View source for Sorocaba

{{For|the moth genus|Sorocaba (moth)}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Sorocaba
| official_name      = Municipality of Sorocaba
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image|total_width=300px|perrow=2/2/2/1|border=infobox
| image1                =
| image2                = Rio Sorocaba (cropped).jpg
| image3                = Usina Cultural Ettore Marangoni.jpg
| image4                = Ciclovia às margens do rio Sorocaba.jpg
| image5                = Estação da EFS (Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana) - panoramio.jpg
| image6                = Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba.jpg
| image7                = Praça do villagio shopping-Sorocaba-SP - panoramio (10).jpg
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = BandeiraSorocaba.svg
| image_shield       = BrasaoSorocaba.svg
| nickname           = 
| motto = {{force singular}} {{lang|la|Pro una libera Patria pugnavi}} <small>([[Latin]])<br />"I fought for a free Fatherland"</small>
| image_map          = SaoPaulo Municip Sorocaba.svg
| map_caption        = Location in São Paulo
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|23|30|6|S|47|27|29|W|region:BR_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_type1  = Region
| subdivision_type2  = State
| subdivision_type3  = Metropolitan Region
| subdivision_name1  = [[Southeast Brazil]]
| subdivision_name2  = {{flag|São Paulo}}
| subdivision_name3  = [[Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba|Sorocaba]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1654
| founder            = Baltazar Fernandes
| named_for          = [[Sorocaba River]]
| seat_type          = 
| seat               = 
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| leader_party       = [[Republicans (Brazil)|Republicanos]]
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Sorocaba|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Rodrigo Manga|Rodrigo Maganhato]]
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| area_total_km2     = 450
| elevation_m        = 601
| population_footnotes = <ref>[https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/sp/sorocaba.html IBGE 2022]</ref>
| population_total   = 723682
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 723,000
| population_demonym = {{lang|pt|sorocabano}}
| population_note    = 
| timezone1          = 
| utc_offset1        = 
| timezone1_DST      = 
| utc_offset1_DST    = 
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code          = +55 15
| area_code_type     = [[List of dialling codes in Brazil|Area code]]
| blank_name         = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010)
| blank_info         = 0.798  – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|sorocaba.sp.gov.br}}
| footnote           = 
}}

'''Sorocaba''' ({{IPA|pt|soɾoˈkabɐ}}) is a [[Municipalities of Brazil|municipality]] in the [[Interior of São Paulo|interior]] of the [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]. With over 723,000 inhabitants, it is the seventh-largest city in the state and the second-largest outside the [[Greater São Paulo]] region, ranking behind only [[Campinas]]. It forms its own [[Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba]], comprising 27 municipalities with a total population of 2 million inhabitants, the 15th most populous in Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislacao.sp.gov.br/legislacao/dg280202.nsf/69aaa17c14b8cb5483256cfb0050146e/399ae95c2cf6d39583257cd30043511f?OpenDocument |title=Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Lei Complementar nº 1.241, de 8 de maio de 2014 |access-date=2015-09-29 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018195931/http://www.legislacao.sp.gov.br/legislacao/dg280202.nsf/69aaa17c14b8cb5483256cfb0050146e/399ae95c2cf6d39583257cd30043511f?OpenDocument |archive-date=18 October 2014 }}</ref><ref name="ibge">{{cite web|url=http://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/sorocaba/panorama |title=IBGE &#124; Cidades &#124; São Paulo &#124; Sorocaba &#124; Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |publisher=cod.ibge.gov.br|access-date=2015-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Há 10 anos, Lei Complementar da Alesp criou a Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba |url=https://www.al.sp.gov.br/noticia/?id=474767 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=www.al.sp.gov.br |language=pt-br}}</ref>

With a surface area of 450,38&nbsp;km² (or about 170 [[square miles|sq mi]]), Sorocaba is integrated with [[Greater São Paulo]] and the Metropolitan Regions of [[Campinas metropolitan area|Campinas]], [[Jundiaí]], [[Paraíba Valley and North Coast metropolitan area|Paraíba Valley and North Coast]] and [[Baixada Santista]], forming the [[São Paulo macrometropolis]], which is home to over 30 million people, about three quarters of the state's population and the first such urban agglomeration in the [[Southern Hemisphere]].<ref name="Estadão">{{cite web|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/megacidades/sp_mancha.shtm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205013544/http://www.estadao.com.br/megacidades/sp_mancha.shtm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-12-05 |title=A primeira macrometrópole do hemisfério sul |author=Diego Zanchetta |date=3 August 2008 |publisher=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]] }}</ref>

The city is highly industrialized, with its industrial production reaching over 120 countries and a GDP of over [[Brazilian real|R$]] 32 billion, the 19th-largest in Brazil, surpassing state capitals such as [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]], [[Belém]], [[Vitória, Espírito Santo|Vitória]], [[Natal, Brazil|Natal]], and [[Florianópolis]].<ref name="IBGE_PIB">{{cite web |url=http://www.jornalcruzeiro.com.br/materia/757742/sorocaba-sobe-para-o-19-maior-pib-do-brasil-aponta-ibge|title=Sorocaba sobe para o 19º maior PIB do Brasil|publisher=IBGE }}</ref> Over 22,000 companies operate in the city, 2,000 of which are industries.<ref name="sorocaba.sp.gov.br">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sorocaba.sp.gov.br/pagina/238/conheca-sorocaba.html |title=Dados econômicos Prefeitura de Sorocaba  |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819184305/http://www.sorocaba.sp.gov.br/pagina/238/conheca-sorocaba.html|archivedate=2013-08-19}}</ref>

==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2013}}
Dom Francisco de Sousa, general governor of [[Brazil]] (1591 to 1602), believing in the existence of gold in the region, settled the Pelourinho —a Portuguese translation of the English "[[pillory]]", symbol of the Royal power, as the village Nova Vila de Nossa Senhora da Ponte de Mont Serrat. When gold wasn't found there, the governor returned to the Royal Court. Twelve years later, Dom Francisco de Sousa changed the name of the village to Itavuvu.

[[Baltasar Fernandes]], a member of an expeditionary group called [[Bandeirantes]], laid the foundation of Sorocaba in the 1654. The chapel of Nossa Senhora da Ponte (which is now the Cathedral located in Fernando Prestes square, downtown) was built by him, along with the São Bento de Parnaíba monastery (now São Bento monastery) years later. It was also Fernandes who brought the first [[Benedictine]] monks to teach, assist the poor and the ill, and convert the Native Americans of the region. The monastery was donated to the Benedictines in the year 1660, after which Friar Anselmo da Anunciação and Friar Mauro were chosen to take office. The first streets and houses started to spread around the neighborhood.

In the year of 1661, Baltasar Fernandes went to São Paulo to request that Sorocaba be named a village from the governor, Correia de Sá e Benevides. Thus, on March 3, 1661, Sorocaba became known as Vila de Nossa Senhora da Ponte de Sorocaba. The organization of the Municipal Council followed shortly, with the main nominees being: Baltasar Fernandes and André de Zunega (judges), Cláudio Furquim and Pascoal Leite Pais (city councillors), Domingos Garcia (procurator) and Francisco Sanches (clerk).

With the arrival of colonel Cristóvão Pereira de Abreu and his troops in 1773, begins the main chapter of the history of Sorocaba: the [[Tropeiro|Tropeirismo]].

The transportation of goods on the back of mules, that traversed the North-South route of the country came across Sorocaba, which was strategically placed in the main route between [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]. Soon Sorocaba had its own Feira de Muares (mule/horse fair), where troops from all states came to feed and rest their cavalry on the way to the mineral and forest expeditions, and buy and sell goods, horses and enslaved Africans. Given the growing number of people working in the city, the commerce and the first industries began to appear. Goods bought in Sorocaba were known from across the Country, spread by the merchant troops. The main events of Tropeirismo comprehended a hundred years of the Sorocaba history, from 1770 to 1870. The Tropeirismo is also responsible for spreading a locally manufactured type of Knife that became known in Brazil is as the [[Sorocaban Knife]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gazinhato|first=Laércio|title=Facas brasileiras antigas|publisher=Natugraf|year=2018|location=Brazil|language=Portuguese}}</ref>

During the [[American Civil War]], English textile industries ran out of cotton, which was imported from the Southern United States. Soon, manufactures from [[England]] started to search around the world for alternative places to cultivate cotton - one of them was the then-Province of São Paulo, which included Sorocaba. In 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel Francisco Gonçalves de Oliveira Machado started the first cotton plantation in Sorocaba. The local environment and weather were ideal, and the plantation flourished. The first harvest exceeded all expectations, starting another cycle of industrial and economic development. Several textile industries from England built branches in the city, changing the landscape with chimneys, saw-styled roofs, large, orange brick-built buildings and smoke. During this time, Sorocaba received the title of Manchester Paulista--"São Paulo native" in Portuguese, given the resemblance with its laboring [[Manchester|twin]] city.

With the opening of the [[Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana]] on June 20, 1872 and its transport of cotton products, animals and passengers to São Paulo, Sorocaba had a major leap in development. Six locomotives and 62 bandwagons were brought from [[England]], with seven stations initially planned.

[[Telegraph|Telegraphic services]] started on April 3, 1873. Years later, the railway expanded to the borders of the state, with Sorocaba station as the hub.

==Geography==

===Location===
The city is located in the southeastern region of the state of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], 92&nbsp;km away from the state capital. The main highways are Castelo Branco (SP-280) and Raposo Tavares (SP-270). It straddles the [[Sorocaba River]], a tributary of the left bank of the [[Tiete river]]. The municipality of Sorocaba is located on the [[Tropic of Capricorn]], at latitude 23° 26 '16 " for the season of 2011, passes along the neighborhoods of Aparecidinha and Parque São Bento districts. At the junction of Highway José Ermírio José de Morais (SP-75) with the connection to the Raposo Tavares highway is a milestone signaling the Tropic. Among Brazil's largest cities (by population), Sorocaba is in 30th place. Sorocaba is among the major cities in São Paulo (population), is ranked ninth.

===Climate===
Sorocaba climate is subtropical, with the coldest month being July and warmest in January and February. Precipitation is around {{convert|1300|mm|1|abbr=in}}. According to [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]], Sorocaba can be classified as a [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]] climate, featuring a warm climate with summer rainfall and temperature in the warmest month ≥ {{convert|22|°C|0}}.

The climate table below shows the monthly mean temperatures, maximum and minimum recorded, rainfall and rainy days with monthly and annual averages for the period from 1 January 1995 to January 1, 2011 for the city of Sorocaba.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Sorocaba, elevation {{convert|598|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1961–2001)
|Jan record high C = 37.2
|Feb record high C = 37.4
|Mar record high C = 35.8
|Apr record high C = 34.2
|May record high C = 31.2
|Jun record high C = 29.7
|Jul record high C = 31.1
|Aug record high C = 34.1
|Sep record high C = 36.4
|Oct record high C = 37.8
|Nov record high C = 38.2
|Dec record high C = 36.2
|Jan record low C = 11.2
|Feb record low C = 13.9
|Mar record low C = 10.6
|Apr record low C = 5.5
|May record low C = 3.1
|Jun record low C = 2.0
|Jul record low C = 1.0
|Aug record low C = 1.2
|Sep record low C = 5.2
|Oct record low C = 8.5
|Nov record low C = 11.0
|Dec record low C = 12.6
|Jan high C = 	29.2
|Feb high C = 	30.0
|Mar high C = 	29.4
|Apr high C = 	27.6
|May high C = 	24.8
|Jun high C = 	23.9
|Jul high C = 	24.0
|Aug high C = 	25.8
|Sep high C = 	26.4
|Oct high C = 	27.8
|Nov high C = 	28.8
|Dec high C = 	29.1
| year high C = 	27.2
|Jan mean C = 	23.5
|Feb mean C = 	23.9
|Mar mean C = 	23.3
|Apr mean C = 	21.6
|May mean C = 	18.6
|Jun mean C = 	17.1
|Jul mean C = 	17.0
|Aug mean C = 	18.4
|Sep mean C = 	19.6
|Oct mean C = 	21.1
|Nov mean C = 	22.4
|Dec mean C = 	23.0
| year mean C = 	20.8
|Jan low C = 	19.6
|Feb low C = 	19.7
|Mar low C = 	19.1
|Apr low C = 	17.4
|May low C = 	14.1
|Jun low C = 	12.3
|Jul low C = 	12.0
|Aug low C = 	13.0
|Sep low C = 	14.7
|Oct low C = 	16.3
|Nov low C = 	17.7
|Dec low C = 	18.7
| year low C = 	16.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	284.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 	155.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 	142.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 	64.7
|May precipitation mm = 	82.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 	54.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 	55.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 	31.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 	67.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 	100.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 	131.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 	183.7
|year precipitation mm = 	1355.6
 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 	15
| Feb precipitation days = 	12
| Mar precipitation days = 	9
| Apr precipitation days = 	5
| May precipitation days = 	7
| Jun precipitation days = 	4
| Jul precipitation days = 	4
| Aug precipitation days = 	4
| Sep precipitation days = 	7
| Oct precipitation days = 	9
| Nov precipitation days = 	9
| Dec precipitation days =	13
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 	77.7
| Feb humidity = 	75.9
| Mar humidity = 	75.8
| Apr humidity = 	76.4
| May humidity = 	76.7
| Jun humidity = 	76.5
| Jul humidity = 	72.7
| Aug humidity = 	68.4
| Sep humidity = 	69.9
| Oct humidity = 	71.5
| Nov humidity = 	71.8
| Dec humidity = 	74.5
| year humidity =	74.0
|Jan sun = 	149.7
|Feb sun = 	161.4
|Mar sun = 	189.3
|Apr sun = 	180.2
|May sun = 	177.5
|Jun sun = 	166.8
|Jul sun = 	187.1
|Aug sun = 	202.0
|Sep sun = 	168.0
|Oct sun = 	177.9
|Nov sun = 	178.6
|Dec sun = 	161.4
|year sun = 	2099.9
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia<ref name=INMET>{{cite web
| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas
| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 21 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="bdmep.inmet.gov.br">{{cite web
| url= https://bdmep.inmet.gov.br/
| title=  Banco de dados meteorológicos
| publisher = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]] (INMET)
| language = Portuguese
|accessdate = 16 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Temp-mín-INMET">{{cite web
| url= http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/gera_serie_txt.php?&mRelEstacao=83851&btnProcesso=serie&mRelDtInicio=01/01/1961&mRelDtFim=31/12/2018&mAtributos=,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
| title=  BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura mínima (°C) - Sorocaba
| publisher = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]] (INMET)
| language = Portuguese
|accessdate = 16 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="Temp-máx-INMET">{{cite web
|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/gera_serie_txt.php?&mRelEstacao=83851&btnProcesso=serie&mRelDtInicio=01/01/1961&mRelDtFim=31/12/2018&mAtributos=,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,
|title=BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura máxima (°C) - Sorocaba
| publisher = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]] (INMET)
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 16 February 2025}}</ref>
}}

===Land relief===
The terrain is classified as a wavy strands and characterized by local ridges, with an average altitude of 632 meters above the sea level. The highest altitude is 1028 meters, in the Serra de Sao Francisco. The lower altitude is 539 meters, in the valley of the [[Sorocaba River]]. Sorocaba is located on the edge of the Peripheral Depression of São Paulo state, in the Appalachian Fall Line, as defined by Professor [[Aziz Ab'Saber]]. This configuration is due to the fact Sorocaba lies at the boundary between the Atlantic Plateau, which covers the area of crystalline rocks, with higher relief and the rocks of the [[Parana' Basin|Parana Sedimentary Basin]] and gently rolling topography with lower altitudes. The [[Sorocaba River]] and its hydrographic basin are responsible for the relief dissection.

===Soil===
The soil is characterized as red-yellow podzolic type, with gravelly clay, heavy clay, Typic dark clayey; oxisol with clay loam. Lithosols also occur, which are usually developed with little depressions.

===Vegetation===
The original natural vegetation was the Atlantic Forest, with local regions in a Montana Tropical Rainforest. Predominate the savannah vegetation in various stages of secondary succession.

===Geology===
Sorocaba is located exactly on the limit between the sedimentary rocks of [[Parana Basin|Parana Sedimentary Basin]] (Itararé Group, in glacial and deltaic palaeoenvironments of Permian-Carboniferous age) and crystalline basement (Neoproterozoic). Important [[granite]] massifs are Sorocaba Massif (calc-alkaline I-Type) and São Francisco Massif (Subalkaline, A-Type). Metamorphic low grade rocks as phyllites, metacalcareous, metarenites, are marine metassediments are included in Sao Roque Group ([[Neoproterozoic]]) with structural trend northeast-southwest. The [[Ipanema Hill]] or [[Ipanema Hill|Araçoiaba Ridge]] is a prominent and isolated topographic elevation, it comprises ultrabasic-alkaline intrusion age ([[Mesozoic]], Early [[Cretaceous]]), remnant of ancient [[volcano]]. It was the first iron mine, [[ironworks]] and metallurgy of Brazil, [[Royal St. John of Ipanema Iron Foundry|Ipanema]]. The ore was exploited from [[magnetite]], probably associated to [[carbonatite]] body.

==Demography==
According to IBGE, 2010 Census, the population of Sorocaba was 586,311 inhabitants. There was a growth of 18.81% compared to 2000. The population density is 1,305.46 inhabitants per square kilometer. Women are the majority in Sorocaba, being 51.1% of the total population. In absolute numbers, there are 299,513 women and 286,798 men, 12,715 more women than men. There is a large predominance of urban population in Sorocaba, with only 1% of the population (5,971 residents) living in rural areas, compared with 580,340 in urban areas. Among the largest cities in [[Brazil]] (in population), Sorocaba is in 30th place. Among the largest cities in [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (in population), it is ranked ninth.

==Industry==
Sorocaba's industrial park is well-served by roads, highways, and public transportation. The industrial park boasts more than 25&nbsp;million square meters and over 1,600 industries. Main economic activities are: industrial [[machinery]], heavy [[metallurgy]], [[ironmaking]] and [[steelmaking]], [[automotive]] parts, industrial [[textiles]], [[Farm equipment|agricultural equipment]], [[Chemical industry|chemical]] and [[Petrochemistry|petrochemical]], [[cement]] production, solar module manufacturing, eolic energy, [[pharmaceutics]], [[paper]] and [[cellulose]], [[electronics]], [[telecommunications]], [[tool]]s, commerce and services. Its tools, automotive parts and pharmaceutics industry are the biggest in [[Brazil]].

The [[Ferroban]] railroad (formerly [[Sorocabana Railway]] and [[RFFSA|FEPASA]]) are connected to [[São Paulo]] and the [[Port of Santos|Santos]] Seaport, the largest seaport in South America. The railroad is also an important link to [[Mercosur]], reaching both [[Argentina]] and [[Bolivia]].

Sorocaba also boasts a dry port terminal, which provides efficient road linkages to the various ports and airports of the region including [[Sorocaba Airport|Bertram Luiz Leupolz Airport]], which has one of the busiest cargo terminals in the State. A second airport, with much higher traffic and passenger capacity is currently being planned for the upcoming years.

==Economy==
Sorocaba's economic development is fifth in the state, with investments in the order of US$3,5&nbsp;billion, with US$3&nbsp;billion in [[Gross Domestic Product]]. Its industries export to over 115 countries, with an income of US$370&nbsp;million per year. There are over eight&nbsp;thousand commerce organizations and another 8,000 service businesses.

==Education==
Sorocaba has nine universities, seven private: University of Medical and Health Sciences at the Catholic University of São Paulo ([[PUC-SP|PUC]]-SP), [[University of Sorocaba]] (UNISO), ESAMC Sorocaba, Anhanguera, Uirapuru Superior, Academia de Letras de Sorocaba, University Paulista (UNIP), and two public Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho | Universidade Estadual Paulista ([[UNESP]]) and University of São Carlos ([[UFSCar]]).

It also has nine colleges: [[Law School of Sorocaba]] (FADI), recommended by [[Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil|OAB]] the year 2007 the FADI received the seal of quality issued by the institution to law courses that have had the best quality indexes in recent years. Engineering College of Sorocaba ([[FACENS]]), College of Technology of São Paulo - Sorocaba (FATEC-SO), College of Physical Education [[YMCA]] Sorocaba (FEFISO), Manchester Paulista Institute of Higher Education (IMAP), Academy of Higher Education (AES), Graduate School of Management, Marketing and Communication (ESAMC) Anhanguera Educational Sorocabano Uirapuru Education Center and the Union of Educational Institutions of São Paulo (UNIESP), among others schools.

There are four hundred public schools between municipal and private ones from elementary to high school, many with professionalizing courses. National Industry and Commerce Service Institutions like [[SENAI]] [[SENAC]] | Senac, are also present in the city, besides the State Technical School of London | State Technical School and Rubens de Faria e Souza, State Technical School of São Paulo | Technical School Fernando Prestes de Albuquerque and the Polytechnic School of Sorocaba (free of charge), which also houses the Standart School of Sorocaba, Antonio Padilha school.

==Health==

[[File:Hospital Santa Lucinda.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Hospital Santa Lucinda]], located in Sorocaba Hospital Complex of the Sorocaba Conjunto Hospitalar ZonaSul]]

The city's health care is well served with many hospitals like Hospital Santa Lucinda, Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba, Santa Casa de Misericórdia (founded over 200 years ago), Evangelical Hospital, Samaritan Hospital, Hospital Unimed, etc. The Ophthalmological Hospital<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/spnoticias/lenoticia.php?id=92556 | title = St. Paul honors champions of transplants | date = 26 February 2008 | access-date = 2009-10-27}}</ref> is the hospital that performs more transplants and corneal uptake in Brazil. It was honored at the Distinction Award in Organ Donation of the Secretariat of Health of Brazil and has succeeded in eliminating the waiting list for transplants in the region of Sorocaba and the entire city of São Paulo. {{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}

Hospital Santa Lucinda achieved its 100th kidney transplant in 2004.<ref>{{ cite news | url = http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2004/06/10/20040610-cidades-361866.shtml | title = Team performs 100. º kidney transplant | last = Batista | first = Evenize | date = 10 June 2004 | journal = Cruzeiro do Sul | access-date = 2010-03-14 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706160549/http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2004/06/10/20040610-cidades-361866.shtml | archive-date = 6 July 2011 }}</ref> In 2007, we opened 12 rooms with high-tech equipment, the result of an investment of about $2.5&nbsp;million from the St. Paul Foundation.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2007/09/22/20070922-sorocaba-23131.shtml | title = inaugurates new surgical center in Santa Lucinda | date = 22 September 2007 | journal = Cruzeiro do Sul | access-date = 2010-03-14 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706160634/http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2007/09/22/20070922-sorocaba-23131.shtml | archive-date = 6 July 2011 }}</ref>

The Sorocaba Hospital Complex is responsible for servicing the tertiary level of 48 municipalities in southwest São Paulo with a population of over 3&nbsp;million inhabitants. Reference state is the treatment of burn victims<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2007/11/11/20071111-caderno_de_domingo-37833.shtml |title=Centro de tratamento do CHS é referência em atendimento do SUS |access-date=2010-05-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706160603/http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2007/11/11/20071111-caderno_de_domingo-37833.shtml |archive-date=2011-07-06 }}</ref> and in 2009 over R$5&nbsp;million were investing into building a new maternity ward.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2009/06/07/20090607-sorocaba-191818.shtml |title=CHS entrega maternidade reformada em agosto |access-date=2010-05-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706160607/http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2009/06/07/20090607-sorocaba-191818.shtml |archive-date=2011-07-06 }}</ref> The scientific work in the area of burns in the year 2009 awarded by the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery and was coordinated by Dr. Hamilton Aleardo Gonella and held at CHS. For a year, Gonella's team researched the application of nanocrystalline silver dressings. The technique, tested in five patients of CHS, showed positive results, expanding the range of dressing change which reduces the patient's suffering and costs in hospital care. The Plastic Surgery Service CHS has 34 awards for scientific work in various areas. About burns, are at least ten.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bomdiasorocaba.com.br/Noticias/Dia-a-dia/6044/Congresso+premia+trabalho+sobre+queimadura+no+CHS |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-05-31 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706151500/http://www.bomdiasorocaba.com.br/Noticias/Dia-a-dia/6044/Congresso+premia+trabalho+sobre+queimadura+no+CHS |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Ambulatory Hernia Surgery is the CHS model,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2005/06/17/20050617-cidades-373451.shtml |title=Ambulatório de cirurgia de hérnia vira modelo |access-date=2010-05-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706160623/http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2005/06/17/20050617-cidades-373451.shtml |archive-date=2011-07-06 }}</ref> several training sessions are conducted for surgeons throughout the country. Sorocaba is a technique performed the cut is between 2 and 2.5&nbsp;cm, smaller than the procedures used elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2005/12/14 |title=Jornal Cruzeiro do Sul - notícias, serviços e classificados de Sorocaba e Região |access-date=2014-02-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140208221225/http://www.cruzeirodosul.inf.br/acervo/2005/12/14 |archive-date=2014-02-08 }} / 20051214-city-379274.shtml</ref>

The [[Faculty of Medicine of Sorocaba]] - the first medical school in the interior of Brazil - was founded in 1950 and is one of the most responsible for Sorocaba be a reference center for health in Brazil having formed many renowned professionals.

== Media ==
In telecommunications, the city was served by [[:pt:Telecomunicações de São Paulo|Telecomunicações de São Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imprensaoficial.com.br/DO/BuscaDO2001Documento_11_4.aspx?link=/1973/ineditoriais/abril/24/p1/pag_0054_DUI6O3SN7V5CNe7E7ANSRTTG04F.pdf&pagina=54&data=24/04/1973&caderno=Ineditoriais&paginaordenacao=100054|title=Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973|access-date=2024-06-14|website=www.imprensaoficial.com.br|language=Portuguese}}</ref> In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefônica, which adopted the [[Vivo (telecommunications company)|Vivo]] brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).<ref name=":vivo">{{Cite web|url=https://ri.telefonica.com.br/en/the-company/our-history/|title=Our History - Telefônica RI|access-date=2024-06-14|website=Telefônica}}</ref>

==Resources==
Two International Convention Centers are available. Sorocaba's three main newspapers are the ''Jornal Bom Dia'', [[Cruzeiro do Sul (newspaper)|''Cruzeiro do Sul'']] and the ''Diário de Sorocaba''.

==Sights==
There are many parks open to the public, such as historical churches, walking and racing courses, historical monuments, museums, mausoleums and memorials, various spas and horse farms. The municipal [[Zoo]] "Quinzinho de Barros", is one of the largest zoos in [[South America]].

==Sport==
The main sporting venue in the city is [[Estádio Municipal Walter Ribeiro]]. The city's main association football team is [[Esporte Clube São Bento|EC São Bento]]. There is also a second team [[Clube Atlético Sorocaba|Atlético Sorocaba]] which in October 2016 the professional team licensed the professional competitions. [[Liga Sorocabana de Basquete]] is the city's main basketball team. There is a futsal team named [[Sorocaba Futsal|Magnus Futsal]] which the main title were 2016 and 2018 [[Intercontinental Futsal Cup]].

== Transport ==
Railway - Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana

=== Airport ===
[[Sorocaba Airport]] is used by small aircraft and it is served by almost no commercial flights. The services provided are mainly for cargo transport.

[[Azul Brazilian Airlines]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.voeazul.com.br/aspx/servicoOnibusSorocaba.aspx | title=Ônibus Executivo/Sorocaba-Aeroporto de Viracopos | publisher=Azul Brazilian Airlines | language=pt | access-date=2011-03-27 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407180635/http://www.voeazul.com.br/aspx/servicoOnibusSorocaba.aspx | archive-date=2011-04-07 }}</ref> offers free bus transfers for its passengers between Sorocaba and [[Viracopos International Airport|Campinas-Viracopos International Airport]] at regular times.

=== Highways ===
* [[SP-75]]     - [[Rodovia Santos Dumont|Rod. Santos Dumont (Sorocaba - Campinas)]]
* [[SP-79]]     - [[SP-79|Rod. Waldomiro Correa de Camargo (Sorocaba - Itu), Rod. Raimundo Antunes Soares (Sorocaba - Piedade)]]
* [[SP-91/270]] -  Rodovia Dr. Celso Charuri (interligação entre as rodovias Raposo Tavares e Senador José Ermírio de Morais (Castelinho)
* [[SP-97]]     - [[SP-97|Rod. Emerenciano Prestes de Barros (Sorocaba - Porto Feliz)]]
* [[SP-264]]    - [[SP-264|Rod. João Leme dos Santos (Sorocaba - Salto de Pirapora)]]
* [[SP-270]]    - [[Rodovia Raposo Tavares|Rod. Raposo Tavares (Sorocaba - São Paulo, Sorocaba - Presidente Prudente)]]
* [[SP-280]]    - [[Rodovia Castelo Branco|Rod. Castelo Branco (Sorocaba - São Paulo, Sorocaba - Ourinhos e Norte do Paraná)]]
* [[SP-354]]    - [[SP-354|Rod. Sorocaba - Iperó]]

=== Urban Transport ===
Sorocaba has four urban bus terminals: São Paulo,Santo Antônio,Vitória Régia and São Bento.

=== Bike/cycle lanes ===
The city has 60 kilometers of bike lanes created in the city's main avenues, and it can be crossed only using bicycles for transportation. The planning of the municipality provides for the construction of the largest cycling network in [[Latin America]] in coming years and implement a public bike system, similar to European cities as [[Barcelona]] and [[Paris]].
Sorocaba is currently the second-largest cycling loop of Brazil, after [[Rio de Janeiro]].

==Administration==
{{See also|List of mayors of Sorocaba}}
The current mayor is [[Rodrigo Maganhato]] ([[Republicans (Brazil)|REPUBLICANOS]]), who has been in office since January 1, 2021.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Brazil}}
Sorocaba is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Vereadores de Anyang visitam Câmara de Sorocaba|url=https://www.jornalcruzeiro.com.br/sorocaba/informacao-livre/vereadores-de-anyang-visitam-camara-de-sorocaba/|website=jornalcruzeiro.com.br|publisher=Jornal Cruzeiro do Sul|language=pt|date=2019-10-31|access-date=2020-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Por que Sorocaba recebe tanta visita de comitiva de chineses? Mistério|url=https://odedaquestao.com.br/por-que-sorocaba-recebe-tanta-visita-de-comitiva-de-chineses-misterio/|website=odedaquestao.com.br|publisher=O Deda Questão|language=pt|date=2018-11-28|access-date=2020-06-16}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Anyang, Gyeonggi|Anyang]], [[Gyeonggi-do]], South Korea
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Nanchang]], [[Jiangxi]],  China
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Hegyvidék]], Hungary
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wuxi]], [[Jiangsu]], China

==Notable people==
*[[Átila Abreu]], racing driver
*[[Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, Viscount of Porto Seguro|Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen]], diplomat and Viscount of Porto Seguro
*[[Rafael Tobias de Aguiar]], military officer and politician
*[[Marinho Peres]], football player
*[[Diego Farias]], football player

== See also ==
* [[List of municipalities in São Paulo]]
* [[Interior of São Paulo]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
*Prefeitura de Sorocaba [http://www.sorocaba.sp.gov.br "Conhecendo a sua Cidade"], ''Conheça Sorocaba'', November 13, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007.
*Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/default.php "Cidades@"], ''Sorocaba'', November 13, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.sorocaba.sp.gov.br/ Prefeitura de Sorocaba]   Prefecture, City Hall
* [https://www.sorocabadigital.com.br/ Portal da cidade]
{{Municipalities of São Paulo}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sorocaba| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1654]]
[[Category:1654 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]