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{{short description|Shiny, fragile fabric weave pattern, with long floats}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Baronette|baronet|Baron{{!}}baroness|Baronett (disambiguation){{!}}Baronett}}
{{other uses|Satin (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
[[File:Satin weave in silk 90.jpg|thumb|Satin weave. The warp yarns are shown running top to bottom, weft running sideways folding at each side. In this case, each warp thread floats over 15 weft threads, then passes under one weft thread, then floats for 15 more threads.]]
[[File:Satin bedding.jpg|thumb|Purple satin fabric]]
[[File:1884 reception dress, silk satin and brocade with chenille fringe 08.jpg|alt=satin cloth|thumb|376x376px|A dress made from satin.]]
A '''satin''' weave is a type of [[Textile|fabric]] weave that produces a characteristically glossy, smooth or lustrous material, typically with a glossy top surface and a dull back; it is not durable, as it tends to snag. It is one of three fundamental types of textile [[Weaving|weaves]] alongside [[plain weave]] and [[Twill|twill weave]].

The satin weave is characterised by four or more fill or [[Warp and weft|weft]] yarns floating over a [[Warp and weft|warp]] yarn, and four warp yarns floating over a single weft yarn. Floats are missed interfacings, for example where the warp yarn lies on top of the weft in a warp-faced satin. These floats explain the high lustre and even sheen, as unlike in other weaves, light is not scattered as much when hitting the fibres, resulting in a stronger reflection. Satin is usually a warp-faced weaving technique in which warp yarns are "floated" over weft yarns, although there are also weft-faced satins.<ref>Emery, Irene (1994). ''The Primary Structures of Fabrics.'' Washington, D. C. Thames and Hudson. p. 137. {{ISBN|978-0-500-28802-3}}.</ref> If a fabric is formed with a satin weave using [[Staple (textiles)|filament]] fibres such as [[silk]], [[polyester]] or [[nylon]], the corresponding fabric is termed a 'satin', although some definitions insist that a satin fabric is only made from silk.<ref>Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary, 1977.</ref> If the yarns used are [[Staple (textiles)|short-staple]] yarns such as [[cotton]], the fabric formed is considered a [[sateen]].

Many variations can be made of the basic satin weave, including a granite weave and a check weave.

Satin is commonly used in clothing, for items such as [[lingerie]], [[nightgown]]s, [[blouse]]s, and [[evening gown]]s, but is also used for [[boxer shorts]], [[shirt]]s and [[necktie]]s. It is also used in the production of [[pointe shoe]]s for [[ballet]]. Other uses include interior furnishing fabrics, upholstery, and [[bedding]].

== History ==
[[File:Robe a la Française c. 1765.jpg|thumb|upright|Satin robe. English, {{circa|1765}}]]

=== China ===
{{See also|History of silk}}
Satin was originally made solely of [[silk]], which, for much of history, was produced and found mainly in [[China]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Oxford dictionary of word origins|date=2010|others=Julia Cresswell, Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-954793-7|edition=Second|location=New York|pages=381|oclc=663824301}}</ref> In {{clarify span|text=ancient|reason=What time period?|date=March 2022}} China, various forms of satin fabrics existed, which came under several names, such as {{Transliteration|zh|duan}} ({{lang|zh|缎}}), {{Transliteration|zh|zhusi}} ({{lang|zh|紵丝}}), {{Transliteration|zh|ling}} ({{lang|zh|绫}}), {{Transliteration|zh|jin}} ({{lang|zh|锦}}), {{Transliteration|zh|wusi}} ({{lang|zh|五丝}}) and {{Transliteration|zh|basi}} ({{lang|zh|八丝}}).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Bao|first=Mingxin|date=1986|title=Early history of Satin|url=https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DHDZ198601012.htm|access-date=2021-04-21|website=en.cnki.com.cn|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308203553/https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DHDZ198601012.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chinese satin, in its original form, was supposed to be a five- or six-end warp satin.<ref name=":0" /> The six-end warp satin weave was mostly likely a derivative of the six-end warp twill weave during the [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] and [[Song dynasty|Northern Song dynasty]] periods.<ref name=":0" />

=== Europe ===
Silk satin was introduced to Europe during the 12th century.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} As an imported fabric, it was considerably expensive, and was worn only by the upper classes.

== Etymology ==
The word "satin" derives its origin from the Chinese port city of [[Quanzhou]] ({{lang|zh|泉州}}),<ref name=":0" /> which was known as ''Zayton'' in Europe and Arab countries during the [[Yuan dynasty]] (13th–14th century).<ref name=":1">{{cite book|author=Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&q=zayton+satin&pg=PA221|title=Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective|publisher=Presses de l'Université du Québec|year=2009|isbn=978-2-7605-1588-8|page=221|access-date=2010-11-28}}</ref> During that period, Quanzhou was visited by [[Economic history of the Arab world|Arab merchants]] and by [[Europeans]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite book|author=James E Glevin|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|title=The Modern Middle East: A History|page=21}}</ref> The Arabs referred to silk satin imported from Quanzhou as {{Transliteration|ar|zaituni}}.<ref name=":1" /> During the latter part of the Middle Ages, Quanzhou was a major shipping port of silk, using the [[Maritime Silk Road]] to reach Europe. It was mostly used in the [[Arab world]].

==Types of satin weave==
Satin-weave fabrics are more flexible, with better draping characteristics than plain weaves. In a satin weave, the fill yarn passes over multiple warp yarns before interlacing under one warp yarn. Common satin weaves are:<ref>{{cite web|title=Woven fabric style guide |publisher=ACP Composites |url=http://www.acpsales.com/pages.php?pageid=35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160703010930/http://www.acpsales.com/pages.php?pageid=35 |archive-date=3 July 2016}}</ref>
* 4-harness satin weave (4HS), also called [[crowfoot satin]], in which the fill yarn passes over three warp yarns and under one warp yarn. It is more pliable than a plain weave.
* 5-harness satin weave (5HS); the fill yarn passes over four warp yarns and then under one warp yarn.
* 8-harness satin weave (8HS), in which the fill yarn passes over seven warp yarns and then under one warp yarn, is the most pliable satin weave.

==Types of satin==
* [[Antique satin]] – is a type of satin-back [[shantung (fabric)|shantung]], woven with slubbed or unevenly spun weft yarns.<ref name="SwatchGuide">{{cite book |last=Young |first=Deborah |date=2015 |title=Swatch Reference Guide to Fashion Fabrics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6h7ZBQAAQBAJ&q=Antique+satin&pg=PA117-IA47 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |page=117 |isbn=978-1628926569 |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Rowe |first=T. |date=2009 |title=Interior Textiles: Design and Developments |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lY2kAgAAQBAJ&q=Antique+satin+fabric&pg=PA69 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |page=69 |isbn=978-1845696870 |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
* Baronet or baronette – has a cotton back and a rayon or silk front, similar to [[georgette (fabric)|georgette]].<ref name=valc1>{{cite book |last=Cumming |first=Valerie |title=The dictionary of fashion history |year=2010 |publisher=Berg |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1847887382 |page=231 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glBf_El4Qd4C&pg=PA231 |author2=Cunnington, C.W. |author3=Cunnington, P.E. }}</ref>
* [[Charmeuse]] – is a lightweight, draping satin-weave fabric with a dull reverse.{{sfn|Shaeffer|2003|p=123}}
* [[Cuttanee]] – fine heavy and stout silk and cotton satin
* Double face(d) – satin is woven with a glossy surface on both sides. It is possible for both sides to have a different pattern, albeit using the same colours.{{sfn|Shaeffer|2003|p=124}}
* [[Duchesse]] satin – is a particularly luxurious, heavy, stiff satin.{{sfn|Shaeffer|2003|p=124}}
* Faconne – is [[jacquard woven]] satin.<ref name=lew>{{cite book|last=Lewandowski|first=Elizabeth J.|title=The complete costume dictionary|year=2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press, Inc.|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=9780810877856|page=309}}</ref>
* Farmer's satin or Venetian cloth – is made from [[mercerised cotton]].<ref name=lew/>
* Gattar – is satin made with a silk warp and a cotton weft.<ref>{{cite book |last=Maitra |first=K.K. |title=Encyclopaedic dictionary of clothing and textiles |year=2007 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788183242059 |pages=185 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jwHv0mmIagQC&pg=PA185 }}</ref>
* Messaline – is lightweight and loosely woven.{{sfn|Shaeffer|2003|p=128}}
* Polysatin or poly-satin – is an abbreviated term for polyester satin.
* Slipper satin – is stiff and medium- to heavy-weight fabric.{{sfn|Shaeffer|2008|p=238}}
* Sultan – is a [[worsted]] fabric with a satin face.<ref name=lew/>
* Surf satin – was a 1910s American trademark for a [[taffeta]] fabric used for [[swimsuit]]s.{{sfn|Shaeffer|2003|p=282}}

==Uses for satin==
Because of the different ways the weave is employed, satin has a range of functions from interior décor to fashion.

* Dresses: Satin's drape and shiny texture make it a favorite for evening gowns and bridal gowns. Nowadays, many vendors are using it to make Satin Shirts.
* Upholstery: Satin was first used for ornamental furniture in Europe at the Palace of Versailles, and it is still used for pillow covers, chairs, and other forms of cushioned furniture today.
* Bed sheets: Satin is frequently used for bed linens because of its flexible and silky texture.
* Footwear: Satin is a popular fabric for shoe makers, from ballerina slippers to high heels.
* Fashion accessories: Satin is commonly used for evening bags and clutches in the fashion industry.
* Crafting: Satin in the form of ribbons is very common for crafting various products such as rosette leis, corsage, and even decorative flowers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jericho |date=2024-01-25 |title=Satin Ribbon and Others: A Guide to Ribbon Types and Uses |url=https://likhadito.com/ribbons/satin-ribbon-and-others-a-guide-to-ribbon-types-and-uses/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=LikhaDito |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Shaeffer |first=Claire |title=Sew Any Fabric |year=2003 |publisher=Krause Publications |location=Iola, WI |isbn=9781440222627 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZsJnDMUHYYC }}
* {{cite book |last=Shaeffer |first=Claire |title=Claire Shaeffer's Fabric Sewing Guide |year=2008 |publisher=Krause Publications |location=Cincinnati, Ohio |isbn=978-1440223426 |url=https://archive.org/details/claireshaeffersf0000shae |url-access=registration }}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Wiktionary inline}}

{{fabric}}
{{weaving}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Satin| ]]
[[Category:Woven fabrics]]
[[Category:Weaves]]