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{{short description|Combat sport and mixed martial art promotion developed in Japan}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{About|a martial arts organization|the [[baseball]] pitch|Shuuto|shutō|Knifehand strike}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Shooto
| native_name = 修斗
| native_name_lang = ja
| former_name = Shin-kakutōgi
| logo = Shooto.png
| logo_size = 180px
| type = Private
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1985||}}
| founder = [[Satoru Sayama|Sayama Satoru]]
| industry = [[Mixed martial arts]]
| parent =
| predecessor = [[Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan)|Universal Wrestling Federation]] 
| location_city =
| location_country = [[Japan]]
| key_people =
| defunct =
| website = {{URL|http://www.shooto-mma.com/}}
}}
{{Infobox martial art
| name = Shooto ({{nihongo2|修斗}})
| focus = [[Hybrid martial arts|Hybrid]]
| country = [[Japan]]
| creator = [[Satoru Sayama]]
| famous_pract = {{ubl|[[Satoru Sayama]]|[[Yuki Nakai]]|[[Rumina Sato]]|[[Takanori Gomi]]|[[Erik Paulson]]|[[Dave Menne]]|[[Jake Shields]]|[[Shinya Aoki]]}}
| hardness = [[Full-contact]]
| descendant arts = [[Mixed Martial Arts]], [[Seikendo]]
| ancestor arts = [[Shoot wrestling]], [[Catch wrestling]], [[Boxing]], [[Kickboxing]], [[Full contact karate]], [[Muay Thai]], [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], [[Judo]]
}}

{{nihongo|'''Shooto'''|修斗|shūto|lead=yes}} is a [[combat sport]] and [[mixed martial arts]] organization that is governed by the Shooto Association and the International Shooto Commission (ISC). Shooto was originally formed in 1985, first as a particular fighting system and then in 1989 as a [[mixed martial arts]] [[Promoter (entertainment)|promotion]]. It is considered one of the first true [[mixed martial arts]] competitions, with its [[Vale Tudo Japan]] events being essential to the rise of [[Pride Fighting Championships]] and the development of modern MMA. Many Japanese MMA fighters had their start at Shooto and the organization still holds both professional and amateur tournaments.

As a fighting system, Shooto is considered a [[Hybrid martial arts|hybrid martial art]] derived from [[shoot wrestling]]. It is focused on all aspects of fighting: [[Strike (attack)|striking]], [[Grappling|stand-up grappling]] and [[ground fighting]]. Practitioners are referred to as ''shooters'' or ''shootists''. Shooto rules have evolved with time and differ depending on the class; Class C and D are amateur and have more restricted rules more similar to their first events, while professional classes are now true [[mixed martial arts]] competitions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=『修斗とは』日本修斗協会公認サイト {{!}} PRO SHOOTO MMA JAPAN - 修斗 - サステイン|url=http://www.shooto-mma.com/about/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=www.shooto-mma.com}}</ref> Shooto weight classes are different from those of the United States [[Association of Boxing Commissions]], which are used by most MMA promotions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shooto|url=http://www.fullcontactmartialarts.org/shooto.html|access-date=8 May 2020|website=Full Contact Martial Arts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shooto Brazil adopts new weight classes, will crown super lightweight champion|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2017/11/21/16685648/shooto-brazil-adopts-new-weight-classes-crown-super-lightweight-champion|access-date=18 May 2020|website=MMAFighting.com|date=21 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shooto Brasil|url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/promotions/389-shooto-brasil-sb|access-date=18 May 2020|website=Tapology}}</ref>

Although modern Shooto is indistinguishable from MMA, in Japan promoters, fighters and fans still see it as its own standalone combat sport, while outside of Japan it is mostly seen as a system of MMA promotions, organizing events from amateur grassroots to professional levels.<ref name="A Blood" />

{{TOClimit|limit=3}}

==Etymology==
The Japanese word "shooto" is derived from the English word "[[Shoot wrestling|shoot]]". Although the word is of foreign origin, it is not written in [[katakana]], but rather as an [[ateji]]: {{nihongo2|[[wikt:修|修]][[wikt:斗|斗]]}}. Its first kanji means "to practice or train in", and the second kanji is an alternative form of {{nihongo2|[[wikt:戦|戦]]}} in the word {{Nihongo||戦い|tatakai|meaning "battle" or "war"}}.

==History==
===Founding===
Shooto was established as {{nihongo|"New Martial Arts"|新格闘技|Shin-kakutōgi}} in 1985 by [[Satoru Sayama]] (the original [[Tiger Mask (professional wrestling)|Tiger Mask]]), a Japanese [[professional wrestler]] trained in [[shoot wrestling]], who wished to create a sport that revolved around a realistic and effective fighting system.<ref name=change/><ref name=blood1/> Sayama was influenced by his former teacher, legendary pro wrestler [[Antonio Inoki]], who was known for his more realistic style of pro wrestling known as "Strong Style", which mixed various styles of striking martial arts (such as [[karate]]) with [[catch wrestling]] submission grappling, taught by [[Karl Gotch]]. This style eventually evolved into the more developed "[[Shoot wrestling|shoot-style wrestling]]", which was also further influenced by more martial arts such as [[kickboxing]], [[muay thai]], [[judo]] and [[Sambo (martial art)|sambo]].<ref name="usashooto.com" /> It became very popular in the Japanese professional wrestling circuit, and Sayama would use it as a basis for his new martial art.<ref name="change" /><ref name="blood1" /> He also founded his own school named the "Super Tiger Gym" for training and development of this new martial art.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shooto|url=https://www.jkd.gr/shootwrestling.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.jkd.gr}}</ref> After its establishment, New Martial Arts was renamed "Shooting" which came from "[[Shoot (professional wrestling)|shoot]]", a term of professional wrestling meaning a legitimate contest as opposed to a worked match, but this changed to "Shooto" to avoid confusion with [[shooting sports]]. Compared with the other professional wrestling organizations of the time, such as the [[New Japan Pro-Wrestling]] and the [[Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan)|Universal Wrestling Federation]], Shooto was aimed at having no predetermined results. The first amateur event was held in 1986 and the first professional event in 1989.<ref name="change" /><ref name="blood1">{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/1/a-blood-called-shooto-17377|title=A Blood Called Shooto|last=Breen|first=Jordan|date=2009-05-08|publisher=Sherdog.com|access-date=2009-05-13}}</ref><ref name="usashooto.com">{{Cite web |title=History - USA Shooto Association |url=http://www.usashooto.com/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130134631/http://www.usashooto.com/history |archive-date=30 January 2022 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=USA Shooto Association}}</ref> Due the origins in the shoot-style circuit, Shooto is considered part of the "[[U-Kei (martial arts)|U-Kei]]" system.
[[File:Yukinakai-gordeau.jpg|thumb|Shootist [[Yuki Nakai]] (''bottom'') attempts a [[Heel Hook]] at [[Gerard Gordeau]] (''top'') at [[Vale Tudo Japan|''Vale Tudo Japan Open 1995'']].]]

===Vale Tudo Japan===
The Shooto organization hosted the [[Vale Tudo Japan]] tournament in the summer of 1994. The objective was to create a more rules-free event similar to the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] in the United States and [[Vale Tudo]] in Brazil. The star of the first events was [[Rickson Gracie]], older brother of three-time UFC champion [[Royce Gracie]]. Vale Tudo Japan was a smashing success, leading to the popularization of MMA around Japan, and its format and rules were used as a basis for [[Pride Fighting Championships]], which would become the world's largest MMA promotion, which many Shootist would join it. Vale Tudo Japan events were held annually from 1994 to 1999. In May 2009, it was announced that Vale Tudo Japan would return for the first time in ten years on 30 October 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=The Resurrection of Vale Tudo Japan |url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/The-Resurrection-of-Vale-Tudo-Japan-20600 |access-date=2022-01-30 |website=Sherdog |language=en}}</ref>

===Departure of Sayama===
In 1996 Satoru Sayama left Shooto due to disagreements with the board of directors, and was succeeded by Taro Wakayabayshi. In April 1996, ''World Shooto'', the ''Shooto Association'' and the ''International Shooto Commission'' were formed. This marked the end of Shooto as a single organization, and turned it into a [[combat sport]] with governing bodies. Since establishment of ISC, the champions of Shooto are called "World Champion".

===International===
Shooto was brought to America in the late 1980s by top student of Satoru Sayama, [[Yorinaga Nakamura]]. He began teaching Shooto at the Inosanto Academy in 1991, and is the instructor of Erik Paulson, Ron Balicki, Dan Inosanto, Larry Hartsell, and many others.{{fact|date=July 2025}}

Shooto South America, also known as ShootoBrazil is managed by founder of [[Nova União (mixed martial arts)|Nova União mixed martial arts academy]], [[André Pederneiras]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Jordy McElroy |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1892314-shooto-brazil-promoting-first-male-vs-female-fight-in-mma-history |title=Shooto Brazil Promoting 'First Male vs. Female Fight in MMA History' |publisher=Bleacher Report |date=2013-12-17 |access-date=2016-04-12}}</ref> Its first event was held in Rio de Janeiro in May 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/organizations/Shooto-Americas-466 |title=Shooto Americas Fights, Fight Cards, Videos, Pictures, Events and more |website=Sherdog.com |access-date=2016-04-12}}</ref>

There has been an ongoing effort, spearheaded by Rich Santoro, to promote Shooto competition into the United States and Canada. He was officially named the Director of the International Shooto Commission - SHOOTO Americas division (the North American branch of the Shooto Association) in 2001. He has worked with both U.S. event promoters and state officials to spread the Shooto brand of competition throughout North America. As of 2006 Shooto has taken place in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Tennessee, Missouri, Nevada, Hawaii, and Vancouver, British Columbia. Promoters of Shooto events in North America have been [[HOOKnSHOOT]] (one of the first MMA organisations in the United States to allow [[Women's MMA]]),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=The MMA Corner|title=History Lessons: HOOKnSHOOT and the Early Miesha Tate|url=http://themmacorner.com/2013/12/21/history-lessons-hooknshoot-and-the-early-miesha-tate-and-kaitlin-young/|access-date=2022-02-01|website=The MMA Corner|language=en-US}}</ref> The Ironheart Crown, Midwest Fighting, Tennessee Shooto, RSF Shooto Challenge, TUFF-N-UFF, World Freestyle Fighting, SHOOTO Hawaii and Mannidog Productions.

===Rule changes===
Previous to 2009, Shooto's rules included a knockdown rule giving knocked down fighters an eight-count to recover as well as allowing strikes to the back of the head. Shooto had argued that the potential for a knocked out (and thus unconscious) fighter to receive unnecessary damage while on the ground necessitated the rule, but with Shooto being one of the lone organizations still having the rule, consideration of the potential for injury allowing a knocked down fighter time to recover thus allowing additional blows, and with the original vision of Shooto's founder being a synthesis of striking, throwing and submitting - the rule change was instituted in mid-2008. The disallowment of strikes to the back of the head was done for similar medical reasons.<ref name="change">{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/changes-come-to-shooto-fighters-react-13082|title=Changes Come to Shooto, Fighters React|last=Breen|first=Jordan|publisher=Sherdog.com|access-date=2009-05-13|date=2008-06-08}}</ref>

===UFC Fight Pass broadcast partnership===
The long-running Japanese league Shooto and sister organization Vale Tudo Japan [[live-streamed]] its first shows on [[UFC Fight Pass]] in 2016. Vale Tudo Japan bouts are contested in a cage instead of Shooto's traditional ring.
Broadcast schedules for both promotions were announced 20 April 2016 during a press conference in Tokyo.
Shooto made its Fight Pass debut Saturday, 23 April, with "Fight & Mosh" live from Maihama Amphitheater in Urayasu, Japan. Two world titles were on the line, Masaaki Sugawara made his first defense of the 125-pound belt against Hiromasa Ogikubo, plus Koshi Matsumoto and Yuki Kawana vied for the vacant 155-pound mantle.
Shooto followed that up with events on 17 July and 12 Nov., both took place at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo as well as VTJ in Osaka" 19 June at Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium, and "VTJ 9th" on 19 Sept. which saw the organization return to its birthplace of Chiba prefecture.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}}

===ONE Championship partnership===
In 2019 Shooto entered into a partnership with [[ONE Championship]]. Under the terms of the partnership, Shooto champions will have the opportunity to sign a contract with ONE, while their amateur champions will be given an opportunity to train at [[Evolve MMA]] for a year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shooto Enters Exclusive Partnership With ONE Championship |url=https://www.onefc.com/press-releases/shooto-enters-exclusive-partnership-with-one-championship/ |website=ONE FC |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>

==Techniques and strategies==
The aim in a shooto match is to defeat the opponent by a [[knockout]] or a [[submission (combat sport term)|submission]], but fights can also end in a referee stoppage or by a judge decision. Legal techniques include general [[grappling]], [[chokehold]]s, [[joint lock]]s, [[kick]]s, [[knee (strike)|knee strikes]], [[punch (strike)|punches]], [[takedown (grappling)|takedowns]] and [[throw (grappling)|throws]]. Illegal techniques include [[biting]], [[elbow (strike)|elbow strikes]], [[eye-gouging]], forearm strikes, hair pulling, [[headbutt]]ing, [[kick]]ing or [[knee (strike)|kneeing]] the head of a [[downed opponent]], [[small joint manipulation]], strikes to the [[groin]] or [[throat]] and since 1 September 2008, strikes to the back of the head.<ref name=change/>

Shooto evolved in parallel with Mixed Martial Arts, including most of its techniques and strategies, to the point that both fighting styles are almost indistinguishable. However, fans, fighters and overseers still see Shooto as its own standalone combat sport.<ref name="A Blood">{{Cite web|last=Sherdog.com|title=A Blood Called Shooto - Home Called Shooto|url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/1/A-Blood-Called-Shooto-17377|access-date=2022-01-21|website=Sherdog|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Scandal">{{Cite web|last=Sherdog.com|title=Inside Shooto's Scandal, Legacy and Future|url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/Inside-Shootos-Scandal-Legacy-and-Future-30732|access-date=2022-01-21|website=Sherdog|language=en}}</ref>

==Fighter classes==
Shooto fighters are categorized into four classes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shooto Rules |url=http://shooto.ch/Rules%20Shooto.pdf |website=Shooto |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>
* Class-D: Amateur (2x2min, Headgear, Special point system)
* Class-C: Amateur (2x3min, Headgear, Special point system)
* Class-C+: Amateur (2x3min)
* Class-B: Pro (2x5min)
* Class-A: Pro (3x5min)

Fighters start out as Class-D or Class-C fighters and enter amateur competitions that Shooto hosts together with the help of local gyms all over Japan. Class-D Shooto does not allow knee strikes to the face or striking on the ground. Class-C Shooto does not allow striking on the ground, but knee strikes to the head are allowed. There are regional championship and once a year the All-Japan amateur championships. Then a fighter can get a Class-B pro license, these fights are 2x5 minute long and use the same rules as Class-A fights. Shooto holds yearly rookie tournaments in each weight class.

When a fighter has gathered enough wins and experience in Class-B he will get awarded with a Class-A license, as a sign that he's part of the elite professional fighters.

==Shooto events==
{{Main|List of Shooto Events}}

Shooto organize most of their events in Japan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Shooto |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/promotions/72-shooto?page=3 |website=Tapology |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref> although it has organized some amateur tournaments in [[China]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hong Kong Amateur Shooto Ranking Tournament |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/events/64114-hong-kong-amateur-shooto-ranking-tournament |website=Tapology |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>

Shooto consists of a multi-layered system designed to develop fighters from grassroots level, aspirants to professional fighters must start through the organization's amateur events, winning their regional tournaments (spread out throughout all the forty-seven [[prefectures of Japan]]) and performing well on the annual All-Japan tournament. As the fighter progress they will graduate from lower classes (Class-D and Class-C) until they are graduated into the professional classes (Class-B and Class-A) and now can compete on Shooto's professional events.<ref name="A Blood" /> In Japan the sport is organized by the ''Shooto Association'', however, the Association doesn't organize directly all events, be them professional or low-level amateur, letting gyms and independent promoters organize it.<ref name="Scandal" />

The ''International Shooto Commission'' on the other hand, works to create Shooto organizations outside Japan. The Commission allows local independent organizations to promote their events under the Shooto name.<ref name="Scandal" />

Domestically, it broadcasts its events over [[AbemaTV]] and Samurai TV.<ref>{{cite web |title={{sic|PROFES|SONAL|nolink=y}} SHOOTO 2020 Supported by ONE Championship |url=http://www.shooto-mma.com/topics/?id=3622 |website=Shooto |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref> Internationally, it has broadcast over the [[UFC Fight Pass]] in the past, and a number of their events are part of the UFC Fight Library.<ref>{{cite web |title=UFC FIGHT PASS signs Shooto Japan to exclusive live-event and on-demand content deal |url=https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-fight-pass-signs-shooto-japan-exclusive-live-event-and-demand-content-deal |website=UFC.com |date=14 September 2018 |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref> Recently, they have put up their events on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite web |title=shootoofficial |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/shootoofficial/videos |website=Youtube.com |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==

* [[Manga]] series ''[[All-Rounder Meguru]]'' by [[Hiroki Endo]] centers around Meguru, a high schooler amateur MMA fighter which fights his way through various Shooto amateur events in order to become a professional.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Endo|first=Hiroki|url=https://www.amazon.com.br/All-Rounder-Meguru-Vol-1-English-ebook/dp/B06XC7J43M|title=All-Rounder Meguru Vol. 1|date=2017-03-07|publisher=Kodansha Comics Digital-First!}}</ref>

==List of current Shooto champions==
===Current Shooto world champions===
{{main|List of Shooto champions}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Men's division
! Upper weight limit
! Champion
! Since
! Title Defenses
|-
| [[Middleweight (MMA)|Light Heavyweight]]
| {{convert|85|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| ''Vacant''
| ''N/A''
| ''N/A''
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Welterweight (MMA)|Middleweight]]
| rowspan=2 | {{convert|77|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Hernani Perpetuo]]
| 25 August 2013
| 1
|-
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Ryuichiro Sumimura (interim)
| 21 July 2025
| 0
|-
| [[Lightweight (MMA)|Welterweight]]
| {{convert|70|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Shutaro Debana
| 27 July 2024
| 0
|-
| [[Featherweight (MMA)|Lightweight]]
| {{convert|65|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Keisuke Sasu
| 25 July 2021
| 3
|-
| [[Bantamweight (MMA)|Featherweight]]
| {{convert|60|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Shoji Saito
| 21 July 2024
| 0
|-
| [[Flyweight (MMA)|Bantamweight]]
| {{convert|56|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Yuto Sekiguchi
| 18 May 2025
| 0
|-
| [[Strawweight (MMA)|Flyweight]]
| {{convert|52|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Koyuru Tanoue
| 28 December 2024
| 0
|-
| [[Strawweight (MMA)|Women's Strawweight]]
| {{convert|52.2|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Emi Fujino]]
| 18 May 2024
| 0
|-
| [[Atomweight (MMA)|Women's Super Atomweight]]
| {{convert|50|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Ayaka Watanabe]]
| 21 May 2023
| 0
|-
| [[Atomweight (MMA)|Women's Atomweight]]
| {{convert|48|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Aira Koga
| 3 August 2024
| 0
|}

===Current Shooto Pacific Rim champions===
{{main|List of Shooto Pacific Rim champions}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Men's division
! Upper weight limit
! Champion
! Since
! Title Defenses
|-
| [[Welterweight (MMA)|Middleweight]]
| {{convert|77|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yukinari Tamura]]
| 15 May 2022
| 0
|-
| [[Lightweight (MMA)|Welterweight]]
| {{convert|70|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|JPN}} Shutaro Debana
| 20 December 2020
| 1
|-
| [[Featherweight (MMA)|Lightweight]]
| {{convert|65|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| ''Vacant''
| ''N/A''
| ''N/A''
|-
| [[Bantamweight (MMA)|Featherweight]]
| {{convert|60|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|JPN}} Nobuki Fuji
| 27 November 2022
| 1
|}

===Current Shooto Brasil champions===
{{main|List of Shooto Brasil champions}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Men's division
! Upper weight limit
! Champion
! Since
! Title Defenses
|-
| [[Heavyweight (MMA)|Heavyweight]]
| {{convert|265|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} Kleberson Tavares
| 3 February 2023
| 0
|-
| [[Light Heavyweight (MMA)|Light Heavyweight]]
| {{convert|205|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}}
| ''Vacant''
| ''N/A''
| ''N/A''
|-
| [[Welterweight (MMA)|Welterweight]]
| {{convert|170|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} Ronys Torres
| 25 August 2023
| 0
|-
| [[Lightweight (MMA)|Lightweight]]
| {{convert|154|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}}
| ''Vacant''
| ''N/A''
| ''N/A''
|-
| [[Featherweight (MMA)|Featherweight]]
| {{convert|145|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} Hermani Perpétuo
| 24 November 2023
| 0
|-
| [[Bantamweight (MMA)|Bantamweight]]
| {{convert|134|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} Cleiver Fernandes
| 3 February 2023
| 0
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Shooto Champions]]
* [[List of Shooto Events]]
* [[Shoot boxing]]
* [[Pancrase]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.shooto-mma.com/ Shooto Japan]
*[https://shootobrasil.com/en/ Shooto Brasil]
*[https://kakutogi.eu/shooto-germany/ Shooto Germany]
*[https://www.usashooto.com/ Shooto United States]

{{MMA organizations}}{{martial arts}}

[[Category:Shooto| ]]
[[Category:Mixed martial arts promotions]]
[[Category:Hybrid martial arts]]
[[Category:Sports originating in Japan]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Japan]]