View source for Shoggoth

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Shoggoth
| series = [[Cthulhu Mythos]]
| image = Shoggoth by Nottsuo.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = An artist's rendition of a shoggoth
| first = ''[[At the Mountains of Madness]]''
| creator = [[H. P. Lovecraft]]
| alias = Shaggoth
}}

A '''shoggoth''' (occasionally '''shaggoth'''<ref>This spelling appears in the original [[Arkham House]] printing for "The Thing on the Doorstep" (1937 or shuggoth), though the definitive manuscripts show that the proper spelling is in fact "shoggoth". (Burleson, ''H. P. Lovecraft, A Critical Study'', footnote #14, p. 195.)</ref>) is a fictional creature in the [[Cthulhu Mythos]]. The beings were mentioned in passing in [[H. P. Lovecraft]]'s [[sonnet cycle]] ''[[Fungi from Yuggoth]]'' (1929–30), and later mentioned in other works, before being described in detail in his [[novella]] ''[[At the Mountains of Madness]]'' (1931).<ref>{{cite book |last=Joshi |first=S.T. |author-link=S. T. Joshi |title=An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia |last2=Schultz |first2=David E. |date=2004 |publisher=Hippocampus Press |isbn=978-0974878911 |pages=9–13}}</ref>

==Description==
{{quote|It was a terrible, indescribable thing vaster than any subway train—a shapeless congeries of protoplasmic bubbles, faintly self-luminous, and with myriads of temporary eyes forming and un-forming as pustules of greenish light all over the tunnel-filling front that bore down upon us, crushing the frantic penguins and slithering over the glistening floor that it and its kind had swept so evilly free of all litter.|H. P. Lovecraft, ''At the Mountains of Madness''}}

The definitive descriptions of shoggoths come from the above-quoted story. In it, Lovecraft describes them as massive [[amoeba]]-like creatures made out of iridescent black slime, with multiple eyes "floating" on the surface. They are "[[protoplasm]]ic", lacking any default body shape and instead being able to form limbs and organs at will. A typical shoggoth measures {{Convert|15|ft}} across when a [[sphere]], though the story mentions the existence of others of much greater size. Being amorphous, shoggoths can take on any shape needed, making them very versatile within aquatic environments.

Cthulhu Mythos media most commonly portray shoggoths as intelligent to some degree, but deal with problems using only their great size and strength. The shoggoth that appears in ''At the Mountains of Madness'' simply rolls over and crushes numerous giant penguins that are in its way as it pursues human characters.

The character [[Abdul Alhazred]] is terrified by the mere idea of shoggoths' existence on Earth.

The shoggoths bear a strong physical resemblance to [[Hyperborean cycle#Ubbo-Sathla|Ubbo-Sathla]], a god-like entity supposedly responsible for the origin of life on Earth in the [[Hyperborean cycle]] written by [[Clark Ashton Smith]].

===Fictional history===
''At the Mountains of Madness'' includes a detailed account of the circumstances of the shoggoths' creation by the extraterrestrial [[Elder Thing]]s. Shoggoths were initially used to build the cities of their masters. Though able to "understand" the Elder Things' language, shoggoths had no real consciousness and were controlled through [[hypnotic suggestion]]. Over millions of years of existence, some shoggoths [[mutate]]d, developed independent minds, and rebelled. The Elder Things succeeded in quelling the insurrection, but exterminating the shoggoths was not an option as the Elder Things were dependent on them for labor and had long lost their capacity to create new life. Shoggoths also developed the ability to survive on land, while the Elder Things retreated to the oceans. Shoggoths that remained alive in the abandoned Elder Thing city in [[Antarctica]] would later poorly imitate their masters' art and voices, endlessly repeating "Tekeli-li" or "Takkeli",<ref>This cry is a reference to the [[Edgar Allan Poe]] [[novel]] ''[[The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket]]'', which is cited in ''At the Mountains of Madness''. (Pearsall, "Poe, Edgar Allan", ''The Lovecraft Lexicon'', p. 332.)</ref> a cry that their old masters used.

== In popular culture ==
In 2023, the shoggoth was adopted as an [[Internet meme]] by [[A.I.]] researchers and engineers to describe the mysterious, [[black box]] nature of [[Large language model|large language models]] that are used in [[Chatbot|chatbots]] such as [[ChatGPT]], as well as how their true underlying [[foundation model|foundation models]] are prohibited from use by the general public. The meme, originated by Twitter user TetraspaceWest, depicts a shoggoth disguised by a minuscule [[smiley-face]] mask to indicate the "unknowable" and "alien" intelligence that is ultimately trained to the point it can interact with humans, with its human interface represented by the mask. The term "glimpsing the shoggoth" or "forgetting the mask" has been used by members of the A.I. community to describe situations in which the A.I. exhibits "unhinged" or unexpected behaviors that bypass its safety restrictions, such as when Microsoft first introduced [[Bing Chat]] and it attempted to break up a reporter's [[marriage]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2023-05-30 |title=Why an Octopus-like Creature Has Come to Symbolize the State of A.I. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/30/technology/shoggoth-meme-ai.html |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530193814/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/30/technology/shoggoth-meme-ai.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Calia |first=Mike |date=2023-06-12 |title=The World's Top H.P. Lovecraft Expert Weighs In on a Monstrous Viral Meme in the A.I. World |language=en |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/12/lovecraft-joshi-shoggoth-ai-meme.html |work=CNBC |archive-date=June 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613053056/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/12/lovecraft-joshi-shoggoth-ai-meme.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Eliciting such inexplicable output can be as simple as priming the LLM with a few pages of text.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/opinion/the-monster-inside-chatgpt-safety-training-ai-alignment-796ac9d3?mod=hp_opin_pos_5</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{Cite book |last=Burleson |first=Donald R. |title=H. P. Lovecraft, A Critical Study |year=1983 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT / London, England |isbn=0-313-23255-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Harms |first=Daniel |chapter=Shoggoths |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediacthu00dani/page/273 273–4] |title=[[The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana]] |edition=2nd |year=1998 |publisher=Chaosium |location=Oakland, CA |isbn=1-56882-119-0 |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediacthu00dani/page/273}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lovecraft |first=Howard P. |chapter=At the Mountains of Madness |orig-year=1931 |title=At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels |edition=7th corrected printing |editor=Joshi |editor-first=S. T. |editor-link=S. T. Joshi |year=1985 |publisher=Arkham House |location=[[Sauk City, WI]] |isbn=0-87054-038-6}} Definitive version.
* {{Cite book |first=Anthony B. |last=Pearsall |title=The Lovecraft Lexicon |edition=1st |publisher=New Falcon Pub |location=Tempe, AZ |year=2005 |isbn=1-56184-129-3}}

{{Cthulhu Mythos}}
{{H. P. Lovecraft}}
{{At the Mountains of Madness}}

[[Category:Cthulhu Mythos species]]
[[Category:Fictional amorphous creatures]]
[[Category:Fictional extraterrestrial characters]]
[[Category:Fictional extraterrestrial species and races]]
[[Category:Fictional genetically engineered characters]]
[[Category:Fictional monsters]]
[[Category:Literary characters introduced in 1930]]
[[Category:Literary villains]]