View source for Southwest Chief

{{Short description|Amtrak service between Chicago and Los Angeles}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name               = ''Southwest Chief''
| image              = Southwest_Chief_at_Laguna,_February_2020.jpg
| image_width        = 300px
| caption            = ''Southwest Chief'' in February 2020
| type               = [[Inter-city rail|Inter-city]] [[higher-speed rail]]
| status             = <!-- Only use when line is non-operational -->
| locale             = [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] and [[Southwestern United States]]
| predecessor        = ''[[Super Chief]]'', ''[[El Capitan (train)|El Capitan]]''
| first              = {{Start date|1974|05|19}} (as ''Southwest Limited'') <br/> {{Start date|1984|10|28}} (as ''Southwest Chief'')
| operator           = [[Amtrak]]
| ridership2         = {{Amtrak route ridership|Southwest Chief}}
| start              = {{amtk|Chicago}}, Illinois
| stops              = 31
| end                = {{amtk|Los Angeles}}, California
| distance           = {{Convert|2265|mi|abbr=out}}
| journeytime        = 43 hours
| frequency          = Daily
| trainnumber        = 3 (westbound)<br />4 (eastbound)
| class              = Coach Class<br />First Class Sleeper Service
| access             = Train lower level, all stations
| sleeping           = {{Unbulleted list
   | Roomette (2 beds)
   | Bedroom (2 beds)
   | Bedroom Suite (4 beds)
   | Accessible Bedroom (2 beds)
   | Family Bedroom (4 beds)
   }}
| catering           = [[Superliner (railcar)#Dining cars|Dining car]], [[Superliner (railcar)#Lounges|Café]]
| observation        = [[Superliner (railcar)#Lounges|Sightseer lounge car]]
| baggage            = Overhead racks, checked baggage available at selected stations
| stock              = [[GE Genesis]] locomotives<br />[[Superliner (railcar)|Superliner]]
| gauge              = {{Track_gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| speed              = {{Convert|55|mph|abbr=on}} ({{Tooltip|avg.|average speed (including stops)}})<br />{{cvt|90|mph|0}} ({{Tooltip|top|top speed}})
| owners             = [[BNSF Railway|BNSF]], [[New Mexico Rail Runner Express|NMRX]]
| map                = {{switcher
|{{maplink-road|id=Q770386}}
|Show interactive map
|{{Southwest Chief|inline=1}}
|Show route diagram map
}}
}}

The '''''Southwest Chief''''' (formerly the '''''Southwest Limited''''' and '''''Super Chief''''') is a [[Amtrak Long Distance|long-distance]] [[passenger train]] operated by [[Amtrak]] on a {{convert|2265|mi|adj=on}} route between [[Chicago]] and [[Los Angeles]] through the [[Midwest]] and [[American Southwest|Southwest]] via [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], and [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]] mostly on the BNSF's [[Southern Transcon]], but branches off between Albuquerque and Kansas City via the Topeka, [[La Junta Subdivision|La Junta]], [[Raton Pass|Raton]], and [[Glorieta Pass|Glorieta Subdivision]]. Amtrak bills the route as one of its most scenic, with views of the [[Painted Desert (Arizona)|Painted Desert]] and the Red Cliffs of [[Sedona, Arizona|Sedona]], as well as the plains of Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado.

During [[fiscal year]] 2024, the ''Southwest Chief'' carried 261,485 passengers, a 3% increase from FY2023.<ref name="ridership2023">{{Cite web |title=Amtrak FY23 Ridership |url=https://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/FY24-Year-End-Ridership-Fact-Sheet.pdf}}</ref> However, this is a 22.7% decrease from its pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership of 338,180 passengers in FY2019.<ref name=FY1819>{{cite web| url=http://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/FY19-Year-End-Revenue-and-Ridership.pdf| title=Amtrak FY19 Ridership}}</ref> The route grossed {{US$|43,184,176|link=yes}} in revenue during FY 2016, a 3.8% decrease from FY 2017.<ref name=FY16>{{Cite web |title=Amtrak FY16 Ridership |date=April 17, 2017 |publisher=[[Amtrak]] |url=http://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Amtrak-FY16-Ridership-and-Revenue-Fact-Sheet-4_17_17-mm-edits.pdf}}</ref>

== History ==

{{see also|Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway#Passenger service}}

[[File:ATSF 39C with Super Chief 3 71 LAUPTx4 (18285239272).jpg|thumb|''Super Chief'' arriving in [[Los Angeles Union Station|Los Angeles]] on the last day Santa Fe operated passenger services, April 30, 1971.]]

[[File:ATSF F3A 17C with Train 20, The Chief taken from the cab of F7a 309L at Morley, Colorado on August 19, 1967 (22071611823).jpg|thumb|The ''[[Chief (train)|Chief]]'' passing through Morley, Colorado in August 1967. Amtrak briefly reestablished service in the Summer 1972, supplementing it with the ''Super Chief/El Capitan.'']]

[[File:ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO SCENERY ATTRACT PASSENGERS TO THE DOME CAR OF THE SOUTHWEST LIMITED, AN OVERNIGHT TRAIN FROM... - NARA - 555976.jpg|thumb|''Southwest Limited'' dome car, 1974.  Photo by [[Charles O'Rear]].]]
The ''Southwest Chief'' is the successor to the ''[[Super Chief]]'', which was inaugurated in 1936 as the flagship train of the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] (ATSF). For most of its existence, it was "all-[[Pullman (car or coach)|Pullman]]", carrying sleeping cars only. The Santa Fe merged the ''Super Chief'' with its all-coach counterpart, the ''[[El Capitan (train)|El Capitan]]'', in 1958. The merged train was known as the ''Super Chief/El Capitan'', but retained the train numbers used by the ''Super Chief'', 17 westbound and 18 eastbound.

{{see also|List of railroads eligible to participate in the formation of Amtrak}} 

When Amtrak was created, Santa Fe was chosen as one of the railroads to participate in the formation of the new company.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sanders|2006|pp=7–8}}</ref> Initially, ATSF wanted to retain operation of its famous ''Chiefs''. However, any railroad that opted out of Amtrak would have been required to operate ''all'' of its passenger routes until at least 1976. This led to Santa Fe turning over all the operation of its main passenger services to Amtrak on May 1, 1971.<ref name="Santa Fe">{{Cite web|url=http://www.streamlinerschedules.com/concourse/track8/grandcanyon197104.html|title=Santa Fe trains 23 and 24 - April, 1971 - Streamliner Schedules|website=Streamlinerschedules.com|access-date=October 2, 2023}}</ref> Some services such as the ''[[San Francisco Chief]]'' which ran between Chicago and the [[Bay Area]] via [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]], [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]], [[Belen Cutoff]], [[Barstow, California|Barstow]] and [[Bakersfield]] were discontinued by Santa Fe the day before the transfer of the ''Super Chief/El Capitan'' operations to Amtrak. The prospect of being left alone with the operation of its less successful routes soon led ATSF to definitively cease the services that still remained under its operations, withdrawing completely from the passenger trains business.<ref name="Santa Fe" />

Initially Amtrak retained the ''Super Chief''/''El Capitan'' names with Santa Fe's permission.<ref name="sanders" />{{rp|123}} From June 11 to September 10, 1972, Amtrak operated the ''[[Chief (train)|Chief]]'', a second Chicago–Los Angeles train along the same route, reviving the name of another notable Chicago–Los Angeles sleeper train operated by the Santa Fe. This was the only occasion on which Amtrak ran a second train to duplicate a long-distance service outside the New York–Florida corridor.<ref name=sanders />{{rp|123–124}} Amtrak dropped the ''El Capitan'' designation on April 19, 1973,<ref name="sanders" />{{rp|125}} truncating only the name to ''Super Chief'', and on March 7, 1974, the Santa Fe directed Amtrak to stop using the ''Super Chief'' and ''[[Texas Chief]]'' (another notable service originally operated by Santa Fe and which between Chicago and [[Newton, Kansas]] shared route with the ''Super Chief/El Capitan''. Amtrak also took over that service in 1971, although after complaints filed by Santa Fe, it was renamed ''Lone Star''.) names due to a perceived reduction in the quality of services, after the Amtrak takeover. In October 1980 the ''Southwest Limited'' began running with the new coaches [[Superliner (railcar)|Superliner]] I built by [[Pullman Company|Pullman-Standard]], being the fourth of Amtrak's western long-distance trains to be equipped with the new coaches (already running with such cars were the ''[[San Francisco Zephyr]]'', ''[[Desert Wind]]'' and ''[[Empire Builder]]''). On November 30, 1981, Amtrak replaced the ex-''Super Chief'' "Pleasure Dome" and "[[Hi-Level]]" cars on the ''Southwest Limited'' with new superliners, completing the replacement of the original old ''Super Chief'' cars with the new cars.<ref name="sanders" />{{rp|128}} The old Hi-Level coaches used on the ''El Capitan'' inspired the design for the Superliners.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sanders|2006|p=133}}</ref> Santa Fe managers, impressed by the design of the new Superliners, permitted Amtrak to restore the name ''Chief'' to the train, and Amtrak renamed it the ''Southwest Chief'' on October 28, 1984.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sanders|2006|p=128}}</ref> In September 1993, the ''Chief'' was the first of Amtrak's western long-distance trains to receive the new Superliner II sleeping coaches built by [[Bombardier Transportation]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sanders|2006|p=134}}</ref>

[[File:Southwest Limited Photos (28780374161).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Two locomotives leading several railcars through the desert|The ''Southwest Limited'' with a mix of Superliners and Hi-Level cars in March 1981]]

In 1979, the ''Southwest Chief/Limited'' route between Kansas City and Emporia was shifted in order to maintain service to Topeka and Lawrence, which would otherwise have lost service when the ''[[Texas Chief]]/Lone Star'' was discontinued. Until the 1979 realignment via Topeka, service operated via the direct route between Kansas City and Emporia, via [[Olathe, Kansas|Olathe]], [[Gardner, Kansas|Gardner]] and [[Ottawa, Kansas|Ottawa]].

===1990s===

The western portion of the [[Pasadena Subdivision]] was converted to the [[L Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Gold Line]]<!--name at the time--> in the 1990s, requiring the ''Southwest Chief'' to be rerouted to the [[San Bernardino Subdivision]] between Los Angeles and San Bernardino. Eastbound service was rerouted on November 28, 1993, replacing the stops at {{amtk|Pasadena}} and {{amtk|Pomona||Southwest Chief}} with {{amtk|Fullerton}}. Westbound service was rerouted on January 15, 1994.<ref name=sanders>{{Sanders-Heartland}}</ref>{{rp|131}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/pasadena-star-news/125751668/ |title=The Last Train Out |newspaper=Pasadena Star-News |date=January 15, 1994 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> An additional stop at {{amtk|Riverside}} was added on April 29, 2002.<!--Sanders mistakenly says 2000--><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.greatamericanstations.com/stations/riverside-ca-riv/ |title=Riverside, CA (RIV) |publisher=Amtrak |work=Great American Stations}}</ref>

[[File:Sept. 1985, Galesburg Sante Fe Amtrak station.jpeg|thumb|200px|The old Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (AT&SF) station in Galesburg. Following the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe merger in 1995, BNSF built a connector track at Cameron, southwest of Galesburg, and the ''Chief'' was rerouted to the former Burlington tracks and began stopping at the station located on the Burlington line, instead of the Santa Fe Station. As the ''Chief'' ceased operations via Joliet, Streator and Chillicothe, the former Santa Fe Station in Galesburg was closed and then demolished.]]

Prior to 1996, the ''Southwest Chief'' operated in Illinois between [[Chicago Union Station|Chicago]] and {{amtk|Galesburg}} via the ATSF's Chillicothe Subdivision, stopping at {{amtk|Joliet}}, {{amtk|Streator}}, and [[Chillicothe station (Illinois)|Chillicothe]].  Following the merger between Burlington Northern and Santa Fe that gave birth to BNSF in 1995, a [[Cameron Connector|connector track]] was built near [[Cameron, Illinois|Cameron]], southwest of Galesburg, which would allow freight and passenger trains to transfer from the Chillicothe Subdivision to the BN Mendota Subdivision, the former [[Chicago and Aurora Railroad]] / [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad|Chicago, Burlington & Quincy - CB&Q]] tracks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.donwinter.com/Railroad%20Infrastructure%20and%20Traffic%20Data/Trunk%20Routes/Santa%20Fe%20Transcon/Route%20Descriptions/Galesburg%20to%20Streator.htm |title=Galesburg to Streator |website=Donwinter.com |access-date=July 7, 2016 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193147/http://www.donwinter.com/Railroad%20Infrastructure%20and%20Traffic%20Data/Trunk%20Routes/Santa%20Fe%20Transcon/Route%20Descriptions/Galesburg%20to%20Streator.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref>  The ''Chief'' was rerouted by the Mendota Subdivision through {{amtk|Naperville}}, {{amtk|Princeton}}, and {{amtk|Mendota}} to Galesburg, a route shared with the ''[[California Zephyr]]'' long distance service, and the [[Amtrak Midwest]] ''[[Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg]]'' services. ''Southwest Chief'' service to Joliet, Streator and Chillicothe was dropped as part of the realignment, although Joliet continues to see Amtrak service from other trains. The ''Chief'' realignment through the Cameron Connector to the Mendota Sub tracks caused Amtrak to concentrate all of its Galesburg operations in the [[Galesburg (Amtrak station)|present station]], and the [[Santa Fe Railway Depot (Galesburg, Illinois)|station]] building along the former Santa Fe line was closed and later demolished.<ref name="RM">{{cite news|url=http://www.galesburg.com/news/x1107764444/Freight-train-derails-in-Bureau-County|title=Galesburg Amtrak service detoured|author=John R. Pulliam|newspaper=Galesburg Register-Mail|date=December 21, 2009|accessdate=April 16, 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003161644/http://www.galesburg.com/news/x1107764444/Freight-train-derails-in-Bureau-County|archivedate=October 3, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Zephyr">{{cite news|url=http://www.thezephyr.com/archives/santafe.htm|title=Did Galesburg businessmen really need to pay to bring the Santa Fe Railway to Town?|author=Rex Cherrington|newspaper=The Zephyr|date=June 20, 1996|location=Galesburg, Illinois|accessdate=April 16, 2011}}</ref>

In January 1994, the ''Southwest Chief'' was rerouted between San Bernardino and Los Angeles onto the [[Southern Transcon|Santa Fe Third District]] via Fullerton and Riverside. Previously, it served Pasadena and Pomona via the Santa Fe [[Pasadena Subdivision]], which was closed to all through traffic following damage to a bridge over the eastbound lanes of [[Interstate 210 and State Route 210 (California)|Interstate 210]] in Arcadia during the [[Northridge Earthquake]].

Between 1997 and 1998, Amtrak operated the ''Southwest Chief'' in conjunction with the Washington–Chicago ''[[Capitol Limited (Amtrak train)|Capitol Limited]]''. The two trains used the same [[Superliner (railcar)|Superliner]] equipment sets and passengers traveling on both trains could remain aboard during the layover in Chicago. Originally announced in 1996, Amtrak planned to call this through service ''National Chief'' and assign it its own numbers (15/16), but the name and numbers were never used. Amtrak dropped the practice with its May 1998 timetable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amtrak National Timetable |date=November 10, 1996 |access-date=March 14, 2010 |website=Timetables.org |url=http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19961110n&item=0040 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728110848/http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19961110n&item=0040 |archive-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amtrak National Timetable |date=May 11, 1997 |access-date=March 14, 2010 | url=http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19970511n&item=0024 |website=Timetables.org  |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728110918/http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19970511n&item=0024 |archive-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amtrak National Timetable |date=May 17, 1998 |access-date=March 14, 2010 |url=http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19980517n&item=0046 |website=Timetables.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728111016/http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19980517n&item=0046 |archive-date=July 28, 2011}}</ref>

=== 2010s ===
[[File:Southwestchieftrinidad.jpg|thumb|''Southwest Chief''&nbsp;#4 arriving at Trinidad, CO]]

The ''Southwest Chief'' was one of five routes studied for possible performance improvements by Amtrak in FY 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/676/676/PRIIA-section-210-FY-12-performance-improvement-plan-amtrak,0.pdf |title=PRIIA Section 210 FY12 Performance Improvement Plan |website=Amtrak |access-date=July 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819130717/https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/676/676/PRIIA-section-210-FY-12-performance-improvement-plan-amtrak,0.pdf |archive-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref>

The part of the ''Southwest Chief's'' route in western Kansas, southeastern Colorado, and northeastern New Mexico faced uncertainty throughout the 2010s.

In 2012, BNSF informed Amtrak that they had to assume part of the maintenance costs for the section of the line between La Junta and Lamy (Raton and Glorieta Subdivisions), justifying the near-zero freight traffic over it, if they wanted to keep running passenger rail over the route.<ref>BNSF, by eliminating almost all of the freight traffic running on the Raton and Glorieta Subs and rerouting it to the Southern Transcon, left the Southwest Chief as the only train using that section of the route.</ref><ref>[http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2014a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/487518C973F8421487257C30000703C4?open&file=1161_enr.pdf Colorado State Legislature, '''Preserve & Expand Amtrak Interstate Rail Service'''] p2 Section 1(b)(c)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-travel-southwest-chief-train-2019-story.html|title=Amtrak's Southwest Chief lives to ride the rails another day|last=Zimmermann|first=Karl|date=September 2, 2019|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|access-date=September 3, 2019}}</ref> BNSF also said that they would be lowering the [[Rail speed limits in the United States|track class]] on the portion of the ''Southwest Chief's'' route between Hutchinson and La Junta from Class IV to Class III and decreasing the passenger train speed limit from {{Cvt|79|mph}} to {{Cvt|60|mph}}.

In return, BNSF proposed rerouting the ''Southwest Chief'' from the affected sections of track to its [[Southern Transcon]] via Wichita, Amarillo, and Clovis—the same route once used by the ''[[San Francisco Chief]]''. To avoid a reroute, Amtrak sought help from the affected states—Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico.<ref>Fred W. Frailey, "Minus its backbone, Amtrak makes a tempting target," Trains, August 2010, 18.</ref> The states eventually contributed money toward rebuilding and rehabilitating the tracks—much of it obtained from federal transportation grants—and the route was not changed.

However, this same part of the ''Southwest Chief's'' route was threatened again in 2018 when it became the focal point of a struggle to determine whether to continue Amtrak as a national network or to operate regional stand-alone networks.<ref name=Boardman>Joseph A. Boardman, [https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/intercity/amtrak-where-is-the-public-input-where-is-the-transparency/ "Where is the public input? Where is the transparency?"] Railway Age, May 10, 2018.</ref> The issue arose when Amtrak introduced new requirements for the third renewal grant and raised previously undiscussed technical issues.<ref>Jim Souby, "Amtrak gets big boost from Congress, grant from DOT, reviews long-distance trains," ColoRail Passenger, Issue 84, 2018, 5.</ref> A letter dated May 31, 2018, co-signed by 11 Senators, condemned the action and urged providing the match.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/4/2/42517b7d-8aa5-4c93-8263-0fccf0e0b9b8/814322495A57FC491DBE3C28013E2DC8.5.31.18-sw-chief-letter.pdf|title="We write to express our deep concern... "}}</ref> In an open letter, former Amtrak President and CEO [[Joseph H. Boardman]] said, "The ''Southwest Chief'' issue is the battleground whose outcome will determine the fate of American’s national interconnected rail passenger network".<ref name="Boardman" />

In June 2018, Amtrak announced that it was considering the replacement of rail service along the Kansas portion of the ''Southwest Chief'' with [[Amtrak Thruway]] buses between Albuquerque and Dodge City, where train service east to Chicago would resume.<ref>Ben Kuebrich, [http://kcur.org/post/amtrak-may-end-passenger-rail-service-west-kansas-moran-amtrak-not-doing-its-job#stream/0 "Amtrak May End Passenger Rail Service In West Kansas. Moran: 'Amtrak Is Not Doing Its Job'"], KCUR</ref> Senators in the affected area succeeded in offering an amendment to a funding bill. Per a press release from the office of co-sponsor Senator [[Jerry Moran]], "This amendment would provide resources for maintenance and safety improvements along the Southwest Chief route and would compel Amtrak to fulfill its promise of matching funding for the successful TIGER IX discretionary grant ... In addition, this amendment would effectively reverse Amtrak’s decision to substitute rail service with bus service over large segments of the route through FY2019".<ref>[https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2018/8/senate-approves-moran-udall-amendment-to-maintain-southwest-chief-train-services Senate Approves Moran, Udall Amendment to Maintain Southwest Chief Train Services] Senator Jerry Moran official website August 1, 2018</ref>

===2020s===

In February 2020, USDOT granted $225,000 toward studying a ''Southwest Chief'' spur train service that would run to [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]], via Pueblo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senators land $225k to study adding Amtrak spur in Colorado Springs |url=https://www.koaa.com/news/covering-colorado/senators-land-225k-to-study-adding-amtrak-spur-in-colorado-springs |website=KOAA News 5 Southern Colorado |date=February 29, 2020 |access-date=March 3, 2020}}</ref> This follows prior plans to add service to Pueblo and connect with the proposed [[Front Range Passenger Rail]] service between Denver and Pueblo. It would have also run along former Colorado & Southern tracks through Walsenburg, reconnecting with its current alignment at Trinidad.{{when|date=July 2024}}{{cn|date=July 2024}}

In May 2022, the Missouri General Assembly approved $1 million of state funds to establish a ''Southwest Chief'' [[infill station]] in [[Carrollton, Missouri|Carrollton]], between the [[Kansas City Union Station|Kansas City]] and [[La Plata station|La Plata]] stations. If approved by the governor, the state funds would have to be [[Matching funds#Government projects|matched]] by local agencies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tingerthal |first=Tom |date=May 9, 2022 |title=Carrollton Approved For AMTRAK Stop Funding |url=https://kchi.com/2022/05/09/carrollton-approved-for-amtrak-stop-funding/ |access-date=May 21, 2022 |website=KCHI Radio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2022 |title=State Rep. Peggy McGaugh and State Sen. Denny Hoskins Announce Funding for Amtrak Station in Carrollton |url=https://themissouritimes.com/state-rep-peggy-mcgaugh-and-state-sen-denny-hoskins-announce-funding-for-amtrak-station-in-carrollton/ |access-date=May 21, 2022 |website=The Missouri Times |language=en}}</ref>

===Incidents===
On October 2, 1979, the ''Southwest Limited'' derailed at [[Lawrence, Kansas]]. Of the 30 crew and 147 passengers on board, two were killed and 69 were injured. The cause was excessive speed on a curve. Underlying causes included the engineer's unfamiliarity with the route and speed restriction signage having been removed during track repairs.<ref name="RAR804">{{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/RAR8004.pdf |title=Derailment of Amtrak train No. 4 The Southwest Limited on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company Lawrence, Kansas October 2, 1979 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |date=April 29, 1980 |access-date=March 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217030130/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/RAR8004.pdf |archive-date=February 17, 2017}}</ref>

On August 9, 1997, the eastbound ''Southwest Chief'' derailed about 5 miles northeast of [[Kingman, Arizona]], when a bridge whose undergirding had been washed out by a flash flood and severe rains, collapsed under the weight of the train, which was traveling close to {{cvt|90|mph|0}}. While the lead locomotive stayed on the track, the three locomotives, nine passenger cars, and seven baggage and mail cars derailed. All stayed upright. One car straddled the gap of the washed out portion of the bridge. No one was killed out of the 325 passengers and crew aboard the train, though 154 were injured.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-10-mn-21294-story.html |title=Train From L.A. Derails in Arizona; 154 Injured |last1=Riccardi |first1=Nicholas |date=August 10, 1997 |last2=Gorman |first2=Tom |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |issn=0458-3035 |access-date=November 22, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122160819/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/aug/10/news/mn-21294 |archive-date=November 22, 2016}}</ref>

On October 16, 1999, the westbound ''Southwest Chief'' suffered a minor derailment near [[Ludlow, California]], following the [[1999 Hector Mine earthquake|Hector Mine earthquake]]. All the cars stayed upright and four passengers were injured.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueeZAgAAQBAJ&q=October+16%2C+1999%2C+the+westbound+Southwest+Chief+s&pg=PT264 |title=Earthquake Storms: An Unauthorized Biography of the San Andreas Fault |last=Dvorak |first=John |date=February 4, 2014 |publisher=Open Road Media |isbn=978-1-4804-4786-8 |location=New York |page=264 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122220633/http://www.trainweb.com/news/1999j16a.html#stash.1DDfkXxB.dpbs |archive-date=November 22, 2016}}</ref>

On March 15, 2000, at 2 in the morning, the ''Southwest Chief'' was rounding a curve outside of Chicago and left the tracks. Again, like 1997 and 1999 incidents, there were zero fatalities.

On March 14, 2016, the ''Southwest Chief'' [[2016 Cimarron train derailment|derailed]] {{convert|3|mi|km}} from [[Cimarron, Kansas]]. Of 14 crew and 128 passengers, 20 were injured. Investigators determined the train derailed after the tracks were knocked out of alignment by a runaway truck from a nearby farm operation that had rolled down a hill and struck the tracks after its owners failed to secure the parking brake.<ref name="BBC35801244">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-35801244 |title=Amtrak train derails in Kansas |work=BBC News |date=March 14, 2016 |access-date=March 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315093156/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-35801244 |archive-date=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>"{{Cite web |url=http://www.dodgeglobe.com/news/20160314/amtrak-train-derails-near-cimarron |title=Amtrak train derails near Cimarron |website=[[Dodge City Daily Globe]] |date=March 14, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315154310/http://www.dodgeglobe.com/news/20160314/amtrak-train-derails-near-cimarron |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |access-date=March 15, 2016 }}</ref>

On June 27, 2022, the eastbound ''Southwest Chief'' [[2022 Missouri train derailment|derailed]] after striking a dump truck at a level crossing near [[Mendon, Missouri]]. Of 12 crew and 275 passengers, 3 deaths and 150 injuries have been reported; the driver of the truck also died.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Emily |date=June 27, 2022 |title=Amtrak train with 243 passengers on board derails in Missouri; injuries reported |url=https://abc7news.com/amtrak-derailment-train-missouri-accident/11998856/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=ABC7 San Francisco |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/accidents-kansas-city-missouri-beb2a1eb6026137cb0eac0f3e65c79d4 |title=NTSB: Amtrak train was below speed limit before fatal crash |date=June 28, 2022 |work=AP News |access-date=June 30, 2022}}</ref>

== Operations ==
[[File:Southwest Chief @ Raton NM.jpg|thumb|upright|Boy Scouts unload their equipment at Raton in 2011.]]
The ''Southwest Chief'' runs up to {{cvt|90|mph|0}} along a significant portion of its route, made possible by [[automatic train stop]] systems originally installed by the Santa Fe Railway. Of Amtrak's long-distance routes, only the ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' runs faster (with a maximum speed of {{cvt|100|mph|0}} through much of Illinois).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Bob |date=May 3, 2023 |title=110 mph Schedules Coming for Amtrak Chicago-St. Louis Corridor |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/chicago-st-louis-trains-begin-110-mph-running/ |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=Trains |language=en-US}}</ref>

During the spring and summer, volunteer rangers with the Trails and Rails program from the [[National Park Service]] travel on board and provide a narrative between [[La Junta, Colorado]], and Albuquerque, New Mexico. Beginning in May 2013, Trails and Rails volunteers also boarded to provide narration between Chicago and [[La Plata, Missouri]].

From June through August, the ''Southwest Chief'' is used by [[Scouts BSA|Scouts]] traveling to and from [[Philmont Scout Ranch]] via the [[Raton station]]. During those months, Raton station is staffed by Amtrak employees and handles checked baggage.

=== Equipment ===
The ''Southwest Chief'' runs [[Superliner (railcar)|Superliner]] train sets. Trains typically consist of two [[GE Genesis|P40 or P42 locomotives]], a baggage car, three or four sleeper cars, a dining car, sightseer lounge and three coach cars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amtrak - Southwest Chief |url=http://www.trainweb.org/usarail/southwestchief.htm |access-date=September 24, 2023 |website=www.trainweb.org}}</ref><ref name=march2025>{{Cite news |date=February 25, 2025 |title=Texas Eagle lounge car set to return; other long-distance trains to gain capacity |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/texas-eagle-lounge-car-set-to-return-other-long-distance-trains-to-gain-capacity/ |access-date=March 4, 2025 |newspaper=Trains News Wire}}</ref> If demand warrants, a fourth coach is added between Chicago and Kansas City. [[Private railroad car|Private cars]] or [[Dead mileage|deadhead cars]] also sometimes ride along.<ref>{{cite web |title=On Track On Line – Superliner Sleeper Names |url=http://on-track-on-line.com/amtkrinf-suprname.shtml |website=on-track-on-line.com |access-date=April 12, 2021}}</ref>  {{Clear left}}

As is already happening on all its long-distance routes, Amtrak will replace the P42DCs with modern [[Siemens ALC-42]] locomotives by 2027, and the Superliner cars with [[Viewliner#Future cars|new long-distance cars]] by 2032.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/businessplanning/Amtrak-Service-Asset-Line-Plans-FY22-27.pdf |title=FY 2022-2027 Service and Asset Line Plans |page=133 |publisher=Amtrak |year=2021}}</ref>

== Route ==
{{More citations needed section|date=December 2023}}
{{Wide image|Amtrak Southwest Chief.jpg|800px|Amtrak Southwest Chief|align-cap=center}}

[[File:Westbound_Southwest_Chief_on_Raton_Pass.jpg|thumb|300px|The ''Chief'' emerging from the Raton Pass Tunnel in the [[Sangre de Cristo Mountains]], the highest point on the route.]]

The westbound train is Amtrak number 3 (number 4 eastbound). Upon leaving [[Chicago Union Station]], the train travels along the [[Metra]] [[BNSF Line]] and the Mendota Subdivision, with an intermediate stops in [[Naperville, Illinois|Naperville]], [[Mendota, Illinois|Mendota]] and [[Galesburg, Illinois|Galesburg]], [[Illinois]].

After leaving Galesburg, the train enters the [[Cameron Connector]] and then enters the [[Southern Transcon]]. Between [[Niota, Illinois]] and [[Fort Madison, Iowa]], the train crosses the [[Mississippi River]] via the historic [[Fort Madison Toll Bridge|Santa Fe Swing Span Bridge]] before stopping at the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Passenger and Freight Complex Historic District|historic Santa Fe station]]. Until 2021 the service stopped at the [[Fort Madison station (1968–2021)|station]] located in the BNSF yard, west of Fort Madison downtown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatamericanstations.com/stations/fort-madison-ia-fmd/| title=Fort Madison, IA (FMD)| website=The Great American Stations| publisher=Amtrak| access-date=November 26, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amtrak System Timetables |url=http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=20100510&item=0015 |via=Museum of Railway Timetables |publisher=Amtrak |page=12 |date=May 10, 2010}}</ref> After leaving Fort Madison, the train travels in a southwest direction, stopping at [[La Plata station|La Plata]],<ref>[http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/LAP/Station_view La Plata(LAP) – Great American Stations (Amtrak)]</ref> before arriving shortly after 9 p.m. at [[Kansas City Union Station]]. Before reaching Kansas City, the train crosses the [[Missouri River]] via the [[Sibley Railroad Bridge|Sibley Bridge]].

After Kansas City, the train travels overnight through southern Kansas, with stops at [[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence]], [[Topeka]], [[Newton, Kansas|Newton]], [[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]], [[Dodge City, Kansas|Dodge City]] and [[Garden City, Kansas|Garden City]], before stopping at [[Lamar, Colorado|Lamar]], the service's first stop in Colorado, shortly before sunrise. After leaving Lamar, the ''Chief'' continues its journey into Colorado, with stops at [[La Junta, Colorado|La Junta]],<ref>[http://atsf.railfan.net/depots/lajunta.html ATSF La Junta Depot (Surviving Santa Fe Depots)]</ref> where the train turns south, and at [[Trinidad, Colorado|Trinidad]], this being the last stop of the Colorado service before entering the state of [[New Mexico]], cresting [[Sangre de Cristo Mountains]] at [[Raton Pass]].

[[File:Southwest Chief at Los Cerrillos, February 2020.jpg|thumb|300px|The ''Chief'' passing by one of the semaphores still operating at that time on the NMDOT section of the route, near [[Los Cerrillos, New Mexico]]. In 2024 NMDOT eliminated the semaphores still in operation on its section of the route, with only 11 surviving blades remaining currently in operation near [[Wagon Mound, New Mexico|Wagon Mound]], Levy and Colmor, on BNSF's Raton Subdivision.<ref name=semaphores>{{Cite news |last=Gunnoe |first=Chase |date= August 19, 2024 |title=More semaphores fall on Southwest Chief route |language=en-US |work=Trains Magazine |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/more-semaphores-fall-on-southwest-chief-route/ |access-date=October 30, 2024}}</ref><ref name=semaphores2>{{Cite news |date= August 19, 2024 |title=More Santa Fe Semaphores Fall in New Mexico |language=en-US |work=Railfan & Railroad Magazine |url=https://railfan.com/more-santa-fe-semaphores-fall-in-new-mexico/ |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref>]]

The portion of the route between La Junta and Albuquerque (Raton and Glorieta Subdivisions) is known for having some of the last active [[Railway semaphore signal|semaphores]] on a Class I railroad mainline, dating back to the ATSF era. Little and/or no freight traffic on those portions of the Chief's route is what caused the semaphores to last until the present day, although over time many were removed by both BNSF and [[New Mexico Department of Transportation|NMDOT]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Franz |first=Justin |date= October 7, 2022 |title=Santa Fe Semaphores Slated for Replacement in New Mexico |language=en-US |work=Railfan & Railroad Magazine |url=https://railfan.com/santa-fe-semaphores-slated-for-replacement-in-new-mexico/ |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> whilst no longer in active use, they currently remain at their present location.

In August 2024, the last semaphores located on the NMDOT section of the route (former 4th Santa Fe District / Glorieta Subdivision) of the line between WSS Lamy and Waldo siding, near [[Los Cerrillos, New Mexico|Los Cerrillos]], leaving only 11 surviving blades remaining in operation on the BNSF's Raton Subdivision. Here, three semaphores protect East End Colmor Siding; three at West End Levy Siding , two intermediates between West Levy and East [[Wagon Mound, New Mexico|Wagon Mound]], and three at East Wagon Mound.<ref name=semaphores/><ref name=semaphores2/> From BNSF there is no timeline when the 11 last semaphores will be replaced.<ref name=semaphores/>

After descending from Raton Pass, the train continues its travel in direction south, stopping at [[Raton, New Mexico|Raton]], and [[Las Vegas, New Mexico|Las Vegas]]. After Las Vegas, the train climbs the slopes of Sangre de Cristo Mountains once again, reaching the summit at [[Glorieta Pass]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/LSV|title=Las Vegas Station|publisher=Amtrak's Great American Stations|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129014618/http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/LSV|url-status=dead}}</ref> After descending from Glorieta Pass, the ''Chief'' arrives in [[Lamy station|Lamy]] the last stop before reaching [[Alvarado Transportation Center]] in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/business/santa-fe-southern-owner-end-of-line-for-tourist-trains-to-lamy/article_6f2b81db-9e29-5381-8581-6f3b8a9d34a2.html#:~:text=The%20Santa%20Fe%20Southern%20Railway,for%20the%20season%20as%20usual.&text=We%20put%20it%20together%20to%20save%20service%20into%20Santa%20Fe.|title=Santa Fe Southern owner: End of line for tourist trains to Lamy|publisher=Santa Fe New Mexican|date=May 23, 2013|access-date=May 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Golightly |first=Chase |date=2021-11-19 |title=Sky Railway will roar back to life this December |url=https://www.kob.com/archive/sky-railway-will-roar-back-to-life-this-december/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=KOB.com |language=en-US}}</ref> 

Both in Lamy and Albuquerque, the train usually stops for more than 10 minutes, during which time the region's indigenous peoples (mainly [[Navajo|Navajos]]) often offer and sell travelers on board the train handicrafts, typical regional food products, and other items made by the natives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alvarado Transportation Center|url=http://www.dpsdesign.org/what-we-create/alvarado-transportation-center|publisher=Dekker/Perich/Sabatini|accessdate=January 1, 2013}}</ref>

After leaving Albuquerque, between Isleta Pueblo and Los Lunas, the train turns west and rejoins the Southern Transcon. Once on the Transcon, and continuing west, the ''Chief'' makes its stop in [[Gallup station|Gallup]], the last stop in New Mexico before entering Arizona.<ref>{{cite news |title=Time Runs Out for El Navajo |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35637784/the-gallup-independent/ |access-date=October 31, 2021 |work=The Gallup Independent |date=June 27, 1957 |page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref><ref name="Gallup Station">{{cite web|url=http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/GLP|title=Gallup Station|publisher=Amtrak's Great American Stations|accessdate=26 June 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305213438/http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/GLP/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Stations==
{| class="wikitable"
!State
!City
!Station
|-
|rowspan='5'|[[Illinois]]
|[[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]
|[[Chicago Union Station|Chicago Union]]
|-
|[[Naperville, Illinois|Naperville]]
|[[Naperville station|Naperville]]
|-
|[[Mendota, Illinois|Mendota]]
|[[Mendota station|Mendota]]
|-
|[[Princeton, Illinois|Princeton]]
|[[Princeton station (Illinois)|Princeton]]
|-
|[[Galesburg, Illinois|Galesburg]]
|[[Galesburg station|Galesburg]]
|-
|rowspan='1'|[[Iowa]]
|[[Fort Madison, Iowa|Fort Madison]]
|[[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Passenger and Freight Complex Historic District|Fort Madison]]
|-
|rowspan='2'|[[Missouri]]
|[[La Plata, Missouri|La Plata]]
|[[La Plata station|La Plata]]
|-
|[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]
|[[Kansas City Union Station|Kansas City]]
|-
|rowspan='6'|[[Kansas]]
|[[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence]]
|[[Lawrence station (Kansas)|Lawrence]]
|-
|[[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]]
|[[Topeka station|Topeka]]
|-
|[[Newton, Kansas|Newton]]
|[[Newton station (Kansas)|Newton]]
|-
|[[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]]
|[[Hutchinson station|Hutchinson]]
|-
|[[Dodge City, Kansas|Dodge City]]
|[[Dodge City station|Dodge City]]
|-
|[[Garden City, Kansas|Garden City]]
|[[Garden City station (Kansas)|Garden City]]
|-
|rowspan='3'|[[Colorado]]
|[[Lamar, Colorado|Lamar]]
|[[Lamar station (Amtrak)|Lamar]]
|-
|[[La Junta, Colorado|La Junta]]
|[[La Junta station|La Junta]]
|-
|[[Trinidad, Colorado|Trinidad]]
|[[Trinidad station (Colorado)|Trinidad]]
|-
|rowspan='5'|[[New Mexico]]
|[[Raton, New Mexico|Raton]]
|[[Raton station|Raton]]
|-
|[[Las Vegas, New Mexico|Las Vegas]]
|[[Las Vegas station (New Mexico)|Las Vegas]]
|-
|[[Lamy, New Mexico|Lamy]]
|[[Lamy station|Lamy]]
|-
|[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]
|[[Alvarado Transportation Center|Albuquerque]]
|-
|[[Gallup, New Mexico|Gallup]]
|[[Gallup station|Gallup]]
|-
|rowspan='3'|[[Arizona]]
|[[Winslow, Arizona|Winslow]]
|[[Winslow station (Arizona)|Winslow]]
|-
|[[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]]
|[[Flagstaff station|Flagstaff]]
|-
|[[Kingman, Arizona|Kingman]]
|[[Kingman station|Kingman]]
|-
|rowspan='7'|[[California]]
|[[Needles, California|Needles]]
|[[El Garces Intermodal Transportation Facility|Needles]]
|-
|[[Barstow, California|Barstow]]
|[[Barstow Harvey House|Barstow]]
|-
|[[Victorville, California|Victorville]]
|[[Victor Valley Transportation Center|Victorville]]
|-
|[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]]
|[[San Bernardino Santa Fe Depot|San Bernardino]]
|-
|[[Riverside, California|Riverside]]
|[[Riverside–Downtown station|Riverside]]
|-
|[[Fullerton, California|Fullerton]]
|[[Fullerton Transportation Center|Fullerton]]
|-
|[[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]
|[[Los Angeles Union Station|Los Angeles Union]]
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{attached KML|display=title,inline}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{amtrak web|route=yes}}

{{Amtrak routes}}
{{Higher speed rail}}

[[Category:1974 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Amtrak routes]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Night trains of the United States]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Illinois]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Iowa]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Missouri]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Kansas]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Colorado]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in Arizona]]
[[Category:Passenger rail transportation in California]]
[[Category:Long-distance Amtrak routes]]