View source for Shiloh National Military Park

{{Short description|Historic Civil War site in Hardin County, Tennessee}}
{{for|the military conflict|Battle of Shiloh}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Shiloh National Military Park
<!-- not designated in IUCN database -->
| photo = Shiloh Church.jpg
| photo_caption = Shiloh Church replica
| map = Tennessee#Mississippi#USA
| relief = 1
| map_caption =
| location = [[Shiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee]] & [[Corinth, Mississippi]], [[United States|US]]
| nearest_city = [[Savannah, Tennessee]]
| coordinates = {{coord|35|08|12|N|88|20|26|W|region:US_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| area_acre = 9324<!-- rounded to 1 acre -->
| area_ref = <ref name="area">{{NPS area |year=2020 |accessdate=2021-08-15}}</ref>
| established = December 27, 1894<ref>{{cite web |title=Park Anniversaries |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/npscelebrates/park-anniversaries.htm |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| visitation_num = 371,735
| visitation_year = 2023 
| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]
| website = [https://www.nps.gov/shil/index.htm Shiloh National Military Park]
}}

{{Infobox protected area
| name =  Shiloh National Battlefield
| iucn_category = III
| map =
| relief = 1
| map_caption =
| location =
| nearest_city =
| coordinates =
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| area_acre =
| established =
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| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]
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}}

'''Shiloh National Military Park''' preserves the [[American Civil War]] [[Battle of Shiloh|Shiloh]] and [[Siege of Corinth|Corinth]] battlefields. The main section of the park is in the [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] community of [[Shiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee|Shiloh]], about {{convert|9|mi|km|spell=in}} south of [[Savannah, Tennessee]], with additional areas located in the city of [[Corinth, Mississippi]], {{convert|23|mi|km}} southwest of Shiloh and the [[Parker's Crossroads Battlefield]] in the city of [[Parkers Crossroads, Tennessee]]. The [[Battle of Shiloh]] (April 6–7, 1862) began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, [[Union army|Union]] forces marched from [[Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee|Pittsburg Landing]] to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] counter-attack.

The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided auto-tour.

==Shiloh battlefield==

{{main|Battle of Shiloh}}
The Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the [[Western Theater of the American Civil War]]. The two-day battle, April 6–7, 1862, involved about 65,000 [[Union army|Union]] troops under [[Ulysses S. Grant]] and [[Don Carlos Buell]] and 44,000 [[Confederate States Army|Confederates]] under [[Albert Sidney Johnston]] (killed in the battle) and [[P.G.T. Beauregard]]. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side—the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there.

The battlefield is named after '''Shiloh Methodist Church''', a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as "The Battle of Pittsburg Landing".<ref>Known Southern History</ref>

<gallery caption="Shiloh Military Park Landmarks">
Image:Iowa Monument, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|Iowa Monument
File:Sunken Road, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|The Sunken Road
Image:Confederate Memorial Shiloh National Military Park.jpg| Confederate Memorial
Image:Union Cemetery, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|Shiloh National Cemetery
</gallery>

==Park information==
* Total area: {{convert|3,997|acre|km2|abbr=on}}<!-- Numbers rounded to whole acres iaw MOS:NUM -->
* Federal area: {{convert|3,942|acre|km2|abbr=on}}
* Nonfederal area: {{convert|55|acre|km2|abbr=on}}

The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, [[Basil W. Duke]] was appointed commissioner of Shiloh National Military Park by President Theodore Roosevelt. There were requests of local farmers who had grown tired of their [[pig]]s rooting up the remains of soldiers that had fallen during the battle, insisting that the federal government do something about it. The park was transferred from the [[United States Department of War|War Department]] to the [[National Park Service]] on August 10, 1933. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on October 15, 1966. On September 22, 2000, sites associated with the Corinth battlefield (see [[Battle of Corinth I|First]] and [[Battle of Corinth II|Second Battles of Corinth]]) were added to the park. The [[Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites]] was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 6, 1991.<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|title=Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|access-date=2007-10-24|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065325/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|archive-date=June 6, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite journal|url={{NHLS url|id=91001050}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|date=January 8, 1991 |format=PDF |author1=Paul Hawke |author2=Cecil McKithan |author3=Tom Hensley |author4=Jack Elliott |author5=Edwin C. Bearss  |name-list-style=amp |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=2009-06-22}} and, {{NHLS url|id=91001050|title=Accompanying 15 photos, from 1990|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(1.70&nbsp;MB)}}</ref> The [[National Park Travelers Club]] held its 2013 convention at Shiloh.<ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4fusXTACpA  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/i4fusXTACpA |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=National Park Travelers Club 2013 Convention Preview |publisher=NPTC |access-date=2012-06-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref> As of early 2024, the [[American Battlefield Trust]] and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved {{convert|1,554|acres|km2}} of the battlefield in more than 26 different transactions since 2001. Most of this land has been sold or conveyed to the National Park Service and incorporated into the park.<ref>[https://www.battlefields.org/preserve/saved-land] [[American Battlefield Trust]] "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed June 9, 2024.</ref>

===Visitor center===
Permanent exhibitions, films, displays and self-guided 12-mile auto-tour, stopping at the Peach Orchard, the Hornet's Nest and General Johnston's death site.

==Shiloh National Cemetery==
'''Shiloh National Cemetery''' is in the northeast corner of the park<ref>{{GNIS|1323947|Shiloh National Cemetery}} at {{coord|35|09|02|N|88|19|12|W|source:GNIS|display=inline}}</ref> adjacent to the visitor center and bookstore. Buried within its {{convert|20.09|acre|m2}} are 3,584 Union dead (of whom 2,357 are unknown), who were re-interred in the cemetery created after the war, in 1866.   There are two Confederate dead interred in the cemetery. The cemetery operations were transferred from War Department to the National Park Service in 1933. An unknown number of Confederate dead are interred in mass graves in the park.
{{wide image|Shiloh Natl Cemetery 2009 pano1.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view: slide bar to the right.}}

== Shiloh Indian Mounds Site ==
[[File:Shiloh Mounds Aerial Illustration HRoe 2022 350px.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Shiloh Mounds aerial illustration]]
The Shiloh battlefield has within its boundaries the well preserved prehistoric [[Shiloh Indian Mounds Site]], which is also a [[National Historic Landmark]]. The site was inhabited during the [[Mississippian culture|Early Mississippian period]] from about 1000 to 1450.<ref name=WELCH>{{Cite book |title=Archaeology at Shiloh Indian Mounds, 1899–1999 |author=Paul D. Welch |publisher=University of Alabama Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8173-1481-1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Memphis and Charleston Railroad]]
* [[List of Mississippian sites]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* ''The National Parks: Index 2001–2003''. Washington: [[United States Department of the Interior|U.S. Department of the Interior]].

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|https://www.nps.gov/shil/index.htm}}
*[http://www.civilwartraveler.com/WEST/TN/W-Shiloh.html Civil War Trails]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717025547/http://thomaseishen.com/Shiloh/shiloh%20map.html NPS Shiloh Auto Tour Map linked to photo galleries]
*[http://www.ourarchives.wikispaces.net/Appropriations+and+Expenditures+for+Shiloh+National+Cemetery%2C+1913+-+1933 Guide to records (appropriations and expenditures) for Shiloh National Cemetery, 1913–1933]
*[http://www.ourarchives.wikispaces.net/General+Administrative+Files+of+Shiloh+National+Military+Park Guide to records (general administrative files) of Shiloh National Military Park]
*[http://www.ourarchives.wikispaces.net/Register+of+Visitors+to+Shiloh+National+Cemetery%2C+1891-1932 Guide to records (register of visitors) to Shiloh National Cemetery, 1891–1932]
*{{GNIS|1270094|Shiloh National Battlefield}}<!-- coords used in infoxbox -->
*{{Find a Grave cemetery|18454|Shiloh National Cemetery}}
*{{HAER |survey=TN-37 |id=tn0300 |title=Shiloh National Military Park Tour Roads, Shiloh, Hardin County, TN |photos=44 |color=4 |dwgs=4 |data=129 |cap=5}}

{{Protected areas of Tennessee}}
{{Protected areas of Mississippi}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
{{Pre-Columbian North America}}
{{National Park Travelers Club Conventions}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Protected areas established in 1894]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Alcorn County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Battlefields of the Western Theater of the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Hardin County, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee]]
[[Category:National battlefields and military parks of the United States]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi]]
[[Category:Museums in Hardin County, Tennessee]]
[[Category:American Civil War museums in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Archaeological museums in Tennessee]]
[[Category:National Park Service areas in Mississippi]]
[[Category:Parks in Mississippi]]
[[Category:National Park Service areas in Tennessee]]
[[Category:1894 establishments in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Hardin County, Tennessee]]
[[Category:American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places]]
[[Category:Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Mississippi]]
[[Category:Battle of Shiloh]]