View source for Shantou

{{About|the city}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
| name                            = Shantou
| official_name                   = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name                     = 汕头市
| native_name_lang = zh-Hans
| other_name                      = Swatow; Shantow
| settlement_type                 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline                   = Shantou Montage.jpg
| image_caption                   = From top: Zhengguo Temple, Renmin Square, [[Queshi Bridge]], Shantou overview.
| image_seal                      = 
| image_shield                    = 
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = 
| image_map                       = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| image_map1                      = Guangdong subdivisions - Shantou.svg
| map_caption1                    = Location of Shantou City jurisdiction in Guangdong
| pushpin_map                     = China
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in China
| coor_pinpoint = Shantou municipal government
| coordinates                     = {{coord|23.354|N|116.682|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of the People's Republic of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Guangdong]]
| established_title               = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date                = 
| founder                         = 
| named_for                       = 
| seat_type                       = Municipal seat
| seat                            = [[Jinping District]]
| government_type                 = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes            = 
| leader_title                    = [[Communist Party of China|CPC]] Committee Secretary
| leader_name                     = [[Fang Lixu]] ({{lang|zh-hans|方利旭}})
| leader_title1                   = Mayor
| leader_name1                    = [[Zheng Jiange]] ({{lang|zh-hans|郑剑戈}})
| unit_pref                       = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_footnotes                  = <!-- Area    --------------------->
| area_magnitude                  = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_total_km2                  = 2248.39
| area_land_km2                   = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 9297.1
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes             = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref>  tags-->
| elevation_m                     = 51
| elevation_max_m                 = 
| elevation_min_m                 = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_footnotes            = <ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web| url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/guangdong/admin/| title = China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref>
| population_total                = 5502031
| population_as_of                = 2020 census
| population_density_km2          = auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> 
| population_urban = 
4,312,192
| population_metro                = 12543024
| population_metro_footnotes      = <ref name="oecd2015">{{cite book|doi=10.1787/9789264230040-en|title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition|url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|page=37|via=OECD iLibrary|date=18 April 2015|issn=2306-9341|isbn=9789264230033|archive-date=27 March 2017|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327210032/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|url-status=dead}}Linked from the OECD [http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm here]</ref>
| population_density_metro_km2    = auto
| population_blank1_title         = Major [[Nationalities of China|Nationalities]]
| population_blank1               = [[Han Chinese|Han]]
| population_note                 =
| blank_name_sec1      = Language
| blank_info_sec1      = [[Min Chinese|Min]]
| blank2_name_sec1     = Local dialect
| blank2_info_sec1     = [[Swatow dialect]]
|demographics_type2   = GDP
|demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]] 
|demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 293 billion<br />[[US$]] 45.4 billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 53,106<br />US$ 8,232
 <!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone                        = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset                      = +8
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal code of China|Postal Code]]
| postal_code                     = 515000, 515041
| area_code                       = 754
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-GD-05]]
| blank_name                      = [[Vehicle registration plates of China|License Plate Prefix]]
| blank_info                      = {{lang|zh-cn|粤D}}
| website                         = {{URL|www.shantou.gov.cn}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic      = ST name.svg
| piccap   = "Shàntóu", as written in Chinese
| picsize  = 125px
| t        = {{linktext|汕頭}}
| s        = {{linktext|汕头}}
| psp      = Swatow
| order    = st
| p        = Shàntóu
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|sh|an|4|.|t|ou|2}}
| teo      = Suan<sup>1</sup>tao<sup>5</sup>
| poj      = Sòaⁿ-thâu
| ipa      = sũã˧ tʰaʊ˥
| j        = Saan3 tau4
| y        = Saantàuh
| wuu      = Sae去deu平
| h        = Sân-thèu
| l        = {{nowrap|Fish-basket Point}}
| showflag = teo
}}

'''Shantou''',<!--Chinese in infoboxes--> [[Chinese postal romanization|alternately]] [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]] as '''Swatow'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofchineseem00stan/page/2|title=Atlas of the Chinese Empire|author=Edward Stanford|date=1908|pages=21, 86|quote=Swatow{...}Swatow, Kwangtung . 25.14 N 114.2 E|edition=1}}</ref><ref>From [[postal romanization]], based on the local [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]] pronunciation</ref> and sometimes known as '''Santow''',<ref>from the local Cantonese pronunciation</ref> is a [[prefecture-level city]] on the eastern coast of [[Guangdong]], China, with a total population of 5,502,031 as of the 2020 census (5,391,028 in 2010) and an administrative area of {{convert|2248.39|km2}}. However, its built-up (or metro) area is much bigger with 12,543,024 inhabitants including Rongcheng and Jiedong districts, Jiexi county and Puning city in [[Jieyang]] plus all of [[Chaozhou]] city largely conurbated. This is de facto the 5th built-up area in mainland China between [[Hangzhou]]-[[Shaoxing]] (13,035,026 inhabitants), [[Xi'an]]-[[Xianyang]] (12,283,922 inhabitants) and Tianjin (11,165,706 inhabitants).

Shantou, a city significant in 19th-century Chinese history as one of the [[treaty ports]] established for Western trade and contact, was one of the original [[special economic zones of China]] established in the 1980s, but did not blossom in the manner that cities such as [[Shenzhen]], [[Xiamen]] and [[Zhuhai]] did. However, it remains eastern Guangdong's economic centre, and is home to [[Shantou University]], which is under the provincial Project 211 program in Guangdong.
{{TOC limit|2}}

==History==
Shantou was a fishing village part of Tuojiang Du ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=鮀江都}}), [[Jieyang|Jieyang County]] during the [[Song dynasty]]. It came to be known as Xialing ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=廈嶺}}) during the [[Yuan dynasty]]. In 1563, Shantou became a part of [[Chenghai District|Chenghai County]] in Chao Prefecture ([[Chaozhou]]). As early as 1574, Shantou had been called Shashanping ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=沙汕坪}}). In the seventeenth century, a cannon platform called Shashantou Cannon ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=沙汕頭炮臺}}) was made here, and the place name later was shortened to "Shantou". Locally it has been referred to as Kialat.

Connecting to Shantou across the [[Queshi Bridge]] is Queshi ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=礐石}}) which had been known by the local people through the 19th century as Kakchio. It was the main site for the American and British consulates. Today the area is a scenic park but some of the structures from its earlier history are somewhat preserved. In 1860, Shantou was opened for foreigners and became a trading port according to [[Treaty of Tientsin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/leadership/mroll/20101020/13598811852.shtml|script-title=zh:汕头1860的记忆_管理滚动新闻_新浪财经_新浪网|work=[[Sina Corp|Sina Finance]]}}</ref>

It became a city in 1919, and was separated from Chenghai in 1921. 1922 saw the devastating [[1922 Swatow Typhoon|Swatow Typhoon]], which killed 5,000 out of the 65,000 people then inhabiting the city.<ref name=MWR>{{cite web | url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/050/mwr-050-08-0433.pdf | author=Willis E. Hurd | work=[[Monthly Weather Review]] | title=North Pacific Ocean | pages=433–35 | date=August 1922 | access-date=5 July 2007 | archive-date=16 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716090927/http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/050/mwr-050-08-0433.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Some nearby villages were totally destroyed.<ref name="Other parts">{{cite web|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/050/mwr-050-08-0437b.pdf|page=437|title=Notes on weather in the other parts of the world|work=[[Monthly Weather Review]]|access-date=14 June 2007}}</ref> Several ships near the coast were totally wrecked.<ref name=Selga>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/tropical/selga-ii.html|title=The Selga Chronology Part II: 1901–1934|publisher=Universidad Complutense Madrid|access-date=2 May 2007}}</ref> Other ones were blown as far as two miles inland.<ref name="Other parts"/> The area around the city had around another 50,000 casualties.<ref name=Selga/> The total death toll was above 60,000,<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/images/global.pdf|title=NOAA's Top Global Weather, Water and Climate Events of the 20th Century|publisher=[[NOAA]]|access-date=28 June 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070628180206/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/images/global.pdf| archive-date= 28 June 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> and may have been higher than 100,000.<ref name=Selga/>

In the 1930s, as a transport hub and  merchandise distribution centre in Southeast China, Shantou Port's cargo throughput ranked third in the country. A brief account of a visit to the city in English during this period is the English accountant Max Relton's ''A Man in the East: A Journey through French Indo-China'' (Michael Joseph Ltd., London, 1939). On 21 June 1939, [[Swatow Operation|Japanese troops invaded Shantou]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.step.com.cn/stwb/20090619/gb/stwb%5E3603%5E6%5ETQ061007.htm |script-title=zh:日军入侵 汕头沦陷 |website=step.com.cn |date=2009-06-19 |access-date=30 November 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030107/http://www.step.com.cn/stwb/20090619/gb/stwb%5E3603%5E6%5ETQ061007.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Japanese forces occupied Shantou until 15 August 1945.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dahuawang.com/localnews/showlocal.asp?no=63735 |script-title=zh:侵汕日军投降日 汕头人民欢天喜地庆祝胜利 |website=dahuawang.com |access-date=30 November 2014 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212340/http://www.dahuawang.com/localnews/showlocal.asp?no=63735 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Communist [[People's Liberation Army]] captured Shantou on 24 October 1949, 23 days after the People's Republic of China was founded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/hotspot/dstxsdf/stqytz/200303140812.htm |script-title=zh:汕头历次区划调整大事记（1949-2003） |date=2003-03-14 |website=southcn.com}}</ref>

With higher-level administrative authority, Shantou governed [[Chaozhou City]] and [[Jieyang|Jieyang City]] from 1983 to 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shantou.gov.cn/zjst/view.asp?lmdm=011700&id=12204  |script-title=zh:中國汕頭政府－歷史沿革 |publisher=Shantou People's Government |access-date=24 December 2009| language = zh-hans}}</ref>

==Geography==
Shantou is located in eastern Guangdong with latitude spanning 23°02′33″ – 23°38′50″ N and longitude 116°14′40″ – 117°19′35″ E; the [[Tropic of Cancer]] passes through the northern part of the city, and along it there is a monument, in fact the easternmost in mainland China, at {{coord|23.44240|116.58885|format=dms|type:landmark_region:CN-44}}.<ref name=stxcb>{{cite web|url=http://ag.stxcb.com/ACont1.asp?Page=&CNo=13&Id=23|script-title=zh:汕头宣传网－爱国主义教育基地|website=ag.stxcb.com|access-date=28 May 2013|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313040900/http://ag.stxcb.com/acont1.asp?cno=13&id=23&page=|url-status=dead}}</ref> The highest peak in the city's administration is Mount Dajian ({{lang|zh|大尖山}}) on [[Nan'ao Island]], at {{convert|587|m|0|abbr=on}}; the highest peak on the geographic mainland is [[:zh:莲花山|Mount Lianhua]] ({{lang|zh-hans|莲花山}}), at {{convert|562|m|0|abbr=on}} in [[Chenghai District]]. The city is located at the mouths of the [[Han River (Guangdong)|Han]], [[:zh:榕江 (广东)|Rong]] ({{lang|zh|榕江}}), and [[Lian River (South China Sea)|Lian River]]s.

Shantou is {{convert|301|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Hong Kong]].<ref>[[Joe McGinniss|McGinniss, Joe]]. ''Never Enough: A Shocking True Story of Greed, Jealousy and Murder''. [[Simon & Schuster]], 25 December 2012. {{ISBN|1471108384}}, 9781471108389. [[Google Books]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=gphn9PnEHVwC&pg=PT284 PT284].</ref>

==Climate==
Shantou has a monsoon-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa''), with short, mild to warm winters, and long, hot, humid summers. Winter begins sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier. Spring is generally overcast, while summer brings the heaviest rains of the year though is much sunnier; there are 8.2 days annually with {{convert|50|mm|2|abbr=on}} of rainfall. Autumn is sunny and dry. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|14.7|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|29.1|°C|1}} in July, and the annual mean is {{convert|22.58|°C|1}}. The annual rainfall is around {{convert|1618|mm|0|abbr=on}}, about 60% of which occurs from May to August. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 28% in March to 58% in July and October, the city receives 1,979 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{convert|0.3|°C|0}} (unofficial record of {{convert|-0.6|°C|0}} was set on 18 January 1893) to {{convert|38.8|°C|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中国各地城市的历史最低气温 |url=https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=weibo.com}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| collapsed = y
| location = Shantou, elevation {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| Jan high C = 18.8
| Feb high C = 19.3
| Mar high C = 21.6
| Apr high C = 25.4
| May high C = 28.7
| Jun high C = 31.1
| Jul high C = 32.7
| Aug high C = 32.5
| Sep high C = 31.5
| Oct high C = 28.7
| Nov high C = 25.1
| Dec high C = 20.9
| Jan mean C = 14.8
| Feb mean C = 15.3
| Mar mean C = 17.7
| Apr mean C = 21.7
| May mean C = 25.3
| Jun mean C = 27.9
| Jul mean C = 29.1
| Aug mean C = 28.9
| Sep mean C = 27.9
| Oct mean C = 25.0
| Nov mean C = 21.1
| Dec mean C = 16.8
| Jan low C = 11.8
| Feb low C = 12.6
| Mar low C = 15.0
| Apr low C = 18.9
| May low C = 22.8
| Jun low C = 25.5
| Jul low C = 26.4
| Aug low C = 26.2
| Sep low C = 25.2
| Oct low C = 21.9
| Nov low C = 17.9
| Dec low C = 13.6
| Jan record high C = 29.0
| Jan record low C = 0.4
| Feb record high C = 29.7
| Feb record low C = 1.1
| Mar record high C = 31.6
| Mar record low C = 3.0
| Apr record high C = 35.0
| Apr record low C = 8.3
| May record high C = 36.7
| May record low C = 14.2
| Jun record high C = 37.5
| Jun record low C = 17.1
| Jul record high C = 38.8
| Jul record low C = 20.8
| Aug record high C = 38.5
| Aug record low C = 21.6
| Sep record high C = 37.3
| Sep record low C = 16.4
| Oct record high C = 36.0
| Oct record low C = 8.2
| Nov record high C = 33.1
| Nov record low C = 4.6
| Dec record high C = 30.0
| Dec record low C = 0.3
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 38.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 48.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 85.9
| Apr precipitation mm = 146.5
| May precipitation mm = 194.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 283.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 223.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 282.9
| Sep precipitation mm = 149.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 34.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 43.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 40.9
| Jan humidity = 74
| Feb humidity = 77
| Mar humidity = 78
| Apr humidity = 79
| May humidity = 80
| Jun humidity = 83
| Jul humidity = 80
| Aug humidity = 80
| Sep humidity = 76
| Oct humidity = 69
| Nov humidity = 72
| Dec humidity = 71
| unit precipitation days = 0.1&nbsp;mm
| Jan precipitation days = 6.1
| Feb precipitation days = 8.7
| Mar precipitation days = 10.8
| Apr precipitation days = 11.4
| May precipitation days = 14.0
| Jun precipitation days = 16.4
| Jul precipitation days = 13.8
| Aug precipitation days = 13.7
| Sep precipitation days = 9.2
| Oct precipitation days = 3.7
| Nov precipitation days = 4.4
| Dec precipitation days = 6.1
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 144.8
| Feb sun = 112.5
| Mar sun = 112.0
| Apr sun = 127.3
| May sun = 153.8
| Jun sun = 172.6
| Jul sun = 241.9
| Aug sun = 214.5
| Sep sun = 202.7
| Oct sun = 211.9
| Nov sun = 176.8
| Dec sun = 160.0
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 43
| Feb percentsun = 35
| Mar percentsun = 30
| Apr percentsun = 33
| May percentsun = 37
| Jun percentsun = 43
| Jul percentsun = 58
| Aug percentsun = 54
| Sep percentsun = 55
| Oct percentsun = 59
| Nov percentsun = 54
| Dec percentsun = 48
| year percentsun = 
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>[[NOAA]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/China/CSV/SHANTOU_59316.csv
|title = Shantou Climate Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = [[NOAA]]
|language =en-us}}
</ref>extremes<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.roostweather.com/worldclimate/graphs.php?code=CHM00059316
|title= Shantou Climate: 1991–2020
|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather
|access-date=7 October 2025
}}</ref>
| source 2 = Weather China<ref name = Clim>{{cite web
| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101280501.shtml?
| script-title=zh:汕头 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 
| publisher = Weather China
| language = zh
| access-date = 27 November 2022}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

==Administration==
Shantou is a [[prefecture-level city]]. It has direct jurisdiction over six [[District of China|districts]] and one [[County (People's Republic of China)|county]].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"
! colspan="13" |'''Administrative divisions of Shantou'''
|-
| colspan="13" style="font-size:larger" |<div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Shantou.png|width=550|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=300|y=220|scale=450/750|text=[[Jinping District|'''Jinping''']]}}
{{Image label|x=405|y=210|scale=450/750|text=[[Longhu District|'''Longhu''']]}}
{{Image label|x=340|y=330|scale=450/750|text=[[Haojiang District|'''Haojiang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=140|y=270|scale=450/750|text=[[Chaoyang District, Shantou|'''Chaoyang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=110|y=440|scale=450/750|text=[[Chaonan District|'''Chaonan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=420|y=100|scale=450/750|text=[[Chenghai District|'''Chenghai''']]}}
{{Image label|x=600|y=190|scale=450/750|text='''[[Nan'ao County]]'''}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Division code]]<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans|url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 |publisher=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]]}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | English name
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | [[Simplified Chinese|Chinese]]
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | [[Pinyin]]
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref>{{cite book |language=zh-hans|author=汕头市国土资源局 |script-title=zh:《汕头市土地利用总体规划（2006–2020年）》}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Population 2010<ref>{{cite book |language=zh-hans|author=中华人民共和国国家统计局|script-title=zh:《中国2010年人口普查分县资料》|date=December 2012 |publisher=China Statistics Press |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Seat
!! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Postal code
!! scope="col" colspan=5 | Divisions<ref>{{cite book |language=zh-hans|author=Ministry of Civil Affairs|author-link=Ministry of Civil Affairs|script-title=zh:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》|date=August 2014 |publisher=China Statistics Press |isbn= 978-7-5037-7130-9}}</ref>
|-
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[Subdistrict (China)|Subdistricts]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[Town (China)|Towns]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[Residential community|Residential communities]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[Villages of the People's Republic of China|Administrative villages]]
|- style="font-weight: bold"
! 440500 !! Shantou City 
| {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|汕头市}}}}
|| Shàntóu Shì || 2248.39 || 5,389,328 ||  || 515000 || 37 || 32 || 517 || 548
|-
! 440507 !! [[Longhu District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|龙湖区}}|| Lónghú Qū || 119.42 || 536,356 || [[Jinxia Subdistrict, Shantou|Jinxia Subdistrict]]|| 515000 || 5 || 2 || 80 || 32
|-
! 440511 !! [[Jinping District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|金平区}}|| Jīnpíng Qū || 146.15 || 810,284 || [[Shipaotai Subdistrict]]|| 515000 || 17 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 169 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|-
! 440512 !! [[Haojiang District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|濠江区}}|| Háojiāng Qū || 179.89 || 267,463 || [[Dahao Subdistrict]] || 515000 || 7 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 60 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|-
! 440513 !! [[Chaoyang District, Shantou|Chaoyang District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|潮阳区}}|| Cháoyáng Qū || 664.91 || 1,626,357 || [[Wenguang Subdistrict]]|| 515100 || 4 || 9 || 93 || 179
|-
! 440514 !! [[Chaonan District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|潮南区}}|| Cháonán Qū || 596.42 || 1,288,165 || [[Xiashan Subdistrict]]|| 515100 || 1 || 10 || 65 || 167
|-
! 440515 !! [[Chenghai District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|澄海区}}|| Chénghǎi Qū || 429.43 || 800,399 || [[Chenghua Subdistrict]]|| 515800 || 3 || 8 || 45 || 137
|-
! 440523 !! [[Nan'ao County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|南澳县}}|| Nán'ào Xiàn || 112.17 || 60,304 || [[Houzhai|Houzhai Town]]|| 515900 ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 3 || 5 || 33
|}

As of 2003, the district of Haojiang was established out of [[Hepu District|Hepu]] and [[Dahao]] which had been merged, and the district of Jinping [[Shengping]] and [[Jinyuan]]; Waisha and Xinxi Town, part of former Chenghai City, was merged into Longhu District; Chenghai City became Chenghai District; Chaoyang City was divided and became Chaoyang and Chaonan District respectively.

==Economy==
[[File:Shantou harbour and skyline viewed from Double Island June 2022.jpg|thumb|left|Shantou harbor and skyline as viewed from Double Island, June 2022]]

Shantou's economy is medium by [[Guangdong]] standards. Manufacturing accounts for a large and increasing share of employment. [[Canning]], garments, lithography, plastic, and toys are some of the principal products. Toy manufacturing is the city's leading export industry, with 400 million U.S. dollars' worth of exports each year. Canaton Calculator Co. is a multinational electronic devices manufacturing company.

[[Guiyu (town)|Guiyu]], a populous town in [[Chaoyang District, Shantou|Chaoyang District]], is the biggest [[electronic waste]] site on earth.<ref>The Seattle Times (2006). ''[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002920133_ewaste09.html E-waste dump of the world] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615023537/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002920133_ewaste09.html |date=15 June 2007 }}''. Retrieved 9 March 2007</ref> Health-environmental issues incurred have concerned international organizations such as [[Greenpeace]].

In 2000, the biggest tax fraud in the history of the People's Republic of China was uncovered, estimated worthy of 32.3&nbsp;billion yuan. In 2017, the analyzed data of Shantou GDP is approximately 230 billion yuan(US$35.4 billion).

===Development zone===
With an area of {{convert|2.34|km²|abbr=on}}, Shantou Free Trade Zone lies at the south part of Shantou city. It was ratified by the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China]] and founded in January 1993, and it formally came into use on December of the same year after its supervision installations were checked and accepted by the [[General Administration of Customs]]. It has been comprehensively developing export processing, storage, international trade, finance and information industry. Its goal is to establish a modernized international zone that is open to overseas by drawing experience from international free trade zones.<ref>[http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shantou-free-trade-zone/ RightSite.asia | Shantou Free Trade Zone]</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Guoping Road, Shantou.jpg|thumb|Guoping Road in downtown Shantou, December 2018]]
Shantou is one of the most densely populated regions in China. Former Chaoyang City was China's most populous county-level administrative region, with 2.4&nbsp;million inhabitants.
Shantou has direct jurisdiction over six districts and one county, and the six urban districts of Shantou have a population of 5,330,764.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

===Metro area===
With it and the surrounding cities of [[Jieyang]] and [[Chaozhou]], the administrative [[metropolitan area]] known as [[Chaoshan]] covers an area of {{convert|10404|km2|abbr=on}}, and had a permanent population of 13,648,232 as of the 2020 census. Nevertheless, its built-up area spread on 11 districts, [[Puning]] city and [[Raoping]] county was home to 12,543,024 inhabitants as of 2020 census.<ref name="citypopulation.de"/>
This is de facto the fifth built-up area of China after Guangzhou-Shenzhen Pearl River Delta megacity, Shanghai-Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou conurbation, Beijing and Hangzhou-Shaoxing agglomeration.

===Languages===
Most residents are linguistically [[Chaoshan Min]]. Chaoshan dialect is a variant of Min Nan (Hokkien-Taiwanese) spoken in the neighbouring Southern Fujian and Taiwan. There are also [[Hakka people|Hakka]], popularly known as Half-[[Hakka people|Hakka]] ({{lang|zh|半山客}}), living mainly in Chaoyang District and Chaonan District, although they speak Chaoshan on a daily basis and practise Chaoshan culture. The Mandarin-medium education system, widely promoted throughout China, has made most people, especially younger generations, speak Mandarin fluently. Cantonese language TV and labor migrations to the Pearl River Delta has also made Cantonese widely spoken as a third language by the younger generations.

Governmental statistics show that 2.16&nbsp;million [[overseas Chinese]] have roots in Shantou, with significant populations of [[Teochew people]] residing in [[Thailand]] and [[Cambodia]], which constitute a majority of [[Thai Chinese]] and a majority of [[Chinese Cambodians]]. This is demonstrated by the unusually high number of international direct flights between [[Bangkok]] and Shantou. In addition, there are at least two [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]]-speaking air hostesses on board each [[China Southern]] flight between Shantou and Bangkok.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=民航资源网 |year=2002 |url=http://news.carnoc.com/list/12/12614.html |script-title=zh:汕头——曼谷航班有了潮籍空姐 |access-date=5 March 2007}}</ref> The Teochew presence, furthermore, is evident in Singapore and [[Malaysia]]; [[Johor Bahru]], a coastal city situated at the latter's southernmost tip, is known as 'Little Swatow', due to the majority local [[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]] populace is dominantly Teochew and as well as the second largest group of the local [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese]] population in Singapore.

==Culture and lifestyle==
{{main|Teochew people#Culture}}
Shantou people share the same culture with other [[Teochew people|Teochew]]. The tea-drinking tradition widely practised in town is a classic instance. According to ''[[China Daily]]'', Shantou people "drink more tea than anyone else in China, in total 700 million yuan (US$87.5&nbsp;million) each year".<ref>''[[China Daily]]'' (2006). ''[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-03/14/content_534823.htm For all the tea in China, head to Shantou]''. Retrieved 26 July 2006</ref>

==Religions==
[[File:Shantou Joseph Church.jpg|thumb|St. Joseph's Cathedral of Shantou]]
Most of the population in Shantou is non-religious or practices [[Chinese folk religion|traditional folk religions]], [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhism]], [[Taoism]], or worship of [[Shen (Chinese religion)|Chinese deities]] and [[Ancestor veneration in China|ancestors]]. About 2% of the population belongs to an organised religion, with 40,000 [[Protestantism in China|Protestants]], 20,000 [[Roman Catholicism in China|Catholics]] and 500 [[Islam in China|Muslims]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ydtz.com/news/shownews.asp?id=38988 |script-title=zh:汕头宗教的主要特征 |access-date=29 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903152318/http://www.ydtz.com/news/shownews.asp?id=38988 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> St. Joseph's Cathedral of Shantou is the cathedral of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Shantou]].

==Infrastructure==

===Health===
The public hospitals in the Shantou metropolitan area are operated by the Government of Shantou. Management of these hospitals and other specialist health facilities are coordinated by Shantou Board of Health.

===Utilities===
Shantou's electricity is provided entirely by [[State Grid Corporation|China Southern Power Grid]], [[Mail|postal service]] operated by [[China Post]].

===Telecommunications===

Shantou is one of the most important international telecommunications ports in China. Four [[List of international submarine communications cables|international submarine communications cables]] land at Shantou submarine cable landing station, including [[APCN 2]], [[China-US Cable Network]], [[SMW3]] and South-East Asia Japan Cable System (SJC).<ref>{{cite web|title=Shantou Submarine Cable Landing Station|url=http://www.submarinenetworks.com/stations/asia/china/shantou-cls|publisher=Submarine Cable Networks website|access-date=24 February 2012}}</ref>

[[China Telecom]], [[China Unicom]] and [[China Mobile]] provide fixed lines, broadband internet access and mobile telecommunications services there.

===Transport===
[[File:Queshi Bridge - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Shantou [[Queshi Bridge]] during sunset|left]]

====Urban transport====
Public transportation is provided by bus, ferry, bike sharing system and taxi. Residents also travel by private car and [[motorbike]]s. There are two bridges throughout the city that cross the Shantou Harbor: the [[Queshi Bridge]] and [[Shantou Bay Bridge]]. A [[Shantou Metro|metro system]] is planned with construction of three lines (Lines 1, 2, and 3) commencing in 2018 and opening of the system planned in 2020.
[[File:Shantou East Coast CBD.jpg|thumb|The new CBD of Shantou on the east coast, facing the Taiwan strait, as viewed from Dahao Island.]]

====Air====
Shantou previously had its own civil airport, [[Shantou Waisha Airport]]. It was formerly the main airport serving the Shantou until nearby [[Jieyang Chaoshan Airport]] was opened on 15 December 2011. Shantou Waisha Airport became a military airbase since then and all civilian flights were transferred to the newly built airport in Jieyang.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://money.163.com/11/1215/02/7L9H7MBE002526O5.html |script-title=zh:揭阳潮汕机场今晨起飞首架航机 |newspaper=Netease |language=zh-hans |date=15 December 2011 |access-date=23 January 2013 |archive-date=20 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020195642/http://money.163.com/11/1215/02/7L9H7MBE002526O5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Taxi is the usual way to travel between the airport and the city proper. The taxi fare is around 60 [[Renminbi|RMB]]. Airport-Downtown Shantou shuttle charter is also suggested. Based in Shantou, Shantou Airlines Co. operated by China Southern Airlines has a 15 aircraft fleet in service.

====Railways====
[[File:Shantou Station 2019 06.jpg|thumb|[[Shantou Railway Station]], 2019]]
[[File:D7142 departs from Shantou Railway Station.jpg|thumb|A high-speed train leaving Shantou for Guangzhou, 2022]]
There are three railway stations which serve Shantou: [[Chaoshan Railway Station]] and [[Chaoyang railway station (Guangdong)|Chaoyang railway station]] which lie on the [[Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway]] line, and [[Shantou railway station|Shantou Railway Station]] which lies on the [[Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou Railway]] and is under construction for the Guangzhou-Shanwei-Shantou 350&nbsp;km/h high speed railway.

==Tourism attractions==
* [http://static.nfapp.southcn.com/content/201712/29/c877213.html Shantou Times Square light show] (19:00-21:00 on Friday and weekend)
* Shipaotai Park ({{lang-zh|s=石炮台公园 |p=Shí pàotái gōngyuán}})
* Chen Cihong's Former Residence ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=陈慈黉故居 |p=Chén Cíhóng gùjū}})
* [[Nan'ao Island]], rated as Guangdong's most beautiful island by China's National Geographic magazine
*  Palace-Temple of Old Mother ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=老妈宫 |p=Lǎo Mā gōng}}): dedicated to [[Mazu]], Goddess of Sea
* Temple of Emperor Guan ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=关帝庙 |p=Guān Dì miào}}): dedicated to [[Guan Yu|Lord Guan]]
* Tropic of Cancer Symbol Tower ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=北回归线标志塔 |p=Běihuíguīxiàn biāozhìtǎ}}): The Tropic of Cancer slips through Centipede Mountain, which is 20 kilometers away from the city properly.
* Shantou Museum ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=汕头博物馆 |p=Shàntóu bówùguǎn}}): An art museum.
* Shantou Founding Museum ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=汕头开埠博物馆 |p=Shàntóu kāibù bówùguǎn}}): This history museum is devoted to the establishment of Swatow (Shantou) as a treaty port in the 19th century, not to be confused with Shantou Museum.
* Old town of Swatow and Dr. Sun Yat-sen memorial pavilion ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=汕头老市区和中山纪念亭 |p=Shàntóu lǎo shìqū hé Zhōngshān jìniàntíng}})
* Chaoshan Historical and Cultural Exhibition Center 潮汕历史文化博览中心 is a museum includes four major exhibition areas: Chaoshan cultural relics exhibition area, Chaoshan folk customs exhibition area, overseas Chinese cultural exhibition area, and calligraphy and painting art exhibition area.
* East Coast Avenue ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=东海岸大道|p=Dōng hǎi'àn Dàdào}})The new urban area of Shantou, a long seaside promenade
* Golden Coast（中海黄金海岸；Zhong hai huang jin hai an）

The [[Shantou Cultural Revolution Museum]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no |s=文革博物馆 |p=Wéngé bówùguǎn}}) was the country's only museum dedicated to the [[Cultural Revolution]]. It closed in 2016.

==Media==
{{expand section|date=November 2012}}
In 1912 Swatow had four newspapers, all in Chinese. They were ''[[Han Chao Pao]]'', ''[[Ming Chuan]]'' (People's Rights), ''[[Ta Fung Pao]]'' (The Typhoon), and ''[[Ta Tung Pao]]'' (Eastern Times).<ref name=USFDC187>[[United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=nsANAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Tsingtauer+Neueste+Nachrichten%22&pg=PA188 p. 187].</ref> In 2018, Shantou Metropolis Daily Post and Shantou Special Economic Zone Evening News both stopped their traditional newspaper business and transform into e-newspaper newspapers. Meanwhile, the [https://strb.dahuawang.com/html/2018-01/08/node_22.htm Shantou Daily]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Municipal) keep providing both newspaper service and e-newspaper service for Shantou citizens and other readers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=再见，为了更好的相遇《汕头都市报》、《汕头特区晚报》|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/www.sohu.com/a/214040764_500775|access-date=2021-10-31|website=www.sohu.com|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Education==
Education is overseen provincewide by the Guangdong Education Bureau.

===Primary and secondary===
Shantou has a host of well-known schools:
* [[Shantou Jinshan Middle School]]
* [[Shantou Number One Middle School]]
* [[Shantou Experimental School]]

===Colleges and universities===
[[File:Shantou University Entrance Gate.jpg|thumb|224x224px|Entrance gate to [[Shantou University]]]]
* [[Shantou University]] (STU)
* [[Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology|Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT)]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060717130952/http://scutst.stedu.net/ South China University of Technology Shantou College]
* [http://www.sttvu.net/ Shantou Polytechnic]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060718112752/http://stzy.stedu.net/ Shantou Radio and TV University]

==Sports==
* [[Haibin Stadium|Haibin Stadium (Jinping District)]]
* [https://www.stty.gov.cn/map/guan-3.html Zhengda Stadium (Longhu District)]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://fuwu.stty.gov.cn/view/16 Shantou Natatorium and Diving Stadium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109063810/http://fuwu.stty.gov.cn/view/16 |date=9 January 2018 }} (Haojiang District)
* [http://fuwu.stty.gov.cn/view/19 Youngsters Soccer Court of Shantou Times Square] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109063924/http://fuwu.stty.gov.cn/view/19 |date=9 January 2018 }} (Downtown)
* [http://fuwu.stty.gov.cn/view/20 Fitness square and tennis courts of Xinghu Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109064221/http://fuwu.stty.gov.cn/view/20 |date=9 January 2018 }} (Longhu District)
* Shantou Citic Golf Club(27Holes) (Haojiang District)
* Shantou Jinfeng Sports Park(Including golf course, basketball fields and soccer courts)(Longhu District)

==Twin towns – sister cities==
Shantou is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref name=twinning>{{cite web |title=International Connections|url=https://english.shantou.gov.cn/english/%EF%BB%BFoverview/connections/|website=shantou.gov.cn|publisher=Shantou|access-date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Cần Thơ]], Vietnam (2005)
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Haifa]], Israel (2015)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kishiwada, Osaka|Kishiwada]], Japan (1990)
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]], New Brunswick, Canada (1997)

===Friendly cities===
Shantou has friendly relations with:<ref name=twinning/>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok]], Thailand (2000)
*{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Durrës]], Albania (2015)
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Fairfield City Council|Fairfield]], Australia (2005)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Federal Way, Washington|Federal Way]], United States (2013)
*{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Johor Bahru]], Malaysia (2011)
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Khabarovsk]], Russia (2019)
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Leiria]], Portugal (2018)
*{{flagicon|GAB}} [[Libreville]], Gabon (2015)
*{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Puntarenas]], Costa Rica (2014)
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Pyeongtaek]], South Korea (2003)
*{{flagicon|KHM}} [[Phnom Penh]], Cambodia (2024)<ref>{{cite news |author1=姚天爵 |title=汕头与金边缔结为友好交流城市 13个项目签约逾6亿元 |url=https://strb.dahuawang.com/content/202408/13/c161890.htm |work=汕头日报 |date=2024-08-13 |language=zh |archive-date=13 August 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813201144/https://strb.dahuawang.com/content/202408/13/c161890.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Notable people==
Many notable Chinese come from Shantou or their [[Ancestral home (China)|ancestral home]] is Shantou.
<!-- Only add entries for people with Wikipedia articles: all other entries will be removed. -->

===Entrepreneurs===
*[[Mainland China]]
**[[Huang Guangyu]] (1969–), Chairman of Gome Group and once the richest persons in Mainland China
**[[Ma Huateng]] (1971–), Founder of [[Tencent]] Computer System Co., Ltd and creator of [[Tencent QQ|QQ]]
**Ji Haipeng, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Logan Property Holdings Co, Ltd.
**[[Yao Zhenhua]], the chairman of [[Baoneng Group]], China's fourth-richest man as of January 2017
**[[Xie Jian]], the chairman of [https://leyubricks.com/ Leyu Bricks]
*[[Thailand]]
**[[Low Kiok Chiang]] (1843–1911), founder of Khiam Hoa Heng entreprises (1872-1950s)
**[[Dhanin Chearavanont]] (1939-), Senior Chairman of [[CP Group]], Thailand's largest private company and Forbes ranked.
*Hong Kong
**Sir [[Li Ka-shing]] [[Grand Bauhinia Medal|GBM]] [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] [[Justice of the Peace|JP]] (1928–; [[Chaozhou]]), tycoon, the [[Chairman|chairman of the board]] for [[CK Hutchison Holdings]].
**[[Lim Por-yen]] (1914–2005), media tycoon, banker and charitarian
*Singapore
** [[Tang Choon Keng]] (1901–2000), founder of [[Tangs]]

===Entertainment===
*Hong Kong born
**[[Emil Chau]] (1960–) actor and singer
**[[Kwong Wah]] (1962–), actor and singer
**[[Canti Lau]] (1964–) actor and singer
**[[Sammi Cheng]] (1972–) actress and singer
**[[Kent Cheng]] (1951-), actor
*[[Mainland China]]
**[[Cai Chusheng]] (1906–1968), director, and his film ''[[Song of the Fisherman]]'' ({{lang|zh-Hans|渔光曲}}) received the first international film prize in China's history

===Other===
*[[Taksin|King Taksin (Zheng Xin)]] (1734–1782), Thailand King from 1767 to 1782
* [[Hsu Shu-hsi]] (1892–1982), Chinese diplomat
* [[Nuon Chea]] (1926–2018), Cambodian politician 
* [[:zh:吴南生|Wu Nansheng]] (1922-2018), former Secretary of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee 
* [[Adele M. Fielde]] (1839–1916), missionary and author
* [[Qin Mu]] (1919–1992), writer
* [[Watchman Nee]] (1903–1972), theologian, and opponent of prosperity theology
* [[Tan Howe Liang]] (1933–), Singaporean weightlifting Olympian
* [[Chua Soi Lek]] (1947–), Malaysian politician and former President of [[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]]
* [[Xu Shilin (tennis)|Xu Shilin]] (1998–), Chinese tennis player, Junior Olympic gold medallist
* [[Shing-Tung Yau]] (1949–), American mathematician, winner of the 1982 Fields Medal, the William Caspar Graustein Professor of Mathematics at [[Harvard University]]
* [http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~hhuan30/aboutme.html Hao Huang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216103818/http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~hhuan30/aboutme.html |date=16 December 2019 }}, Chinese mathematician, solver of [[Sensitivity Conjecture]] and Assistant Professor at [[Emory University]]

==See also==
{{Portal|China}}
*[[Chaoshan]]
*[[Chaozhou]]
*[[Teochew people]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* ''Miscellaneous series, Issues 7–11''. [[United States Department of Commerce]], [[Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce]], 1912.

==Further reading==
*{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1UuAAAAYAAJ
|title=From Swatow to Canton: (overland)
|year=1877
|author=Herbert Allen Giles
|publisher=Trübner LONDON : Trübner & CO. SHANGHAI : KELLY & WALSH
|location=SHANGHAI : PRINTED AT THE "CELESTIAL EMPIRE" OFFICE
|pages=74
|access-date=10 February 2012  }}(Harvard University)

==External links==
{{Commons category|Shantou}}
{{wikivoyage|Shantou}}
* {{in lang|zh}} [http://www.shantou.gov.cn Official government website]
* [http://english.shantou.gov.cn/ Website of Shantou Government]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721044213/http://www.stdaily.com.cn/index.asp Shantou Daily]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908092053/http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjnj/ml_e.htm Guangdong Statistical Yearbook]
* [https://www.hpcbristol.net/location/shantou HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF CHINA by UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL]

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[[Category:Shantou| ]]