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{{short description|1727 sacred oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach}}
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{{italic title}}
{{Infobox Bach composition
| name             = ''St Matthew Passion''
| image            = BWV 244 Titelblatt.svg
| image_upright    = 
| caption          = Title page of Bach's autograph score
| native_name      = Passio Domini Nostri J.C. Secundum Evangelistam Matthaeum
| native_name_lang = la
| title            = St Matthew Passion
| bwv              = 244
| related          = [[BWV 244a]]
| type             = [[Passions (Bach)|Passion]]
| occasion         = [[Good Friday]]
| performed        = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1727|04|11|df=y}}|location=[[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig]]}}
| movements        = 
| text             = {{ubl| {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Matthew|chapter=26|range=–27}} | [[Picander]] | chorales }}
| scoring          = {{ubl| Two choirs [[SATB|{{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}}]] | [[Evangelist (Bach)|Evangelist]] | [[Vox Christi]] | Solo: soprano, alto, tenor, bass, soliloquents | Two orchestras of woodwinds, strings and basso contiuo }}
}}
The '''''St Matthew Passion''''' ({{langx|de|Matthäuspassion|links=-no}}), [[Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis|BWV]]&nbsp;244, is a ''[[Passions (Bach)|Passion]]'', a sacred [[oratorio]] written by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] in 1727 for solo voices, double [[choir]] and double [[orchestra]], with [[libretto]] by [[Picander]]. It sets the [[Matthew 26|26th]] and [[Matthew 27|27th]] chapters of the [[Gospel of Matthew]] (in the [[Luther Bible]]) to music, with interspersed [[chorale]]s and [[aria]]s. It is widely regarded as one of the masterpieces of [[Baroque music|Baroque]] [[sacred music]]. The original Latin title '''{{lang|la|Passio Domini nostri J.C. secundum Evangelistam Matthæum}}''' translates to "The Passion of our Lord [[Jesus Christ]] according to the Evangelist Matthew".<ref name="Rathey">[[Markus Rathey]]. 2016. ''Bach's Major Vocal Works. Music, Drama, Liturgy'', [[Yale University Press]]</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}

==History==
[[File:Jsbwv244.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Fair copy]] in Bach's own hand of the revised version of the ''St Matthew Passion'' BWV 244 that is generally dated to the year 1743–46]]
The ''St Matthew Passion'' is the second of two [[Passions (Bach)|Passion settings by Bach]] that have survived in their entirety, the first being the ''[[St John Passion]]'', first performed in 1724.

===Versions and contemporaneous performances===
Little is known with certainty about the creation process of the ''St Matthew Passion''. The available information derives from extant early manuscripts, contemporary publications of the libretto, and circumstantial data, for instance in documents archived by the Town Council of Leipzig.

The ''St Matthew Passion'' was probably first performed on 11 April (Good Friday) 1727 in the [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]], and again on 15 April 1729, 30 March 1736, and 23 March 1742. Bach then revised it again between 1743 and 1746.

====First version (BWV 244.1, previously 244b)====
In [[Leipzig]] it was not allowed to paraphrase the words of the Gospel in a Passion presentation on [[Good Friday]].{{sfn|Amati-Camperi|2008}} A setting of the then-popular ''[[Brockes Passion]]'' libretto, largely consisting of such paraphrasing, could not be done without replacing the paraphrases by actual Gospel text.{{sfn|Amati-Camperi|2008}} That was the option chosen by Bach for his 1724 ''St John Passion''. In 1725 Christian Friedrich Henrici, a Leipzig poet who used [[Picander]] as his pen name, had published {{Lang|de|Erbauliche Gedanken auf den Grünen Donnerstag und Charfreytag}} ("Edifying Thoughts on [[Maundy Thursday]] and Good Friday"), containing free verse suitable for a Passion presentation in addition to the Gospel text. Bach seems to have stimulated the poet to write more of such verse in order to come to a full-fledged libretto for a Passion presentation combined with the Passion text chapters 26 and 27 in the [[Gospel of St Matthew]].

Since 1975, it has usually been assumed that Bach's ''St Matthew Passion'' was first performed on Good Friday 11 April 1727,<ref>Robin A. Leaver, "St Matthew Passion" ''Oxford Composer Companions: J. S. Bach'', ed. Malcolm Boyd. Oxford: Oxford University Press (1999): 430. "Until 1975 it was thought that the ''St Matthew Passion'' was originally composed for Good Friday 1729, but modern research strongly suggests that it was performed two years earlier."</ref> although its first performance may have been as late as Good Friday 1729, as older sources assert.<ref name="SpittaPassions">Spitta 1884, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/johannsebastia02spit#page/477/mode/1up 477–569]</ref> The performance took place in the [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]] (''Thomaskirche'') in Leipzig. Bach had been [[Thomaskantor]] (i.e., [[Cantor (church)|Cantor]], and responsible for the music in the church) since 1723. In this version the Passion was written for two choruses and orchestras. Choir I consists of a [[soprano]] in [[ripieno]] voice, a soprano solo, an [[alto]] solo, a tenor solo, [[SATB]] chorus, two [[traverso]]s, two [[oboe]]s, two [[oboe d'amore|oboes d'amore]], two [[oboe da caccia|oboes da caccia]], [[lute]], strings (two [[violin]] sections, [[viola]]s and [[cello]]s), and [[basso continuo|continuo]] (at least organ). Choir II consists of SATB voices, violin I, violin II, viola, [[viola da gamba]], cello, two traversos, two oboes (d'amore) and possibly continuo.<ref name="BD244b">Bach-digital, BWV 244b</ref>

====Funeral cantata for Köthen (BWV 1143, previously 244a)====
{{further|Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a}}
[[Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a|''Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt'', BWV 244a]], a cantata of which only the text is extant, was performed 24 March 1729 in [[Köthen]] at a memorial service held some months after the death of [[Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen]]. The music of the cantata consisted largely of music adapted from the ''St Matthew Passion''.<ref>Bach-digital, BWV 244a</ref>

====Passion performances in the St. Thomas Church====
[[File:Leipzig Thomaskirche interior 07.JPG|thumb|250px|"Small" organ loft in the St. Thomas Church, that would have fitted Chorus II and Orchestra II of the ''St Matthew Passion'' in Bach's time (note: the organ in this photograph is a late 20th-century addition)]]
{{see also|Bach's choir and orchestra}}

At the time only men sang in church: high pitch vocal parts were usually performed by [[treble voice|treble choristers]]. In 1730, Bach informed the Leipzig Town Council as to what he saw as the number of singers that should be available for the churches under his responsibility, including those for the St. Thomas Church: a choir of twelve singers, plus eight singers that would serve both St. Thomas and the ''[[St. Peter, Leipzig|Peterskirche]]''. The request was only partially granted by the Town Council,<ref>Spitta 1884, [https://archive.org/stream/johannsebastia02spit#page/239/mode/1up p. 239 ff.]</ref> so possibly at least some of the Passion presentations in St. Thomas were with fewer than twenty singers, even for the large scale works, like the ''St Matthew Passion'', that were written for double choir.<ref name="Rathey" /><ref>David, Hans T. and Arthur Mendel. ''The Bach Reader''. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1966. p. 124.</ref>

In Bach's time, St. Thomas Church had two organ lofts: the large organ loft that was used throughout the year for musicians performing in Sunday services, vespers, etc., and the small organ loft, situated at the opposite side of the former, that was used additionally in the grand services for Christmas and Easter. The ''St Matthew Passion'' was composed as to perform a single work from both organ lofts at the same time: Chorus and orchestra I would occupy the large organ loft, and Chorus and orchestra II performed from the small organ loft. The size of the organ lofts limited the number of performers for each Choir. Large choruses, in addition to the instrumentists indicated for Choir I and II, would have been impossible, so also here there is an indication that each part (including those of strings and singers) would have a limited number of performers, where, for the choruses, the numbers indicated by Bach in his 1730 request would appear to be (more than?) a maximum of what could be fitted in the organ lofts.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=961592|last=Rifkin|first=Joshua|author-link=Joshua Rifkin|year=1982|title=Bach's Chorus: A Preliminary Report|journal=[[The Musical Times]]|volume=123|number=377|pages=747–754|doi=10.2307/961592 }}</ref>

====Later revisions and performances (BWV 244.2, previously 244)====
Bach revised the Passion by 1736, for a performance on Good Friday 30 March 1736. This is the version (with some possible later adjustments) that is generally known as the ''St Matthew Passion'', BWV 244. In this version both choirs have SATB soloists and chorus, and a string section and continuo consisting of at least violins I and II, viola, gamba and organ. The woodwinds are two traversos, oboes and oboes d'amore for each choir, and in addition for choir I two oboes da caccia.<ref name="BD244">Bach-digital, BWV 244</ref>

Some parts were adjusted for a new performance on Good Friday 23 March 1742. Bach finalized his autograph score in 1743–1746; however, this undertaking was not tied to any new performance.<ref name="BD244" />

===Numbering of the movements===
{{See also|St Matthew Passion structure#Numbering of the movements}}
Bach did not number the sections of the ''St Matthew Passion'', all of them vocal [[Movement (music)|movements]], but twentieth-century scholars have done so. The two main schemes in use today are the scheme from the [[Neue Bach-Ausgabe]] (NBA, New Bach Edition) which uses a [[#1|1]] through [[#68|68]] numbering system, and the older [[Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis]] (BWV, Bach Works Catalog) scheme which divides the work into 78 numbers. Both use lettered subsections in some cases.<ref>{{cite book
 | url = http://www.teach12.com/tgc/courses/course_detail.aspx?cid=720
 | title = Bach and the High Baroque: Course Guidebook
 | pages = 214–243
 | author-link = Robert Greenberg
 | author = Robert Greenberg
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/BWV244-Eng3.htm
 | title = St Matthew Passion – German to English translation in interlinear format
}} (uses NBA numbering)</ref> This article is written using the NBA numbering system.

=== Text ===
Bach worked together with his librettist, Christian Friedrich Henrici, known as [[Picander]]<ref name="SpittaPassions" /> who published the text of the libretto of the ''St Matthew Passion'' in 1729.<ref name="Picander1729">{{harvnb|Picander|1729}}</ref>

====Bible text====
The Bible text used for Part One is {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=Wikisource|book=Matthew|chapter=26|verse=1|range=–56}}. Part Two uses {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=Wikisource|book=Matthew|chapter=26|verse=57|range=–75}} and {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=Wikisource|book=Matthew|chapter=27|verse=1|range=–66}}.

Additionally, [[s:Bible (King James)/Song of Solomon#Chapter 6|Song of Songs 6:1]] is used in the opening aria (with chorus) of Part Two ([[#30|No. 30]]).

====Free verse====
Picander wrote text for recitatives and arias, and for the large scale choral movements that open and close the Passion. Other libretto sections came from publications by [[Salomo Franck]] and [[Barthold Heinrich Brockes]].<ref name="Richter1980">Booklet of ''Johann Sebastian Bach: Matthäus-Passion'' Karl Richter, Münchener Bach-Orchester et al. Archiv Produktion 1980</ref>

====Chorales====
{{see also|List of chorale harmonisations by Johann Sebastian Bach#BWV 244–244b}}
The chorale melodies and their texts would have been known to those attending the services in the St Thomas church. The oldest chorale Bach used in the ''St Matthew Passion'' dates from 1525. Three chorales are written by [[Paul Gerhardt]] and Bach included five stanzas from his ''[[O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden]]''. Bach used the hymns in different ways, most are four-part setting, two as the {{lang|la|[[cantus firmus]]}} of the two chorale fantasias framing Part I, one as a commenting element in a tenor recitative.
{{Chorales in St Matthew Passion}}
In the early version BWV 244b the chorale [[#17|No. 17]] appears to be missing, and movement [[#29|No. 29]], concluding Part One, is a four-part setting of the chorale "Jesum lass ich nicht von mir" instead of the chorale fantasia on "O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß".<ref name="BD244b" />

== Composition ==
{{more citations needed section|date=April 2017}}
Many composers wrote [[Passion (music)|musical settings]] of the [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]] in the late 17th century. Like other Baroque [[oratorio]] passions, Bach's setting presents the [[Bible|Biblical]] text of [[Saint Matthew|Matthew]] 26–27 in a relatively simple way, primarily using [[recitative]], while [[aria]] and [[arioso]] movements set newly written poetic texts which comment on the various events in the Biblical narrative and present the characters' states of mind in a lyrical, monologue-like manner.

The ''St Matthew Passion'' is set for two choirs and two orchestras. Both include two [[Western concert flute#Renaissance (1400–1600) and Baroque flutes (1600–1760)|transverse flutes]] (Choir 1 also includes 2 recorders for No. 19), two oboes, in certain movements instead [[oboe d'amore]] or [[oboe da caccia]], two violins, viola, [[Viol|viola da gamba]], and [[Figured bass#Basso continuo|basso continuo]]. For practical reasons the continuo organ is often shared and played with both orchestras. In many arias a solo instrument or more create a specific mood, such as the central soprano aria No. 49, "{{lang|de|Aus Liebe will mein Heiland sterben}}", where the absence of strings and basso continuo mark a desperate loss of security.

===Vocal parts===
Two distinctive aspects of Bach's setting spring from his other church endeavors. One is the double-choir format, which stems from his own double-choir [[motet]]s and those of many other composers with which he routinely started Sunday services. The other is the extensive use of [[chorale]]s, which appear in standard four-part settings, as interpolations in arias, and as a [[cantus firmus]] in large [[Polyphony|polyphonic]] movements. This is notable in "{{lang|de|[[O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß]]}}", the conclusion of the first half – a movement which Bach also used as an opening chorus for the second version (1725) of his ''[[St John Passion]]'' (later – ca. 1730 – he reverted to the originally composed "Herr, unser Herrscher" there).<ref>[[Christoph Wolff|Wolff, Christoph]]. ''Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician'', 294. New York: W. W. Norton. 2000</ref> The opening chorus, "{{lang|de|Kommt, ihr Töchter, helft mir klagen}}" is also notable for the use of chorale cantus firmus, in which the ''soprano in ripieno'' crowns a colossal buildup of polyphonic and [[harmony|harmonic]] tension, singing a verse of "{{lang|de|[[O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig]]}}". This was sung only in 1742 and 1743–1746 and had been played on the organ before.

====Gospel parts====
[[File:BWV 244 Nr. 71.svg|thumb|250px|End of the aria with chorus [[#60|No. 60]], and beginning of the recitative [[#61|No. 61a]] (Bible words written in red) in Bach's autograph score: the recitative contains Christ's last words, and the only words by Christ sung without the characteristic string section accompaniment ("Eli, Eli lama asabthani?")]]
The narration of the Gospel texts is sung by the [[tenor]] [[Evangelist (Bach)|Evangelist]] in ''secco'' [[recitative]] accompanied only by [[Figured bass|continuo]]. Soloists sing the words of various characters, also in recitative; in addition to [[Jesus]], there are named parts for [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]], [[Saint Peter|Peter]], two high priests (Pontifex I & II), [[Pontius Pilate]], Pilate's wife (Uxor Pilati), two witnesses (Testis I & II) and two ''ancillae'' (maids). These are not always sung by all different soloists. The "character" soloists are also often assigned arias and sing with the choirs, a practice not always followed by modern performances. Two duets are sung by a pair of soloists representing two simultaneous speakers. A number of passages for several speakers, called ''turba'' (crowd) parts, are sung by one of the two choirs or both.

The words of Jesus, also termed ''[[Vox Christi]]'' (voice of Christ), usually receive special treatment. Bach created particularly distinctive [[Recitative#Accompagnato|accompagnato recitatives]] in this work: they are accompanied not by continuo alone, but also by the entire string section of the first orchestra using long, sustained notes and "highlighting" certain words, thus creating an effect often referred to as Jesus's "halo". Only his [[Sayings of Jesus on the cross|final words]], in [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], ''Eli, Eli lama asabthani?'' ([[Sayings of Jesus on the cross#4. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?|My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?]]), are sung without this "halo".

In the revision of 1743–1746, it is also these words (the Vox Christi) that receive a sustained continuo part.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} In all prior versions (1727/1729, 1736, and 1742), the continuo part was sustained in all recitatives.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

==== Interpolated texts ====
The arias, set to texts by [[Picander]], are interspersed between sections of the Gospel text. They are sung by soloists with a variety of instrumental accompaniments, typical of the oratorio style. The interpolated texts theologically and personally interpret the Gospel texts. Many of them include the listener into the action, such as the chorale No. 10, "{{lang|de|Ich bin's, ich sollte büßen}}" ("It is I who should suffer"), after eleven disciples asked "{{lang|de|Herr, bin ich's?}}" (Lord, is it I?) – meaning: Am I the one going to betray? The alto aria No. 6, "{{lang|de|Buß und Reu}}", portrays a desire to anoint Jesus with her tears out of remorse. The bass aria No. 65, "Mache dich, mein Herze, rein", offers to bury Jesus himself. Jesus is often referred to as "my Jesus". The chorus alternates between participating in the narrative and commenting on it.<ref name="Rathey" />

As is typical of settings of the Passion (and originating in its liturgical use on [[Palm Sunday]]), there is no mention of the [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]] in any of these texts (apart from indirect allusions at Matthew 26:32 and 27:53 and 63). Following the concept of [[Anselm of Canterbury]], the [[crucifixion]] is the endpoint and the source of [[Redemption (theology)|redemption]]; the emphasis is on the suffering of Jesus. The chorus sings, in the final chorale No. 62, "tear me from my fears / through your own fear and pain." The bass, referring to the "sweet cross" expresses in No. 56, "Yes, of course this flesh and blood in us / want to be forced to the cross; / the better it is for our soul, / the more bitter it feels."

The first "{{lang|de|O Lamm Gottes}}" chorale compares Jesus' crucifixion to the ritual sacrifice of an [[Old Testament]] lamb, as an offering for sin. This theme is reinforced by the concluding chorale of the first part, {{lang|de|O Mensch, bewein dein' Sünde groß}} (O man, bewail your great sin).

=== Compositional style ===
Bach's recitatives often set the mood for the particular passages by highlighting emotionally charged words such as "crucify", "kill", or "mourn" with chromatic melodies. [[Diminished seventh]] chords and sudden [[modulation (music)|modulations]] accompany Jesus's [[apocalypse|apocalyptic]] prophecies.

In the turba parts, the two choruses sometimes alternate in [[cori spezzati]] style (e.g. "{{lang|de|Weissage uns, Christe}}") and sometimes sing together ("{{lang|de|Herr, wir haben gedacht}}"). Other times only one chorus sings (chorus I always takes the parts of the [[Disciples (Christianity)|disciples]]) or they alternate, for example when "some bystanders" say "He's calling for Elijah", and "others" say "Wait to see if Elijah comes to help him."

In the arias, [[obbligato]] instruments are equal partners with the voices, as was customary in late Baroque arias. Bach often uses [[Madrigal (music)|madrigalisms]], as in "{{lang|de|Buß und Reu}}", where the flutes start playing a raindrop-like [[staccato]] as the alto sings of drops of his tears falling. In "{{lang|de|Blute nur}}", the line about the serpent is set with a twisting melody. In "''Erbarm es, Gott''", the relentless dotted rhythm of the diminished chords evoke the emotional shock of the scourging.<ref>{{cite book|last=van Elferen|first=Isabella|title=Mystical Love in the German Baroque: Theology, Poetry, Music|series=Contextual Bach Studies|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|page=106|isbn=9780810861367}}</ref>

== Structure ==
{{further|St Matthew Passion structure}}
As in other [[Passion oratorio]]s the backbone of the structure is the narration of the Gospel, in this case chapters [[s:Bible (King James)/Matthew#Chapter 26|26]] and [[s:Bible (King James)/Matthew#Chapter 27|27]] of the [[Gospel of Matthew]] in the [[Luther Bible]].

===Gospel text===
The [[Evangelist (Bach)|Evangelist]], a tenor voice, sings the Gospel text in a declamatory style called [[secco recitative]], that is, with only a [[basso continuo|continuo]] accompaniment. Direct speech sections of the Gospel text are brought by other singers in the same "secco" format (e.g. a soprano voice sings the words spoken by [[Pontius Pilate's wife]]), except for:
* [[Vox Christi]]: the words spoken by [[Christ]] are sung by a [[bass (voice type)|bass]] as an [[accompagnato]] recitative, that is: accompanied by strings, and in a more ''arioso'' style than the secco recitatives.
* Turba choruses: words spoken by a group of people (e.g. Jesus' disciples) are sung by the choir, usually accompanied by the complete orchestra.

Apart from the Evangelist and the Vox Christi the [[dramatis personæ|dramatis personae]] of these Gospel sections of the ''St Matthew Passion'' consists of:
* [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]] (B), [[Saint Peter|Peter]] (B), two witnesses (A T), two high priests (B), two maids (S), [[Pontius Pilate|Pilate]] (B) and [[Pontius Pilate's wife|his wife]] (S)
* A small group is represented by Chorus I or Chorus II separately (Chorus I always for the disciples); High priests and larger groups of people are sung by Chorus I and II together.

===Interpolated text===
In between the sections or scenes of the Gospel text, other texts are sung as a meditation or underlining the action, in a variety of formats:
* soloists sing arias, in most cases preceded by an accompagnato recitative, and occasionally in a dialogue with the choir. These sections are based nearly exclusively on texts by [[Picander]]. The arias are in [[Da capo aria|da capo format]] ([[ternary form]]). "Erbarme dich", for alto, and "Mache dich, mein Herze, rein", for bass, are examples of such arias in Part Two of the oratorio. In these movements the singers are accompanied by one or a few solo instruments and continuo, occasionally completed by other instrument groups of the orchestra.[[File:Bach Matthäuspassion O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden.jpg|thumb|300px|"O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden", vocal score]]
* Choral movements come in two additional formats (apart from the turba and dialogue with soloist roles already mentioned above): 
** Cornerstone choral movements, or chorale fantasias: these are the extended movements, typically used to open or close both parts of the oratorio. In the St Matthew Passion there are three such extended choral movements: the opening chorus ("Kommt, ihr Töchter, helft mir klagen", text by Picander and [[Nicolaus Decius]]), the conclusion of Part One ("[[O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß]]", text by [[Sebald Heyden]]) and the final chorus ("Wir setzen uns mit Tränen nieder", text by Picander)
** [[Chorale harmonization]] movements: using traditional chorale texts and their melodies. The text is sung in [[homophony]] by a [[Four-part harmony|four-part]] chorus with [[colla parte]] accompaniment by the orchestra. "[[O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden]]", on a text by [[Paul Gerhardt]], is the one that returns most often throughout the Passion, in different harmonizations.

===Overview===
In the scheme below indentation indicates the type of movement:

|→ Cornerstone choral movements
::|→ Gospel parts (including Vox Christi and Turba sections) – Evangelist sings in each of these Gospel sections
::::|→ Chorale harmonizations
::::::|→ (Non-Gospel) Recitatives and Arias (with or without dialogue with the chorus)

==== Part One ====

[[#1|1.]] '''{{lang|de|Kommt, ihr Töchter, helft mir klagen}}''' – {{lang|de|O Lamm Gottes unschuldig}} (Chorus I & II – Cantus firmus by ripieno soprano choir)

::[[#2|2.]] '''Mt 26:1–2''', with Vox Christi
::::[[#3|3.]] {{lang|de|Herzliebster Jesu, was hast du verbrochen}}
::4. '''Mt 26:3–13''', with Vox Christi, and Turba on {{lang|de|Ja nicht auf das Fest}} (Chorus I & II) and on {{lang|de|Wozu dienet dieser Unrat?}} (Chorus I)
::::::5–6. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Du lieber Heiland du}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Buß und Reu}}''' (alto)
::7. '''Mt 26:14–16''', with Judas (bass)
::::::8. Aria '''{{lang|de|Blute nur, du liebes Herz!}}''' (soprano)
::9. '''Mt 26:17–22''', with Vox Christi, and Turba on {{lang|de|Wo willst du, daß wir dir bereiten das Osterlamm zu essen?}} (Chorus I) and on {{lang|de|Herr, bin ich's?}} (Chorus I)
::::10. "{{lang|de|[[O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben]]}}" by Paul Gerhardt, stanza 5: {{lang|de|Ich bin's, ich sollte büßen}}
::11. '''Mt 26:23–29''', with Vox Christi and Judas (bass)
::::::12–13. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Wiewohl mein Herz in Tränen schwimmt}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Ich will dir mein Herze schenken}}''' (soprano)
::14. '''Mt 26:30–32''', with Vox Christi
::::15. "{{lang|de|[[O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden]]}}" by Paul Gerhardt, stanza 5: {{lang|de|Erkenne mich, mein Hüter}}
::16. '''Mt 26:33–35''', with Vox Christi and Peter (bass)
::::17. "{{lang|de|O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden}}" by Paul Gerhardt, stanza 6: {{lang|de|Ich will hier bei dir stehen}} [1727/1729 version without music and text "{{lang|de|Es dient zu meinem Freude}}"]
::18. '''Mt 26:36–38''', with Vox Christi
::::::19–20. Recitative '''{{lang|de|O Schmerz! Hier zittert das gequälte Herz}}''' – "{{lang|de|Herzliebster Jesu}}" by Johann Heermann, stanza 3: {{lang|de|Was ist die Ursach aller solcher Plagen?}} and Aria '''{{lang|de|Ich will bei meinem Jesu wachen}}''' – {{lang|de|So schlafen unsre Sünden ein}} (tenor – Chorus II)
::21. '''Mt 26:39'''
::::::22–23. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Der Heiland fällt vor seinem Vater nieder}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Gerne will ich mich bequemen, Kreuz und Becher anzunehmen}}''' (bass)
::24. '''Mt 26:40–42''', with Vox Christi
::::25. "{{lang|de|Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit}}" by [[Albert, Duke in Prussia]], stanza 1: {{lang|de|Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit}}
::26. '''Mt 26:43–50''', with Vox Christi and Judas (bass)
::::::27. Aria '''{{lang|de|So ist mein Jesus nun gefangen}}''' – {{lang|de|Laßt ihn, haltet, bindet nicht!}} (soprano, alto – Chorus II) and {{lang|de|Sind Blitze, sind Donner in Wolken verschwunden?}} (Chorus I & II)
::28. '''Mt 26:51–56''', with Vox Christi
29. '''{{lang|de|O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß}}''' (Chorale fatasie, text by Sebald Heyden) [1727/1729 version: "{{lang|de|Jesum lass ich nicht von mir}}"; 1742 and 1743–1746 versions: ripieno soprano choir added to soprano line]

==== Part Two ====

::::::30. Aria '''{{lang|de|Ach, nun ist mein Jesus hin!}}''' – {{lang|de|Wo ist denn dein Freund hingegangen}} (alto [bass in the 1727/1729 version] – Chorus II)
::31. '''Mt 26:57–60a'''
::::32. "{{lang|de|In dich hab ich gehoffet, Herr}}" by [[Adam Reusner]], stanza 5: {{lang|de|Mir hat die Welt trüglich gericht't}}
::33. '''Mt 26:60b–63a''', with Witnesses (alt, tenor) and High Priest (bass)
::::::34–35. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Mein Jesus schweigt zu falschen Lügen stille}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Geduld, Geduld! Wenn mich falsche Zungen stechen}}''' (tenor) 
::36. '''Mt 26:63b–68''', with Vox Christi, High Priest (bass), and Turba on {{lang|de|Er ist des Todes schuldig!}} (Chorus I & II), and on {{lang|de|Weissage uns, Christe, wer ists, der dich schlug?}} (Chorus I & II)
::::37. "{{lang|de|[[O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben]]}}" by Paul Gerhardt, stanza 3: {{lang|de|Wer hat dich so geschlagen}}
::38. '''Mt 26:69–75''', with Maid I and II (sopranos), Peter (bass) and Turba on {{lang|de|Wahrlich, du bist auch einer von denen; denn deine Sprache verrät dich.}} (Chorus II)
::::::39. Aria '''{{lang|de|Erbarme dich, mein Gott, um meiner Zähren Willen!}}''' (alto)
::::40. "{{lang|de|Werde munter, mein Gemüte}}" by [[Johann Rist]], stanza 6: {{lang|de|Bin ich gleich von dir gewichen}}
::41. '''Mt 27:1–6''', with Judas (bass), High Priest I and II (basses) and Turba on {{lang|de|Was gehet uns das an? Da siehe du zu!}} (Chorus I & II)
::::::42. Aria '''{{lang|de|Gebt mir meinen Jesum wieder!}}''' (bass)
::43. '''Mt 27:7–14''', with Vox Christi and Pilate (bass)
::::44. "{{lang|de|Befiehl du deine Wege}}" by Paul Gerhardt, stanza 1: ''[[Befiehl du deine Wege]]''
::45. '''Mt 27:15–22''', with Pilate (bass), Pilate's wife (soprano), and Turba on {{lang|de|Barrabam!}} (Chorus I & II), and on {{lang|de|Laß ihn kreuzigen!}} (Chorus I & II)
::::46. "{{lang|de|Herzliebster Jesu}}" by Johann Heermann, stanza 4: {{lang|de|Wie wunderbarlich ist doch diese Strafe!}}
::47. '''Mt 27:23a''', with Pilate (bass)
::::::48–49. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Er hat uns allen wohlgetan}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Aus Liebe will mein Heiland sterben}}''' (soprano)
::50. '''Mt 27:23b–26''', with Pilate (bass), and Turba on {{lang|de|Laß ihn kreuzigen!}} (Chorus I & II), and on {{lang|de|Sein Blut komme über uns und unsre Kinder.}} (Chorus I & II)
::::::51–52. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Erbarm es, Gott! Hier steht der Heiland angebunden.}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Können Tränen meiner Wangen}}''' (alto)
::53. '''Mt 27:27–30''', with Turba on {{lang|de|Gegrüßet seist du, Jüdenkönig!}} (Chorus I & II)
::::54. "{{lang|de|O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden}}" by Paul Gerhardt, stanza 1 and 2: {{lang|de|O Haupt, voll Blut und Wunden}}
::55. '''Mt 27:31–32'''
::::::56–57. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Ja, freilich will in uns das Fleisch und Blut zum Kreuz gezwungen sein}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Komm, süßes Kreuz, so will ich sagen}}''' (bass)
::58. '''Mt 27:33–44''', with Turba on {{lang|de|Der du den Tempel Gottes zerbrichst}} (Chorus I & II), and on {{lang|de|Andern hat er geholfen und kann ihm selber nicht helfen.}} (Chorus I & II)
::::::59–60. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Ach Golgatha, unselges Golgatha!}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Sehet, Jesus hat die Hand uns zu fassen ausgespannt, kommt!}}''' – {{lang|de|Wohin?}} (alto – Chorus II) 
::61. '''Mt 27:45–50''', with Vox Christi, and Turba on {{lang|de|Der rufet dem Elias!}} (Chorus I), and on {{lang|de|Halt! Laß sehen, ob Elias komme und ihm helfe.}} (Chorus II)
::::62. "{{lang|de|O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden}}" by Paul Gerhardt, stanza 9: {{lang|de|Wenn ich einmal soll scheiden}}
::63. '''Mt 27:51–59''', with Turba on {{lang|de|Wahrlich, dieser ist Gottes Sohn gewesen.}} (Chorus I & II)
::::::64–65. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Am Abend, da es kühle war}}''' and Aria '''{{lang|de|Mache dich, mein Herze, rein}}''' (bass)
::66. '''Mt 27:59–66''', with Pilate (bass), and Turba on {{lang|de|Herr, wir haben gedacht, daß dieser Verführer sprach}} (Chorus I & II)
::::::67. Recitative '''{{lang|de|Nun ist der Herr zur Ruh gebracht}}''' – {{lang|de|Mein Jesu, gute Nacht!}} (bass, tenor, alto, soprano – Chorus II)
68. '''{{lang|de|Wir setzen uns mit Tränen nieder}}''' (Chorus I & II)

== Movements ==
The work is divided into two parts to be performed before and after the sermon of the Good Friday service.

=== Part One ===
The first scenes are in [[Jerusalem]]: Jesus announces his death (No. 2), on the other hand the intention to get rid of him is expressed (No. 4). A scene in [[Bethany (Biblical village)|Bethany]] (No. 4c) shows a woman anointing his head with valuable oils. The next scene (No. 7) has [[Judas Iscariot]] negotiating the price for handing Jesus over. In a great contrast of mood the preparation for the "Easter meal" (Osterlamm) is described (No. 9) and the [[Passover Seder|Passover meal]] itself, the [[Last Supper]], foreshadowed by the announcement of betrayal. After the meal they go together to the [[Mount of Olives]] (No. 14) where Jesus predicts that [[Saint Peter|Peter]] will deny him three times before the cock crows. At the garden of [[Gethsemane]] (No. 18) Jesus asks his followers several times to support him but they fall asleep while he is praying in agony. It is there (No. 26) that he is betrayed by Judas' kiss and arrested. While soprano and alto mourn (in duet, No. 27a) Jesus's arrest, the chorus makes angry interjections of "{{lang|de|Laßt ihn, haltet, bindet nicht!}}" (Leave him, stop, do not bind him!). In a dramatic highpoint of the Passion,<ref>Sposato, Jeffrey S. ''The Price of Assimilation : Felix Mendelssohn and the Nineteenth-Century Anti-Semitic Tradition'' Oxford University Press, 2005:p. 51</ref><ref>Rudolf, Max. ''A Musical Life: Writings and Letters'' Pendragon Press, 2001: p. 460</ref> the chorus (No. 27b) furiously demands against the Jews who arrested Jesus "{{lang|de|Zertrümmre, verderbe, verschlinge, zerschelle / Mit plötzlicher Wut / Den falschen Verräter, das mördrische Blut!}}" (Wreck, ruin, engulf, shatter with sudden force the false betrayer, the murderous blood!).

==== <span id="1"></span>1. {{lang|de|Kommt, ihr Töchter, helft mir klagen}} ====
[[File:Bach Matthäuspassion "am Stamm des Kreuzes geschlachtet".jpg|thumb|250px|The melody of {{lang|de|Am Stamm des Kreuzes geschlachtet}} (slaughtered at the stem of the cross), the second line of Decius' chorale, is shown twice in red ink, without the words, on this page of Bach's autograph score: in the middle of the page for the ripienists, and in the upper of the two staves for organ II at the bottom of the page.<ref>Koch, Juan Martin. [http://www.nmz.de/artikel/in-weiter-ferne-so-nah "In weiter Ferne, so nah"] in ''[[Neue Musikzeitung]]'', No. 3 of 2014.</ref>]]
Part One is opened by the chorus "{{lang|de|Kommt, ihr Töchter, helft mir klagen}}" (Come ye daughters, join my lament), on a text by Picander. After 16 measures of instrumental introduction in {{music|time|12|8}} time, driven by an ostinato {{music|quarter}} {{music|eighth}} rhythm in the basses, Chorus I intones {{lang|de|Kommt, ihr Töchter, helft mir klagen}}, until in measure 26 they sing {{lang|de|Sehet}} (Hark!) and Chorus II promptly asks {{lang|de|Wen?}} (Whom?), Chorus I replying with {{lang|de|den Bräutigam}} (the bridegroom – implying Christ). The next call by Chorus I is {{lang|de|Seht ihn}} (See him!), followed by the question {{lang|de|Wie?}} (How?) by Chorus II, to which Chorus I answers {{lang|de|als wie ein Lamm}} (just like a lamb – another reference to Christ).

The dialogue with these questions is repeated, and then, from measure 30, Chorus I sings the text of the incipit again while in ripieno sopranos sing the first two lines of [[Nikolaus Decius]]' chorale "{{lang|de|[[O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig]]}}" (O [[Lamb of God]], innocent) as the [[cantus firmus]]. All sentences of the first stanza of Decius' hymn are used as cantus firmus throughout the movement by the ripienists.

The opening chorus continues by taking up the questions and answers by Chorus I and II again, now adding: {{lang|de|Sehet — Was? — seht die Geduld}} (See it! — What? – See the endurance) and ultimately {{lang|de|Seht — Wohin? — auf unsre Schuld}} (Look! — Where? — to our guilt), after which Chorus I and II sing the last lines of Picander's text in separate blocks. When the cantus firmus has died out, Chorus I and II return to the first three lines of the text, from measure 82 until the conclusion of the chorus in measure 90.

[[File:BWV 244 Nr. 1 Kommt, ihr Töchter.svg|thumb|left|475px|Opening chorus, measure 17–18, vocal part of Chorus I]]{{clear}}[[File:BWV 244 Nr. 1-2.svg|thumb|500px|Last measures of movement 1 and start of movement 2 in Bach's autograph score]]

==== <span id="2"></span>2. Mt 26:1–2 ====
:2. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Da Jesus diese Rede vollendet hatte}}
{{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=Wikisource|book=Matthew|chapter=26|verse=1|range=–2}} places the first scene two days before the [[Passover]] feast. After a few words of introduction by the Evangelist, the first words of Christ, set as an accompagnato recitative with slow strings, contain an ominous prediction of his imminent fate.

==== <span id="3"></span>3. {{lang|de|Herzliebster Jesu, was hast du verbrochen}} ====
Chorale: first stanza of Johann Heermann's "{{lang|de|[[Herzliebster Jesu]]}}". The first two lines of the hymn are a rhetorical question: "My dearest Jesus, which crimes have you committed, that such dire judgement has been passed?"

[[File:BWV 244 Incipit Nr. 3 Herzliebster Jesu.svg|475px]]

==== <span id="4"></span>4. Mt 26:3–13 ====
:4a. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Da versammleten sich die Hohenpriester und Schriftgelehrten}}
:4b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Ja nicht auf das Fest}}
:4c. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Da nun Jesus war zu Bethanien}}
:4d. Chorus I: {{lang|de|Wozu dienet dieser Unrat?}}
:4e. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Da das Jesus merkete, sprach er zu ihnen}}

==== <span id="5"></span><span id="6"></span>5–6. {{lang|de|Du lieber Heiland du}} – {{lang|de|Buß und Reu}} ====
Recitative and Aria for alto.
{{Block indent|<score sound="1">
{ \new ChoirStaff <<
 \new Staff << 
 \new Voice \relative c'' { \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 8 = 120 \stemUp \clef treble \key fis \minor \time 3/8 s4. | <gis' dis>8^.^( <gis dis>^. <gis dis>^.) | s4. | <fis cis>8^.^( <fis cis>^. <fis cis>^.) | s4. | fis16^( eis dis cis) <b' gis>8^. | <a fis>^. r r | s4 } 
 \new Voice \relative c'' { \stemDown cis8[ d] cis | bis4. | b!32_([ cis d16 cis8)] b | ais4. | b8 a![_( gis)] | a fis[_( eis)] | fis \grace { e(} d4) | cis } \addlyrics { Buß – und Reu,– Buß4 und8 Reu– knirscht das Sün- den- herz ent- zwei }
 \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \key fis \minor \time 3/8 fis4.~_"Bar 13" | fis8 gis16( fis eis dis) | eis4. | e!8 fis16( e d cis) | d8( cis b) | cis4.~ | cis8 b16( a gis fis) | eis ^"173 bars"}
 >> >> }
</score>}}

==== <span id="7"></span>7. Mt 26:14–16 ====
:7. Evangelist, Judas: {{lang|de|Da ging hin der Zwölfen einer mit Namen Judas Ischarioth}}

==== <span id="8"></span>8. {{lang|de|Blute nur, du liebes Herz!}} ====
Aria (soprano)

==== <span id="9"></span>9. Mt 26:17–22 ====
:9a. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Aber am ersten Tage der süßen Brot}}
:9b. Chorus I: {{lang|de|Wo willst du, daß wir dir bereiten das Osterlamm zu essen?}}
:9c. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Er sprach: Gehet hin in die Stadt}}
:9d. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und sie wurden sehr betrübt}}
:9e. Chorus I: {{lang|de|Herr, bin ich's?}}

The narration follows Jesus' instructions for securing the upper room for Passover, and the beginning of the Last Supper. Upon Jesus' declaration that one of the twelve will betray him in 9d, they ask him "Lord, is it I?" The word ''Herr'' appears 11 times, once for each disciple except Judas Iscariot.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/voices-blog/world/bachs-st-matthew-passion-an-appreciation|title=Bach's St. Matthew Passion|website=Bruderhof|language=en|access-date=2019-03-21}}</ref>

==== <span id="10"></span>10. {{lang|de|Ich bin's, ich sollte büßen}} ====
Chorale

==== <span id="11"></span>11. Mt 26:23–29 ====
:11. Evangelist, Jesus, Judas: {{lang|de|Er antwortete und sprach}}

==== <span id="12"></span><span id="13"></span>12–13. {{lang|de|Wiewohl mein Herz in Tränen schwimmt}} – {{lang|de|Ich will dir mein Herze schenken}} ====
Recitative and Aria (soprano)

==== <span id="14"></span>14. Mt 26:30–32 ====
:14. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Und da sie den Lobgesang gesprochen hatten}}

==== <span id="15"></span>15. {{lang|de|Erkenne mich, mein Hüter}} ====
Chorale

==== <span id="16"></span>16. Mt 26:33–35 ====
:16. Evangelist, Peter, Jesus: {{lang|de|Petrus aber antwortete und sprach zu ihm}}

==== <span id="17"></span>17. {{lang|de|Ich will hier bei dir stehen}} ====
Chorale

In the 1727/1729 version without music and text "{{lang|de|Es dient zu meinem Freude}}"

==== <span id="18"></span>18. Mt 26:36–38 ====
:18. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Da kam Jesus mit ihnen zu einem Hofe, der hieß Gethsemane}}

==== <span id="19"></span><span id="20"></span>19–20. {{lang|de|O Schmerz! Hier zittert das gequälte Herz}} – {{lang|de|So schlafen unsre Sünden ein}} ====
Recitative (with Chorus II: {{lang|de|Was ist die Ursach aller solcher Plagen?}}) and Aria (with Chorus II: {{lang|de|Ich will bei meinem Jesu wachen}}) for tenor

==== <span id="21"></span>21. Mt 26:39 ====
:21. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und ging hin ein wenig, fiel nieder auf sein Angesicht und betete}}

==== <span id="22"></span><span id="23"></span>22–23. {{lang|de|Der Heiland fällt vor seinem Vater nieder}} – {{lang|de|Gerne will ich mich bequemen, Kreuz und Becher anzunehmen}} ====
Recitative and Aria (bass)

==== <span id="24"></span>24. Mt 26:40–42 ====
:24. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Und er kam zu seinen Jüngern und fand sie schlafend}}

==== <span id="25"></span>25. {{lang|de|Was mein Gott will, das gscheh allzeit}} ====
Chorale

==== <span id="26"></span>26. Mt 26:43–50 ====
:26. Evangelist, Jesus, Judas: {{lang|de|Und er kam und fand sie aber schlafend}}

==== <span id="27"></span>27. {{lang|de|So ist mein Jesus nun gefangen}} – {{lang|de|Sind Blitze, sind Donner in Wolken verschwunden?}} ====
Aria for soprano and alto (with Chorus II: {{lang|de|Laßt ihn, haltet, bindet nicht!}}) and Chorus (I & II)

==== <span id="28"></span>28. Mt 26:51–56 ====
:28. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Und siehe, einer aus denen, die mit Jesu waren, reckete die Hand aus}}

==== <span id="29"></span>29. {{lang|de|O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß}} ====
Part I is closed by a four-part Chorale Fantasia (both choirs) on the chorale {{lang|de|O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß}} (O mankind, mourn your great sins), recapitulating that Jesus was born of the Virgin to "become the intercessor". The sopranos sing the cantus firmus, the other voices interpret aspects of the narration. In the 1742 and 1743–1746 versions, a ripieno soprano choir was added to the soprano line.

In the 1727/1729 version, this part is concluded by a four-part setting of verse 6 of the Chorale "{{lang|de|Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht (Jesum laß ich nicht von mir)}}".

=== Part Two ===
The first scene of Part Two is an interrogation at the High Priest [[Caiaphas]] (No. 37) where two witnesses report Jesus having spoken about destroying the [[Temple in Jerusalem|Temple]] and building it again in three days. Jesus is silent to this, but his answer to the question if he is the [[Son of God]] is considered a [[sacrilege]] calling for his death. Outside in the courtyard (No. 38) Peter is told three times that he belongs to Jesus and denies it three times – then the cock crows. In the morning (No. 41) Jesus is sent to [[Pontius Pilate]] while Judas is overcome by remorse and kills himself. Pilate interrogates Jesus (No. 43), is impressed and is inclined to release him, as it was customary to release one prisoner for the holiday, supported in this by his wife. But the crowd, given the choice to have Jesus released or [[Barabbas]], a thief, insurrectionist and murderer, asks with one voice "Barrabam!". They vote to crucify Jesus, Pilate gives in, washing his hands claiming his innocence, and delivers Jesus to torture and crucifixion. On the way to the crucifixion site (No. 55) [[Simon of Cyrene]] is forced to carry the cross. At [[Calvary|Golgatha]] (No. 58) Jesus and two others are crucified and mocked by the crowd. Even his last words are misunderstood. Where he cites Psalm 22, "Eli, Eli, lama asabthani?" (My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?), he is supposed to have called [[Elijah]]. He dies. St. Matthew describes the tearing of the Temple curtain and an earthquake – set to music by Bach. In the evening (No. 63c) [[Joseph of Arimathea]] asks Pilate for the corpse for burial. The following day (No. 66) officials remind Pilate of the talk of resurrection and ask for guards and a seal for the grave to prevent fraud.

==== <span id="30"></span>30. {{lang|de|Ach, nun ist mein Jesus hin!}} ====
Part Two is opened by a dialog between the alto soloist deploring her lost Jesus and choir II offering help in searching for him, quoting [[Song of Songs]] 6:1 ({{lang|de|Wo ist denn dein Freund hingegangen}}). In the 1727/1729 version, the soloist is a bass.

==== <span id="31"></span>31. Mt 26:57–60a ====
:31. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Die aber Jesum gegriffen hatten, führeten ihn zu dem Hohenpriester Kaiphas}}

==== <span id="32"></span>32. {{lang|de|Mir hat die Welt trüglich gericht't}} ====
Chorale
 
==== <span id="33"></span>33. Mt 26:60b–63a ====
:33. Evangelist, Witnesses, High Priest: {{lang|de|Und wiewohl viel falsche Zeugen herzutraten, funden sie doch keins.}}

==== <span id="34"></span><span id="35"></span>34–35. {{lang|de|Mein Jesus schweigt zu falschen Lügen stille}} – {{lang|de|Geduld, Geduld! Wenn mich falsche Zungen stechen}} ====
Recitative and Aria (tenor)

==== <span id="36"></span>36. Mt 26:63b–68 ====
:36a. Evangelist, High Priest, Jesus: {{lang|de|Und der Hohenpriester antwortete}}
:36b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Er ist des Todes schuldig!}}
:36c. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Da speieten sie in sein Angesicht und schlugen ihn mit Fäusten}}
:36d. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Weissage uns, Christe, wer ists, der dich schlug?}}

==== <span id="37"></span>37. {{lang|de|Wer hat dich so geschlagen}} ====
Chorale

==== <span id="38"></span>38. Mt 26:69–75 ====
:38a. Evangelist, Maid, Peter, Maid II: {{lang|de|Petrus aber saß draußen im Palast; und es trat zu ihm eine Magd}}
:38b. Chorus II: {{lang|de|Wahrlich, du bist auch einer von denen; denn deine Sprache verrät dich.}}
:38c. Evangelist, Peter: {{lang|de|Da hub er an sich zu verfluchen und zu schwören}}

==== <span id="39"></span>39. {{lang|de|Erbarme dich, mein Gott, um meiner Zähren Willen!}} ====
Aria (alto)

==== <span id="40"></span>40. {{lang|de|Bin ich gleich von dir gewichen}} ====
Chorale

==== <span id="41"></span>41. Mt 27:1–6 ====
:41a. Evangelist, Judas: {{lang|de|Des Morgens aber hielten alle Hohepriester und die Ältesten des Volks einen Rat}}
:41b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Was gehet uns das an? Da siehe du zu!}}
:41c. Evangelist, High Priests: {{lang|de|Und er warf die Silberlinge in den Tempel}}

==== <span id="42"></span>42. {{lang|de|Gebt mir meinen Jesum wieder!}} ====
Aria (bass) with violin

==== <span id="43"></span>43. Mt 27:7–14 ====
:43. Evangelist, Pilate, Jesus: {{lang|de|Sie hielten aber einen Rat und kauften einen Töpfersacker}}

==== <span id="44"></span>44. {{lang|de|Befiehl du deine Wege}} ====
Chorale

==== <span id="45"></span>45. Mt 27:15–22 ====
:45a. Evangelist, Pilate, Pilate's wife: {{lang|de|Auf das Fest aber hatte der Landpfleger Gewohnheit, dem Volk einen Gefangenen loszugeben}}
:Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Barrabam!}}
:45b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Laß ihn kreuzigen!}}

==== <span id="46"></span>46. {{lang|de|Wie wunderbarlich ist doch diese Strafe!}} ====
Chorale

==== <span id="47"></span>47. Mt 27:23a ====
:47. Evangelist, Pilate: {{lang|de|Der Landpfleger sagte}}

==== <span id="48"></span><span id="49"></span>48–49. {{lang|de|Er hat uns allen wohlgetan}} – {{lang|de|Aus Liebe will mein Heiland sterben}} ====
Recitative and Aria (soprano)

==== <span id="50"></span>50. Mt 27:23b–26 ====
:50a. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Sie schrieen aber noch mehr und sprachen}}
:50b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Laß ihn kreuzigen!}}
:50c. Evangelist, Pilate: {{lang|de|Da aber Pilatus sahe, daß er nichts schaffete}}
:50d. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Sein Blut komme über uns und unsre Kinder.}}
:50e. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Da gab er ihnen Barrabam los}}

==== <span id="51"></span><span id="52"></span>51–52. {{lang|de|Erbarm es, Gott! Hier steht der Heiland angebunden.}} – {{lang|de|Können Tränen meiner Wangen}} ====
Recitative and Aria (alto)

==== <span id="53"></span>53. Mt 27:27–30 ====
:53a. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Da nahmen die Kriegsknechte des Landpflegers Jesum zu sich}}
:53b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Gegrüßet seist du, Jüdenkönig!}}
:53c. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und speieten ihn an und nahmen das Rohr und schlugen damit sein Haupt.}}

==== <span id="54"></span>54. {{lang|de|O Haupt, voll Blut und Wunden}} ====
Chorale
<score sound="1" raw="1">
\header { tagline = ##f }
\layout { indent = 0\cm
  \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" }
  \context { \Voice \remove "Dynamic_engraver" }
}
global = { \time 4/4 \partial 4 \key d \minor }

verse = \lyricmode {
  O Haupt voll Blut und Wun -- den,
  voll Schmerz und vol -- ler Hohn!
  O Haupt, sonst schön ge -- zie -- ret
  mit höch -- ster Ehr' und Zier,
  jetzt a -- ber hoch schimp -- fi -- ret:
  ge -- grü -- ßet seist du mir!
}
verseR = \lyricmode {
  O Haupt, zu Spott ge -- bun -- den
  mit ei -- ner Dor -- nen -- kron!
}

soprano = \relative c'' { \global \autoBeamOff \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t
  \set Staff.midiPanPosition = -0.5 \set midiInstrument = "choir aahs" %"violin"
  \repeat volta 2 { a4 | d c bes a | g2 \tempo 4=28 a4 \fermata
    \tempo 4=72 e'4 | f f e8 [d] e4 | d2. \fermata } \break
  f4 | e8 [d] c4 d e | f2 \tempo 4=28 f4\fermata
  \tempo 4=72 c | d4 c bes8 [a] bes4 | a2.\fermata
  f'4 | e8 [f] g4 f e | d2 \tempo 4=28 e4\fermata
  \tempo 4=72 a, | bes4 a g c | a2.\fermata \bar "|."
} 
alto = \relative c'{ \global \set Staff.midiPanPosition = 0.5 \set midiInstrument = "choir aahs" %"violin"
  \repeat volta 2 { f4\p | f8 g a4 d,8 e f4 | f (e) f
    a | a a a a8 g | f2. }
  a4 | g g8 f f4 bes | bes (a8 g) a4
  a | a8 g a4 g8 fis g4 | fis2.
  g4 | g c c c | c (b) c
  f,8 e | d e f4 f e | f2. \bar "|."
}
tenor = \relative c' { \global \set Staff.midiPanPosition = -1 \set midiInstrument = "choir aahs" %"viola"
  \repeat volta 2 { d4 | d8 e f4 g c, | d (c) c
    e | e d d cis | a2. }
  d8 c | bes4 c c bes8 c | d4 (c8 bes) c4
  f8 ees | d4 d d d | d2.
  d4 | c8 d e4 f g | a (g) g
  c, | bes4 c c8 bes16 a g8 c | c2. \bar "|."
}
bass = \relative c' { \global \set Staff.midiPanPosition = 1 \set midiInstrument = "choir aahs" %"cello"
  \repeat volta 2 { d8\p c | bes4 a g f | bes, (c) f \fermata
    cis | d8 [e] f [g] a4 a, | d2.\fermata }
  d4 | g a bes8 a g4 | f2 f4\fermata
  f | bes fis g g, | d'2.\fermata
  b4 | c c'8 b a4 g | f (g) c,\fermata
  f | g a8 bes c4 c, | f2.\fermata \bar "|."
}
\score {
  \new ChoirStaff <<
    \new Staff = "female" <<
      \new Voice = "Soprano" { \voiceOne \soprano }
      \addlyrics \verse
      \addlyrics \verseR
      \new Voice = "Alto" { \voiceTwo \alto }
    >>
    \new Staff = "male" <<
      \clef bass
      \new Voice = "Tenor" { \voiceOne \tenor }
      \new Voice = "Bass" { \voiceTwo \bass }
     >>
  >>
  \layout { }
}
\score { \unfoldRepeats { << \soprano \\ \alto \\ \tenor \\ \bass >> }
  \midi {
    \tempo 4=72
    \context { \Score midiChannelMapping = #'instrument }
    \context { \Staff \remove "Staff_performer" }
    \context { \Voice \consists "Staff_performer" }
  }
}</score>

==== <span id="55"></span>55. Mt 27:31–32 ====
:55. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und da sie ihn verspottet hatten, zogen sie ihm den Mantel aus}}

==== <span id="56"></span><span id="57"></span>56–57. {{lang|de|Ja, freilich will in uns das Fleisch und Blut zum Kreuz gezwungen sein}} – {{lang|de|Komm, süßes Kreuz, so will ich sagen}} ====
Recitative and Aria (bass) Lute instead of Viola da gamba in 1727/1729 version.

==== <span id="58"></span>58. Mt 27:33–44 ====
:58a. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und da sie an die Stätte kamen mit Namen Golgatha}}
:58b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Der du den Tempel Gottes zerbrichst}}
:58c. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Desgleichen auch die Hohenpriester spotteten sein}}
:58d. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Andern hat er geholfen und kann ihm selber nicht helfen.}}
:58e. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Desgleichen schmäheten ihn auch die Mörder, die mit ihm gekreuziget waren}}

==== <span id="59"></span><span id="60"></span>59–60. {{lang|de|Ach Golgatha, unselges Golgatha!}} – {{lang|de|Sehet, Jesus hat die Hand uns zu fassen ausgespannt, kommt!}} ====
Recitative and Aria for alto (from Chorus I), with a dialogue with Chorus II ("{{lang|de|Wohin?}}") in the Aria

==== <span id="61"></span>61. Mt 27:45–50 ====
:61a. Evangelist, Jesus: {{lang|de|Und von der sechsten Stunde an war eine Finsternis über das ganze Land}}
:61b. Chorus I: {{lang|de|Der rufet dem Elias!}}
:61c. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und bald lief einer unter ihnen, nahm einen Schwamm}}
:61d. Chorus II: {{lang|de|Halt! Laß sehen, ob Elias komme und ihm helfe.}}
:61e. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Aber Jesus schriee abermal laut und verschied.}}

==== <span id="62"></span>62. {{lang|de|Wenn ich einmal soll scheiden}} ====
Chorale

This is by far the most unusually chromatic setting of this chorale tune ({{lang|de|Befiehl du deine Wege / O Haupt, voll Blut und Wunden}}) found in the ''Passion'', occurring at the high point of intensity at the death of Jesus.<ref name=":0" /> This also marks the completion of Bach's gradual emptying out of the key signature in subsequent settings of this tune: No. 15 has four sharps (E major), No. 17 has three flats (E-flat major), No. 44 has two sharps (D major), No. 54 has one flat (D minor), and No. 62 has no accidentals (A minor).

==== <span id="63"></span>63. Mt 27:51–59 ====
:63a. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und siehe da, der Vorhang im Tempel zerriß in zwei Stück}}
:63b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Wahrlich, dieser ist Gottes Sohn gewesen.}}
:63c. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und es waren viel Weiber da, die von ferne zusahen}}

==== <span id="64"></span><span id="65"></span>64–65. {{lang|de|Am Abend, da es kühle war}} – {{lang|de|Mache dich, mein Herze, rein}} ====
Recitative and Aria (bass)

==== <span id="66"></span>66. Mt 27:59–66 ====
:66a. Evangelist: {{lang|de|Und Joseph nahm den Leib und wickelte ihn in ein rein Leinwand}}
:66b. Chorus I & II: {{lang|de|Herr, wir haben gedacht, daß dieser Verführer sprach}}
:66c. Evangelist, Pilate: {{lang|de|Pilatus sprach zu ihnen}}

==== <span id="67"></span>67. {{lang|de|Nun ist der Herr zur Ruh gebracht.}} ====
Recitative for bass, tenor, alto and soprano, with Chorus II singing {{lang|de|Mein Jesu, gute Nacht!}}.

==== <span id="68"></span>68. {{lang|de|Wir setzen uns mit Tränen nieder}} ====
The work is closed by a grand scale chorus in [[da capo]] form, choir I and II mostly in unison for the first part {{lang|de|Wir setzen uns mit Tränen nieder}} (We sit down in tears), but in dialog in the middle section, choir II repeating "{{lang|de|Ruhe sanfte, sanfte ruh!}}" ("Rest gently, gently rest!"), choir I reflecting: "Your grave and headstone shall, for the anxious conscience, be a comfortable pillow and the resting place for the soul. Highly contented, there the eyes fall asleep." These are the last words (before the recapitulation), marked by Bach himself: ''p pp ppp'' (soft, very soft, extremely soft).

== Reception ==
{{see also|St Matthew Passion discography}}
The ''St Matthew Passion'' was not heard in more or less its entirety outside Leipzig until 1829, when the twenty-year-old [[Felix Mendelssohn]] performed a version in [[Berlin]], with the [[Sing-Akademie zu Berlin|Berlin Singakademie]], to great acclaim. Though most remained the same, Mendelssohn did edit parts of the passion to satisfy the taste of the time. Due to the changes in addition with other circumstances the reception was a success.  Mendelssohn's revival brought the music of Bach, particularly the large-scale works, to public and scholarly attention (although the ''[[St John Passion]]'' had been rehearsed by the Singakademie in 1822).

Sterndale Bennett 1845 edition of the Passion was to be the first of many (as [[Adolph Bernhard Marx]] and [[Adolf Martin Schlesinger]]'s one in 1830), the latest being by Neil Jenkins (1997) and Nicholas Fisher and John Russell (2008). Appreciation, performance and study of Bach's composition have persisted into the present era.

===Second half of the 18th century===
The Passion was performed under the Cantor of St. Thomas until about 1800.<ref>Spitta, Philipp, ''Johann Sebastian Bach'', 3 vols., 1873–1880, transl. by Clara Bell and J. A. Fuller-Maitland, Novello, London, 1889; repr. Dover, New York, 1952, vol. 2, p. 568; the quote is "till the end of the 17th century" presumably a misprint for 18th.</ref> Specifically, in 1780, the Cantor, Doles, had three of Bach's Passions performed, assumed to include the St. John and St. Matthew, and "possibly the St. Luke".<ref>Spitta, p. 518</ref>

===19th century===
[[File:23a Mendelssohn.jpg|thumb|300px|Performance part for Mendelssohn's 19th-century staging of the ''St Matthew Passion'']]
{{see also|Bach Revival}}
In 1824, [[Felix Mendelssohn]]'s maternal grandmother Bella Salomon had given him a copy of the score of the Passion.{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=17}} [[Carl Friedrich Zelter]] had been head of the Sing-Akademie since 1800.{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=16}} He had been hired to teach music theory to both Felix Mendelssohn and his sister [[Fanny Mendelssohn|Fanny]]. Zelter had a supply of J. S. Bach scores and was an admirer of Bach's music but he was reluctant to undertake public performances.{{refn|1=An attempt to put on Handel's ''[[Judas Maccabeus (oratorio)|Judas Maccabeus]]'' had recently been "botched" despite long rehearsals.{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=32}}}}

When Felix Mendelssohn was preparing his revival performance of the Passion in 1829 in Berlin (the first performance outside Leipzig), he cut out "ten arias (about a third of them), seven choruses (about half), [but] only a few of the chorales," which "emphasized the drama of the Passion story ... at the expense of the reflective and Italianate solo singing."{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=39}}

In 1827, Felix and a few friends began weekly sessions to rehearse the Passion.{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=24}} One of the group was [[Eduard Devrient]], a baritone and since 1820 one of the principal singers at the Berlin Royal Opera.{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=28}} Around December 1828 – January 1829 Devrient persuaded Felix that the two of them should approach Zelter to get the Sing-Akademie to support their project. Devrient was especially enthusiastic, hoping to sing the part of Jesus as he eventually did. Zelter was reluctant but eventually gave his approval; that of the Singakademie board followed.{{sfn|Applegate|2005|pp=30–33}}

Once the fuller group of singers and the orchestra were brought in, Devrient recalled, participants were amazed at "the abundance of melodies, the rich expression of emotion, the passion, the singular style of declamation, and the force of the dramatic action."{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=34}} The 20-year-old Felix himself conducted the rehearsals and first two performances by the Singakademie.

Their first performance was effectively publicized in six consecutive issues of the ''Berliner Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung'', founded and edited by [[Adolf Bernhard Marx]].{{sfn|Applegate|2005|pp=36–37}} It took place on 11 March 1829 and was sold out quickly. There was a second performance on 21 March, also sold out. In a third, on 18 April, Zelter conducted, and soon there were performances in Frankfurt (where a previously projected performance of the Passion had been upstaged by those in Berlin) and in Breslau and Stettin.{{sfn|Applegate|2005|p=43}}

[[William Sterndale Bennett]] became a founder of the [[Bach Society]] of London in 1849 with the intention of introducing Bach's works to the English public. Helen Johnston (a student at [[Queen's College, London]]) translated the libretto of the Passion, and Bennett conducted the first English performance at the [[Hanover Square Rooms]] London on 6 April 1854 (the same year that it appeared in print by the Old Bach Society (Alte Bach-Gesellschaft). The soloists included Charlotte Helen Sainton-Dolby.

===20th century===
Excerpts of the work were performed on the American television program [[Omnibus (U.S. TV series)|''Omnibus'']] on 31 March 1957 in the episode "The Music of J.S. Bach." The presenter and explicator was [[Leonard Bernstein]], who introduced the ''St Matthew Passion'' as "that glorious work that started me off on my own private passion for Bach."<ref>[[Leonard Bernstein|Bernstein, Leonard]]. ''Omnibus: The Historic TV Broadcasts on 4 DVDs.'' E1 Entertainment, 2010. {{ISBN|1-4172-3265-X}}. Bernstein's lecture on Bach was also published in 1959. Bernstein, Leonard. ''The Joy of Music.'' Pompton Plains, New Jersey: Amadeus Press, Hal Leonard Corp., 2004 (reprint). {{ISBN|1-57467-104-9}}. The "glorious work" quotation is on page 254.</ref> 

The [[Hamburg Ballet]] presented a ''Saint Matthew Passion'', created and choreographed by [[John Neumeier]], at the [[Hamburg State Opera]] in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hamburgballett.de/en/schedule/play%E2%80%93repertoire.php?SNr=174|title=Ballet by John Neumeier: Saint Matthew Passion|work=Staatoper Hamburg|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref> The Hamburg Ballet production has been reproduced several times, including at the [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]] in New York in 1983<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/29/arts/ballet-hamburg-gives-neumeier-s-matthew-passion.html|title=Ballet: Hamburg Gives Neumeier's 'Matthew Passion'|last=Kisselgoff|first=Anna|date=March 29, 1983|work=The New York Times|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref> and the [[Los Angeles Opera]] in 2022. The Los Angeles Opera presentation involved "42 dancers, six singers, two choruses, and two mighty-in-sound chamber orchestras."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfcv.org/articles/review/transformative-st-matthew-passion-la-opera|title=A Transformative St. Matthew Passion at LA Opera|last=Looseleaf|first=Victoria|date=March 15, 2022|work=SFCV|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref>

===21st century===
Staged productions of the ''Passion'' include [[Lindy Hume]]'s 2005 production for the [[Perth International Arts Festival]], restaged in 2013 for [[Opera Queensland]] with {{Interlanguage link multi|Leif Aruhn-Solén|sv}}, [[Sara Macliver]], [[Tobias Cole]]; and [[Peter Sellars]]' 2010 production with the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] under [[Simon Rattle]] with [[Mark Padmore]], [[Camilla Tilling]], [[Magdalena Kožená]], [[Topi Lehtipuu]], [[Christian Gerhaher]] and [[Thomas Quasthoff]].

==Transcriptions==
*The final chorus ''Wir setzen uns mit Tränen nieder'' was transcribed for solo organ by [[Charles-Marie Widor]] in 1925, as part of the set of 6 pieces named ''Bach's Memento''.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite web|last=Amati-Camperi|first=Alexandra|url=http://www.sfbach.org/notes-march-2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712034456/http://www.sfbach.org/notes-march-2008|archive-date=2015-07-12|title=J. S. Bach: Johannes-Passion|publisher=San Francisco Bach Choir|date=March 2008}}
* {{cite book|last=Applegate|first=Celia|author-link=Celia Applegate|title=Bach in Berlin: Nation and Culture in Mendelssohn's Revival of the St. Matthew Passion|location=Ithaca, London|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2005}}
* [http://www.bach-digital.de Bach-digital]:
**[http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000304 ''St. Matthew passion'' BWV 244]
**[http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000305 ''Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt'' BWV 244a]
**[http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000306 ''St Matthew Passion'' (early version) BWV 244b]
* {{Cite book|ref={{harvid|Picander|1729}}|author=[[Picander]] (Christian Friedrich Henrici)|title=Ernst-Scherzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte: Anderer Theil|location=Leipzig|year=1729}} Second edition: 1734.
* [[Philipp Spitta|Spitta, Philipp]]. "Fünftes Buch: Leipziger Jahre von 1723–1734" in ''Johann Sebastian Bach'', Zweiter Band. [[Breitkopf & Härtel]], 1880.
**[https://archive.org/stream/johsebbach02spit#page/n20/mode/1up "Fünftes Buch: Leipziger Jahre von 1723–1734" pp. 3–479] in ''Johann Sebastian Bach'', Zweiter Band. Dritte unveränderte Auflage, Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1921.
**[https://archive.org/stream/johannsebastia02spit#page/181/mode/1up "Book V: Leipzig, 1723–1734" pp. 181–648] in ''Johann Sebastian Bach: his work and influence on the music of Germany, 1685–1750'', translated by Clara Bell and John Alexander Fuller-Maitland, In Three Volumes, Vol. II. London, [[Novello & Co]], 1884.

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|last= Chafe|first= Eric|title= J. S. Bach's ''St. Matthew Passion'': Aspects of Planning, Structure, and Chronology |journal= [[Journal of the American Musicological Society]]|volume=35|issue=1|pages=49–114|date= Spring 1982|doi= 10.2307/831287|jstor= 831287}}
* Franklin, Don O. "The Role of the 'Actus Structure' in the Libretto of J. S. Bach's St. Matthew Passion." In Daniel Zager, ed., ''Music and Theology: Essays in Honor of Robin A. Leaver''. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, 2007. 121–141. 
* [[Emil Platen|Platen, Emil]]. ''Die Matthäus-Passion von Johann Sebastian Bach''. Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1991.
* [[Joshua Rifkin|Rifkin, Joshua]]. "The Chronology of Bach's Saint Matthew Passion". In ''[[The Musical Quarterly]]'', lxi (1975). 360–387
* Werker, W. ''Die Matthäus-Passion''. Leipzig, 1923.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|St. Matthew Passion}}
*[http://allofbach.com/en/bwv/bwv-244/ ''St Matthew Passion'']: performance by the [[Netherlands Bach Society]] (video and background information)
* [http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB0001C20900000000 Autograph score in the Berlin State Library (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin)]
* {{IMSLP2|work=Matthäuspassion, BWV 244 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|cname=Matthäuspassion, BWV 244}}
*[http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Vocal/BWV244.htm Translation to many languages, commentary, musical examples, list of recordings] on the bach-cantatas website
*[http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Articles/SMP%5BRifkin%5D.htm The Passion according to Saint Matthew BWV 244] by [[Joshua Rifkin]], on the bach-cantatas website
* "Liturgical drama in Bach's ''St. Matthew Passion''" by Uri Golomb. ''Goldberg Early Music Magazine'' 39 (April 2006), pp.&nbsp;48–59. On the [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Articles/SMP-Golomb.pdf Bach-Cantatas website] and on [https://cantab.academia.edu/UriGolomb/Papers/356265/Liturgical_drama_in_Bachs_St._Matthew_Passion Academia.Edu]
*[http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_translations/translations_cantata/t_bwv244.htm#pab1_7 Text and translation to English], Emmanuel music
*[http://music.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/0104_passion/index.shtml ''The St. Matthew Passion''], Minnesota Public Radio, text and translation, commentary, 2001
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130603195202/http://oregonbachfestival.com/digitalbach/matthew/ ''St. Matthew Passion''] (Flash) Helmuth Rilling

{{Masses, Magnificat, Passions and Oratorios by Johann Sebastian Bach}}
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[[Category:Passions and oratorios by Johann Sebastian Bach]]
[[Category:1727 oratorios]]
[[Category:Works based on the Gospel of Matthew]]
[[Category:Oratorios based on the Bible]]
[[Category:Felix Mendelssohn]]