baltimore grand jury charge.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BWRHToRZG18C&pg=PA238|title=Supreme Court A to Z|last=Jost|first=Kenneth|date=2012-03-14|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781608717446|language=en|access-date=October 10, 2018|archive-date=July 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726031813/https://books.google.com/books?id=BWRHToRZG18C&pg=PA238|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the only U.S. Supreme Court justice to have been impeached.<ref name=SCHS/> Judge [[Alexander Pope Humphrey]] recorded in the ''Virginia Law Register'' an account of the impeachment trial and acquittal of Chase.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Humphrey|first1=Alexander Pope|title=The Impeachment of Samuel Chase|journal=The Virginia Law Register|date=1899|volume=5|issue=5|pages=281–302|doi=10.2307/1098896|jstor=1098896}}</ref>

The impeachment raised constitutional questions over the nature of the judiciary and was an important point in series of efforts to define the appropriate extent of "judicial independence" in America, especially with regard to the Supreme Court and Constitution. It set de facto limits on the impeachment power, fixed the concept that the judiciary was prohibited from openly engaging in partisan politics in the same way, defined the role of the judge in a criminal jury trial, and clarified judicial "independence". The construction was largely attitudinal, as it modified political norms without their explicit codification.<ref>Keith E. Whittington, "Reconstructing the Federal Judiciary: The Chase Impeachment and the Constitution," ''Studies in American Political Development'' 1995 v9#1: 55–116.</ref>

The acquittal of Chase—by lopsided margins on several counts—set an unofficial precedent that many historians say helped ensure the so-called independence of the judiciary. As Chief Justice [[William Rehnquist]] noted in his book ''Grand Inquests'', some senators declined to convict Chase despite their partisan hostility to him, apparently because they doubted that the mere "quality" of his judging was grounds for removal.<ref name=rehn/> All impeachments of federal judges since Chase have been based on allegations of legal or ethical misconduct, not on judicial performance. For their part, federal judges were generally much more cautious than Chase in trying to avoid the appearance of political partisanship.

==Death and legacy==
Samuel Chase died of a heart attack in 1811. He was interred in what is now Baltimore's [[Old Saint Paul's Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html |title=Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices |access-date=2005-09-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050903032026/http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html |archive-date=September 3, 2005 |df=mdy-all }} [[Supreme Court Historical Society]] at [[Internet Archive]].</ref><ref>''See also'', Christensen, George A., ''Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited'', ''Journal of Supreme Court History'', Volume 33 Issue 1, pp. 17–41 (February 19, 2008), [[University of Alabama]].</ref> The [[World War II]] [[Liberty Ship]] {{SS|Samuel Chase}} was named in his honor.

==See also==
*[[List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States]]
* [[Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book |last=Abraham |first=Henry J. |author-link=Henry J. Abraham |title=Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court |url=https://archive.org/details/justicespresiden0000abra |url-access=registration |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |location=New York |isbn=0-19-506557-3 }}
* {{cite book |last=Cushman |first=Clare |title=The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 |edition=2nd |publisher=(Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books) |year=2001 |isbn=1-56802-126-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Frank |first=John P. |editor-last=Friedman |editor-first=Leon |editor-link=Leon Friedman (legal scholar) |editor2-last=Israel |editor2-first=Fred L. |title=The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions |publisher=Chelsea House Publishers |year=1995 |isbn=0-7910-1377-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/justicesofunited0000unse }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Hall |editor-first=Kermit L. |editor-link=Kermit L. Hall |title=The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |location=New York |isbn=0-19-505835-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall }}
* {{cite book | last =Haw | first =James |author2=F. F. Beirne |author3=R. S. Jett  | title =Stormy Patriot: the Life of Samuel Chase | publisher =Maryland Historical Society | year =1980 | location =Baltimore | isbn =0-938420-00-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Fenton S. |author2=Goehlert, Robert U. |title=The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography |publisher=Congressional Quarterly Books |year=1990 |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-87187-554-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/ussupremecourtbi0000mart }}
* {{cite book | last=Papenfuse | first=Edward C. |author-link=Edward C. Papenfuse | title=Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature. 2 Vol. Set | publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press | date =July 1, 1987 | location =Baltimore | isbn=0-8018-3570-4 }}
* {{cite book |last=Urofsky |first=Melvin I. |author-link=Melvin I. Urofsky |title=The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher=Garland Publishing |year=1994 |location=New York |page=590 |isbn=0-8153-1176-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv |url-access=registration }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{NIE Poster|year=1999|Chase, Samuel|Samuel Chase}}
{{Commonscat}}
* {{FJC Bio|nid=1379031}}
* [http://www.colonialhall.com/chase/chase.asp ColonialHall.com: Samuel Chase] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521220834/http://www.colonialhall.com/chase/chase.asp |date=May 21, 2008 }}
* [http://nabbhistory.salisbury.edu/resources/wroten/wroten_schase.html Samuel Chase, Freedom Firebrand&nbsp;– Delmarva Heritage Series]
* [[Oyez.org|Oyez Project]], [https://www.oyez.org/justices/samuel_chase/ Supreme Court media, Samuel Chase.]
* [http://www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/associate-justices/samuel-chase-1796-1811/ Samuel Chase], [[Supreme Court Historical Society]].
* [https://www.c-span.org/video/?26896-1/grand-inquests-historic-impeachments ''Booknotes'' interview with William Rehnquist on ''Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson'', July 5, 1992.]

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{{s-bef|before=[[John Blair Jr.|John Blair]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]|years=1796–1811}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gabriel Duvall]]}}
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{{Signers of the Continental Association}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chase, Samuel}}
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