View source for Shirin Ebadi

{{Short description|Iranian-British lawyer, activist (born 1947)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Shirin Ebadi
| image              = Shirin Ebadi 01.jpg
| caption            = Ebadi in 2017
| native_name        = {{nobold|شيرين عبادى}}
| native_name_lang   = ps
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1947|6|21|df=y}}<ref name="O'NeilCity2007">{{cite book |author=Daniel P. O'Neil |title=Fatima's sword: Everyday female resistance in post-revolutionary Iran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e6OACOoqokEC&pg=PA55 |access-date=15 January 2012 |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-549-40947-2 |pages=55–61 }}</ref>
| birth_place        = [[Hamadan]], [[Pahlavi Iran|Iran]]
| death_date         = <!--{{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}}-->
| occupation         = {{flatlist|{{unbulleted list |Lawyer|judge}}}}
| known_for          = [[Defenders of Human Rights Center]]
| nationality        = Iranian<ref name=N/>
| alma_mater         = [[University of Tehran]]<ref name="Kinnear2011" />
| spouse             = 
| parents            = 
| children           = 
| awards             = [[Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize|Rafto Prize]] (2001)<br />[[Nobel Peace Prize]] (2003)<br />[[Interfaith Center of New York|JPM Interfaith Award]] (2004)<br />[[Legion of Honour]] (2006)
| signature          = Shirin Ebadi Signature.svg
| signature_size     = 100px
}}

'''Shirin Ebadi''' ({{langx|fa|شيرين عبادى|Širin Ebādi}}; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian [[List of Nobel laureates by country|Nobel laureate]], lawyer, writer, teacher and a former judge and founder of the [[Defenders of Human Rights Center]] in Iran. In 2003, Ebadi was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for her pioneering efforts for democracy and [[women's rights|women's]], [[children's rights|children's]], and [[right of asylum|refugee rights]]. She was the first Muslim woman and the first Iranian to receive the award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shirin Ebadi {{!}} Biography, Nobel Prize, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shirin-Ebadi |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

She has lived in exile in [[London]] since 2009.<ref>Jérôme Citron. Shirin Ebadi : "Je porte la voix de mon peuple". CFDT Magazine 2016, No.&nbsp;427, {{pp.|32–33}}.</ref>

== Life and early career as a judge ==
Ebadi was born in [[Hamadan]] into an educated family. Her father, Mohammad Ali Ebadi, was the city's chief [[notary public]] and a professor of [[commercial law]]. Her mother, Minu Yamini,.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-02 |title=Shirin Ebadi Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/world/meast/shirin-ebadi---fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> When she was an infant, her family moved to Tehran. Before earning a law degree from the [[University of Tehran]] Ebadi attended Anoshiravn Dadgar and Reza Shah Kabir schools.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shirin Ebadi|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shirin-Ebadi |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

She was admitted to the law department of the University of Tehran in 1965 and 1969; upon graduation, she passed the qualification exams to become a judge. After a six-month [[internship]] period{{inconsistent}}, she officially became a judge in March 1969. She continued her studies at the University of Tehran to pursue a doctorate in law; in 1971, one of her professors was [[Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani]]. In 1975, she became the first female president of the Tehran city court and served until the [[Iranian Revolution]].<ref name="UofA_2004_bio" /> She was one of the first female judges in Iran.<ref name="BBC Profile_2009">{{cite news|title=Profile: Shirin Ebadi|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3181992.stm|work=BBC News|date=27 November 2009 |access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="UofA_2004_bio" /><ref name="theguardian_Shirin_Ebadi">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/apr/25/shirin-ebadi-outside-of-iran-i-knew-id-be-more-useful-i-could-speak |title=Shirin Ebadi: 'Almost a fourth of the people on Earth are Muslim. Are they like each other? Of course not' |author=Porochista Khakpour |date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref>

After the 1979 Revolution women were no longer allowed to serve as judges and
she was dismissed and given a new job as a clerk in the court she had presided over.<ref>{{cite news |url= |title=Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi reflects on decades of resistance against Iran's regime |date=6 October 2023 |work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref>

Later, despite already having a [[law office]] permit her applications were repeatedly rejected, and Ebadi was unable to practice  law until 1993. She used this free time to write books and many articles in Iranian [[periodical]]s.<ref name="Kinnear2011" />

== Ebadi as a lawyer ==
[[File:Shirinebadi001.jpg|thumb|Shirin Ebadi at a WSIS press conference]]
By 2004, Ebadi was lecturing law at the [[University of Tehran]] while practicing law in Iran.<ref name="UofA_2004_bio">{{citation |url=http://www.globaled.ualberta.ca/en/VisitingLectureshipinHumanRights/20042005ShirinEbadi.aspx |work=University of Alberta Visiting Lectureship in Human Rights |title=2004–2005 Lecture – Shirin Ebadi |location=Edmonton, Alberta |date=21 October 2004 |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427095816/http://www.globaled.ualberta.ca/en/VisitingLectureshipinHumanRights/20042005ShirinEbadi.aspx |archive-date=27 April 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>  She is a campaigner for strengthening the legal status of children and women, and her work on women's  rights played a key role in the May 1997 landslide presidential election of the reformist [[Mohammad Khatami]].

As a lawyer, she is known for taking up ''[[pro bono]]'' cases of dissident figures who have fallen foul of the judiciary. Among  her clients were the family of [[Dariush Forouhar]], a dissident intellectual and politician who was found stabbed to death – along with his wife, [[Parvaneh Forouhar|Parvaneh Eskandari]] – in their home.

The couple was among several dissidents who died in [[Chain murders of Iran|a spate of gruesome murders]] that terrorized Iran's intellectual community. Suspicion fell on extremist hard-liners determined to stop the more liberal climate fostered by [[President Khatami]], who championed freedom of speech. The murders were found to be committed by a team of employees of the [[Iranian Ministry of Intelligence]], whose head, [[Saeed Emami]], allegedly committed suicide in jail before being brought to court.

Ebadi also represented the family of [[Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad]], who was killed in the [[Iran student protests, July 1999|Iranian student protests]] in July 1999. In 2000 Ebadi was accused of manipulating the videotaped confession of [[Amir Farshad Ebrahimi]], a former member of the [[Ansar-e Hezbollah]]. Ebrahimi confessed his involvement in attacks by the organization on the orders of high-level conservative authorities, including the killing of [[Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad]]  and attacks against members of President Khatami's cabinet. Ebadi claimed that she had only videotaped Amir Farshad Ebrahimi's confessions to present them to the court. This case was named "Tape makers" by hardliners who questioned the credibility of his videotaped deposition and his motives. Ebadi and another  lawyer, Rohami were sentenced to five years in jail and suspension of their law licenses for sending Ebrahimi's videotaped deposition to President Khatami and the head of the [[Judicial system of Iran|Islamic judiciary]]. The Islamic judiciary's supreme court later vacated the sentences, but they did not forgive Ebarahimi's videotaped confession and sentenced him to 48 months in jail, including 16 months in solitary confinement.<ref name="Nobel_Biography_Ebadi">{{cite web|title=Shirin Ebadi – Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2003/ebadi-bio.html|publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute |year=2003 |access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Nobel_Ebadi_facts">{{cite web|title=Shirin Ebadi – Facts|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2003/ebadi-facts.html|publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute |year=2003 |access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Nobel_Ebadi_other_resources">{{cite web|title=Shirin Ebadi – Other Resources|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2003/ebadi-or.html|publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute |year=2003 |access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref>  This case brought an increased focus on Iran from human rights groups abroad.

Ebadi has also defended various [[child abuse]] cases, including the case of Arian Golshani,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1998-01-28-1998028066-story.html|title=Girl's murder shames Iran Torture: She was as much a victim of Iran's child custody laws as of relatives who killed her.|first=Ann|last=LoLordo|website=baltimoresun.com|date=28 January 1998 |access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref> a child who was abused for years and then beaten to death by her father and stepbrother. This case gained international attention and caused controversy in Iran. Ebadi used this case to highlight Iran's problematic child custody laws, whereby custody of children in divorce is usually given to the father, even in the case of Arian, where her mother had told the court that the father was abusive and had begged for custody of her daughter. Ebadi also handled the case of Leila, a teenage girl who was gang-raped and murdered. Leila's family became homeless, trying to cover the costs of the execution of the perpetrators owed to the government because, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is the victim's family's responsibility to pay to restore their honor when a girl is raped by paying the government to execute the perpetrator. Ebadi was not able to achieve victory in this case. Still, she brought international attention to this problematic law.<ref name="Ebadi, Shirin 2007">{{cite book|author=Shirin Ebadi|title=Iran Awakening: One Woman's Journey to Reclaim Her Life and Country|year=2007|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-8129-7528-4|editor=Azadeh Moaveni|pages=256}}</ref> Ebadi also handled a few cases dealing with bans of periodicals (including the cases of [[Habibollah Peyman]], [[Abbas Marufi]], and [[Faraj Sarkouhi]]). She has also established two non-governmental organizations in Iran with Western funding, the ''Society for Protecting the Rights of the Child'' (SPRC) (1994) and the [[Defenders of Human Rights Center]] (DHRC) in 2001.<ref name="BBC Profile_2009" /><ref name="Nobel_Biography_Ebadi" />

She also helped in the drafting of the original text of a law against [[physical abuse]] of children, which was passed by the [[Majlis of Iran|Iranian parliament]] in 2002. Female members of Parliament also asked Ebadi to draft a law explaining how a woman's right to divorce her husband is in line with Sharia (Islamic Law). Ebadi presented the bill before the government, but the male members made her leave without considering the bill, according to Ebadi's memoir.<ref name="Ebadi, Shirin 2007" />

== Political views ==
In her book ''Iran Awakening'', Ebadi explains her political/religious views on Islam, democracy and gender equality:
<blockquote>In the last 23 years, from the day I was stripped of my judgeship to the years of doing battle in the revolutionary courts of Tehran, I had repeated one refrain: an interpretation of Islam that is in harmony with equality and democracy is an authentic expression of faith. Not religion binds women, but the selective dictates of those who wish them cloistered. That belief and the conviction that change in Iran must come peacefully and from within has underpinned my work.<ref>Ebadi, Shirin, ''Iran Awakening: A Memoir of Revolution and Hope'', by Shirin Ebadi with Azadeh Moaveni, Random House, 2006, p. 204</ref></blockquote>

At the same time, Ebadi expresses a nationalist love of Iran and has criticized the policies and actions of Western countries. She opposed the pro-Western [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah]], initially supported the [[Iranian Revolution|Islamic Revolution]], and remembers the [[CIA]]'s [[1953 Iranian coup d'état|1953 overthrow]] of prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddeq]] with rage.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/nobel-laureate-ebadi-says-irans-revolutionary-process-is-irreversible-2023-02-03/ |title= Nobel laureate Ebadi says Iran's 'revolutionary process' is irreversible |date= 3 February 2023 |work= [[Reuters]]|last1= Hafezi |first1= Parisa }}</ref>

At a press conference shortly after the Peace Prize announcement, Ebadi explicitly rejected foreign interference in the country's affairs: "The fight for human rights is conducted in Iran by the Iranian people, and we are against any foreign intervention in Iran."<ref>''[[Washington Post]]'': "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21850-2003Oct13.html Nobels With a Message]", last retrieved on 12 October 2007</ref><ref>Working for Change: "[http://www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?itemid=15804 Eyes off the prize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110050322/http://www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?ItemID=15804 |date=10 November 2006 }}", last retrieved on 12 October 2007</ref>

Subsequently, Ebadi openly defended the Islamic regime's nuclear development program:
<blockquote>Aside from being economically justified, it has become a cause of national pride for an old nation with a glorious history. No Iranian government, regardless of its ideology or democratic credentials, would dare to stop the program.<ref>''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'': "[https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/sunnis-fear-us-missteps-will-bolster-tehrans-influence/2006/02/28/1141095740977.html?page=4 Sunnis fear US missteps will bolster Tehran's influence]", last retrieved on 12 October 2007</ref></blockquote>

However, in a 2012 interview, Ebadi stated:

<blockquote>The [Iranian] people want to stop enrichment, but the government doesn't listen. Iran is situated on a fault line, and people are scared of a [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster|Fukushima]] type of situation happening. We want peace, security, and economic welfare, and we cannot forgo all of our other rights for nuclear energy. The government claims it is not making a bomb. But I am not a member of the government, so I cannot speak to this directly. The fear is that if they do, [[Israel]] will be wiped out. If the Iranian people are able to topple the government, this could improve the situation. [In 2009] the people of Iran rose up and were badly suppressed. Right now, Iran is the country with the most journalists in prison. This is the price people are paying.<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/15/shirin-ebadi-interview-iran-s-voice-of-reason-on-nuke-talks.html Shirin Ebadi Interview: Iran’s Voice of Reason on Nuke Talks] ''[[Daily Beast]]''</ref></blockquote>

Concerning the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]], in 2010, Shirin Ebadi, was one of four  Peace Prize laureates supporting  legislation requiring  the [[University of California]]  to divest itself from any  companies providing technology to the [[Israel Defense Forces]], who (bill supporters declared) were engaged in  [[war crimes]]. (The legislation was supported by the Associated Students of the University of California).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caldivestfromapartheid.com/2010/04/28/statement-of-support-from-nobel-peace-laureates/|title=Statement of Support from Nobel Women Peace Laureates|date=28 April 2010|access-date=1 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502011710/http://www.caldivestfromapartheid.com/2010/04/28/statement-of-support-from-nobel-peace-laureates/|archive-date=2 May 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since the victory of [[Hassan Rouhani]] in the 2013 Iranian presidential election, Shirin Ebadi has expressed her worry about the growing human rights violations in her homeland. Ebadi, in her Dec. 2013 speech at Human Rights Day seminar at [[Leiden University]] angrily said: "I will shut up, but the problems of Iran will not be solved".<ref>{{YouTube|iirKRqU4Bw4}}</ref>

In April 2015, speaking  on the subject of the Western campaign against  the Sunni extremist group  [[ISIL (militant group)|ISIL]] in Syria and Iraq, Ebadi expressed  her desire that the Western world  spend money funding education and an end to corruption rather than fighting with guns and bombs. She reasoned that because the Islamic State stems from an ideology based on a "wrong interpretation of Islam", the physical force will not end ISIS because it will not end its beliefs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iranian Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Shirin Ebadi on Nuclear Deal, Islamic State, Women's Rights |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2015/4/28/iranian_nobel_peace_prize_laureate_shirin|website=Democracy Now!|access-date=7 November 2015}}</ref>

In 2018, in an interview with Bloomberg, Ebadi stated her belief that the Islamic Republic has reached a point of which it is now un-reformable. Ebadi called for a referendum on the Islamic Republic.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 April 2018|title=Iran's Nobel Laureate Is Done With Reform. She Wants Regime Change.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-04-05/shirin-ebadi-is-done-trying-to-reform-iran-she-wants-regime-change|access-date=19 January 2019|website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref>

== Nobel Peace Prize {{anchor|Nobel Peace Prize}} ==
On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for her efforts for democracy and human rights, especially for the rights of women and children.<ref name=N>
{{Cite web|website=NobelPrize.org|url=http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/2003/press.html|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2003|accessdate=12 October 2007}}</ref> The selection committee praised her as a "courageous person" who "has never heeded the threat to her own safety".<ref>[[bbc.co.uk]]: ''[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3181428.stm Nobel winner's plea to Iran]'', last retrieved on 12 October 2007</ref> Now she travels abroad lecturing in the West. She is against a policy of forced regime change.<ref name=speech />

The decision of the Nobel committee surprised some observers{{Who|date=May 2020}} worldwide. [[Pope John Paul II]] had been predicted to win the Peace Prize amid speculation that he was nearing death. The era in which her prize  was granted has been  called one  "when there still seemed a chance of something resembling a détente" between the U.S. and Iran (according to Associate Press).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-nobel-prize-narges-mohammadi-shirin-ebadi-4839c9fb79dc74d83851acb20849dade | title=Nobel Peace Prizes awarded to Iranian women 20 years apart trace tensions with the West |website=AP News |date=6 October 2023 |access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref>

She presented a book entitled ''Democracy, human rights, and Islam in modern Iran: Psychological, social and cultural perspectives'' to the Nobel Committee. The volume documents the historical and cultural basis of democracy and human rights from [[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus]] and [[Darius the Great|Darius]], 2,500 years ago to [[Mohammad Mossadeq]], the prime minister of modern Iran who [[Mohammad Mosaddegh#Election|nationalized the oil industry]]. In her acceptance speech, Ebadi criticized repression in Iran and insisted that Islam was compatible with democracy, human rights and freedom of opinion.<ref name=speech>{{cite book|title=The Missing Martyrs|author=Charles Kurzman|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=155–157}}</ref> In the same speech she also criticized [[US foreign policy]], particularly the [[War on terrorism]].<ref name=speech /> She was the first Iranian and the first Muslim woman to receive the prize.<ref name="BBC Profile_2009" />

Thousands greeted her at the airport when she returned from Paris after receiving the news that she had won the prize. The response to the Award in Iran was mixed—enthusiastic supporters greeted her at the airport upon her return, the conservative media underplayed it, and then-Iranian President Mohammad Khatami criticized it as political.<ref name="atimes_2003">{{cite news|author=Ramin Mostaghim|date=1 November 2003|title=Words of advice from peace laureate|publisher=Asia Times|location=Teheran|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/EK01Ak04.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040405220607/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/EK01Ak04.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=5 April 2004}}</ref><ref name="Ebadi, Shirin 2007" /> In Iran, officials of the Islamic Republic were either silent or critical of the selection of Ebadi, calling it a political act by a pro-Western institution and were also critical when Ebadi did not cover her hair at the Nobel award ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iran-press-service.com/articles_2003/Dec-2003/khatami_interview_121203.htm |title=Iranian Muslim Women Are Free To Wear Or Not The Hejab: Mohammad Khatami|author=Safa Haeri |agency=Iran Press Service |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

IRNA reported the Nobel committee's decision in few lines that the evening newspapers and the Iranian state media waited hours to report —and then only as the last item on the radio news update.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-press-service.com/articles_2003/Oct-2003/ebadi_wins_nobel_peace_101003.html |title=Iranians Celebrated With Joy Ebadi'S Nobel Peace Prize By Safa Haeri |publisher=Iran Press Service |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=28 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065951/http://www.iran-press-service.com/articles_2003/Oct-2003/ebadi_wins_nobel_peace_101003.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Reformist officials are said to have "generally welcomed the award", but "come under attack for doing so."<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3190536.stm |title=Khatami advice to Nobel laureate, October 14, 2003 |work=BBC News  |date=14 October 2003 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> Reformist president [[Mohammad Khatami]] did not officially congratulate Ms. Ebadi and stated that although the scientific Nobels are important, the Peace Prize is "not very important" and was awarded to Ebadi on the basis of "totally political criteria".<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk" />  Vice President [[Mohammad Ali Abtahi]], the only official to initially congratulate Ebadi, defended the president saying "abusing the President's words about Ms. Ebadi is tantamount to abusing the prize bestowed on her for political considerations".{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}

In 2009, Norway's Foreign Minister [[Jonas Gahr Støre]], published a statement reporting that Ebadi's Nobel Peace Prize had been confiscated by Iranian authorities and that "This [was] the first time a Nobel Peace Prize ha[d] been confiscated by national authorities."<ref name="reuters_Norway_Nobel_confiscated">{{cite news|date=27 November 2009|title=Norway says Iran confiscated Ebadi's Nobel|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSGEE5AP1X5|access-date=26 April 2009}}</ref> Iran denied the charges.<ref name="Iran Denies It Confiscated Ebadi's Nobel Medal">{{cite news|date=27 November 2009|title=Iran Denies It Confiscated Ebadi's Nobel Medal|work=The New York Times|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2009/11/27/world/international-uk-norway-iran-nobel.html|access-date=27 November 2009}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nobelpeacesummit.com/meet-the-laureates-shirin-ebadi-nobel-peace-prize-2003/ |title= Meet the Laureates: Shirin Ebadi, Nobel Peace Prize 2003 |publisher= World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates}}</ref>

== Post-Nobel prize ==
[[File:Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Shirin Ebadi (5413782624).jpg|thumb|UK Foreign Office Minister [[Alistair Burt]] meeting Ebadi in [[London]], 3 February 2011]]
Since receiving the Nobel Prize, Ebadi has lectured, taught and received awards in different countries, issued statements and defended people accused of political crimes in Iran. She has traveled to and spoken to audiences in India, the United States, and other countries; released her autobiography in an English translation. With five other Nobel laureates, she created the [[Nobel Women's Initiative]] to promote peace, justice, and equality for women.<ref name="Kinnear2011">{{cite book|author=Karen L. Kinnear|title=Women in Developing Countries: A Reference Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIjxVimxO_wC&pg=PA152|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-425-2|page=152}}</ref> In 2019, Ebadi called for a treaty to end violence against women, in support of Every Woman Coalition.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Activists campaign for treaty to end violence against women |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/activists-campaign-for-treaty-to-end-violence-against-women/2019/03/04/1f7be3d4-3ef1-11e9-85ad-779ef05fd9d8_story.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

=== Threats ===
In April 2008, she told [[Reuters]] news agency that [[Human rights in Iran|Iran's human rights record]] had regressed in the past two years<ref name="in.reuters.com">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-33055820080415 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109102731/http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-33055820080415 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 January 2009 |title=Iran to probe threats against Nobel laureate Ebadi |work=Reuters |date=15 April 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> and agreed to defend Baháʼís arrested in Iran in May 2008.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

In April 2008, Ebadi released a statement saying: "Threats against my life and security and those of my family, which began some time ago, have intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and to stop defending Iran's [[Persecution of Baháʼís|persecuted Baháʼí community]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7347047.stm |title= Top Iranian dissident threatened |work=BBC News  |date=14 April 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> In August 2008, the [[Islamic Republic News Agency|IRNA news agency]] published an article attacking Ebadi's links to the [[Baháʼí Faith]] and accused her of seeking support from the West. It also criticized Ebadi for defending homosexuals, appearing without the Islamic headscarf abroad, questioning Islamic punishments, and "defending [[CIA]] agents".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.www.mcgilltribune.com/media/storage/paper234/news/2008/12/02/News/Iranian.Press.Targets.Nobel.Prize.Winner.Ebadi-3564990.shtml |title=Iranian press targets Nobel Prize winner Ebadi |publisher=Media.www.mcgilltribune.com |access-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118204745/http://media.www.mcgilltribune.com/media/storage/paper234/news/2008/12/02/News/Iranian.Press.Targets.Nobel.Prize.Winner.Ebadi-3564990.shtml |archive-date=18 November 2009 }}</ref> It accused her daughter, Nargess Tavassolian, of conversion to the Baháʼí faith, a capital offense in the Islamic Republic. However Shirin Ebadi has denied it, saying, "I am proud to say that my family and I are Shiites,"<ref>{{Cite journal|date=8 August 2008|title=Ebadi denies state media report on daughter's conversion|url=https://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Middle-East/2008/Aug-08/77126-ebadi-denies-state-media-report-on-daughters-conversion.ashx|access-date=29 September 2020|journal=The Daily Star}}</ref>  Her daughter believes "the government wanted to scare my mother with this scenario." Ebadi believes the attacks are in retaliation for her agreeing to defend the families of the seven Baháʼís arrested in May.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-press-service.com/ips/articles-2008/august2008/by-attacking-mrs-shirin-ebadi-the-islamic-republic.shtml |title=By Attacking Mrs. Shirin Ebadi, The Islamic Republic Revives Stalinian Methods |author=Safa Haeri |publisher=Iran-press-service.com |date=9 August 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=19 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819193752/http://www.iran-press-service.com/ips/articles-2008/august2008/by-attacking-mrs-shirin-ebadi-the-islamic-republic.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In December 2008, Iranian police shut down the office of a human rights group led by her.<ref>{{cite news | title=Iran Shuts Down Nobel Winner's Rights Group | date=21 December 2008 | url = https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-12-21-voa14/339389.html | work=Voice of America | access-date =25 November 2011 }}</ref>  Another human rights group, Human Rights Watch, has said it was "extremely worried" about Ebadi's safety.,<ref name="BBCraid" /> and in December 2009 issued a statement demanding the Islamic  Republic "stop harassing" her.<ref name=harassing-hrw>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2009/12/10/iran-stop-harassing-shirin-ebadi |title=Iran: Stop Harassing Shirin Ebadi |date=10 December 2009 | publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=13 December 2023
}}</ref> Among many other complaints, the group accused the IRI of detaining "Ebadi's husband and sister for questioning and threatened them with losing their jobs and eventual arrest if Ebadi continues her human rights advocacy."<ref name=harassing-hrw/>

=== Seizure ===
Ebadi said while in London in late November 2009 that her Nobel Peace Prize medal and diploma had been taken from their bank box alongside her {{Lang|fr|[[Légion d'honneur]]|italic=no}} and a ring she had received from Germany's association of journalists.<ref name="Shirin Ebadi Nobel Peace Prize medal 'seized by Iran'" /> She said they had been taken by the Revolutionary Court approximately three weeks previously.<ref name="Shirin Ebadi Nobel Peace Prize medal 'seized by Iran'">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8382008.stm|title=Shirin Ebadi Nobel Peace Prize medal 'seized by Iran'|date=27 November 2009|access-date=27 November 2009|publisher=BBC }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abclive.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923032557/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/iran_shirin_ebadi_nobel_peace_medal_tax.html|url-status=dead|title=ABC Live India &#124; The Real Story Behind News|archive-date=23 September 2010|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/outrage-after-iran-seizes-nobel-medal-1.809617 |title=Outrage after Iran seizes Nobel medal |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation  |date=27 November 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> Ebadi also said her bank account was frozen by authorities.<ref name="Shirin Ebadi Nobel Peace Prize medal 'seized by Iran'" /><ref name="Iran confiscates Shirin Ebadi's Nobel Peace Prize">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/6669252/Iran-confiscates-Shirin-Ebadis-Nobel-Peace-Prize.html|title=Iran confiscates Shirin Ebadi's Nobel Peace Prize|date=27 November 2009|access-date=27 November 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK }}</ref><ref name="Ebadi defiant despite Iran assets seizure">{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/world/161265/iran-illegally-freezes-ebadi-assets-colleague|title=Ebadi defiant despite Iran assets seizure|date=27 November 2009|access-date=27 November 2009|work=[[Bangkok Post]]}}</ref> Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Jonas Gahr Støre]] expressed his "shock and disbelief" at the incident.<ref name="Shirin Ebadi Nobel Peace Prize medal 'seized by Iran'" /> The Iranian foreign ministry subsequently denied the confiscation, and also criticized Norway for interfering in Iran's affairs.<ref name="Iran denies it confiscated Ebadi's Nobel medal">{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE5AQ48Q20091127?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205095215/https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE5AQ48Q20091127?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 December 2020|title=Iran denies it confiscated Ebadi's Nobel medal|date=27 November 2009|access-date=27 November 2009|work=Reuters  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8383505.stm |title=Tehran denies seizing Shirin Ebadi's Nobel medal |work=BBC News  |date=27 November 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

=== Post-Nobel Prize timeline ===
{{prose|section|date=October 2021}}
[[File:Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg|thumb|right|Shirin Ebadi during a lecture – organized by [[University of Amsterdam]], 7 November 2011]]
* 2003 (November) – She declared that she would provide legal representation for the family of the murdered Canadian freelance photographer [[Zahra Kazemi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Middle East: Iran: A Nobel Advocate|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/15/world/world-briefing-middle-east-iran-a-nobel-advocate.html|access-date=15 January 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=14 June 2004}}</ref> The trial was halted in July 2004, prompting Ebadi and her team to leave the court in protest that their witnesses had not been heard.<ref>{{cite news|title= Iran Stops Trial in the Murder of a Journalist | first=Nazila |last= Fathi |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/19/world/iran-stops-trial-in-the-murder-of-a-journalist.html|access-date=15 January 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=19 July 2004}}</ref>
* 2004 (January) – During the [[World Social Forum]] in Bombay Ebadi, speaking at a small girls' school run by the NGO "Sahyog", proposed that 30 January (the day [[Mahatma Gandhi]] [[Assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|was assassinated]]) be observed as International Day of Non-Violence. This proposal was brought to her by school children in Paris by their Indian teacher Akshay Bakaya. Three years later, Sonia Gandhi and Archbishop Desmond Tutu relayed the idea at the Delhi [[Satyagraha]] Convention in January 2007, preferring however to propose Gandhi's birthday on 2 October. The [[UN General Assembly]] on 15 June 2007 adopted 2 October as the [[International Day of Non-Violence]].
* 2004 – Ebadi was listed by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine as one of the "100 most powerful women in the world".<ref>{{cite web|date=30 July 2012|title=Forbes.com: Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women in the World 2004|url=https://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/11/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=11&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=POPA&datatype=Person|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730133811/http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/11/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=11&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=POPA&datatype=Person|archive-date=30 July 2012|access-date=19 January 2019|website=archive.is}}</ref> She is also included in a published list of the "100 most influential women of all time".<ref>{{cite book|author=Britannica Educational Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gVvaAUcnq0C&pg=PA330|title=The 100 Most Influential Women of All Time|year= 2009|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-61530-058-7|pages=330–331|access-date=15 January 2012}}</ref>
* 2005 Spring – Ebadi taught a course on "Islam and [[Human Rights]]" at the [[University of Arizona]]'s [[James E. Rogers College of Law]] in [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]], Arizona.
* 2005  (12 May) – Ebadi delivered an address on Senior Class Day at [[Vanderbilt University]], Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt Chancellor [[Gordon Gee]] presented Ebadi with the Chancellor's Medal for her human rights work.<ref>{{cite web|author=Emily Pearce |url= https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2005/03/iranian-nobel-peace-prize-winner-to-speak-at-vanderbilts-senior-day-59394 |title= Iranian Nobel Peace Prize winner to speak at Vanderbilt's Senior Day |publisher=Vanderbilt News |date=15 March 2005 |access-date=10 January 2012}}</ref>
* 2005 – Ebadi was voted the world's 12th leading public intellectual in ''The 2005 Global Intellectuals Poll'' by ''[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]]'' (UK).
* 2006 – [[Random House]] released her first book for a Western audience, ''Iran Awakening: A Memoir of Revolution and Hope'', with [[Azadeh Moaveni]]. A reading of the book was serialized as [[BBC Radio 4]]'s ''[[Book of the Week]]'' in September 2006. American novelist [[David Ebershoff]] was the book's editor.
* 2006 – Ebadi was one of the founders of The [[Nobel Women's Initiative]] along with sister Nobel Peace laureates [[Betty Williams (Nobel laureate)|Betty Williams]], [[Mairead Corrigan Maguire]], [[Wangari Maathai]], [[Jody Williams]] and [[Rigoberta Menchú Tum]]. Six women representing North America and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa decided to bring together their experiences in a united effort for peace with justice and equality. The Nobel Women's Initiative aims to help strengthen work being done in support of [[women's rights]] worldwide.<ref>[https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org] Nobel Women's Initiative</ref>
* 2007 (17 May) – Ebadi announced that she would defend the Iranian American scholar [[Haleh Esfandiari]], who is jailed in Tehran.<ref>{{cite web|author=U.S. News Staff |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/blogs/news_blog/070517/irans_illegal_jailing_of_an_am.htm |title=News Desk – Politics & Policy |publisher=usnews.com |date=17 May 2007 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>
* 2008 (March) – Ebadi tells Reuters news agency that Iran's human rights record had regressed in the past two years.<ref name="in.reuters.com" />
* 2008  (14 April) – Ebadi released a statement saying, "Threats against my life and security and those of my family, which began some time ago, have intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and against defending Iran's [[Persecution of Baháʼís|persecuted Baháʼí community]].<ref name="ReferenceA" />
* 2008 (June) – Ebadi volunteered to be the lawyer for the arrested Baháʼí leadership of Iran in June.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Local Baháʼís worry about their fellow believers in Iran | publisher = The Chatham News | date = 24 February 2009 | url = http://www.chathamdailynews.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1447519 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090703205239/http://www.chathamdailynews.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1447519 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 3 July 2009 | access-date = 2 March 2009 }}</ref>
* 2008  (7 August) – Ebadi announced<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bahairights.org/2008/08/07/in-court-i-will-defend-the-bahais/ |title=In court I will defend the Baháʼís |publisher=Bahairights.org |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> ''via'' the [[Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights]] that she would defend in court the seven Baháʼí leaders arrested in the spring.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/05/16/iran.bahais/ |publisher=CNN | title=Iran's arrest of Baha'is condemned | date=16 May 2008 | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref>
* 2008  (1 September) – Ebadi published her book ''Refugee Rights in Iran'' exposing the lack of rights given to [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] refugees living in [[Iran]].
* 2008  (21 December) – Ebadi's office of the Center for the Defense of Human Rights was raided and closed.<ref name="hrr2008i">{{cite web | url =https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119115.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090226175750/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119115.htm | url-status =dead | archive-date =26 February 2009 | title = 2008 Human Rights Report: Iran| date = 25 February 2009 | access-date =1 March 2009 | author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor | publisher=United States State Department}}</ref>
* 2008  (29 December) – Islamic authorities close Ebadi's Center for Defenders of Human Rights, raiding her private office, seizing her computers and files.<ref name="MOAVENI">{{cite news|last=Moaveni |first=Azadeh |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123120656371156129 |title=Iran's Nobel Laureate Has Become a Target of the Regime. Azadeh MOAVENI. JANUARY 6, 2009 |work=The Wall Street Journal  |date=6 January 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> Worldwide condemnation of raid.<ref name="BBCraid">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7806195.stm |title=Iranian raid on Ebadi condemned |work=BBC News  |date=31 December 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="hrr2008i" />
* 2009  (1 January) – Pro-regime "demonstrators" attack Ebadi's home and office.<ref name="MOAVENI" />
* 2009  (12 June) – Ebadi was at a seminar in Spain at the time of [[Iranian presidential election, 2009|Iranian presidential election]]. "[W]hen the crackdown began colleagues told her not to come home" and as of October 2009 she has not returned to Iran.<ref name="fletcher">Martin Fletcher (24 September 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091103071110/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6846763.ece "Britain is appeasing Iran, Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi says"]. ''The Times'' (UK)</ref>
* 2009  (16 June) – In the midst of [[2009 Iranian election protests|nationwide protests]] against the very surprising and highly suspect [[Iranian presidential election, 2009|election]] results giving incumbent [[President of Iran|President]] [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] a landslide victory, Ebadi calls for new elections in an interview with [[Radio Free Europe]].<ref>[https://www.rferl.org/content/feature/1755897.html Iranian Nobel Peace Prize-Winner Ebadi Calls For New Elections] 16 June 2009</ref>
* 2009  (24 September) – Touring abroad to lobby international leaders and highlight the Islamic regime's human rights abuses since June, Ebadi criticizes the British government for putting talks on the Islamic regime's nuclear program ahead of protesting its brutal suppression of opposition. Noting the British Ambassador attended President Ahmadinejad's inauguration, she said, "`That's when I felt that human rights were being neglected. ... Undemocratic countries are more dangerous than a nuclear bomb. It's undemocratic countries that jeopardize international peace.`" She calls for "the downgrading of Western embassies, the withdrawal of ambassadors and the freezing of the assets of Iran's leaders."<ref name="fletcher" />
* 2009 (November) – The Iranian authorities seize Ebadi's Nobel medal together with other belongings from her safe-deposit box.<ref name=ap1>[http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/S/SHIRIN_EBADI_NOBEL_SEIZED?SITE=AZMES&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT Iran tells Norway to stay out of Nobel medal row]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Associated Press]] 26 November 2009</ref>
* 2009  (29 December) – Ebadi's sister Noushin Ebadi was detained apparently to silence Ebadi who is abroad.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/12/28/iran.ebadi.sister/index.html |publisher=CNN |title= Iran detains Nobel laureate's sister |date=29 December 2009 |access-date=29 December 2009}}</ref>  "She was neither politically active nor had a role in any rally. It's necessary to point out that in the past two months she had been summoned several times to the Intelligence Ministry, who told her to persuade me to give up my human rights activities. I have been arrested solely because of my activities in human rights," Ebadi said.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5hq--xvG_d0KxKFwGmH2qdlTjxh6A|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228115257/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5hq--xvG_d0KxKFwGmH2qdlTjxh6A|url-status=dead|title=Shirin Ebadi statement|archivedate=28 December 2009|accessdate=6 April 2023}}</ref>
* 2010 (June) – Ebadi's husband denounced her on state television. According to Ebadi this was a coerced confession after his arrest and torture.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/06/opinion/sunday/tricked-into-cheating-and-sentenced-to-death.html|title=Opinion – Tricked Into Cheating and Sentenced to Death|first=Shirin|last=Ebadi|newspaper=The New York Times|date=3 March 2016|access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref>
* 2012 (26 January) — in a statement released by the [[International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran]], Ebadi called on "all freedom-loving people across the globe" to work for the release of three opposition leaders — [[Zahra Rahnavard]], [[Mir Hossein Mousavi]], and [[Mehdi Karroubi]] — who have been confined to house arrest for nearly a year.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle-east/nobel-laureate-calls-for-freedom-for-3-iranian-opposition-leaders-after-year-of-house-arrest/2012/01/26/gIQAyuiTTQ_story.html Nobel laureate calls for freedom for 3 Iranian opposition leaders after a year of house arrest]{{dead link|date=June 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}| Associated Press| 26 January 2012</ref>

== Lawsuits ==
=== Lawsuit against the United States ===
In 2004, Ebadi filed a lawsuit against the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Department of Treasury]] because of restrictions she faced over publishing her memoir in the United States. American trade laws prohibit writers from [[Rogue state#Usage by the United States|embargoed countries]]. The law also banned American literary agent Wendy Strothman from working with Ebadi. [[Azar Nafisi]] wrote a letter in support of Ebadi. Nafisi said that the law infringes on the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]].<ref>{{cite web|author=All Things Considered |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4204087 |title=Iranian Nobel Winner Suing U.S. over Memoir |publisher=NPR |date=5 December 2004 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> After a lengthy legal battle, Ebadi won and was able to publish her memoir in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|author=All Things Considered |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4235765 |title=Ebadi Wins Round with U.S. over Memoirs |publisher=NPR |date=19 December 2004 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

== Other activities ==
* [[Ruchira Gupta|Apne Aap Women Worldwide]], Co-Chair of the International Advisory Board<ref>[https://apneaap.org/about-us/our-board/ International Advisory Board] [[Ruchira Gupta|Apne Aap Women Worldwide]].</ref>
* [[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity|Aurora Prize]], Member of the Selection Committee (since 2015)<ref>[https://auroraprize.com/en/aurora-prize/2018/selection_committee Selection Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909115146/https://auroraprize.com/en/aurora-prize/2018/selection_committee |date=9 September 2018 }} [[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity|Aurora Prize]].</ref>
* [[Business for Peace Foundation|Business for Peace Award Committee]], Member (2009)
* [[Reporters Without Borders]] (RWB), Member of the Emeritus Board<ref>[https://rsf.org/en/emeritus-board Emeritus Board] [[Reporters Without Borders]] (RWB).</ref>
* [[Scholars at Risk]] (SAR), Member of the Ambassadors Council<ref>[https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/board/ Ambassadors Council] [[Scholars at Risk]] (SAR).</ref>
* [[Nuremberg International Human Rights Award]], Member of the Jury (2004–2020)<ref>[https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte_e/jury_en.html Jury] [[Nuremberg International Human Rights Award]].</ref>

== Recognition ==
=== Awards ===
* Awarded plate by [[Human Rights Watch]], 1996
* Official spectator of Human Rights Watch, 1996
* Awarded [[Rafto Prize]], Human Rights Prize in Norway, 2001
* Nobel Peace Prize in October 2003
* [[Women's eNews]] 21 Leaders for the 21st Century Award, 2004
* International Democracy Award, 2004
* James Parks Morton Interfaith Award from the [[Interfaith Center of New York]], 2004
* ‘Lawyer of the Year’ award, 2004
* [[University of California, Irvine|UCI]] Citizen Peacebuilding Award, 2005
* The Golden Plate Award by the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]], 2005<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref>
* [[Légion d'honneur|Legion of Honor award]], 2006
* [[Toleranzpreis der Evangelischen Akademie Tutzing]], 2008
* Award for the Global Defence of Human Rights, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723170028/http://www.internationalservice.org.uk/what_we_do/development_awareness/human_rights_awards/awards_2009/dr_shirin_ebadi.aspx International Service Human Rights Award], 2009
* Wolfgang Friedmann Memorial Award, [[Columbia Journal of Transnational Law]], 2013

=== Honorary degrees ===
* Doctor of Laws, [[Williams College]], 2004<ref>[[Williams College]]: ''[http://www.williams.edu/home/commencement/2004/ebadi_cit.php Honorary Degree Citation 2004] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203123529/http://www.williams.edu/home/commencement/2004/ebadi_cit.php |date=3 December 2008 }}'', last retrieved on 5 May 2008</ref>
* Doctor of Laws, [[Brown University]], 2004
* Doctor of Laws, [[University of British Columbia]], 2004
* Honorary doctorate, [[University of Maryland, College Park]], 2004
* Honorary doctorate, [[University of Toronto]], 2004
* Honorary doctorate, [[Simon Fraser University]], 2004
* Honorary doctorate, [[University of Akureyri]], 2004
* Honorary doctorate, [[Australian Catholic University]], 2005
* Honorary doctorate, [[University of San Francisco]], 2005
* Honorary doctorate, [[Concordia University (Montreal)|Concordia University]], 2005
* Honorary doctorate, [[York University|The University of York, The University of Canada]], 2005
* Honorary doctorate, [[Jean Moulin University Lyon 3|Université Jean Moulin in Lyon]], 2005
* Honorary doctorate, [[Loyola University Chicago]], 2007
* Honorary Doctorate [[The New School University]], 2007
* Honorary Doctor of Laws, [[Marquette University]], 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marquette.edu/research/honors_ebadi.shtml |title=University Honors: Shirin Ebadi |publisher=Marquette University |access-date=10 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103085348/http://www.marquette.edu//research/honors_ebadi.shtml |archive-date=3 November 2009 }}</ref>
* Honorary Doctor of Law, [[University of Cambridge]], 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridgenetwork.co.uk/news/|title=News|website=Cambridge Network|access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate, [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] (SOAS) University of London, 2012
* Honorary Doctor of Laws, [[Law Society of Upper Canada]], 2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel laureate receives honorary doctorate from Law Society |url=http://www.lsuc.on.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2147487963 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519030527/http://www.lsuc.on.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2147487963 |archive-date=2016-05-19 |access-date=2022-10-18}}</ref>

== Books published ==
* ''[[Iran Awakening]]: One Woman's Journey to Reclaim Her Life and Country'' (2007) {{ISBN|978-0-676-97802-5}}
* ''Refugee Rights in Iran'' (2008) {{ISBN|978-0-86356-678-3}}
* ''[[The Golden Cage (memoir)|The Golden Cage: Three brothers, Three choices, One destiny]]'' (2011) {{ISBN|978-0-9798456-4-2}}
* ''[[Until We Are Free (book)|Until We Are Free]]'' (2016) {{ISBN|978-0812998870}}

== See also ==
* [[Iranian women]]
* [[List of famous Persian women]]
* [[List of peace activists]]
* [[Intellectual movements in Iran]]
* [[Persian women's movement]]
* [[Islamic feminism]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Kim |first1=U. |last2=Aasen |first2=H. S. |last3=Ebadi |first3=S. |name-list-style=amp |title=Democracy, human rights, and Islam in modern Iran: Psychological, social and cultural perspectives |year=2003 |publisher=Fagbokforlaget |location=Bergen |isbn=  978-82-7674-922-9  }}
* Monshipouri, M. (2009). ''"''Shirin Ebadi" in ''Encyclopedia of human rights''. Volume 2. David Forsythe (Ed.). Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-533402-9}}
* {{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= 2011 |title= Dr Shirin Ebadi |url= |journal= Middle East Studies |volume= 1 |issue= 427 |pages= 27–30 |issn= 0305-0734 |access-date=}}
* {{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Shirin Ebadi. |url= |magazine= TIME Magazine |location= Iran |publisher= |issn= 0040-781X |date= 2016-03-28 |access-date=}}
* {{cite journal |last=Iftikhar |first=Ahmad |date=2004 |title=Shirin Ebadi: A Muslim Woman Nobel Peace Laureate |url= |journal=Social Education |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=260–263 |issn=0037-7724 |access-date=}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Shirin Ebadi}}
* {{Nobelprize}}
* [https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/shirin-ebadi/ Shirin Ebadi's biography], [[Iowa State University]]
* [https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iran/ebadi.html Interview With Iranian Nobel Prize Winner: Shirin Ebadi]. [[PBS]]
* [https://law.yale.edu/centers-workshops/gruber-program-global-justice-and-womens-rights/gruber-lectures/dr-shirin-ebadi Gruber Distinguished Lecture in Global Justice: Dr. Shirin Ebadi], [[Yale Law School]]
* [https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/ Nobel Women's Initiative]
* [https://www.writespirit.net/inspirational_talks/humanitarian_talks/talks_shirin_ebadi/ Quotes from Shirin Ebadi Speeches]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001002050/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1191820-1,00.html TIME.com: 10 Questions for Shirin Ebadi]
* [http://www.cri-irc.org/v4/publications/9-une-femme-un-pays/22-shirin-ebadi-avocate-pour-les-droits-de-lhomme-en-iran.html Shirin Ebadi, avocate pour les droits de l'homme en Iran] Jean Albert, Ludivine Tomasso and edited by Jacqueline Duband, Emilie Dessens
;Press interviews
* [https://www.euronews.com/2013/06/12/iranian-elections-nobel-peace-prize-winner-shirin-ebadi-talks-to-euronews/ ''Iranian elections – Nobel Peace Prize winner Shirin Ebadi talks''] to [[Euronews]] 2013 June 12
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jun/13/shirinebadi.iran David Batty in conversation with Shirin Ebadi], ''"If you want to help Iran, don't attack"'', The Guardian, 13 June 2008
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003231909/http://www.asiasource.org/news/special_reports/ebadi.cfm Nermeen Shaikh, ''AsiaSource Interview with Shirin Ebadi'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090329061018/http://www.msmagazine.com/winter2007/iransquietrevolution.asp "Iran's Quiet Revolution"] Winter 2007 article from [http://www.msmagazine.com''Ms.'' magazine] about activism and feminism in Iran.
;Video
* [http://asiasociety.org/video/policy-politics/shirin-ebadi-what-comes-next-iran Video: Shirin Ebadi on 'What's Ahead for Iran'], Asia Society, New York, 3 March 2010
* [https://www.democracynow.org/2010/3/8/iranian_nobel_peace_prize_winner_shirin Shirin Ebadi Presses Iran on Human Rights and Warns Against International Sanctions] – video by ''[[Democracy Now!]]''
* {{C-SPAN|1008588}}
;Pictures
* [http://www.parstimes.com/gallery/shirin_ebadi/ Picture Gallery]

{{Nobel Peace Prize laureates}}
{{2003 Nobel Prize winners}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ebadi, Shirin}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Iranian democracy activists]]
[[Category:Iranian dissidents]]
[[Category:Iranian human rights activists]]
[[Category:Iranian women activists]]
[[Category:Iranian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Iranian exiles]]
[[Category:Children's rights activists]]
[[Category:Iranian feminists]]
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Iranian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Tehran]]
[[Category:University of Tehran alumni]]
[[Category:People from Hamadan]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Iranian women lawyers]]
[[Category:Iranian women judges]]
[[Category:Pacifist feminists]]
[[Category:Women Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Iranian women writers]]
[[Category:Iranian writers]]
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs]]
[[Category:Members of the National Council for Peace]]
[[Category:First women judges]]