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{{Redirect|Sochatchov|the Hasidic dynasty|Sochatchov (Hasidic dynasty)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sochaczew
| image_skyline = File:Sochaczew montage.png
| imagesize = 250px
| image_shield = POL Sochaczew COA.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Sochaczew town.gif
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Masovian Voivodeship|name=Masovian}} 
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sochaczew County|Sochaczew]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = Sochaczew <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_party = Independent 
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Daniel Janiak
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1138
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = before 1368
| area_total_km2 = 26.13
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_total = 33456
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|52|14|N|20|14|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m = 81
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 96-500 to 96-503
| area_code = +48 46
| website = {{URL|www.sochaczew.pl}}
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Poland|Vehicle registration plates]]
| blank_info = WSC
| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=11 |height=300 |width= | stroke-width=1 |shape-fill-opacity=0.2 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
'''Sochaczew''' ({{IPA|pl|sɔˈxat͡ʂɛf|-|pl-Sochaczew.ogg}}) is a town in central Poland,{{TERYT}} with 33,456 inhabitants (as of 2023). In the [[Masovian Voivodeship]] (since 1999), formerly in [[Skierniewice Voivodeship]] (1975–1998). It is the capital of [[Sochaczew County]] and is located approximately {{convert|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west from the capital of Poland [[Warsaw]]

Sochaczew has a [[narrow-gauge railway]] museum with a line that runs as far as [[Wilcze Tułowskie]]. 750&nbsp;mm-gauge steam trains run on the line on Saturdays from spring to the end of summer.

==History==
Sochaczew was first mentioned in documents from 1138, when the Duke of Poland [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] died at a local [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery. By 1221 Sochaczew had already been an important center of administration, and a seat of a [[castellan]], who lived in a defensive [[Gord (archaeology)|gord]]. The town prospered due to its location at the intersection of main merchant routes (from [[Kalisz]] to [[Ciechanów]], and from [[Warsaw]] to [[Poznań]]). In the first half of the 13th century, construction of two churches began; both were completed and consecrated by the [[List of bishops of Płock|Bishop of Płock]] in 1257.

[[File:AGAD Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk, krol polski nadaje miastu Sochaczew doroczny jarmark.png|thumb|left|Privilege of Polish King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] from 1477, which established an annual fair in Sochaczew]]
Some time in the mid-14th century, Duke [[Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia]] held here a meeting of Mazovian dukes and notables. It is not known when Sochaczew received its town charter; by 1368 it had already been a town (civitas). After the death of Duke Siemowit VII, Sochaczew was on February 4, 1476 reintegrated directly with the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] as a reverted fief. King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] granted several [[Privilege (law)|privileges]] to the town, including the right to hold annual [[fair]]s, on the second Sunday after Easter. Sochaczew was famous for its craftsmen, the town also had a royal mill. In 1478 the building of two churches was completed and in 1487 a hospital was built. At the same time, the town frequently burned in several fires (1461, 1506, 1539, 1590, 1618, and 1644). Sochaczew was a [[Royal city in Poland|royal town]] of Poland, administratively located in the [[Rawa Voivodeship]] in the [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland Province]].

In 1570, the population of Sochaczew was about 3,000, with 211 craftsmen, 17 merchants and shopkeepers, and 394 buildings. The town had a wooden defensive wall, and its wooden bridge over the [[Bzura]] was very busy: in 1564, the bridge was crossed by 1,900 merchant horses, on their way to Płock and [[Wyszogród]]. The end of prosperity was marked by the great fire of July 1590, in which one-third of all buildings burned to the ground. By 1618, the number of buildings shrank to 110. In the same year, another fire destroyed half of the town. Further destruction was brought by [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]]. Sochaczew was captured by Swedes on September 5, 1655. After five years of fighting, only 13 inhabited houses remained in the town in 1661.

A route connecting [[Warsaw]] with [[Poznań]] and [[Dresden]] ran through the town in the 18th century and King [[Augustus III of Poland]] often traveled that route.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dresden-warszawa.eu/pl/prolog/informacja-historyczna/|title=Informacja historyczna|website=Dresden-Warszawa|accessdate=21 February 2021|language=pl}}</ref> Sochaczew did not recover until the late 18th century, when several new houses were built. Following the [[Second Partition of Poland]] (1793), the town was annexed by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]. Its population at that time was about 1,100, including 990 [[Jews]]. The town had 148 inhabited houses, but most of them were neglected and dilapidated.

In 1807 Sochaczew became part of the newly formed [[Duchy of Warsaw]]; several months later the town almost completely burned. In 1815, after the dissolution of the duchy, the town was transferred to newly formed [[Russian Partition|Russian-controlled]] [[Congress Poland]]. On January 16, 1817, the District of Sochaczew was created, with its seat in [[Łowicz]]. In August 1818 Sochaczew burned again, after that fire, the center of the town was rebuilt (1819–1823), and the market square was paved. By 1828, the population grew to 3,200, out of which 76% was Jewish. The area of Sochaczew saw several skirmishes during the [[January Uprising]]. In 1867, the County of Sochaczew was created, but the town, due to its mostly wooden architecture, burned in several fires. In 1903, Sochaczew received rail connection with [[Warsaw]], and by 1908, its population grew to almost 10,000. On December 2, 1913, [[art silk]] plant was opened by a Belgian investor in the district of Boryszew.

[[File:Sochaczew - kosciol i b. klasztor panien Dominikanek, zalozony w r. 1244 przez ks. Jacka Odrowaza. 1906-1918 (70926016) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Early 20th-century view of the old monastery in Sochaczew]]
[[World War I]] had catastrophic consequences for Sochaczew. On October 5, 1914, after a bloody battle, the town was captured by Germans, who burned it completely, together with the Boryszew plant. From December 1914 until July 1915, fierce Russian – German fighting took place along the Bzura and [[Rawka]] rivers. The residents of Sochaczew fled from the destroyed town, returning in the summer of 1915, when Germans took control of it.

A [[Lubok]] popular print from this period illustrating the fighting bears the caption, "A brave detachment of Cossacks destroyed German hussars near Sochaczew."<ref>''The European War.'' [[World Digital Library]]. Accessed May 11, 2015.</ref>

Following the war, in 1918, Poland regained independence as the [[Second Polish Republic]], and Sochaczew belonged to Poland since. The town was completely destroyed, and its impoverished population built wooden houses. The Boryszew plant was rebuilt, together with rail stations and its facilities. In 1927, construction of a textile plant began in the district of Chodaków. The town was rebuilt and partly electrified. By 1931, its population grew to almost 11,000, also due to expansion of the town limits by including adjacent settlements, such as Boryszew and Rozlazłów. Roman Catholics made 71% of population.

===World War II===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-012-0037-23A, Polen, Straßenkampf, Infanterie.jpg|thumb|Battle of Sochaczew during the German [[invasion of Poland]] (1939)]]
On September 3, 1939, at the very beginning of the German [[Invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]], Sochaczew was bombed by the [[Luftwaffe]]. On September 9, first [[Wehrmacht]] units entered the town, where they remained until early September 13, when Germans were pushed out by the [[Polish Army]], during the [[Battle of the Bzura]]. Due to German artillery fire, Poles abandoned Sochaczew on September 14–15, after a fierce and bloody battle. As a result of fighting there was widespread destruction in the town. On September 22 in the district of Boryszew, German troops {{ill|Boryszew massacre|lt=massacred|pl|Zbrodnia w Boryszewie}} 50 [[Polish people|Polish]] [[prisoners of war]] (see also ''[[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sudoł|first=Tomasz|year=2011|title=Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jeńcach polskich we wrześniu 1939 roku|magazine=Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej|language=pl|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|issue=8-9 (129-130)|page=82|issn=1641-9561}}</ref>

13 Polish policemen from Sochaczew were murdered by the Soviets in [[Tver]] in April–May 1940 as part of the large [[Katyn massacre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mazowiecka.policja.gov.pl/wsc/aktualnosci/18898,Sochaczewskie-obchody-Dnia-Pamieci-Ofiar-Zbrodni-Katynskiej.html|title=Sochaczewskie obchody Dnia Pamięci Ofiar Zbrodni Katyńskiej|website=KPP w Sochaczewie|accessdate=21 February 2021|language=pl}}</ref>

German forces remained in Sochaczew until January 17, 1945, when the town was captured by the [[Red Army]], and then restored to Poland. In the war, Sochaczew lost over 4,000 residents, including virtually all of its Jewish population, and 40% of its buildings were destroyed.

==Museums==
[[File:Muzeum Ziemi Sochaczewskiej.jpg|thumb|''Muzeum Ziemi Sochaczewskiej'' (local museum)]]
Sochaczew has three museums.
* Muzeum Ziemi Sochaczewskiej i Pola Bitwy nad Bzurą (historic museum which has militaria from the battle that was in Sochaczew by the river [[Bzura]] in 1939)
* Muzeum Kolei Wąskotorowej w Sochaczewie ("[[Narrow Gauge Railway Museum in Sochaczew]]") is a {{track gauge|750 mm}}-gauge [[heritage railway]]. It was formerly the Sochaczewska Kolej Powiatowa ("Sochaczew County Narrow Gauge Railway"). It has a fleet of historic [[steam locomotive|steam]], [[diesel locomotive|diesel]] and [[electric locomotive]]s, [[goods wagon]]s, [[Passenger car (rail)|passenger car]]s and [[draisine]]s.
* [[Birthplace of Frédéric Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin's Museum and House]] in Żelazowa Wola

==Transport==
[[File:Autobus 7 ZKM Sochaczew.jpg|thumb|Municipal public transport bus in Sochaczew]]
Sochaczew is located at the intersection of Polish National roads [[National road 50 (Poland)|50]] and [[National road 92 (Poland)|92]] and [[Voivodeship road]]s 580 and 705. The [[A2 autostrada (Poland)|A2 motorway]] runs nearby, south of the town. There is also a train station in the town.

==Sports==
The town's most notable sports clubs are [[rugby union]] team {{ill|Orkan Sochaczew|pl}}, which competes in the [[Ekstraliga (rugby union)|Ekstraliga]] (Poland's top division), and [[Association football|football]] team {{ill|Bzura Chodaków|pl}}, which competes in the lower leagues.

[[File:Szkoła Muzyczna w Sochaczewie2.jpg|thumb|Old palatial manor, now housing a music school]]

==Education==
The city has a branch of [[VIZJA University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sochaczew.edu.pl/|title=O Nas|website=Filia w Sochaczewie|language=pl|access-date=2024-11-29}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Jerzy Artysz]] – opera singer
* [[Fryderyk Chopin]] – composer and pianist (1810–49) born in [[Żelazowa Wola]], [[gmina Sochaczew]]
* [[Bogusław Liberadzki]] – former Polish [[Minister of Transportation]], [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] – born 1948 in Sochaczew
* [[Avrohom Bornsztain]] – author of the Avnei Nezer, lived there and was buried there
* [[Jacek Hugo-Bader]] – reporter, journalist and writer
* [[Ryszard Bugaj]] – economist and politician                  
* Stanislav Rembski – artist

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [http://www.sochaczew.pl/ Sochaczew]
* [http://e-Sochaczew.pl e-Sochaczew]
* [http://www.sochaczewianin.pl sochaczewianin]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140712102430/http://sochaczew24.info/ Sochaczew24]}}
* [http://www.e-sochaczew.pl/muzeum/ Museum of Sochaczew County and Bzura's Battlefield]
*[http://yizkor.nypl.org/index.php?id=1263 Sochaczew Yizkor (Holocaust Memorial) Book] (Yiddish & Hebrew)
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/sochaczew/ Jewish Community in Sochaczew] on Virtual Shtetl
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0018_0_18777.html Jewish Virtual Library]

{{Sochaczew County}}
{{Gmina Sochaczew}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Sochaczew County]]
[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes during the Invasion of Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]