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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sanok
| official_name = {{lang|pl|Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok}}<br /><small>Royal Free City of Sanok</small>
| motto = {{force singular}} ''Libera Regia Civitas''<br />Free Royal City|
| image_skyline = 0.2014 Sanok, von Kościuszkistrasse aus gesehen.JPG
| imagesize = 280px
| image_caption = Town panorama with the Cathedral and the [[Carpathian Mountains]] in the background.
| image_flag = POL Sanok flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Sanok COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = top
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Podkarpackie Voivodeship|name=Subcarpathian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sanok County|Sanok]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = Sanok <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Tomasz Matuszewski
| established_title = Established
| established_date = before 12th century
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1339
| area_total_km2 = 54.9
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_total = 36703<ref name="polskawliczbach.pl">{{cite web|url=http://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Sanok|title=Sanok » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, szkoły, kody pocztowe, wynagrodzenie, bezrobocie, zarobki, edukacja, tabele|website=www.polskawliczbach.pl|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = sanoczanin (male) <br/> sanoczanka (female) ([[Polish language|pl]])
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|49|33|N|22|13|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 38-500
| area_code = +48 13
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Poland|Car plates]]
| blank_info = RSA
| website = http://www.sanok.pl
}}
'''Sanok''' {{IPAc-pl|'|s|a|n|o|k}} (in full the '''Royal Free City of Sanok''' — {{langx|pl|Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok}}, {{langx|rue|Санок}}, ''Sanok'', {{langx|uk|Сянок or Cянік}}, ''Sianok'' or ''Sianik'', {{langx|la|Sanocum}}, {{langx|yi|סאָניק}}, ''Sūnik'' or ''Sonik'') is a town in the [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]] of southeastern [[Poland]]{{TERYT}} with 38,397 inhabitants, as of June 2016.<ref name="polskawliczbach.pl"/> Located on the [[San River]] and around {{cvt|52|km}} south of [[Przemyśl]], Sanok lies directly by the [[Carpathian Mountains]].

The town's history goes back almost a thousand years to when it was part of a [[Middle Ages|medieval]] trade route.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanok.pl/en/history-of-the-town/|title=History of the town « Oficjalna strona Miasta Sanoka|website=www.sanok.pl|access-date=20 June 2017|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207170900/http://www.sanok.pl/en/history-of-the-town/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Museum of Folk Architecture, Sanok|Museum of Folk Architecture]] as well as the refurbished [[Sanok Castle]] and Old Town are popular points of interest.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.staypoland.com/about_sanok.htm|title=Sanok - Tourism - Tourist Information - Sanok, Poland -|first=StayPoland Sp. z|last=o.o.|website=www.staypoland.com|access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref> The region also features a {{convert|70|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} trail for [[Hiking|hikers]] and cyclists.<ref name="auto"/>

==Geography==
The city of Sanok is the capital of [[Sanok County]] in the [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Subcarpathian Voivodeship]] in Poland. Previously, it was in the [[Krosno Voivodeship]] (1975–1998) and in the [[Ruthenian Voivodeship]] (1340–1772), which was part of the [[Cherven Cities]]/[[Red Ruthenia]] region, and in wider sense, of the [[Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Lesser Poland Province]] (not of [[Lesser Poland]] proper). Historically, it was part of the ''[[Sanok Land|Land of Sanok]]''.

This historic city is situated on the [[San River]] at the foot of [[Sanok Castle|Castle Hill]] in the [[Lesser Poland]] (''Małopolska'') region. It lies in a wooded, hilly area near the national road number 28, which runs along southern Poland, from [[Ustrzyki Dolne]] to [[Wadowice]] ({{convert|340|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} away). It is located in the heartland of the [[Pogórze Bukowskie]] part of [[Doły Jasielsko Sanockie|Doły (Pits)]], and its average elevation is {{convert|300|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]], although there are some hills located within the confines of the city.

Sanok is located on the bank of the river San. The area surrounding mountain range stretches between the [[Wisłok]], [[Osława]] and [[San River]]s in the [[Słonne Mountains Landscape Park|Salt Mountains]] ([[Central Beskidian Piedmont]]), in the inland with [[temperateness]] climate. The hills of the [[Bieszczady Mountains|Bieszczady]] [[mountain range]] are typical for this countryside. Sanok County is bordered by [[Krosno County]] to the west, [[Brzozów County]] to the north, [[Przemyśl County]] to the north-east and [[Lesko County]] to the east. It also borders [[Slovakia]] to the south. 
Before [[World War II]], the Oslawa and San Rivers line was designated the ''wild frontier'' between Poles and [[Lemko]]s.

The city is a member of [[Carpathian Euroregion]], which is designed to bring together the people who inhabit the region of the [[Carpathian Mountains]] and to facilitate their cooperation in the fields of science, culture, education, trade, tourism and economy.

==History==
===Middle Ages===
[[File:02016 0961 Silberne Ohrgehänge beim Grab mit Steinsetzung aus dem Friedhof von Trepcza-Sanok.JPG|thumb|left|upright|A 12th century earring found in Sanok]]

In 981, Sanok along with several other [[Cherven Cities|Cherven]] [[Grad (Slavic settlement)|gords]], then inhabited by the [[West Slavs|Slavic]] tribe of [[Lendians]], was made a part of [[Red Ruthenia]], when [[Vladimir I of Kiev]] invaded the area and took it over from [[Piast dynasty|Poland]]. In 1018, the settlement along with the surrounding region returned to Poland, and in 1031, was again recaptured by Rus'. In 1339, the town was given the [[Magdeburg rights|Magdeburg law]] by [[Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dziedzictwo.polska.pl/gal/118/150/15/big.jpg|title=City privilege in latin in:&#93; Digitalbibliothek of AGAD, Nr 7226.|access-date=20 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031052705/http://dziedzictwo.polska.pl/gal/118/150/15/big.jpg|archive-date=31 October 2008}}</ref>

Sanok was mentioned in the Ruthenian [[Hypatian Codex]] chronicle, where one can read that in the year 1150: ''The Hungarian King [[Géza II of Hungary]] crossed the mountains and seized the stronghold of Sanok with its governor as well as many villages in the [[Przemyśl]] area''. The same chronicle refers to Sanok twice more, stating that in 1205 it was the meeting place of a Ruthenian princess Anna and a Hungarian king, and that in 1231 a Ruthenian prince made an expedition to "Sanok - ''Hungarian Gate''".

During the [[Galicia–Volhynia Wars]], Sanok was seized by King [[Casimir III the Great|Casimir III of Poland]], who reconfirmed its municipal status on 25 April 1366, and made it a [[royal city in Poland|royal city]] of the Polish Crown. At that time Sanok became the centre of a new administrative district called [[Sanok Land]], a part of the [[Ruthenian Voivodeship]]. Several courts of justice operated in the town, including the municipal and rural courts of lower instance and also the higher instance court for the entire Sanok Land, based on the [[German town law]].<ref>"Thus the region adjoining the Carpathians and extending to a line [[Tarnów]]–[[Rzeszów]]–[[Jarosław]], the hithero almost uninhabited '''regio pedemontana''' was settled by German-speaking [[Silesian German|Silesian]]s and soon abounded in large [[Walddeutsche|Waldhufendorfer]] with Frankish hides and in towns whose German names were in many case identical with [[Toponymy|place-names]] in Silesia (Landskron, [[Grybów|Grunberg]], [...] Göttinger Arbeitskreis. [[East Germany|Eastern Germany]]. Holzner-Verlag, 1961. p. 79.</ref> Germans settled in the territory of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] (territory of present-day [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]) from the 14th to 16th centuries (''see {{Lang|de|[[History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe|Ostsiedlung]]}}''), mostly after the region returned to Poland in 1340, when [[Casimir III of Poland]] took the [[Cherven Cities|Czerwień towns]].

[[File:0162 Sanoker Königsschloss 2013.jpg|thumb|[[Sanok Castle|Sanok Royal Castle]]]]

[[Marcin Bielski]] states that [[Bolesław I the Brave]] had settled some Germans in the region to defend the borders against Hungary and Kievan Rus', who later turned to farming. [[Maciej Stryjkowski]] mentions German peasants near [[Przeworsk]], [[Przemyśl]], Sanok, and [[Jarosław]], describing them as good farmers. The region was also traditionally inhabited by subgroups of the [[Rusyn people]]: [[Lemko]]s and [[Boykos]].

===Modern period===
As early at the 17th century, an important [[trade route]] went across Sanok connecting the interior of Hungary with Poland through the [[Łupków Pass]]. As a result of the [[First Partition of Poland]] (Treaty of St-Petersburg dated 5 July 1772), Sanok was attributed to the [[Habsburg monarchy]].<ref>Atlas des peuples d'Europe centrale, André et Jean Sellier, 1991, p.88</ref> At that time the area (including west and east of Subcarpathian Voivodship) became known as the [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] province. For more details, see the article [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]].
[[File:02014 Der Marktplatz in Sanok.JPG|left|thumb|Main Market Square in Sanok]]
In the mid-18th century, 47.7% of the town's population was Roman Catholic (Polish), 36.4% Jewish, and 14.7% Greek Catholic (Ruthenian).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Motylkiewicz |first1=Jerzy |editor1-last=Hann |editor1-first=C. M. |editor2-last=Magocsi |editor2-first=Paul R. |title=Galicia: A Multicultured Land |date=2005 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |isbn=978-0802037817 |page=37 |chapter=Ethnic Communities in the Towns of the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries}}</ref>

The [[Galician slaughter|Galician peasant revolt]] took place in the region during the [[revolutions of 1848]].

The course of the river [[Dunajec]] and that of the [[San (river)|San]], both in West Galicia, marked the two successive stages in the breakthrough battle which initiated the Austro-German offensive of 1915 on the eastern front. An attempt to hold the line of the Wisłok river and the [[Łupków Pass]] failed before renewed Austro-German attacks on 8 May 1915. [[Wisłok]] Valley was one of the strategically important Carpathian rivers bitterly contested in battles on the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] of World War I during the winter of 1914–1915.<ref>"''The Pursuit and Battles at Sanok and Rzeszów (May 6).''—After his severe defeat, [[Radko Dimitriev]]'s plan was to hold the Łupków Pass with his left wing, and, supported upon this, to bring the pursuit to a stand on the line [[Nowotaniec]]&ndash;[[Besko]]-right bank of the [[Wisłok]], where there were positions favoured by the lay of the ground, and then, between the [[Vistula]] and the Wisłok, on the line Wielopole-Rzeszów&ndash;[[Mielec]]. Here he proposed to reconstitute his units, which had fallen into great disorder, and to strengthen them by bringing up reserves.

Troops were sent to him from other fronts, and by the 8th he could again dispose of 18 inf. divs., 5 cav. divs. and 5 Reichswehr bdes. The orders were that the offensive was to be continued with all possible vigour. Mackensen's army was to push forward over the stretch of the Wisłok between Besko and [[Frysztak]] on [[Mrzygłód]] and [[Tyczyn]], and the [[Archduke Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany|Archduke Joseph Ferdinand]] on Rzeszów, while [[Svetozar Boroević|Boroevic]] was to roll up [[Aleksei Brusilov|Brussilov's]] VIII. Russian Army in the direction of Sanok. [[Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli|Bohm's]] II. Austrian Army was to join up corps by corps from the left wing in proportion to the progress of the attack."{{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Dunajec-San, Battles of the |volume=30 |page=864 |first=Ernst |last=Joly}}</ref>

During [[World War I]], the Russian army occupied the town from May until July, 1915 and significantly damaged the town.{{according to whom|date=June 2016}} The town was subsequently occupied by troops of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]].

In 1918 Poland regained independence and control of the town and within the interwar [[Second Polish Republic]] it was the seat of the Sanok County in the [[Lwów Voivodeship]]. Sanok was known as a centre of [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] movement in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], and of [[cultural heritage]] of the [[Lemkos]] and other [[Rusyns]].

<gallery class="center">
Sanok od polnocy ante 1936 (42178115) (cropped).jpg|Sanok, before 1936
Sanok, Rynek ante 1936 (44128786).jpg|Sanok in the interwar period
Sanok, ul. Jagiellonska ante 1936 (42178028) (cropped).jpg|Jagiellońska Street, before 1936
Sanok, Rynek (wydzial powiatowy i fara) ante 1936 (44129017) (cropped).jpg|Market square, before 1936
Zamek w Sanoku 1892-1897 (14982634) (cropped).jpg|Castle, before 1897
</gallery>

===World War II===
[[File:Mass grave of executed on Gruszka mountain 1942 at Central Cemetery in Sanok.jpg|thumb|left|Mass grave of Poles massacred by the Germans at the Gruszka mountain]]
The Jewish population of Sanok may have comprised nearly 30% of the total population in the early 20th century. During the joint German–Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]], in September 1939, it was invaded by Germany, and the ''[[Einsatzgruppen|Einsatzgruppe I]]'' entered the town on September 25, 1939 to commit various [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|atrocities against the populace]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|pages=58–59}}</ref> In 1939–1940, the Germans imprisoned many Poles in the local prison, especially those who tried to escape occupation to take refuge in [[Hungary]].<ref name=mw>Wardzyńska, p. 258</ref> The Germans then massacred 112 Poles at the Gruszka mountain near [[Tarnawa Dolna, Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Tarnawa Dolna]].<ref name=mw/> The victims are buried at the Central Cemetery in Sanok. At the beginning of the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation]] during [[World War II]], the Jewish population was around 5,000. During the occupation, most of the Jews were either executed or killed in [[Nazi death camps]] or [[Nazi concentration camps]] during [[the Holocaust]]. Some of the actions against the Jews were assisted by local auxiliaries and hundreds of the deaths occurred in Sanok itself,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Megargee |first1=Geoffrey |title=Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos |date=2012 |publisher=University of Indiana Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-35599-7 |page=Volume II 569–571}}</ref> while the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance movement]] established the secret [[Żegota|Polish Council to Aid Jews "Żegota"]], which operated in the town.<ref>{{cite book|last=Datner|first=Szymon|year=1968|title=Las sprawiedliwych|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=Książka i Wiedza|page=69}}</ref> Buildings that had been owned by Jews were taken over by the local population. The local Jewish cemetery still exists. Several hundred Jews are thought to have survived, most of whom fled to the Soviet Union at the beginning of the war. Some of the Jews emigrated to [[Canada]] and the [[United States]] in the early 1900s with Sanoker Burial Societies spreading throughout New York and other regions where they settled.

In 1942, Sanok was the location of the Stalag 327 [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]], following its relocation from [[Jarosław]] and before its further relocation to [[Przemyśl]].<ref name=ushm>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=323|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> Afterwards the present-day district of Olchowce was the location of a subcamp of Stalag 327, in which some 7,000-10,000 POWs died.<ref name=ushm/>

In 1943 the foundation of the [[14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galicia (1st Ukrainian)|Waffen-SS Division Galizien]] took place among the Ukrainian minority in Sanok, with many locals volunteering in the ethnic Ukrainian [[Waffen-SS]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} Because of material support and assistance provided by the Ukrainian minority to the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, which was waging a battle for Ukrainian [[separatism]] against the Polish state, new Soviet-installed [[People's Republic of Poland|communist]] authorities deported the Ukrainian (and Lemko) population of Sanok and its region to the [[Recovered Territories]] attached to Poland after World War II during [[Operation Vistula]] (1946–1947). Some of the Lemkos expelled returned to Sanok in 1957-58 and others after 1989.

Sanok contains an [[Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanoku|open-air museum]] called a [[wikt:skansen#Polish|skansen]] in the Biała Góra district, where examples of architecture from all of the region's main [[ethnic group]]s have been moved and carefully reassembled in a skansen evoking everyday rural life in the 19th century.

==Archaeology==
[[File:02016 Funde der Lausitzer Kultur aus Bachorz-Chodorowka, ausgestellt im Archäologischen Museum in Sanok.jpg|thumb|[[Lusatian culture]] pots on display at the Sanok's archaeology museum]]

Settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], the south-eastern Poland region that is now [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Subcarpathia]] was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the [[Celts]] ([[Anarti]]), [[Goths]] and [[Vandals]] ([[Przeworsk culture]] and [[Púchov culture]]). In the [[Middle Ages]], the area was inhabited by the [[Polish tribes|Polish tribe]] of [[Lendians]], and the area was also invaded by [[Hungarians]], before it eventually became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century.

The region subsequently became part of the [[Great Moravia]]n state. Upon the invasion of the [[Hungarian people|Hungarian tribes]] into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the [[Lendians]] of the area declared their allegiance to [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian Empire]]. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, [[Kievan Rus']] and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century.

The first traces of settlement in the area of modern Sanok date back to at least the 9th century. The following century a Slavic fortified town (''[[Grad (Slavic settlement)|gord]]'') was created there and initially served as a center of pagan worship. The etymology of the name is unclear, though most scholars derive it from the Celtic river-name ''[[San River|San]]''.<ref>"Puisqu'il est impossible de les enumerer tous citons moins: [[Brda (river)|Brda]], [[Brenna (river)|Brenna]], [[Bzura]], [[Drwęca]], [[Mroga]], [[Nida (river)|Nida]], [[Raba (Vistula)|Raba]], [[San (river)|San]], etc. [[Bzura]] selon [[Jan Rozwadowski]] correspond avec [[Brigulos]], [[Drwęca]] aves Druentia, [[Durance]], [[Nida (river)|Nida]] avec [[Nidder]], [[Raba (Vistula)|Raba]] avec [[Raab (river)|Raab]], '''San''' avec Sadne et [[Seine]]." [in:] Ethnologia Polona. Instytut Historii Kultury Materialnej ([[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polska Akademia Nauk]]). 1981. p. 49.</ref><ref>"[...] '''San''' (lateinische Graphie wie bei [[Sandomierz]], [[Santok]] usw. Vgl. altind. sindhu- "Fluß", den irischen GN ''[[River Shannon|Shannon]]'' und den Maizzufluß ''[[Sense and reference|Sinn]]''" [in:] [[Irena Kwilecka]]. Etnolingwistyczne i kulturowe związki Słowian z Germanami. Instytut Słowianoznawstwa [[Polish Academy of Sciences|PAN]]. 1987. {{ISBN|83-04-02472-1}} S. 64.</ref><ref>"An adouci en '''san''', ''[[Water|eau]]'', ''rivière''; stach, sinueux, qui tourne. Allusion au cours sinueux de la Charente". ''op. cit.'' Antiq. de France. [in:] Revue des études historiques. Société des études historiques. 1835. p.242.; [[Senne (rivière)|Senne]], nom propre de rivière. - Scène, ». Le lieu où l'on joue. — [[Seine]], sf, sorte de «lot. 17. Cen», sm, impôt. — ''San'', np ''Sen''», sm, jugement [...]". [in:] Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire. [[Ferdinand Buisson|Ferdinand Edouard Buisson]]. 1883. p. 980.</ref> Certain [[Archaeology|archaeological excavations]] performed on the castle hill and on ''Fajka hill'' near Sanok-[[Trepcza]], not only confirm the written resources, but date the Sanok stronghold origin to as early as the 9th century. On Fajka hill, where probably the first settlement of Sanok was situated, some remains of an ancient sanctuary and a cemetery were found, as well as numerous decorations and encolpions in Kievan type. Also found were two [[Seal (emblem)|seals]] of the Great Kievan Prince [[Rurik Rostislavich]] from the second half of the 12th century.

==Sights==
[[File:2013-09 ratusz, Rynek 16, XVIII, 2 poł. XIX nr rej. A282 z 31.08.1992.JPG|thumb|[[Neogothic]] town hall]]
* [[Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanoku|Skansen in Sanok]] - detailed houses, churches, cerkiews (Orthodox/[[Uniate]] churches of [[Lemkos]], [[Boykos]] etc.)
* [[Sanok Castle|Sanok castle]] and Icon collection - one of the largest collections of this in Central and Eastern Europe.
* Town square/Rynek
* Parish Church dating to the 19th century
* Franciscan Church dating to the 14th century.
Near the central town square and the previous Jewish ghetto, there is a valley where much of the Jewish population was murdered en masse by the Nazis during the Holocaust.

==Economy==
[[File:Bus depot at Lipińskiego Street in Sanok (2019)e.jpg|thumb|Sanok bus station]]
Sanok has a strong industry base - home to [[Sanok Rubber Company|Stomil Sanok]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Agencja Interaktywna Internet Designers |url=http://www.stomilsanok.com.pl/ukabout_orgakc.xml |title=Rubber Factor Stomil Sanok |publisher=Stomilsanok.com.pl |access-date=2013-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223061043/http://www.stomilsanok.com.pl/ukabout_orgakc.xml |archive-date=2013-02-23 }}</ref> (established in 1932) and Pass Gummiwerke plants, producers of various rubber and metal-rubber seals, strings and laggings for automotive sector, construction industries and electrical household goods sector, [[Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo|PGNiG]]<ref>[http://www.nafta-gaz.sanok.pl/index.php/en/ PGNiG S.A. Branch in Sanok is a forerunner of underground gas storing in Poland and currently is operating four underground gas storages of total working capacity of 705 MM standard cu.m]</ref> and Sanok Bus [[Automotive industry|Car Factory]] "[[Autosan]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autosan.com.pl/index.php?go=historia&menu=1 |title=Sanok Bus Car Factory |publisher=Autosan.com.pl |access-date=2013-02-14}}</ref> (established in 1832), a producer of high capacity buses, cabins for the [[Polish Armed Forces|Polish Army]] and bodies for rail-vehicles. Stomil is next to the main train station in Sanok and Autosan is a 10-minute walk from the station, while the town centre is a 15-minute walk in the other direction.

==Culture and education==
[[File:Library biblioteka Grzegorz z Sanoka.jpg|thumb|Library and the [[Grzegorz of Sanok]] Monument]]
The town has several public schools and a branch of the Polish High School of Technology. The town also has a football club called [[Stal Sanok]] and some other [[Sports club|sport clubs]] (including volleyball, swimming, handball, [[ice hockey]]). The [[Sanok Castle]] near the centre of the old town houses a museum displaying over 300 fine icons. The [[Museum of Folk Architecture, Sanok|Museum of Folk Architecture]] is one of the biggest [[open-air museum]]s in [[Poland]] and show cases 19th and early 20th century life in this area of Poland.

==Sport==
The city has two professional sports teams. The local [[ice hockey]] team is [[STS Sanok]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanok.hokej.sport24.pl/ |title=KH Sanok (pl) |publisher=Sanok.hokej.sport24.pl |access-date=2013-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122222001/http://www.sanok.hokej.sport24.pl/ |archive-date=2012-11-22 }}</ref> which has won the [[Polska Liga Hokejowa|Polska Hokej Liga]] league title twice, in the [[2011–12 Polska Liga Hokejowa season|2011/2012]] and [[2013–14 Polska Liga Hokejowa season|2013/2014]] season. They won the [[Polish Cup (ice hockey)|Polish Cup]] twice, in 2010-11 and 2011–12. The local football club is [[Stal Sanok]], which competes in the lower leagues.
[[File:PHL final 2014 Sanok - Tychy burning cap.jpg|thumb|[[STS Sanok]] celebrating the Polish championship in 2014]]

There many sports facilities in Sanok and the main complex of those facilities is The Civic Sports and Recreation Centre, situated near the [[San River]]. The Centre includes: the artificial speed skating oval Tor Błonie, a complex of indoor and outdoor swimming pools, a hotel, a tourist hostel, a camp-site, a sports stadium with technical facilities, etc. There is also another artificial ice rink in the centre of the town, designed for ice hockey and managed by the ice hockey club [[STS Sanok]]. There are two more sports facilities at Stróżowska street: a stadium of sports club [[Stal Sanok]], and a gymnasium of the Technical Schools Complex.

In winter, a ski-lift operates in the nearby [[Karlików]].

==Notable people==
*[[Katarzyna Bachleda-Curuś]] (born 1980), speed skater
*[[Tomasz Beksiński]] (1958–1999), radio presenter
*[[Zdzisław Beksiński]] (1929–2005), painter, photographer, sculptor
*Rena Bernstein (born 1938), only child survivor of 30,000 Jews in South Eastern Poland [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enRKpT1Bs3w&t=10650s]
*[[Adam Fastnacht]] (1913–1987), Polish historian
*[[Jan Grodek]] (?–1554), nine-time rector of Jagiellonian University
*[[Shlomo Halberstam (first Bobover rebbe)|Szlomo Halberstam]] (1847–1905), first [[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)|Bobover]] [[Rebbe]]
*[[Mikołaj Kamieniecki]](1460–1515), nobleman 
*[[Juliusz Kühl]] (1913–1985), Polish diplomat
*[[Piotr Michalski]] (born 1994), speed skater
*[[Jerzy Mniszech]] (c. 1548–1613), nobleman
*[[Ryszard Pacławski]] (born 1958), lawyer
*[[Marian Pankowski]] (1919–2011), resistance fighter of World War II
*[[Zdzisław Peszkowski]] (1918–2007), survivor of the Katyn massacre 
*[[Meir Shapiro|Majer Szapira]] (1887–1933), first Orthodox Jew to become a member in the Sejm (Parliament)
*{{ill|Janusz Szuber|pl|Janusz Szuber|de|Janusz Szuber|ru|Шубер, Януш}} (1947-2020), poet, author and journalist
*[[Kazimierz Świtalski]] (1886–1962), politician and diplomat 
*[[Tadeusz Vetulani]] (1897–1952), agriculturalist and biologist
*[[Frank-Wojnarowski]] (1921–1966), American Polish Orchestra leader [http://www.ipapolkas.com/blog/otw-portfolio/frank-wojnarowski-living-category-inducted-1970/]

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
| type = 
| footnote = 
| title = Census population and average annual growth rate
| percentages = pagr
| 1589|1700
|1880|5121|1890|5559|1900|6365
|1931|14262|1939|17862|1950|11491|1960|17141
| 2000|41401
|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=55}}</ref>}}
In the mid-18th century, Roman Catholics constituted 48.7% of the population, people of Jewish faith 36.5%, and 14.7% of the inhabitants belonged to the Greek Catholic Church.<ref>J. Motylkiewicz. "Ethnic Communities in the Towns of the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries". C. M. Hann, P. R. Magocsi ed. ''Galicia: A Multicultured Land''. [[University of Toronto Press]]. 2005. p. 37.</ref>

In 1900, the town had 6123 inhabitants, 57% [[Polish people|Polish]], 30% [[Jew]]ish, and the remainder of various [[Rusyns|Rusyn]] ethnicities ([[Boyko]], [[Lemkos]], etc.), and others. The town's large population of [[Jew]]s were almost all murdered during [[the Holocaust]].
;Ethnic Groups
*[[Polish people|Poles]]
{{Main|Pogorzans}}

==See also==
* [[Folk Dance Ensemble Sanok]]
* [[Petroleum Trail]]
* [[Monuments and memorial sites in Sanok]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sanok}}
{{Wikivoyage|Sanok}}
* [http://www.sanok.pl/ Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, official website]
* [http://esanok.pl/camera.html Webcam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224154737/http://esanok.pl/camera.html |date=2007-12-24 }}
* [http://www.zozsanok.pl Szpital Specjalistyczny w Sanoku]
* [https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Sanok/ Sanok] at KehilaLinks
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|527272|Sanok, Poland}}

{{Sanok County}}
{{Gmina Sanok}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sanok| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Sanok County]]
[[Category:Magdeburg rights]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]