View source for Starodub

{{Short description|Town in Bryansk Oblast, Russia}}
{{Distinguish|Starodub-on-the-Klyazma}}
{{for|a footballer|Dmitri Starodub}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Starodub
|ru_name=Стародуб
|image_skyline=Starodub Cathedral.jpg
|image_caption=Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ
|coordinates = {{coord|52|35|N|32|46|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa= Starodub COA (Chernigov Governorate) (1782).png
|coa_caption=
|federal_subject=[[Bryansk Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref1456" />
|adm_city_jur=Starodubsky [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Administrative Okrug]] (town of oblast significance)
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref1456" />
|adm_ctr_of1=Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref1456" />
|adm_ctr_of2=Starodubsky District
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref25" />
|inhabloc_cat=Town
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref25" />
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|urban_okrug_jur=Starodub Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref27">Law #3-Z</ref>
|mun_admctr_of=Starodub Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref27" />
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|pop_2010census=19010
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|established_date=11th century
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'''Starodub''' ({{langx|ru|Староду́б}}, {{IPA|ru|stərɐˈdup|IPA}}, {{lit|old oak}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in [[Bryansk Oblast]], [[Russia]], on the [[Babinets (river)|Babinets River]] in the [[Dnieper basin]], {{convert|169|km|sp=us}} southwest of [[Bryansk]]. Population: {{ru-census2021|17687|;}} {{ru-census2010|19,010|;}} {{ru-census2002|18,643|;}} {{su-census1989|18,906|;}} 16,000 (1975).

==History==
[[File:Staradub. Старадуб (1535).jpg|left|thumb|Siege of Starodub in 1535 by Polish-Lithuanian forces]]
Starodub has been known since the 11th century, when it was a part of the [[Principality of Chernigov]].<ref name=sgk/> It was plundered by the [[Cumans]] in 1080.<ref name=sgk/> It was burned to the ground by the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] in the 13th century.
[[File:OldStarodub.jpg|thumb|left|Starodub in the late 19th century.]]
It became a part of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] in the 14th century (soon part of the [[Polish–Lithuanian union]]), and Grand Duke [[Algirdas]] rebuilt it as a defensive stronghold against [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovites]] and Tatars.<ref name=sgk/> In 1408, it was granted to Duke [[Švitrigaila]].<ref name=sgk/> In 1503, it passed to the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]]. In 1535, it was besieged and captured by Polish-Lithuanian forces and the defenders were executed however, it soon fell back to Muscovy. In 1616, it was recaptured by the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], within which it became a county seat in the [[Smolensk Voivodeship]].<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI|year=1890|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=247}}</ref> During the [[Smolensk War]], in 1632, it was captured by [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]], however, it was restored to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1634.<ref name=sgk/> In 1648, during the [[Khmelnytskyi Uprising]], [[Zaporozhian Cossacks]] seized the town, and 188 families of local [[Ruthenian nobility]] recognized the Cossack hetman as a new governor,<ref>{{cite book |last= Kotljarchuk|first= Andrej|date= 2006|title= In the Shadows of Poland and Russia: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century|url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:200752/FULLTEXT01.pdf|type= PhD dissertation|publisher= Södertörn University|page= 237|isbn= 9789189315631}}</ref> within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, after which the Ukrainians staged an [[anti-Semitism|anti-Jewish pogrom]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%AD%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1|title=ЕЭБЕ/Стародуб — Викитека|website=ru.wikisource.org|language=ru|access-date=2024-09-29}}</ref> In 1654, it passed to Russia, confirmed in 1686.<ref name=sgk/> In 1660, the town was ravaged by Tatars, and in 1663 it was attacked by the Poles.<ref name=sgk/> Starodub became the center of Starodub [[Regiment (administrative unit)|Cossack Regiment]] and enjoyed a large measure of autonomy between 1666 and 1686. In 1677 the town suffered a fire.<ref name=sgk/>

Starodub retained rudiments of [[Cossack Hetmanate]]'s administrative division until 1782 when it became an [[uyezd]] town. In 1796, Starodub was incorporated into [[Chernigov Governorate]]. In 1867, Starodub had a population of 12,042.<ref name=sgk246/> In 1870, there were ten factories, including nine [[Tanning (leather)|tanneries]].<ref name=sgk246/> Four annual [[fair]]s were held.<ref name=sgk246>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI|page=246}}</ref> In 1918, the town was occupied by the Germans{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} and the town was part of the Ukrainian People's Republic.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} The [[Soviet Russia|Soviet]] authority was instated in November 1918.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

[[File:Сыр Стародубский - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Statue of a cow in front of the Starodub cheese factory]]
During the Soviet period, Starodub was a part of [[Gomel Governorate]] (1919–1926), [[Bryansk Governorate]] (1926–1929), [[Western Oblast]] (1929–1937), and [[Oryol Oblast]] (1937–1944). The town was once again occupied by the [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] between August&nbsp;18, 1941 and September&nbsp;22, 1943. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] battalion for [[Jews]] in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100001190|title=NS-Gefängnis Starodub|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=28 October 2022|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100002298|title=Jüdisches Arbeitsbataillon Starodub|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=28 October 2022|language=de}}</ref> Starodub finally became a part of Bryansk Oblast in 1944.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Starodub serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Starodubsky District]],<ref name="Ref25">Law #13-Z</ref> even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="Ref1456">Law #69-Z</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as '''Starodubsky [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Administrative Okrug]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Bryansk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref25" /> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as '''Starodub Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref1456" />

Prior to January&nbsp;1, 2013, Starodub was administratively incorporated as a [[town of district significance]] within Starodubsky District.

==Architecture==
As a significant center of the Cossack Hetmanate, Starodub is the only place in Russia where authentic examples of [[Ukrainian Baroque]] may be seen. The Nativity Cathedral, built in 1617 and overhauled after a conflagration in 1677, is a typical example of Cossack Baroque. The Epiphany Church goes back to 1789, while the Church of St.&nbsp;Nicholas was erected in the Neoclassical style in 1802.

==Notable people==
* [[Alexandra Ramm-Pfemfert]] (1883–1963), translator
* [[Uri Nissan Gnessin]] (1879–1913), writer
* [[Menahem Gnessin]] (1882–1951), actor
* [[Iosif Vorovich]] (1920-2001), mathematician
* [[Pavlo Skoropadskyi]] (1873–1945), [[Hetman of Ukraine]], went to school in Starodub
* [[Ivan Skoropadskyi]] (1646–1722), [[Hetman of Zaporizhian Host|Zaporizhian Hetman]], was at one point stationed in the town, when he was colonel of the Starodub Cossack regiment

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|bry|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|bry|adm|list}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|bry|mun|list}}

==External links==
*[http://starburg.ru/ Official website of Starodub] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.debryansk.ru/~mir17/index.htm Unofficial website of Starodub] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=783 The murder of the Jews of Starodub] during [[World War II]], at [[Yad Vashem]] website.

{{Bryansk Oblast}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2011}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bryansk Oblast]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Russia]]
[[Category:Rus' towns]]