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{{Short description|Former voivodeship of Poland}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name = ''Województwo stanisławowskie''
|conventional_long_name = Stanisławów Voivodeship
|common_name = Stanisławów
|subdivision = [[Voivodeship]]
|nation = [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
|p1 = Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
|flag_p1 = Flag of Hesse.svg
|s1 = Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
|flag_s1 = Flag of Ukrainian SSR (1937-1949).svg
|image_flag = 
|government_type=Voivodeship
|image_coat = POL województwo stanisławowskie II RP COA.svg
|image_map =Stanisławów Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic (1938).png
|image_map_caption = Location of  Stanisławów Voivodeship (red)<br/>within the Second Republic of Poland (1938).
|capital = [[Ivano-Frankivsk|Stanisławów]]
|title_leader = [[#Voivodes|Voivode]]
|leader1 = Edmund Jurystowski
|year_leader1 = 1921&ndash;1925 <small>(first)</small>
|leader2 = Stanisław Jarecki
|year_leader2 = Jan&ndash;Sep 1939 <small>(last)</small>
|date_start = 23 December
|year_start = 1920
|event1                 = [[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)|Soviet invasion]]
|date_event1            = 17 September 1939
|event_end = replaced with [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast|Stanislav Oblast]], [[Ukrainian SSR]]
|date_end = 27 November
|year_end = 1939
|stat_year1 = 1921
|stat_area1= 18368 
|stat_pop1 = 1348580
|stat_year2 = 1931
|stat_pop2 = 1480300
|stat_area3= 16894
|stat_year3=1939
|political_subdiv = [[#Administrative divisions|15 powiats]]
}}
'''Stanisławów Voivodeship''' ({{langx|pl|Województwo stanisławowskie}}) was an administrative district of the [[Second Polish Republic]] (1918–1945). It was established in December 1920 with an [[administrative center]] in [[Ivano-Frankivsk|Stanisławów]]. The voivodeship had an area of 16,900&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and comprised twelve counties (powiaty). Following [[World War II]], at the insistence of [[Joseph Stalin]] during the [[Tehran Conference]] of 1943, Poland's borders [[Territorial changes of Poland after World War II|were redrawn]], Polish population [[Polish population transfers (1944–1946)|forcibly resettled]] and Stanisławów Voivodeship was incorporated into the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] as Stanislav Oblast (later renamed as [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]).

==September 1939 and its aftermath==
Following [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|German invasion on Poland]], and in accordance with the secret protocol of [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], Soviet forces invaded [[Kresy|eastern Poland]] on September 17, 1939. As bulk of the [[Polish Army]] was concentrated in the west, fighting Germans, the Soviets met with little resistance and their troops quickly moved westwards. Polish authorities originally intended to organize anti-German resistance in Stanisławów Voivodeship ''(see: [[Romanian Bridgehead]])'', with [[Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)|Polish Army]] units planning to stand ground until the spring of 1940 when a French attack on Germany was expected. However, the [[Soviet invasion of Poland]] rendered these plans ineffectual. It is estimated that prior to Soviet counter-offensive in the latter part of World War II, over 18,000 Polish civilians in Stanisławów Voivodeship fell victims to [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists|OUN]]-[[Ukrainian Insurgent Army|UPA]] [[Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia|massacres]].<ref name="Siemaszko:1056–1057">[[Władysław Siemaszko]], [[Ewa Siemaszko]], ''Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939–1945'', vol. 1–2, [[Warsaw]], 2000; pp. 1056–1057.</ref><ref name="S-K-R">Szczepan Siekierka, H. Komański, E. Różański, ''Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie stanisławowskim w latach 1939–1946'', [[Wrocław]], 2007, op. cit., s. 36, 118, 169, 258, 292, 354, 419, 508, 591, 650, 716, 769.</ref>

==Demographics==
The Voivodeship's capital was [[Ivano-Frankivsk|Stanisławów]] (now ''Ivano-Frankivsk'' in [[Ukraine]]). In 1921 was inhabited by 1,339,191 people, and its population density was 72.9 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. [[Ukrainians]] and [[Ruthenians]] constituted 70% of the population, especially in the countryside. Poles, distributed across the entire voivodeship, made around 22%, Polish [[Jews]] (mainly in towns), around 7%. Also, there were smaller communities of [[Galician Germans]]. In 1931 the population grew to 1,480,285 and the density to 88 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.

According to the census of 1921 the Stanisławów Voivodeship was inhabited by 1,339,191 people, of whom by nationality 70.2% were Ruthenian (Ukrainian), 21.8% were Polish, 6.8% were Jewish, 1.1% were German and 0.1% all others. By religion 74.3% were [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] or Orthodox, 14.3% were Roman Catholic, 0.8% were Protestant and 10.6% were Jewish.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1927 |title=Plik:Woj.stanisławowskie-Polska spis powszechny 1921.pdf – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woj.stanis%C5%82awowskie-Polska_spis_powszechny_1921.pdf |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=commons.wikimedia.org |language=pl}}</ref>

In 1931 the voivodeship had 1,480,285 inhabitants, of whom by mother tongue 68.8% spoke Ukrainian and Ruthenian, 22.4% spoke Polish, 7.4% spoke Yiddish and Hebrew, 1.1% spoke German and 0.3% spoke other languages. By religion 73% were Greek Catholic and Orthodox, 16.6% were Roman Catholic, 0.8% were Protestant, 9.4% were Jewish and 0.2% were others. 

The results of the 1931 census (questions about [[First language|mother tongue]] and about religion) are presented in the table below:
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Comparison of Polish and Ukrainian population of Stanisławów Voivodeship according to the 1931 census<ref>{{Cite web |date=1938 |title=Plik:Woj.stanisławowskie-Polska spis powszechny 1931.pdf – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woj.stanis%C5%82awowskie-Polska_spis_powszechny_1931.pdf |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=commons.wikimedia.org |language=pl}}</ref>
!County Polish name
!County
!Pop.
!Polish
!%
!Ukrainian & Ruthenian
!%
!Roman Catholic
!%
![[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] & Orthodox
!%
|-
|Dolina
|[[Dolyna]]
|118373
|21158
|17.9%
|83880
|70.9%
|15630
|13.2%
|89811
|75.9%
|-
|Horodenka
|[[Horodenka]]
|92894
|27751
|29.9%
|59957
|64.5%
|15519
|16.7%
|69789
|75.1%
|-
|Kałusz
|[[Kalush, Ukraine|Kalush]]
|102252
|18637
|18.2%
|77506
|75.8%
|14418
|14.1%
|80750
|79.0%
|-
|Kołomyja
|[[Kolomyia]]
|176000
|52006
|29.5%
|110533
|62.8%
|31925
|18.1%
|121376
|69.0%
|-
|Kosów
|[[Kosiv]]
|93952
|6718
|7.2%
|79838
|85.0%
|4976
|5.3%
|80903
|86.1%
|-
|Nadwórna
|[[Nadwórna County]]
|140702
|16907
|12.0%
|112128
|79.7%
|15214
|10.8%
|113116
|80.4%
|-
|Rohatyn
|[[Rohatyn]]
|127252
|36152
|28.4%
|84875
|66.7%
|27108
|21.3%
|90456
|71.1%
|-
|Stanisławów
|[[Ivano-Frankivsk|Stanyslaviv]]
|198359
|49032
|24.7%
|120214
|60.6%
|42519
|21.4%
|123959
|62.5%
|-
|Stryj
|[[Stryi]]
|152631
|25186
|16.5%
|106183
|69.6%
|23404
|15.3%
|108159
|70.9%
|-
|Śniatyn
|[[Sniatyn]]
|78025
|17206
|22.1%
|56007
|71.8%
|8659
|11.1%
|61797
|79.2%
|-
|Tłumacz
|[[Tlumach]]
|116028
|44958
|38.7%
|66659
|57.5%
|31478
|27.1%
|76650
|66.1%
|-
|Żydaczów
|[[Zhydachiv]]
|83817
|16464
|19.6%
|61098
|72.9%
|15094
|18.0%
|63144
|75.3%
|-
|'''Województwo Stanisławowskie'''
|'''Stanisławów Voivodeship'''
|'''1480285'''
|'''332175'''
|'''22.4%'''
|'''1018878'''
|'''68.8%'''
|'''245944'''
|'''16.6%'''
|'''1079910'''
|'''73.0%'''
|}

==Geography==
The Stanisławów Voivodeship's area was 16,894 square kilometers. It was located in south-eastern corner of the country, bordering [[Tarnopol Voivodeship]] to the northeast, [[Lwów Voivodeship]] to the west, [[Czechoslovakia]] (Between 1919 and 1938), [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] (Between 1938 and 1939) and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] to the south. It was in large part covered by forests of the [[Carpathian Mountains]], with numerous mountain spas ([[Vorokhta|Worochta]], [[Skole]], [[Dolyna|Dolina]], [[Verkhovyna|Żabie]], [[Slavske|Sławsko]], [[Voronenko, Ukraine|Woronienka]], [[Yaremche|Jaremcza]], [[Kuty]]). The landscape was hilly (in the north) and mountainous (in the south), with [[Hoverla]] in the [[Chornohora]] range as the highest peak (2060 meters above sea level). The other significant mountain range was the [[Gorgany]].

The main river was the [[Dniester]], which also marked border with the Tarnopol Voivodeship. Other rivers were: the [[Prut]], the [[Stryi (river)|Stryj]] and the [[Cheremosh]] (the last one was at the same time bordering Poland from [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]).

==Administrative divisions==
Before the onset of [[World War II]] the Stanisławów Voivodeship consisted of 15 [[powiats]] ([[counties]]) (earlier 12), 29 towns, 904 villages and numerous smaller communities  (''futory, kolonie''). Those were the same 12 powiats that were part of the [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]] with the addition of Turka powiat later on. Its capital Stanisławów was the largest city, with population of some 60,000 (as of 1931). Other important municipal centers of the voivodeship were: [[Kolomyia|Kołomyja]] (pop. 33,800), [[Stryi|Stryj]] (pop. 30,500), [[Horodenka]] (pop. 12,200), [[Kalusz]] (pop. 12,100), [[Sniatyn]] (pop. 10,800) and [[Bolechow]] (pop. 10,700).
[[File:Stanisławów Voivodeship 1939 Poland (Województwo Stanisławowskie).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Map of Stanisławów Voivodeship with Counties]]

The Stanisławów Voivodeship consisted of 12 [[powiat]]s ([[county|counties]]):
# [[Dolyna|Dolina]] Powiat (2,397&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Horodenka]] Powiat (849&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Kałusz]] Powiat (1,137&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Kolomyia|Kołomyja]] Powiat (1,339&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), joined with [[Peczeniżyn County|Peczeniżyn]] Powiat
# [[Kosiv|Kosów]] Powiat (1,839&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Nadwórna]] Powiat (2,472&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Rohatyn]] Powiat (1,147&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Ivano-Frankivsk|Stanisławów]] Powiat (1,249&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), joined with Bohorodczan Powiat
# [[Stryi|Stryj]] Powiat (2,081&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), joined with Skolski Powiat
# [[Śniatyń]] Powiat (567&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Tłumacz]] Powiat (934&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
# [[Żydaczów]] Powiat (883&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)

==Railroads and industry==
The Stanisławów Voivodeship was located in the so-called [[Poland A and B|Poland "B"]] region, which meant that it was underdeveloped, with low level of industry and considerable numbers of inhabitants living in poverty. Agricultural production was low due to poor quality of soil. Since mid-1930s, the area was quickly gaining popularity as a tourist destination, with numbers of visitors to mountain springs rising steadily year by year. Railroad network was well-developed in the north, with such important junctions as Stanisławów, Kołomyja and Stryj. In the south, however, rail connections were lacking.

On January 1, 1938, total length of railroads within Voivodeship's boundaries was 755 kilometers (4.5&nbsp;km. per 100&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>).

==Voivodes==
[[File:Stanisławów Voivodeship Administrative Map 1938.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Administrative divisions, 1938]] 
[[File:Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University.jpg|thumb|Building of the Voivodeship administration (today Medical University)]]
The local government of voivodeship and city was located at address Ulica Karpinskiego, 7 (today - vulytsia Halytska, 2).
*Edmund Jurystowski: 21 October 1921 – 18 August 1925
*Aleksander Des Loges: 18 August 1925 – 25 October 1926
*Władysław Korsak: 18 December 1926 – 12 September 1927
*Aleksander Morawski: 28 October 1927 – 30 October 1928
*Bronisław Nakoniecznikow-Klukowski: 30 October 1928 – 29 August 1930
*Zygmunt Jagodziński: 3 September 1930 – 1 February 1936 (acting until 2 February 1931)
*Mieczysław Starzyński: 11 February 1936 – 22 June 1936 (acting )
*Jan Sawicki: 23 June 1936 – July 1936
*Stefan Pasławski: 14 July 1936 – 20 January 1939
*Stanisław Jarecki: 20 January 1939 – 2 September 1939

Following Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939, the voivodeship existed until 27 November 1939. On 6 October 1939 – 27 November 1939 the voivodeship was governed by Soviet provisional chairman of Civilian Administration [[Mikhail Grulenko]] who later continued to hold his post as the 1st secretary of the CPU in the region.
{{Clear}}

==See also==
* [[Podolia]]
* [[Biały Słoń]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Maly rocznik statystyczny 1939, Nakladem Glownego Urzedu Statystycznego, Warszawa 1939 (Concise Statistical Year-Book of Poland, Warsaw 1939).

==External links==
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.kresy.co.uk/podole.html kresy.co.uk] - More on history
* [http://www.halgal.com/1931popbylang.html Genealogy of Halychyna/Eastern Galicia] - [[1931 Polish census]]
* [http://stanislawow.net Stanislawow - Kresy] - Polish site on Stanislawow
* [http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Stanislawow/ JewishGen Stanislawow ShtetLink] - Jewish genealogy
* [http://www.jewishgalicia.net Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina: Stanislawow (Ivano-Frankivsk) Region]
{{refend}}

* http://jgaliciabukovina.net/161515/article/stanislawow-jews-and-during-holocaust

{{Voivodeships of Poland 1919–1939}}
{{Holocaust Poland}}
{{Massacres of Poles}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|48.923379|24.710144|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stanislawow Voivodeship}}
[[Category:Stanisławów Voivodeship| ]]
[[Category:Voivodeships of the Second Polish Republic]]
[[Category:History of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Historical geography of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Poland–Ukraine relations (1918–1939)]]