View source for Soyuz TM-16

{{Short description|1993 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = Soyuz TM-16
| image              = 
| image_caption      = 
| insignia           = Soyuz TM-16 patch.png
| mission_type       = 
| operator           = [[Rosaviakosmos]]
| COSPAR_ID          = 1993-005A
| SATCAT             = 
| mission_duration   = 179&nbsp;days, 43&nbsp;minutes, 45&nbsp;seconds
| distance_travelled = 
| orbits_completed   = ~2,790
| spacecraft         = Soyuz 7K-STM No. 101
| spacecraft_type    = [[Soyuz-TM]]
| manufacturer       = [[NPO Energia]]
| launch_mass        = {{convert|7150|kg|lb}}
| landing_mass       = 
| launch_date        = {{Start date text|24 January 1993, 05:58:05|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| launch_rocket      = [[Soyuz-U2]]
| launch_site        = 
| landing_date       = {{End date text|22 July 1993, 06:41:50|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| landing_site       = {{convert|140|km|mi}} S of  [[Dzhezkazgan]]
| crew_size          = 2 up<br/>3 down
| crew_members       = [[Gennadi Manakov]]<br/>[[Alexander Poleshchuk]]
| crew_landing       = [[Jean-Pierre Haigneré]]
| crew_callsign      = Вулка́н (Vulkan -  [[Volcano]])
| crew_photo         = 
| crew_photo_caption = 
| orbit_epoch        = 
| orbit_reference    = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime       = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbit_periapsis    = {{convert|393|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis     = {{convert|394|km|mi}}
| orbit_inclination  = 51.6&nbsp;degrees
| orbit_period       = 
| apsis              = gee
| docking            = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
   | docking_target     = [[Mir]]
   | docking_type       = dock
   | docking_port       = 
   | docking_date       = 26 January 1993, 07:31:17 UTC
   | undocking_date     = 22 July 1993, 3:00:30 UTC
   | time_docked        = 
 }}
| previous_mission   = [[Soyuz TM-15]]
| next_mission       = [[Soyuz TM-17]]
| programme          = [[Soyuz programme]]<br/><small>(Crewed missions)</small>
}}
'''Soyuz TM-16''' was the sixteenth expedition to the Russian [[Space Station]] [[Mir]].<ref>The mission report is available here:http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm16.htm</ref>

The [[Soyuz-TM]] crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi- meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the [[Mir]] and [[International Space Station|ISS]] space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new [[Kurs (docking navigation system)|Kurs rendezvous and docking system]] permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control

==Crew==
{{Spaceflight crew
|position1       = Commander
|crew1_up        = [[Gennadi Manakov]]
|flights1_up     = Second
|position2       = Flight engineer
|crew2_up        = [[Alexander Poleshchuk]]
|flights2_up     = First
|position3       = Research cosmonaut
|crew3_up        = None
|crew3_down      = [[Jean-Pierre Haigneré]]
|flights3_down   = First
|agency3_down    = [[CNES]]
}}

==Mission highlights==
[[File:Soyuz TM-16.jpg|Soyuz TM-16 shown with the APAS-89 docking mechanism|thumb|left]]
[[Image:APAS-89 docking system drawing.png|thumb|left|APAS-89]]
16th expedition to [[Mir]].

First Soyuz without a probe and drogue docking system since 1976. It carried
an [[APAS-89#APAS-89|APAS-89]] [[androgynous]] docking unit different from the APAS-75 unit used for ASTP in 1975, yet similar in general principles. Soyuz-TM 16 used it to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles with Mir.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Soyuz}}
{{Soyuz variants}}
{{Russian human spaceflight programs}}
{{Crewed Mir flights}}
{{Orbital launches in 1993}}

[[Category:Crewed Soyuz missions]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1993]]

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