View source for Schaffhausen

{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox Swiss town
|subject_name      = Schaffhausen
|image_photo       = {{multiple image
| border      = infobox
| total_width = 280
| imagesize   = 280px
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow      = 1/2/2
| image1      = 1 schaffhausen 2012.jpg
| alt1        = Schaffhausen in 2012
| image2      = Festung Munot mit dem Rhein.jpg
| alt2        = Munot fortress
| image3      = Haus "Zum Ritter" in Schaffhausen.jpg
| alt3        = "Zum Ritter" house
| image4      = Kräutergarten. Münster Schaffhausen.jpg
| alt4        = Münster and herb garden
| image5      = Fronwagplatz Schaffhausen. Img 1.jpg
| alt5        = Fronwagplatz
}}
|image_caption     = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Altstadt|Old town]], [[fresco]]ed building {{lang|de|Haus zum Ritter}}, Fronwagplatz, [[Münster Schaffhausen|Münster]] and herb garden, [[Munot]] fortress and [[Rhine]] river
|municipality_type = town, municipality
|imagepath_flag    = CHE Gemeinde Schaffhausen Flag.svg
|imagepath_coa     = Schaffhausen-coat of arms.svg
|canton            = Schaffhausen
|iso-code-region   = CH-SH
|district          = ''(None in canton of Schaffhausen)''
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|42|N|8|38|E|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code       = 8200, 8203, 8207, 8208, 8231 Hemmental
|municipality_code = 2939
|area              = 41.85
|elevation         = 403 |elevation_description = Bahnhofstrasse
|population        = 38,107 (December 31, 2022)
|website           = www.stadt-schaffhausen.ch
|mayor             = [[Peter Neukomm]] |mayor_asof= January 2017 |mayor_party=SP
|mayor_title       = Stadtpräsident |list_of_mayors = List of mayors of Schaffhausen
|parliament_name   = [[#Parliament|Grosser Stadtrat]] |parliament_number_of_members = 36
|executive_name    = [[#Government|Stadtrat]] |executive_number_of_members = 5
|places            = Schaffhausen, Breite, Gruben, Buchthalen, St. Niklausen, Herblingen, Hauental, [[Hemmental]]
|neighboring_municipalities= [[Beringen, Switzerland|Beringen]], [[Büsingen am Hochrhein]] ([[Germany|DE]]-[[Baden-Württemberg|BW]]), [[Büttenhardt]], [[Dörflingen]], [[Feuerthalen]] ([[canton of Zürich|ZH]]), [[Flurlingen]] (ZH), [[Merishausen]], [[Neuhausen am Rheinfall]], [[Stetten, Schaffhausen|Stetten]], [[Thayngen]]
|twintowns         = [[Sindelfingen]] (Germany), [[Singen am Hohentwiel]] (Germany), [[Dobrich]] (Bulgaria)
}}

[[File:SBB RAe 4-8 Rheinbrücke Feuerthalen.jpg|thumb|Looking upwards (eastwards), an [[Swiss Federal Railways|SBB]] [[Red Arrow (Swiss train)|Red Arrow]] double [[railcar]] crossing the {{ill|Feuerthalen Rhine bridge|de|Rheinbrücke Feuerthalen}}; Schaffhausen is on the left and Feuerthalen on the right; picture taken in April 2018 from the Munot castle]]

'''Schaffhausen''' ({{IPA|de-CH|ʃafˈhaʊzn̩|lang|De-Schaffhausen.ogg}}; {{langx|gsw|Schafuuse}}; {{langx|fr|Schaffhouse}} {{IPA|fr|ʃa.fuz|}}; {{langx|it|Sciaffusa}}; {{langx|rm|Schaffusa}}), historically known in English as '''Shaffhouse''', is a [[list of towns in Switzerland|town with historic roots]], a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in northern [[Switzerland]], and the capital of the [[canton of Schaffhausen|canton of the same name]]; it has an estimated population of 36,000 {{as of|2016|December|lc=on|post=.}} It is located right next to the shore of the [[High Rhine]]; it is one of four Swiss towns located entirely on the northern side of the Rhine, along with {{lang|de|[[Neuhausen am Rheinfall]]|italic=no}}, the historic {{lang|de|[[Neunkirch]]|italic=no}}, and {{lang|de| medieval [[Stein am Rhein]]|italic=no}}.

The old town has many fine [[Renaissance]] era buildings decorated with exterior [[fresco]]s and [[sculpture]], as well as the old canton fortress, the ''[[Munot]]'' above the old town. [[Schaffhausen railway station]] is a junction of Swiss and German railway lines. [[Rheinfall railway|One of the lines]] connects the town with the nearby [[Rhine Falls]] in {{lang|de|Neuhausen am Rheinfall|italic=no}}, Europe's largest waterfall and a popular [[Tourism in Switzerland|tourist]] attraction.

The official language of Schaffhausen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) [[Swiss Standard German|German]], but the main spoken language is the local variant of the [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]] [[Swiss German]] dialect.

== Name ==
The town is first mentioned in 1045 as ''Villa Scafhusun''. There are at least two theories on the origin of this name:

* One relates to a mention of a "ford" across the Rhine that first occurs in 1050. This "ford" may actually refer to a ''scapha'' or [[skiff]] which was used to disembark goods coming from Constance to move them around the Rhine Falls. The name ''Scafhusun'' then arose from the ''scapha'' used at that point.<ref>
Compare: {{EB1911|noprescript=1|wstitle= Schaffhausen (town)}} "[...] in 1050 we hear of the “ford” there across the Rhine. Hence it is probable that the name is really derived from scapha, a skid, as here goods coming from Constance were disembarked in consequence of the falls of the Rhine a little below."
</ref>
* Another theory is that ''Scafhusun'' comes from ''Schaf'' (a sheep), as a ram (now a sheep) formed the ancient arms (traceable to 1049) of the town, derived from those of its founders, the counts of [[County of Nellenburg|Nellenburg]].<ref>
Compare: {{EB1911|noprescript=1|wstitle= Schaffhausen (town)}}
"Some writers, however, prefer the derivation from Schaf (a sheep), as a ram (now a sheep) formed the ancient arms of the town, derived from those of its founders, the counts of Nellenburg."
</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Or on a Base Vert issuant from sinister a Semi Castle Argent with tower with entrance from which is issuing a Semi Ram Sable.''<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120801011130/http://www.fotw.us/flags/ch-sh023.html Flags of the World.com]}} accessed 22-December-2009</ref> The [[Canting arms|canting]] coat of arms refers to the second interpretation of the name, sheep-house.

== History ==
[[File:ETH-BIB-Schaffhausen-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-000921.tif|thumb|left|300px|Aerial view by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] (1919)]]
Schaffhausen was a city state in the [[Middle Ages]], documented to have struck its own coins from 1045.<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Schaffhausen (town)|volume=24|page=312}}</ref> About 1050 the counts of Nellenburg founded the [[Kloster Allerheiligen Schaffhausen|Benedictine monastery of All Saints]], which became the centre of the town. Perhaps as early as 1190, certainly in 1208, it was an [[Free imperial city|imperial free city]], while the first seal dates from 1253. The powers of the abbot were gradually limited and in 1277 the Emperor [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolf I]] gave the town a charter of liberties. In 1330 the emperor [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis of Bavaria]] pledged it to the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburgs]]. In the early 15th century, Habsburg power over the city waned. In 1349 and 1401 ([[Schaffhausen Massacre]]), two pogroms occurred in the city.<ref name="Denzel">{{cite web |last1=Denzel |first1=Ralph |title=Wie 1401 ein Gerücht allen Juden in Schaffhausen das Leben kostete|url=https://www.shn.ch/region/stadt/2018-09-17/wie-1401-ein-geruecht-allen-juden-in-schaffhausen-das-leben-kostete |publisher=[[:de:Schaffhauser Nachrichten|Schaffhauser Nachrichten]]|access-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418162357/https://www.shn.ch/region/stadt/2018-09-17/wie-1401-ein-geruecht-allen-juden-in-schaffhausen-das-leben-kostete |archive-date=18 April 2023 |date=17 September 2018}}</ref> By 1411 the guilds ruled the city. Then, in 1415 the Habsburg Duke [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Frederick IV of Austria]] sided with the [[Antipope John XXIII]] at the [[Council of Constance]], and was [[imperial ban|banned]] by the [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]]. As a result of the ban and Frederick's need of money, Schaffhausen was able to buy its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454 and allied with a further two ([[Canton of Uri|Uri]] and [[Unterwalden]]) in 1479. Schaffhausen became a full member of the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] in 1501.

The [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was adopted, initially, in 1524 and completely in 1529. The town was heavily damaged during the [[Thirty Years' War]] by the passage of [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] (Protestant) and [[History of Bavaria#Thirty Years' War|Bavarian]] (Roman Catholic) troops and the very important bridge was burnt down. It was not until the early 19th century that the arrested industrial development of the town recommenced.<ref name="EB1911" /> In 1857, the first [[rail transport|railroad]], the [[Rheinfallbahn]], running from [[Winterthur]], reached Schaffhausen.<ref>[http://www.sh.ch/Zahlen-und-Fakten.463.0.html Canton Schaffhausen website-Numbers and facts] accessed 18 April 2009. {{in lang|de}}</ref>

Schaffhausen is located in a finger of Swiss territory surrounded on three sides by Germany. On 1 April 1944, Schaffhausen [[Bombings of Switzerland in World War II#Schaffhausen|suffered a bombing raid]] by aircraft of the [[United States Army Air Forces]], which strayed from German airspace into neutral Switzerland due to navigation errors. Air raid sirens had often sounded in the past, without an actual attack, so many residents ignored the sirens that day. A total of 40 civilians were killed in the raid. President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] sent a personal letter of apology to the mayor of Schaffhausen and the [[United States]] quickly offered four million [[US dollars]] in reparations.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/schaffhausen-bombed_70th-anniversary-of-mistaken-us-attack/38278804 |title=70th anniversary of mistaken US attack |work=SWI swissinfo.ch |access-date=29 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
===Topography===
The town of Schaffhausen stands on the right bank of the river [[Rhine]]. It has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of {{Swiss area|2939|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|2939|QUELLE}} Of this area, about 20.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 53.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 24.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 1.6% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by {{convert|95|ha|acre|abbr=on}} and the agricultural land has decreased by {{convert|117|ha|acre|abbr=on}}.<ref name="SFSO2016">[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/regionalstatistik/regionale-portraets-kennzahlen/gemeinden/daten-erlaeuterungen.assetdetail.328115.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Regional portraits] accessed 27 October 2016</ref>

In 1947 it merged with the former municipality of Buchthalen. Its area expanded again in 1964 when Herblingen was absorbed and for a third time in 2009 when [[Hemmental]] joined the municipality.<ref name="HDS">{{HDS|1281|Schaffhausen}}</ref>

Schaffhausen shares an international border with the German village of [[Büsingen am Hochrhein]], an enclave entirely surrounded by Switzerland.

===Climate===
Schaffhausen has an average of 122.5 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives {{convert|907|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is July during which time Schaffhausen receives an average of {{convert|95|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.3 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of {{convert|59|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 8.4 days.<ref name="MeteoSchweiz">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131201028/http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SHA/climsheet_SHA_np8110_d.pdf |archive-date=31 January 2018 |url=http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SHA/climsheet_SHA_np8110_d.pdf |title =Climate normals Schaffhausen, Reference period 1981−2010 |publisher=Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss |location=Zurich Airport, Switzerland |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Schaffhausen, elevation {{convert|438|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 3.3
| Feb high C = 5.4
| Mar high C = 10.7
| Apr high C = 15.4
| May high C = 19.5
| Jun high C = 23.1
| Jul high C = 25.1
| Aug high C = 24.6
| Sep high C = 19.7
| Oct high C = 14.0
| Nov high C = 7.5
| Dec high C = 3.8
| year high C = 14.3
| Jan mean C = 0.7
| Feb mean C = 1.7
| Mar mean C = 5.8
| Apr mean C = 9.9
| May mean C = 14.0
| Jun mean C = 17.6
| Jul mean C = 19.3
| Aug mean C = 18.8
| Sep mean C = 14.5
| Oct mean C = 9.8
| Nov mean C = 4.7
| Dec mean C = 1.5
| year mean C = 9.9
| Jan low C = -1.7
| Feb low C = -1.6
| Mar low C = 1.5
| Apr low C = 4.7
| May low C = 8.9
| Jun low C = 12.4
| Jul low C = 14.1
| Aug low C = 13.9
| Sep low C = 10.2
| Oct low C = 6.4
| Nov low C = 2.1
| Dec low C = -0.9
| year low C = 5.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 72.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 59.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 64.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 67.8
|May precipitation mm = 100.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 95.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 103.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 95.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 71.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 76.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 72.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 86.0
|year precipitation mm = 965.7
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 10.2
| Feb precipitation days = 8.7
| Mar precipitation days = 10.0
| Apr precipitation days = 9.4
| May precipitation days = 11.3
| Jun precipitation days = 10.9
| Jul precipitation days = 11.4
| Aug precipitation days = 10.8
| Sep precipitation days = 8.9
| Oct precipitation days = 10.5
| Nov precipitation days = 9.9
| Dec precipitation days = 11.1
| year precipitation days = 123.1
| Jan snow cm = 17.6
| Feb snow cm = 17.1
| Mar snow cm = 5.6
| Apr snow cm = 0.8
| May snow cm = 0.0
| Jun snow cm = 0.0
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 0.0
| Oct snow cm = 0.0
| Nov snow cm = 5.1
| Dec snow cm = 11.0
| year snow cm = 57.2
| unit snow days = 1.0 cm
| Jan snow days = 5.1
| Feb snow days = 5.3
| Mar snow days = 2.2
| Apr snow days = 3.6
| May snow days = 0.6
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 1.7
| Dec snow days = 4.2
| year snow days = 19.0
| Jan humidity = 84
| Feb humidity = 79
| Mar humidity = 72
| Apr humidity = 66
| May humidity = 69
| Jun humidity = 69
| Jul humidity = 69
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 78
| Oct humidity = 84
| Nov humidity = 86
| Dec humidity = 86
| year humidity = 76
|Jan sun = 42.1
|Feb sun = 76.2
|Mar sun = 130.0
|Apr sun = 164.7
|May sun = 181.6
|Jun sun = 204.3
|Jul sun = 221.3
|Aug sun = 204.7
|Sep sun = 151.0
|Oct sun = 88.1
|Nov sun = 42.8
|Dec sun = 32.8
|year sun = 1539.6
| Jan percentsun = 19
| Feb percentsun = 31
| Mar percentsun = 42
| Apr percentsun = 46
| May percentsun = 46
| Jun percentsun = 50
| Jul percentsun = 54
| Aug percentsun = 55
| Sep percentsun = 47
| Oct percentsun = 31
| Nov percentsun = 18
| Dec percentsun = 16
| year percentsun = 41
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241213081015/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Schaffhausen_06620.csv
| archive-date = 13 December 2024
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Schaffhausen_06620.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 13 December 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[MeteoSchweiz]] (snow 1981–2010)<ref name="MeteoSchweiz"/><ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SHA/climsheet_SHA_np9120_e.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120183338/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SHA/climsheet_SHA_np9120_e.pdf
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 20 January 2022
| title = Climate Normals Schaffhausen (Reference period 1991−2020)
| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss
| access-date = 20 January 2022
}}</ref>
| date = November 2015
}}

==Politics==
===Government===
The City Council (de: '''[[Stadtrat]]''') constitutes the [[executive (government)|executive]] government of the town of Schaffhausen and operates as a [[collegiate authority]]. It is composed of five councilors ({{langx|de|Stadtrat/Stadträtin}}), each presiding over a department (''Referat''), which each consists of several administrative districts. The president of the executive department acts as [[mayor]] (''Stadtpräsident(in)''). In the mandate period January 2025 – December 2028 (''Amtsdauer'') the City Council is presided by ''Stadtpräsident'' [[Peter Neukomm]]. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Grand City Council (parliament) are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Schaffhausen allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The mayor as well as the delegates are elected by means of a system of [[Majorz]].<ref name=SR>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-schaffhausen.ch/derstadtrat/28652 |title=Stadtrat |publisher=Stadt Schaffhausen |type=official site |language=de |location=Schaffhausen, Switzerland |date=2025 |access-date=2025-02-18}}</ref>

{{As of|2025}}, Schaffhausen's City Council is made up of two representative of the SP ([[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democratic Party]]), of who one is also the mayor, one of the FDP ([[FDP.The Liberals|The Liberals]]), one of the SVP ([[Swiss People's Party]]), one of the GLP ([[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|Green Liberal Party]]), and one ''independent''. The last regular election was held on 18 August 2024.<ref name=SRelect24>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-schaffhausen.ch/_docn/5251903/Resultate_Wahlen_18082024.pdf |title=Volksabstimmung vom 18. August 2024 |type=official site |language=de |location=Schaffhausen, Switzerland |date=2024-08-18 |access-date=2025-02-18}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|+ ''Stadtrat'' of Schaffhausen 2025-2028<ref name=SR/>
! City Councillor<br />(''Stadtrat/ Stadträtin'') !! Party !! Title !! Head of department (''Referat'', since) of !! elected since
|-
| [[Peter Neukomm]] || {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} SP || ''Stadtpräsident'' (Mayor) || Mayor's Office (''Präsidialreferat'', 2017) || 2012
|-
| [[Marco Planas]] || {{Color box|grey|border=darkgray}} ''independent'' || ''Bildungsreferent''|| Education (''Bildungsreferat'', 2025) || 2024
|-
| [[Daniel Preisig]] || {{Color box|{{party color|Swiss People's Party}}|border=darkgray}} SVP || ''Finanzreferent'' (Vice President) || Finances (''Finanzreferat'', 2017) || 2016
|-
| [[Katrin Bernath]] || {{Color box|{{party color|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} GLP || ''Baureferentin''|| Construction and Civil Engineering (''Baureferat'', 2017) || 2016
|-
| [[Christine Thommen]] || {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} SP  || ''Sozial- und Sicherheitsreferent''|| Social Services and Security (''Sozial- und Sicherheitsreferat'', 2020) || 2020
|}

Yvonne Waldvogel is the town chronicler ({{langx|de|Stadtschreiberin}}) since 2018.

{{TR mayor|header=yes|caption=Mayor (''Stadtpräsident'') of Schaffhausen|place=Schaffhausen}}
{{TR mayor|period=1831–1835|mayor=[[Johann Conrad Fischer]]|lifespan=1773–1854|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1835–1844|mayor=[[Johann Heinrich Im Thurn]]|lifespan=1777–1845|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1845–1851|mayor=[[Tobias Hurter]]|lifespan=1790–1866|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1851–1865|mayor=[[Hans von Ziegler]]|lifespan=1810–1865|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1866–1867|mayor=[[Johann Heinrich Ammann]]|lifespan=1820–1867|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1867–1879|mayor=[[Georg Rauschenbach]]|lifespan=1816–1879|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1879–1891|mayor=[[Rudolf Pfister]]|lifespan=1824–1893|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1891–1893|mayor=[[Conrad Habicht-Oechslin]]|lifespan=1842–1931|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1893–1894|mayor=[[Ernst Müller-Fink]]|lifespan=1851–1910|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1894–1917|mayor=[[Carl Spahn]]|lifespan=1863–1943|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1917–1919|mayor=[[Hermann Schlatter]]|lifespan=1873–1953|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1919–1932|mayor=[[Heinrich Pletscher]]|lifespan=1878–1952|party=}}
{{TR mayor|period=1933–1968|mayor=[[Walther Bringolf]]|lifespan=1895–1981|party=SPS/PSS}}
{{TR mayor|period=1969–1988|mayor=[[Felix Schwank]]|lifespan=born 1922|party=FDP/PRD}}
{{TR mayor|period=1989–1996|mayor=[[Max Hess (mayor)|Max Hess]]|lifespan=born 1944|party=SPS/PSS}}
{{TR mayor|period=1997–2008|mayor=[[Marcel Wenger]]|lifespan=born 1948|party=FDP/PRD}}
{{TR mayor|period=2009–2014|mayor=[[Thomas Feurer]]|lifespan=born 1953|party=ÖBS}}
{{TR mayor|period=2015–present|mayor=[[Peter Neukomm]]|lifespan=born 1962|party=SPS}}
{{TR mayor|footer=yes}}

===Parliament===
{{Pie chart
| thumb =right
| caption =The ''Grosse Stadtrat'' of Schaffhausen for the mandate period of 2025–2028<ref name=Wahl24/>
| other  =
| label1 =JUSO
| value1 ={{#expr: 1/(36/100) round 1}}
| color1 ={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}
| label2 =SP
| value2 ={{#expr: 10/(36/100) round 1}}
| color2 ={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}
| label3 =JG
| value3 ={{#expr: 1/(36/100) round 1}}
| color3 ={{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}
| label4 =Green
| value4 ={{#expr: 2/(36/100) round 1}}
| color4 ={{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}
| label5 =glp
| value5 ={{#expr: 4/(36/100) round 1}}
| color5 ={{party color|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}
| label6 =EVP
| value6 ={{#expr: 1/(36/100) round 1}}
| color6 ={{party color|Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland}}
| label7 =The Centre
| value7 ={{#expr: 1/(36/100) round 1}}
| color7 ={{party color|The Centre (political party)}}
| label8 =FDP
| value8 ={{#expr: 6/(36/100) round 1}}
| color8 ={{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}
| label9 =SVP
| value9 ={{#expr: 8/(36/100) round 1}}
| color9 ={{party color|Swiss People's Party}}
| label10 =EDU
| value10 ={{#expr: 1/(36/100) round 1}}
| color10 ={{party color|Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland}}
| label11 =PUSH
| value11 ={{#expr: 1/(36/100) round 1}}
| color11 =grey
}}

The Grand City Council ('''Grosser Stadtrat''') holds [[legislative power]]. It is made up of 36 members, with elections held every four years. The Grand City Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of [[proportional representation|Proporz]].

The sessions of the Grand City Council are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the Grand City Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Schaffhausen allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Grand City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the ''Kantonsratsaal'' (Cantonal Council Hall) on ''Kornmarkt''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-schaffhausen.ch/dergrossestadtrat/28655 |title=Zusammensetzung: Grosser Stadtrat |publisher=Stadt Schaffhausen |type=official site |location=Schaffhausen, Switzerland |language=de |date=2020-11-29 |access-date=2025-02-18}}</ref>

The last regular election of the Grand City Council was held on 24 November 2024 for the mandate period ({{langx|de|Legislatur}}) from January 2025 to December 2028. Currently the Grand City Council consist of 10 members of the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democratic Party (SP/PS)]] and one of its junior section, the ''JUSO'', 8 of the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)]], 6 of [[FDP.The Liberals|The Liberals (FDP/PLR)]] and none of its junior partner, the ''JFSH'', 4 of the [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL)]], 2 of the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party (GPS/PES)]]) and one of its junior partner, the ''Junge Grüne'', and one each of [[The Centre (political party)|The Centre (former CVP/PDC)]], [[Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland|Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PES)]], [[Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland|Federal Democratic Union (EDU/UDF)]], and one of the ''PUSH''.<ref name=Wahl24>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-schaffhausen.ch/_docn/5398720/Resultate_Wahlen_24112024_b.pdf |title=Wahlen Grosser Stadtrat Und Mitglied Stadtschulrat 24. November 2024 |publisher=Stadt Schaffhausen |type=official site |location=Schaffhausen, Switzerland |page=5 |language=de |date=2020-11-29 |access-date=2025-02-18}}</ref>

===National elections===
; National Council
In the [[2023 Swiss federal election|2023 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (35.9%, +3.8). The next five most popular parties were the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] with 29.7% of the vote (-3.1), the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (12.7%, +3.1), the [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|GLP]] with 7.4% (+0.8), the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Greens]] with 6.3% (-1.7), and others (8.0%). In the federal election, a total of 14,450 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 60.9% (+2.2).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wahlen.admin.ch/en/sh/ |title=Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Federal elections: National Council elections 2023: strongest party, canton of Schaffhausen |language=de, fr, it |date=2023 |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |access-date=2025-02-19}}</ref>

In the [[2019 Swiss federal election|2019 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] with 32.8% of the vote (-6.2). The next five most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (32.1%, -1.9), the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (9.6%, -3.1), the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Greens]] with 8.0% (+3.7), the [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|GLP]] with 6.6% (+6.6), and others (10.9%). In the federal election, a total of 13,351 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 57.7% (-3.0).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/12/de/17685_17682_17675_242/27436.html |title=Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Politischer Atlas der Schweiz: Nationalratswahlen chronologisch / Nationalratswahlen 2019 / Ergebnisse 2019 |language=de, fr |date=2019 |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |access-date=2025-02-19}}</ref>

In the [[2015 Swiss federal election|2015 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] with 39.0% of the vote (+7.2). The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (34.0%, -7.6), the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (12.7%, +0.6), the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Greens]] with 4.3% (+4.3), and others (10.0%). In the federal election, a total of 13,754 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 60.7% (+2.8).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |title=Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden |language=de, fr, it |access-date=29 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |archive-date=2 August 2016 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:SchaffhausenRheinfall1.jpg|thumb|[[Rhine Falls]] as seen from [[Neuhausen am Rheinfall]]]]
[[File:Schaffhausen old town 1.jpg|thumb|Views of old town, Schaffhausen]]

===Population===
Schaffhausen has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-SH}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-SH|2939}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-SH}} {{as of|2014}}, 27.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.325718.html Federal Statistical Office - Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (Land)] accessed 31 October 2016</ref> Of the foreign population, ({{as of|2008|lc=on}}), 21% are from [[Germany]], 13.3% are from [[Italy]], 8.8% are from [[Croatia]], 13.3% are from [[Serbia]], 6% are from [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], 9% are from [[Turkey]], and 28.6% are from other countries.<ref name=SH_stat>[http://www.statistik.sh.ch/index.php?id=10032 Statistical Office of the Canton of Schaffhausen] {{in lang|de}} accessed 2 December 2009</ref> Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (84.3%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (3.4%) and Italian being third (3.2%).<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=5 January 2016 }} accessed 22 December 2009</ref>

Over the last four years (2010–2014) the population has changed at a rate of 2.82%. The [[birth rate]] in the municipality, in 2014, was 9.6, while the [[death rate]] was 10.1 per thousand residents.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

{{as of|2014}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 17.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 61.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.5%.<ref name=SFSO2016/> In 2015 there were 15,288 single residents, 15,287 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 2,119 widows or widowers, 3,253 divorced residents and 1 people who did not answer the question.<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Default.aspx?px_language=de Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geschlecht, Zivilstand und Geburtsort] {{in lang|de}} accessed 8 September 2016</ref>

In 2014 there were 16,723 private households in Schaffhausen with an average household size of 2.10 persons. Of the 5,863 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 51.5% were single family homes and 29.7% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 22.1% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 7.6% were built between 1991 and 2000.<ref name=Housing>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Thema 09 - Bau- und Wohnungswesen ] {{in lang|de}} accessed 5 May 2016</ref> In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 1.29. The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2015|alt=in 2015}}, was 0.71%.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

; Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/default.aspx?px_language=de Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850-2000 ] {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 April 2016</ref>
<timeline>
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  id:darkgrey  value:gray(0.8)
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 id:SC     value:yellowgreen      legend:Schaffhausen
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  bar:1520 from: 0 till:3500 text:"c. 3,500" color:SC
  bar:1550 from: 0 till:5300 text:"c. 5,300 " color:SC
  bar:1582 from: 0 till:6350 text:"c. 6,350" color:SC
  bar:1620 from: 0 till:5950 text:"c. 5,950" color:SC
  bar:1640 from: 0 till:3650 text:"c. 3,650" color:SC
  bar:1672 from: 0 till:5050 text:"c. 5,050" color:SC
  bar:1766 from: 0 till:6969 text:"6,969" color:SC
  bar:1798 from: 0 till:5482 text:"5,482" color:SC
  bar:1850 from: 0 till:8477 text:"8,477" color:SC
  bar:1860 from: 0 till:9386 text:"9,386" color:SC
  bar:1870 from: 0 till:11049 text:"11,049" color:SC
  bar:1880 from: 0 till:12557 text:"12,557" color:SC
  bar:1888 from: 0 till:13099 text:"13,099" color:SC
  bar:1900 from: 0 till:16320 text:"16,320" color:SC
  bar:1910 from: 0 till:19267 text:"19,267" color:SC
  bar:1920 from: 0 till:21700 text:"21,700" color:SC
  bar:1930 from: 0 till:23141 text:"23,141" color:SC
  bar:1941 from: 0 till:24984 text:"24,984" color:SC
  bar:1950 from: 0 till:27261 text:"27,261" color:SC
  bar:1960 from: 0 till:32839 text:"32,839" color:SC
  bar:1970 from: 0 till:37035 text:"37,035" color:SC
  bar:1980 from: 0 till:34250 text:"34,250" color:SC
  bar:1990 from: 0 till:34225 text:"34,225" color:SC
  bar:2000 from: 0 till:33628 text:"33,628" color:SC
</timeline>

===Religion===
{{as of|2000}}, 27.4% of the population belonged to the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and 43.6% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]],<ref name=SH_stat/> later organized in the parish [[St. Johann, Schaffhausen|St. Johann – Münster]].<ref name="kirchgemeinde">{{cite web|url=http://www.ref-sh.ch/kg/sjm/bericht/3832|title=Die neue Kirchgemeinde St.Johann-Münster|publisher=[[St. Johann, Schaffhausen]]|access-date=1 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101223004/http://www.ref-sh.ch/kg/sjm/bericht/3832|archive-date=1 January 2015}}</ref>

===Education===
In Schaffhausen about 69.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'' (university of applied sciences)).<ref name=SFSO/> In Schaffhausen, {{as of|2007|lc=on}}, 1.73% of the population attend [[kindergarten]] or another pre-school, 5.65% attend a [[Education in Switzerland#Primary|Primary School]], 2.98% attend a lower level Secondary School, and 2.49% attend a higher level Secondary School.<ref name=SH_stat/>

===Economy===
{{as of|2013|In 2013}}, there were a total of 25,749 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 103 people worked in 24 businesses in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]]. A majority (61.2%) of the primary sector employees worked in very small businesses (less than ten employees). The remainder worked in 2 small businesses with a total of 40 employees. The [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employed 6,403 workers in 371 separate businesses. In 2014 a total of 2,433 employees worked in 358 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 13 mid sized businesses with 1,631 employees and 3 large businesses which employed 2,333 people (for an average size of 777.7). Finally, the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] provided 19,243 jobs in 2,626 businesses. In 2014 the tertiary sector numbers had increased by 606 and 20 respectively. In 2014 a total of 12,890 employees worked in 2,597 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 45 mid sized businesses with 4,938 employees and 4 large businesses which employed 2,021 people (for an average size of 505.3).<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.331681.html Federal Statistical Office -Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Gemeinde, Wirtschaftssektor und Grössenklasse] accessed 31 October 2016</ref>

In 2014 a total of 1.3% of the population received social assistance.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

In 2015 local hotels had a total of 102,537 overnight stays, of which 52.6% were international visitors.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.252702.html Federal Statistical Office - Hotellerie: Ankünfte und Logiernächte der geöffneten Betriebe] accessed 31 October 2016</ref> In 2015 there were two movie theaters in the municipality, with a total of 10 screens and a total of 1,816 available seats.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/01/data.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Kinoinfrastruktur nach Gemeinde und Kinotyp] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926002720/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/01/data.html |date=26 September 2016 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 9 August 2016</ref> {{as of|2008}}, there are 102 restaurants, and 11 hotels with 445 beds. The catering industry in Schaffhausen employs 924 people.<ref name=SH_stat/>

{{as of|2008}} the mid year average unemployment rate was 2.5%. There were 1,879 non-agrarian businesses in the municipality and 29.9% of the (non-agrarian) population was involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 70.1% were involved in the third. At the same time, 67.1% of the working population was employed full-time, and 32.9% was employed part-time. There were 21,841 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 46.6% of the workforce. {{as of|2000}} there were 10,019 residents who worked in the municipality, while 5,724 residents worked outside Schaffhausen and 8,026 people commuted into the municipality for work.<ref name=SH_stat/>

Schaffhausen has an unemployment rate, {{as of|2007|lc=on}}, of 2.67%. {{as of|2005}}, there were 196 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 33 businesses involved in this sector. 6,488 people are employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there are 293 businesses in this sector. 14,019 people are employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 1,486 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/>

== Transportation ==
=== Train ===
{{main|Schaffhausen railway station|Herblingen railway station}}
{{Stack|
[[File:Schaffhausen, Bahnhof v SW, 1.jpeg|thumb|Trains waiting at [[Schaffhausen railway station]]]]
}}
The town of Schaffhausen is served by two railway stations, [[Schaffhausen railway station]] and [[Herblingen railway station]].

Schaffhausen railway station is jointly owned by the [[Swiss Federal Railways]] (SBB) and [[Deutsche Bahn]] (DB), and is served by trains of both nation's networks. The station is served by long-distance passenger trains (''[[InterCity]]'', ''IC'') running between [[Stuttgart]] and [[Zürich]], ''[[RegioExpress]]'' (''RE'') trains between [[Zürich HB]] and Schaffhausen, and ''[[Interregio-Express]]'' (''IRE'') trains between [[Basel]] and [[Friedrichshafen]]. Trains of [[Zürich S-Bahn]] services [[S9 (ZVV)|S9]], [[S12 (ZVV)|S12]], [[S24 (ZVV)|S24]] and [[S33 (ZVV)|S33]] serve the station, although only the S24 provides a direct service to [[Zürich Airport]] and Zürich main station. In addition, the [[S1 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)|S1]] service of [[St. Gallen S-Bahn]] operates over the [[Lake Line]] to [[St. Gallen]] and [[Wil SG|Wil]]. The S64 and S65 services of [[Schaffhausen S-Bahn]] link Schaffhausen with [[Erzingen]] and [[Jestetten]], respectively.

Herblingen railway station in the north-east of Schaffhausen is served by the S24 of Zürich S-Bahn and local trains of Schaffhausen S-Bahn (S62), linking Schaffhausen station with [[Thayngen]] and [[Singen (Hohentwiel)]], respectively.

The [[S-Bahn]] services S1 and S62 are part of [[Bodensee S-Bahn]], a network of regional trains around [[Lake Constance]] (''Bodensee'').<ref>{{cite web | url=https://s-bahn-bodensee.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Netzplan/2023_SBB-RV-Bodensee-A3-23.V2.pdf | title=S-Bahn Bodensee | date=11 December 2022 | accessdate=16 June 2023 | language=de | archive-date=29 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329104442/https://s-bahn-bodensee.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Netzplan/2023_SBB-RV-Bodensee-A3-23.V2.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Bus ===
{{Stack|
[[File:Schaffhauser Verkehrsbetriebe 2025.png|thumb|Urban bus routes of [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]] in the towns of Schaffhausen and [[Neuhausen am Rheinfall]] (as of December 2024)<ref>[https://vbsh.ch/images/pdf/netzplaene/Zone810_OTV.pdf Netzplaene]</ref>]]
[[File:Netzplan Regionale Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen RVSH 2024.png|thumb|Regional bus routes of [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]] in the [[cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] and neighboring [[Konstanz (district)|German territory]] (as of December 2023)<ref>[https://vbsh.ch/images/pdf/netzplaene/Liniennetz_OSTWIND_23_SH.pdf Liniennetz Ostwind]</ref>]]
}}
[[File:CH Schaffhausen, Bahnhof 009.jpg|thumb|[[Battery electric bus]] at Bahnhofstrasse]]
[[File:Obertor i Schaffhausen - TEK - TEKA0117986.tif|thumb|Bahnhofstrasse in 1906 with [[:de:Strassenbahn Schaffhausen|trams]] and [[:de:Strassenbahn Schaffhausen–Schleitheim|interurban train]] to [[Schleitheim]]]]
Schaffhausen and the neighboring town of [[Neuhausen am Rheinfall]] have an urban bus network of 9 lines, including one [[Trolleybuses in Schaffhausen|trolleybus route]] (line 1), which replaced the former [[Trams in Schaffhausen|tram system]]. Since 2019, the other lines (3–10) are operated by [[electric bus|battery-powerd buses]] ([[Irizar]]) and diesel-powered buses. All routes except line 9 call at Schaffhausen railway station. Route 9 calls at Herblingen railway station. During weekends, there are night buses (designated as N#) operating after midnight. The urban bus routes, all operated by [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen]] (vbsh),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vbsh.ch/en/ | title=Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen - HOME }}</ref> are as follows:

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%; margin-left:10px; margin-bottom:5px;"
!Line
!Route
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#00673d | <span style="color:white"><big>'''1'''</big></span>
| Herbstäcker – Neuhausen Zentrum – [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Ebnat – Waldfriedhof
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#bf3f33 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''3'''</big></span>
| Sommerwies – Schützenhaus – [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Krummacker
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#000000 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''4'''</big></span>
| Birch – Schützenhaus – [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Gruben
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#0183a9 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''5'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Falkeneck – Einkaufszentren – Schlossweiher
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#f8ae1a | <span style="color:white"><big>'''6'''</big></span>
| Buchthalen – Schifflände – Rhybadi / [[International Watch Company|IWC]] – [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Kantonsspital – Falkeneck
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#a8015b | <span style="color:white"><big>'''7'''</big></span>
| [[Neuhausen railway station|Neuhausen SBB]] – Neuhausen Zentrum – Schützenhaus – [[Schaffhausen railway station]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#5e489d | <span style="color:white"><big>'''8'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Schifflände – Im Freien
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#1a64b0 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''9'''</big></span>
| Ebnat – [[Kinepolis]] – [[Herblingen railway station]] – Einkaufszentren
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#afcc46 | <span style="color:black"><big>'''10'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] (North) – Logierhaus – Falkeneck
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#1A1817 | <span style="color:#FFEC00"><big>'''N1'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Schützenhaus – Riet – Sommerwies – Nordstrasse – Schaffhausen railway station
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#1A1817 | <span style="color:#FFEC00"><big>'''N2'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Geissberg – Pilgerweg – Gräfler – Krummacker – Schweizersbild – CILAG – Schaffhausen railway station
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#1A1817 | <span style="color:#FFEC00"><big>'''N3'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Mühlentor – Schifflände – Buchthalen – Gruben – Niklausen – [[Kinepolis]] – Ebnat – Schaffhausen railway station
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#1A1817 | <span style="color:#FFEC00"><big>'''N4'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Mühlentor – Neuhausen Zentrum – Kreuzstrasse – Herbstäcker – Hohfluh – Wiesli – Schaffhausen railway station
|}

One of the previous urban routes, line 12 to the [[Rhine Falls]], was the first route ever to feature a level 5 autonomous bus (2018–2019).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kedem |first1=Kfir |title=Switzerland's level 5 autonomous bus |url=https://www.auto-trendy.com/post/switzerland-s-level-5-autonomous-bus |website=Auto Trendy |date=8 July 2020 |access-date=28 July 2020 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302113409/https://www.auto-trendy.com/post/switzerland-s-level-5-autonomous-bus |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In addition, there are several regional bus services that link Schaffhausen with villages in the [[cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]], the [[canton of Zürich]] and nearby [[Konstanz (district)|German territory]]. The regional bus services 21–25, lines 630 and 634 and all night bus services (designated with N#) all depart from the forecourt of Schaffhausen railway station:

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%; margin-left:10px; margin-bottom:5px;"
!Line
!Route
!Operator
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#ea4632 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''21'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – [[Neuhausen am Rheinfall|Neuhausen]] – [[Beringen SH|Beringen]] – [[Löhningen]] – [[Siblingen]] – [[Schleitheim]] – [[Beggingen]]
| [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#777d85 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''22'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – [[Hemmental]]
| [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#00b290 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''23'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – [[Merishausen]] – [[Bargen SH|Bargen]]
| [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#b481b8 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''24'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]]  – [[Stetten SH|Stetten]] – [[Lohn SH|Lohn]] – [[Büttenhardt]] – [[Opfertshofen]] – [[Altdorf SH|Altdorf]] – [[Hofen SH|Hofen]] – [[Bibern SH|Bibern]] – [[Thayngen]] (– [[Barzheim]])
| [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#d39531 | <span style="color:white"><big>'''25'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – [[Büsingen]] – [[Dörflingen]] – [[Gottmadingen|Randegg]] – [[Gottmadingen|Murbach]] – [[Buch SH|Buch]] – [[Ramsen SH|Ramsen]]
| [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#ffcc00 | <big>'''630'''</big>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – [[Feuerthalen]] – [[Flurlingen]] – [[Laufen-Uhwiesen|Uhwiesen]] – [[Benken ZH|Benken]] – [[Marthalen]]
| [[Postauto]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#ffcc00 | <big>'''634'''</big>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – [[Feuerthalen]] – [[Flurlingen]] – [[Laufen-Uhwiesen|Uhwiesen]] – [[Dachsen]] – [[Laufen Castle (Switzerland)|Schloss Laufen am Rheinfall]]
| [[Postauto]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#1A1817 | <span style="color:#FFEC00"><big>'''N76'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – Falkeneck – Schlossweiher – [[Thayngen]], Hüttenleben – [[Thayngen railway station]] – Falkeneck – Schaffhausen railway station
| [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]]
|- align=center
| bgcolor=#1A1817 | <span style="color:#FFEC00"><big>'''N77'''</big></span>
| [[Schaffhausen railway station]] – [[Neuhausen am Rheinfall]] – [[Beringen SH|Beringen]] – [[Guntmadingen]] – [[Neunkirch]] – [[Oberhallau]] – [[Hallau]] – [[Wilchingen]] – [[Osterfingen]] – [[Trasadingen]]
| [[Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen|vbsh]]
|}

=== Boat ===
[[File:2018-04-29 12-00-50 Schweiz Dörflingen Dörflingen, Laag 550.6.jpg|thumb|Boat of ''[[Schweizerische Schifffahrtsgesellschaft Untersee und Rhein|URh]]'' near [[Dörflingen]] on the [[High Rhine]]]]
Departing from Schifflände, there are regular boat trips on the river [[Rhine]] ([[High Rhine]]) to [[Stein am Rhein]] and [[Kreuzlingen]] ([[Lake Constance]]) offered by ''[[Schweizerische Schifffahrtsgesellschaft Untersee und Rhein]]'' (''URh'') during warmer seasons.

=== Private Transport ===
The [[A4 motorway (Switzerland)|A4 motorway]] connects Schaffhausen with [[Zürich]]. The A4 continues northward to [[Donaueschingen]]/[[Singen (Hohentwiel)]] in [[Germany]]. Since 1996, the A4 runs through a tunnel, bypassing the town's center. There are three nearby exits along the A4: ''Schaffhausen Süd'', ''Schaffhausen Nord'' and ''Schaffhausen Schweizersbild''.

The ''[[Hauptstrasse 13]]'' connects Schaffhausen with villages in the western part of the canton (Klettgau), through the [[Galgenbucktunnel]] which opened in 2019, and with villages along the Rhine east of Schaffhausen.

==Culture==
; Heritage sites of national significance
There are 35 buildings or sites in Schaffhausen that are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]]. This includes the entire old town of Schaffhausen, the city walls, the Giesserei +GF+ Werk I factory, the town and cantonal archives, the ''[[Schweizersbild]]'' [[Paleolithic]] cave and the ''Herblingen'' and ''Grüthalde'' [[Neolithic]] settlements. Additionally, there are four former [[guild]] houses and seven listed houses. There are only two listed religious buildings, the former [[Kloster Allerheiligen Schaffhausen|Benedictine All Saints Abbey]] and the [[Münster Schaffhausen|Church of St. John]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501142322/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html |date=1 May 2009 }} 21 November 2008 version, {{in lang|de}} accessed 22-December–2009</ref>
<gallery class="center">
File:Schaffhausen - Kloster Allerheiligen IMG 2705.JPG | [[Kloster Allerheiligen Schaffhausen|All Saints Abbey]] ({{langx|de|Allerheiligen}}) as seen from [[Munot]]
File:Schaffhausen - Kloster Allerheiligen IMG 2690.jpg | Church portal of [[Münster Schaffhausen]]
File:Schaffhausen Münster Hauptschiff 1.jpg| Cathedral interior of [[Münster Schaffhausen]]
File:Schaffhausen IMG 2689.jpg | Restaurant Thiergarten and Munot tower
File:Schaffhausen IMG 2702.jpg | ''[[Altstadt]]''
File:Schaffhausen IMG 2721.JPG | [[Münster Schaffhausen|St. Johann]]
File:Haus zum Sittich. Schaffhausen.jpg|House ''zum Sittich'' at Vordergasse 43
File:Zum Ritter Schaffhausen.jpg|House ''{{ill|zum Ritter|de|Haus zum Ritter (Schaffhausen)}}'' at Vordergasse 65, one of the listed houses
File:CH Schaffhausen, Vorstadt 006.jpg|House ''zum Grossen Käfig'' at Vorstadt 43
File:Schaffhausen - Mohrenbrunnen 01.jpg|''{{ill|Mohrenbrunnen|de|Mohrenbrunnen (Schaffhausen)}}'': fountain statue depicting Caspar of the [[Biblical Magi]]
File:Schaffhausen 1.JPG|View of the Rhine, with ''Altstadt'' with the Münster
File:Schaffhausen, de Obertorturm IMG 4642 2023-04-28 19.44.jpg|Towngate: Obertorturm ({{lit|Upper gate tower}})
File:2004-Schaffhausen-Schwabentorturm.jpg|Towngate: Schwabentorturm ({{lit|[[Swabia]]n gate tower}})
</gallery>

==Economy==
Schaffhausen hosts some well-known industrial companies like [[Georg Fischer (Swiss company)|Georg Fischer]] (piping systems, machine tools and automotives), internationally reputed [[manufacturer]]s of [[watch]]es ([[International Watch Company|IWC]] and [[H. Moser & Cie]]), pharmaceutical industry ([[Cilag]], founded by [[Bernhard Joos]]) and BB Biotech (biotechnologies). [[Tyco International]], [[Garmin]], [[Aptiv]] (purely for tax purposes), and cyber protection company [[Acronis]] are also incorporated in Schaffhausen.

== Sport ==
The town has two football teams, [[SV Schaffhausen]], of the fourth-tier [[Swiss 1. Liga (football)|Swiss 1. Liga]], and [[FC Schaffhausen]], of the second-tier [[Swiss Challenge League]]. There is a football stadium in Breite, Schaffhausen which seats 4200 persons, known as the Breitestadion. It is also the training headquarters for local children's football teams.

There is a [[handball]] team in Schaffhausen which plays in the first Swiss division: [[Kadetten Schaffhausen]]. They are centered at the [[:de:BBC-Arena|BBC Arena]] on Schweizersbildstrasse. It seats 3600 persons, and was built in 2011. Kadetten has been very successful and has won the second most titles in the history of the [[Swiss Handball League|SHL]].

== Notable people ==
[[File:Johann Jakob Wepfer. Engraving by H. Pfenninger. Wellcome V0006227.jpg|140px|thumb|Johann Jakob Wepfer, engraving]]
[[File:Lorentz Spengler.jpg|140px|thumb|Lorentz Spengler, 1751]]
[[File:Emil Ermatinger.jpg|140px|thumb|Emil Ermatinger, 1921]]
[[File:Christoph Blocher (Bundesrat, 2004).jpg|140px|thumb|Christoph Blocher, 2007]]
[[File:Irene Schweizer (Annamarie Ursula) P1120606.JPG|140px|thumb|Irene Schweizer, 2014]]
[[File:Juerg Froehlich.jpg|140px|thumb|Juerg Froehlich, 2005]]
[[File:Roberto Di Matteo S04 2015 (cropped).jpg|140px|thumb|Roberto Di Matteo, 2015]]
[[File:Florence Schelling 2011 WM Winterthur.jpg|140px|thumb|Florence Schelling, 2011]]

=== Pre-17th century ===
* [[Bernold of Constance]] (c.1054 – 1100 in Schaffhausen), chronicler and writer of religious tracts
* [[Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg]] (1445–1510), priest, a popular preacher of the 15th-century<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Geiler_von_Kaisersberg,_Johann |volume= 11|page= 553 |short=x}}</ref>
* [[Sebastian Hofmeister]] (1476–1533), known in writing as Oeconomus or Oikonomos, was a Swiss monk and religious Reformer 
* [[Tobias Stimmer]] (1539–1584), painter and illustrator, particularly of the [[Strasbourg astronomical clock]]
* [[Lindtmayer#Lindtmayer family|Daniel Lindtmayer]] (1552-c.1605), the fourth generation of artists and glass painters

=== 17th century ===
* [[Johann Jakob Wepfer]] (1620–1695), pathologist and pharmacologist
* [[Johann Conrad Peyer]] (1653–1712), anatomist
* [[Johann Konrad Ammann]] (1669–1724), physician and instructor of non-verbal deaf persons<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Amman,_Johann_Conrad |volume= 1 |page= 859|short=x}}</ref> 
* [[Andrew Schalch]] (1692–1776), the first gun-founder at the [[Royal Arsenal]] in Woolwich<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Schalch,_Andrew |volume= 50 |short=x}}</ref>

=== 18th century ===
* [[George Michael Moser]] RA (1706–1783), [[Repoussé and chasing|chaser]] and enameller, co-founder of the Royal Academy in 1768<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Moser,_George_Michael |volume= 39 |short=x}}</ref>
* [[Johann Amman]] (1707–1741), Swiss-Russian botanist, a member of the Royal Society and professor of botany
* [[John Snetzler]] (1710–1785), organ builder who worked mostly in England
* [[Lorenz Spengler]] (1720–1807), Danish turner and naturalist.
* [[Johann Jakob Schalch]] (1723–1789), painter, noted for his paintings of the [[Rheinfall]] in Schaffhausen
* [[Johann Conrad Ammann]] (1724–1811), physician, naturalist and collector of fossils
* [[Johannes von Müller]] (1752–1809), historian<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Müller,_Johannes_von |volume= 18|last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge |short=x}}</ref> 
* [[Johann Conrad Fischer]] (1773–1854), metallurgist, inventor, and pioneer in the steel industry; founded [[Georg Fischer AG]] in 1802
* [[Hurter#Friedrich Emmanuel von Hurter|Friedrich Emmanuel von Hurter]] (1787–1865), Protestant cleric and historian who converted to Roman Catholicism<ref>{{Cite AmCyc |wstitle=Hurter,_Friedrich_Emanuel_von |short=x}}</ref>
* [[Caroline Mezger]] (1787–1843), painter, printmaker, and art teacher<ref name="HLS-2008">{{Cite web |date=11 November 2008 |title=Mezger, Caroline |url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/022528/2008-11-11/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (HLS) |language=de}}</ref><ref name="Benezit-2011">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Mezger, Caroline |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/display/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00122122 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=[[Benezit Dictionary of Artists]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00122122}}</ref>

=== 19th century ===
* [[Johann Heinrich Gelzer]] (1813–1889), historian and diplomat
* [[Hans Bendel]] (1814–1853), painter and illustrator
* [[Ferdinand Hurter]] (1844–1898), industrial chemist who settled in England, researched photography
* Dame [[Sophia Wintz]] DBE (1847–1929), British philanthropist who co-founded the [[Royal Sailors' Rests]]
* [[Ernst Homberger]] (1869–1955), industrialist, [[Georg Fischer (Swiss company)|Georg Fischer]] and [[International Watch Company]]
* [[Emil Ermatinger]] (1873–1953), professor for Germanic philology
* [[Ferdinand Schalch]] (1848–1918), paleontologist and geologist
* [[Hermann Rorschach]] (1884–1922), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, brought up in Schaffhausen
* [[Bernhard Peyer]] (1885–1963), paleontologist and anatomist 
* [[Karl Jäger]] (1888–1959), mid-ranking official in the SS of Nazi Germany, perpetrated acts of genocide during [[the Holocaust]]
* [[Walther Bringolf]] (1895–1981), mayor of Schaffhausen 1933–1968, former president of the National Council of Switzerland 1961/1962

=== 20th century ===
* [[Richard Meili]] (1900–1991), scientist in practical psychology, diagnostics, personality development and intelligence
* [[Conrad Beck]] (1901–1989), composer and head of Music of Radio Basel 1933–1963
* [[Carl Alfred Meier]] (1905–1995), psychiatrist, Jungian psychologist, scholar, and first president of the [[C. G. Jung Institute in Zürich]]
* Cardinal [[Gilberto Agustoni]] (1922–2017), [[prelate]] of the Roman Catholic Church
* [[Ernst Hess (composer)|Ernst Hess]] (1912–1968), conductor, composer and musicologist
* [[Rita Wolfensberger]] (1928–2020), classical pianist
* [[Bruno Meyer]] (born 1938), religious leader of a fundamentalist Christian congregation; convicted in 2010 for rape and child sexual abuse
* [[Markus Werner]] (1944–2016), writer, author of the novels ''[[Zündels Abgang]]''
* [[Christoph Blocher]] (born 1940), politician, industrialist and former member of the Swiss Federal Council
* [[Pia Gyger]] (1940–2014), specialist for special education and psychologist a co-initiator of the Jerusalem-Project
* [[Irène Schweizer]] (1941-2024), jazz and free improvising pianist<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1086528/  IMDb Database] retrieved 21 November 2018</ref>
* [[Jürg Fröhlich]] (born 1946), mathematician and theoretical physicist
* [[Giorgio Behr]] (born 1948), businessman, lawyer, accountant and university professor
* [[Beat Furrer]] (born 1954), Austrian composer and conductor
* [[Philipp Landmark]] (born 1966), journalist and former editor-in-chief of the ''[[St. Galler Tagblatt]]''
*[[Tom Strala]] (born 1974), designer, architect and artist

=== Sport ===
* [[Jules Ehrat]] (1905–1997), chess player, the 1942 joint Swiss Chess Champion
* [[Liselotte Kobi]] (1930–2022), former swimmer, competed at the [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948]] and [[1952 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Marianne Gossweiler]] (born 1943), equestrian, medallist in team dressage at both the [[1964 Summer Olympics|1964]] and [[1968 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Stefan Maurer]] (1960–1994), cyclist, competed in the individual road race at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Stephan Lehmann]] (born 1963), retired football goalkeeper, goalkeeper coach for [[FC Sion]], 538 team games and 14 for the national side
* [[Roberto Di Matteo]] (born 1970), Italian former footballer (323 games) and team manager in the UK
* [[Daniela Baumer]] (born 1971), sprint canoer, silver medallist at the [[1996 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Florence Schelling]] (born 1989), ice hockey goaltender and three-time Olympian; first woman to be named general manager of a professional men's hockey team ([[SC Bern]]) in the world

== See also ==
* [[Cholfirst Radio Tower]]
* [[List of mayors of Schaffhausen]]
* [[Bombing of Schaffhausen in World War II]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Schaffhausen}}
{{Commons category|Schaffhausen}}
{{Americana Poster|Schaffhausen}}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Schaffhausen (town) |volume= 24 |short= x}}
*{{official website|www.stadt-schaffhausen.ch}} {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.schaffhauserland.ch/en/ Tourism information]
*[http://www.stadtarchiv-schaffhausen.ch/ Town archives] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.rheinfall.ch/ Rhine Fall]
*{{Citation |url=https://www.allerheiligen.ch/de/ |title=Museum zu Allerheiligen Schaffhausen |access-date=31 August 2016}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070505083348/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/sum00/helmreich.html U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II]
*[https://www.e-rara.ch/sbs/doi/10.3931/e-rara-79846 Digitized Edition of ''Chronik der Stadt und Landschaft Schaffhausen''], in German, 1884–1910, at [[E-rara]]
*[https://www.e-rara.ch/sbs/doi/10.3931/e-rara-85905 Digitized Edition of ''Wappenbuch der Stadt Schaffhausen''], in German, Schaffhausen 1819, at [[E-rara]].

{{Municipalities of the canton of Schaffhausen}}
{{Cantons of Switzerland}}
{{List of European capitals by region}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Schaffhausen| ]]
[[Category:Cantonal capitals of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Cities in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Rhine]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Schaffhausen]]
[[Category:1330 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in the 14th century]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1415]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Schaffhausen]]
[[Category:16th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy]]
[[Category:1501 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]