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{{Short description|1997 film by Paul Verhoeven}}
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{{Use American English|date=October 2022}}
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{{Infobox film
| name           = Starship Troopers
| image          = Starship Troopers - movie poster.jpg
| alt            = A heavily armored soldier shouting, followed by a large crowd of other soldiers, explosive fire lights up the horizon
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Paul Verhoeven]]
| screenplay     = [[Edward Neumeier]]
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[Starship Troopers]]''|[[Robert A. Heinlein]]}}
| producer       = {{plainlist|
* [[Alan Marshall (producer)|Alan Marshall]]
* [[Jon Davison (film producer)|Jon Davison]]
}}
| starring       = {{plainlist|
* [[Casper Van Dien]]
* [[Dina Meyer]]
* [[Denise Richards]]
* [[Jake Busey]]
* [[Neil Patrick Harris]]
* [[Patrick Muldoon]]
* [[Michael Ironside]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Jost Vacano]]
| editing        = {{plainlist|
* [[Mark Goldblatt]]
* Caroline Ross
}}
| music          = [[Basil Poledouris]]
| studio         = {{plainlist|
* [[TriStar Pictures]]
* [[Touchstone Pictures]]
}}
| distributor    = {{plainlist|
* TriStar Pictures<!-- Do not change without a source. This content is sourced in the article. -->
}}
| released       = {{film date|1997|11|04|Westwood|1997|11|07|United States}}
| runtime        = 129 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = $100–110 million
| gross          = $121 million
}}

'''''Starship Troopers''''' is a 1997 American [[Science fiction film|science fiction]] [[action film|action]] film directed by [[Paul Verhoeven]] and written by [[Edward Neumeier]], based on the [[Starship Troopers|1959 novel]] by [[Robert A. Heinlein]]. Set in the 23rd century, the story follows teenager Johnny Rico and his comrades as they serve in the military of the United Citizen Federation, an Earth-based [[world government]] engaged in an [[interstellar war]] against an [[Extraterrestrial life|alien species]] known as the Arachnids. The film stars [[Casper Van Dien]], [[Dina Meyer]], [[Denise Richards]], [[Jake Busey]], [[Neil Patrick Harris]], [[Patrick Muldoon]], and [[Michael Ironside]].

Development of ''Starship Troopers'' began in 1991 as ''Bug Hunt at Outpost 7'', written by Neumeier. After recognizing similarities between Neumeier's script and Heinlein's book, producer [[Jon Davison (film producer)|Jon Davison]] suggested aligning the script more closely with the novel to garner greater interest from studio executives. Despite these efforts development was slow, with studios hesitant to fund the costly project right up to the start of filming. [[Principal photography]] took place between April and October 1996 on a $100–110&nbsp;million budget, of which nearly half was spent on the extensive [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI) and [[practical effect]]s required to vivify the Arachnid creatures.

Released on November 7, 1997, ''Starship Troopers'' faced critical backlash, with reviewers interpreting the film as endorsing [[fascism]] and disparaging its violence and cast performances. Despite initial box office success, collections slowed down amid negative reviews and unfavorable [[word of mouth]], culminating in a $121&nbsp;million total gross against its budget, which made it the [[1997 in film|34th-highest-grossing film]] of 1997. The disappointing performance of ''Starship Troopers'' was blamed, in part, on competition from a high number of successful or anticipated science fiction and genre films released that year, its satire and violence failing to connect with mainstream audiences, and ineffective marketing.

Since its release, ''Starship Troopers'' has been critically re-evaluated and is now considered a [[Cult following|cult classic]] and a prescient satire of fascism and authoritarian governance that has grown in relevance. The film launched a [[Starship Troopers (franchise)|multimedia franchise]] that includes four sequels—''[[Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation]]'' (2004), ''[[Starship Troopers 3: Marauder]]'' (2008), ''[[Starship Troopers: Invasion]]'' (2012), and ''[[Starship Troopers: Traitor of Mars]]'' (2017)—as well as a [[Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles|1999 animated television series]], video games, comics, and a variety of merchandise.

== Plot ==
<!-- Per [[WP:FILMPLOT]], film plots should be between 400 and 700 words. -->
In the future,{{efn-lr|In the director's commentary available on the ''Starship Troopers'' DVD release, Paul Verhoeven states the film takes place in the 23rd century.<ref name="ScreenRant15Things" /><ref name="CBRFascism" />}} Earth is governed by the United Citizen Federation, a [[Stratocracy|stratocratic]] regime founded generations earlier by "veterans" after democracy and social scientists brought civilization to the brink of ruin. Citizenship is exclusively earned through federal service, which grants rights—like voting and procreation—that are withheld from ordinary civilians. Humans, who are now capable of [[interstellar travel]], conduct colonization missions throughout the galaxy, bringing them into conflict with a race of highly evolved insectoid creatures dubbed "Arachnids" or, derisively, "bugs".

Against his parents' objections, teenage [[Jock (stereotype)|jock]] Johnny Rico enlists in the Mobile Infantry to remain close to his girlfriend, spaceship pilot Carmen Ibanez. Their [[psychic]] friend Carl Jenkins joins [[military intelligence]], while Isabelle "Dizzy" Flores—who is in love with Rico—deliberately transfers to his squad. Carmen ends her relationship with Rico due to their diverging career paths and her growing feelings for a fellow pilot, Zander Barcalow. During training, Rico impresses his [[Drill instructor|drill sergeant]], Zim, earning a promotion to squad leader. However, Rico makes a mistake during a training exercise, which leads to the death of a squad member and the resignation of another, resulting in Rico's demotion and [[Flagellation|flogging]]. Disheartened, Rico quits, but re-enlists after learning that an asteroid sent by the Arachnids has destroyed [[Buenos Aires]], killing millions, including his parents.

An invasion force is deployed to Klendathu, the Arachnids' home planet, but military intelligence underestimates the Arachnids' defensive abilities, leading to hundreds of thousands of human casualties. Badly wounded, Rico is rescued by Lieutenant Jean Rasczak, his former high school teacher, but is mistakenly reported dead, devastating Carmen. Following his recovery, Rico, Dizzy, and squadmate Ace Levy join Rasczak's elite unit, the Roughnecks. After Rico defeats a gigantic "Tanker Bug" on the disputed planet of Tango Urilla, he is elevated to the rank of corporal for his valor and begins a romantic relationship with Dizzy.

Responding to a distress signal on the Arachnid-controlled Planet P, the Roughnecks discover an Arachnid-ravaged outpost and are ambushed by the bugs. Carmen and Zander recover the surviving Roughnecks by dropship, but not before Dizzy is fatally impaled by an Arachnid and Rico [[Euthanasia|mercy kills]] the mutilated Rasczak. The group returns to the fleet assembled in orbit above P, where Dizzy is eulogized.

Jenkins, now a colonel, reveals the Roughnecks were deliberately ordered into the trap, justifying it as a necessary sacrifice to confirm the existence of a "Brain Bug", an intelligent Arachnid strategically directing the others. He assigns Rico command of the Roughnecks and [[Battlefield promotion|field-promotes]] him to lieutenant, instructing him to return to P and capture the Brain Bug. As the battle commences, Carmen's ship is destroyed by the Arachnids; she and Zander escape in an escape pod, but it crashes into an underground tunnel system. The pair are captured by the Arachnids, and the Brain Bug consumes Zander's brain, killing him and absorbing his knowledge. Rico directs his squad to complete their mission while he, Ace, and their squadmate Watkins rescue Carmen and hold the Arachnids at bay with a [[Tactical nuclear weapon|miniature nuclear bomb]].

The Brain Bug escapes while the Arachnids attack and fatally wound Watkins, who sacrifices himself by detonating the bomb while his teammates escape. On the surface, they learn that Zim has captured the Brain Bug and the assembled troops rejoice as Jenkins psychically detects it is afraid. A [[propaganda]] broadcast details how the Brain Bug is being invasively studied to learn its secrets and ensure humanity's victory. The ad encourages viewers to enlist and do their part in the war so they can become like Carmen, now captain of her own ship, and Rico, who enthusiastically leads his troops into another battle.

== Cast ==
{{multiple image
| total_width = 500
| direction = horizontal
| align = right
| footer = (Left to right) [[Casper Van Dien]] (pictured in 2012), [[Dina Meyer]] (2012), and [[Denise Richards]] (2009)
| image1 = Casper Van Dien by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| alt1 = A photograph of Casper Van Dien
| image2 = Dina Meyer by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| alt2 = A photograph of Dina Meyer
| image3 = Denise Richards 2009.jpg
| alt3 = A photograph of Denise Richards
}}
* [[Casper Van Dien]] as Johnny Rico, a school sports star turned infantryman<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" />
* [[Dina Meyer]] as Dizzy Flores, Rico's former classmate who joins the Mobile Infantry to stay close to him<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="ScreenRantDizzy" />
* [[Denise Richards]] as Carmen Ibanez, an aspiring starship pilot and Rico's girlfriend<ref name="WaPoReviewKempley" />
* [[Jake Busey]] as Ace Levy, an infantryman<ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" />
* [[Neil Patrick Harris]] as Carl Jenkins, a psychic who joins military intelligence.<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" />
* [[Clancy Brown]] as Sergeant Zim, Rico's drill sergeant during training<ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" />
* [[Seth Gilliam]] as Sugar Watkins, a member of the Roughnecks special forces unit<ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" />
* [[Patrick Muldoon]] as Zander Barcalow, Rico's rival who is romantically interested in Carmen<ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" />
* [[Michael Ironside]] as Jean Rasczak, a former teacher turned squad leader<ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" />

Infantry characters include [[Blake Lindsley]] as Katrina, Tami-Adrian George as Djana'd,{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=78}}<ref name="EWShowerScene" /> [[Eric Bruskotter]] as Breckinridge, Matt Levin as Kitten Smith, and [[Anthony Ruivivar]] as Shujumi.<ref name="BFICast" /> The rest of the cast includes [[Rue McClanahan]] as a biology teacher, [[Marshall Bell]] as General Owen, [[Brenda Strong]] as Captain Deladier, and [[Dean Norris]] as Commanding Officer. [[Christopher Curry (actor)|Christopher Curry]] and [[Lenore Kasdorf]] appear as Mr. and Mrs. Rico, while [[Bruce Gray]] and [[Denise Dowse]] appear as Sky Marshals Dienes and Meru.<ref name="BFICast" /> Corporals Bronski and Birdie are portrayed by Teo Smoot and Ungela Brockman,{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=85,95}} Sergeant Gillespie by Curnal Aulisio,{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=96}} and [[Robert David Hall]] portrays a heavily disfigured Recruitment Sergeant.<ref name="CBRRetro" /> [[Amy Smart]] appears as a pilot cadet,<ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey" /> and [[Timothy Omundson]] portrays a psychic.<ref name="Omundson" />

Cameo appearances include producer [[Jon Davison (film producer)|Jon Davison]] as an Angry Survivor of the Buenos Aires asteroid attack, and writer [[Edward Neumeier]] as a handcuffed prisoner standing before Federation judges. Verhoeven's assistant, Stacy Lumbrezer, appears as a smiling woman during a psychic advertisement, and Paul Sammon, author of ''The Making of Starship Troopers'', appears as a man feeding a cow to an Arachnid.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=101}}

== Production ==
===Development as ''Bug Hunt at Outpost 7''===
Since the release of ''[[RoboCop]]'' (1987), producer Jon Davison had aimed to develop another project that would reunite key members of its creative team, including writer Edward Neumeier and [[stop motion]] animator [[Phil Tippett]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=5}} Neumeier and his co-writer Michael Miner had struggled to develop new story ideas in the intervening years and, realizing their partnership was no longer effective, Neumeier began working alone on a [[Film treatment|story treatment]] titled ''Bug Hunt at Outpost 7''.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=6}}<ref name="DeadspinRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /> His treatment was intended to be a comedic, [[Jingoism|jingoistic]], and [[xenophobia|xenophobic]] war film pitting the heroes against insects—chosen due to his wife's fear of them—set against the backdrop of a teenage romance story.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=6}}<ref name="LATimesSep1996" />

In December 1991, Neumeier brought his treatment to Davison at [[Warner Bros. Studios Burbank|Warner Bros. Studios, Burbank]], which also headquartered [[TriStar Pictures]], with whom Davison had a pre-existing development deal.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=6}} Davison realized the treatment bore similarities to the 1959 science fiction novel, ''[[Starship Troopers]]'', by [[Robert A. Heinlein]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=6}}<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /> The novel had received a strongly divided reception on its release for promoting military power and necessary violence while criticizing [[social liberalism|liberal social programs]], but had remained a popular work.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=vii}} Neumeier and Davison considered directly adapting ''Starship Troopers'', but Davison assumed the film adaptation rights would already be taken and encouraged Neumeier to continue with his treatment, retitled ''Outpost 7''.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=6–7}}

By late 1992, Neumeier had completed the ''Outpost 7'' treatment, alternately known as ''Bug Hunt''. Davison presented it to TriStar executive [[Chris Lee (producer)|Chris Lee]], who rejected it. Neumeier and Davison learned that the rights for ''Starship Troopers'' were available and instead pitched an adaptation of the novel using elements of ''Outpost 7''. Lee was more receptive, and the pair also gained support from other executives, including TriStar head of production [[Mike Medavoy]], who had supported their work on ''RoboCop''.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=7}} The rights to ''Starship Troopers'' were purchased and Neumeier began adapting ''Outpost 7'' to more closely fit Heinlein's novel.<ref name="DeadspinRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=7}}<ref name="ScreenRantRetro" />

===Development as ''Starship Troopers''===
{{multiple image
| total_width = 300
| direction = horizontal
| align = right
| footer = Director [[Paul Verhoeven]] (left, pictured in 2016) and writer [[Edward Neumeier]] (2007)
| image1 = Paul Verhoeven Cannes 2016.jpg
| alt1 = A 2016 photograph of Paul Verhoeven|
| image2 = Edward Neumeier 2007.jpg
| alt2 = A photograph of Edward Neumeier
}}
Progress was slow as TriStar regularly replaced executives, including Medavoy, and high cost or risk projects, like ''Starship Troopers'', were more closely scrutinized.<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=14}} Davison spent much of 1993 securing several key crew including Tippett and ''RoboCop'' director [[Paul Verhoeven]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=8–10, 14}} Neumeier and Davison said Verhoeven was their only choice to direct ''Starship Troopers'' because they determined the fantastical creatures, genre, and political subtext suited his creative sensibilities.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=9–10}}<ref name="SyFyRetro" />}} Verhoeven recruited [[Alan Marshall (producer)|Alan Marshall]] as a producer, having worked with him on ''[[Basic Instinct]]'' (1992) and his most recent project ''[[Showgirls]]'' (1995).{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=11–20}} Despite Verhoeven's previous successes leading into the early 1990s, he was in need of a promising project as his efforts to develop the pirate adventure ''Mistress of the Seas'' and the [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]-starring ''Crusade'' had failed. ''Showgirls'' would go on to fail financially and earn him the worst reviews of his career.<ref name="SyFyRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=10–11}}<ref name="EscapistRetro" />

By 1994, TriStar remained reluctant to move ''Starship Troopers'' into pre-production.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=16}} Key crew members, including Davison and Verhoeven, decided to produce test footage to demonstrate their intended visual style and tone.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=16}} TriStar paid $225,000 toward development of the "Bug Test", a brief scene filmed at [[Vasquez Rocks]] near Los Angeles on July 21, 1994.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=16–17}} Although still busy filming ''Showgirls'', Verhoeven directed the sequence, which was filmed by [[John Hora]] and a 30-person crew. The sequence depicts a soldier (played by [[Mitch Gaylord]]) being pursued and killed by two Warrior Bugs, which were animated by [[Tippett Studio]]; Neumeier makes a cameo appearance as a dead soldier.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=17}} The visual effects were finished by September, and the footage screened for TriStar executives in early October.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=18}} Executives including Lee and [[Mark Canton]] were impressed with the visual effects and did not realize they were [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI). They approved moving into pre-production, but other executives remained non-committal on providing any substantial funding.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=18}}

In early 1995, Davison developed a detailed budget totalling $90&nbsp;million, based on Neumeier's third draft.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=13, 18–19}} TriStar rejected this amount, citing the financial failure of the $200&nbsp;million-budgeted ''[[Waterworld]]'' (1995), which resulted in the firing of several executives at [[Universal Pictures]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=13}} TriStar executives determined that, to move forward, the cost of ''Starship Troopers'' had to be split with a business partner.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=19}} Davison screened the Bug Test for potential suitors, attracting the interest of [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=20}} An agreement was reached between TriStar, its parent company [[Sony Pictures]], and Disney to produce ''Starship Troopers'' via TriStar and Disney's [[Touchstone Pictures]], splitting the budget costs and box office profits evenly, in exchange for Touchstone receiving all distribution rights to the film outside the United States and Canada.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=20}}<ref name="LAtimesTouchstoneSony" /> Each studio was also given creative input on the film and its marketing.<ref name="LAtimesTouchstoneSony" />
{{Clear}}

===Writing===
Neumeier began adapting the ''Starship Troopers'' novel at the beginning of 1993, working from his office in [[Eagle Rock, Los Angeles]].<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=8–9}} He was concerned about how to translate the tone of Heinlein's work because of the controversy surrounding its release, which identified Heinlein as alternately a [[Conservatism|conservative]], [[Militarism|militarist]], [[Libertarianism|libertarian]], and [[Fascism|fascist]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=3, 11–12}}<ref name="EmpireDutch" /> The novel espouses the benefits of military service, citizenship, and masculinity.<ref name="EmpireDutch" /> Heinlein described the central theme as being "that a man, to be truly human, must be unhesitatingly willing at all times to lay down his life for his fellow man. [This theme] is based on the twin concepts of love and duty—and how they are related to the survival of our race".{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=4}} Neuimeier and Davison wanted to accurately depict the novel's viewpoint and believed that audiences would appreciate the concept of a failing democracy and stricter cultural controls.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=12}}

Certain aspects of the novel were challenging for Neumeier to adapt. While he considered the first and third acts narratively strong, he felt the middle act—focusing on Rico's boot camp experience—was an overly long piece preaching to Heinlein's readership, which would not translate well to film.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=12}} To address this, he identified key elements such as the high school opening, boot camp, battles, and the underlying philosophy and sociopolitics. To compensate for the slower second act, he expanded on certain themes, including the teenage romance, drawing from his own experiences of pursuing women who had no interest in him.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=12–13}} The first draft was completed on July 8, 1993.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=11}} It remained generally faithful to Heinlein's novel, including a secondary alien race known as the "Skinnies"; the "Bounce", a technology allowing infantry members to make jet-assisted superhuman jumps; and power armor, which granted the troops superhuman strength.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=13}} A copy was sent to Heinlein's wife, who was pleased with it.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=13}}

Verhoeven tried, and failed, to read the novel, finding it uninteresting and too politically [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]].<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="DeadspinRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /> He had Neumeier summarize the narrative, and found it militaristic, fascistic, and overly supportive of armed conflict, which clashed with Verhoeven's childhood experiences in the [[Netherlands in World War II|German-occupied Netherlands]] during [[World War II]].{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="DeadspinRetro" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" />}} Verhoeven decided to use the basic plot to satirize and undermine the book's themes by deconstructing the concepts of [[totalitarianism]], fascism, and militarism, saying: "All the way through I wanted the audience to be asking, 'Are [the characters] crazy?{{'"}}{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="CBRRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=vii}}<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" />}} His contributions to Neumeier's second draft included developing the romantic subplot between Rico and Carmen, and combining the male character Dizzy with a Neumeier-created female character called Ronnie who was romantically interested in Rico. This, in turn, led Neumeier to develop [[love triangle|romantic triangles]] between Dizzy, Rico, Carmen, and Zander.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=19}}

The Skinnies were removed, because Verhoeven thought depicting an additional alien race would be confusing, while queen bugs and advanced canines called neo-dogs were considered financially unviable.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=30}} Other financially motivated changes included the removal of the Bounce and the Drop, a method of inserting troops from orbit in capsules that shed consecutive layers during landing.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=30}} Preliminary designs were made of the capsules, but attached to parachutes, which did not match the intended aesthetic, and adding rockets was deemed impractical, because it would have required numerous different visual effects and taken too much time to accomplish.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=31}} In addition to cost, the Bounce was removed, because the troops would look like they were on pogo sticks and it made it too easy to avoid Arachnid attacks.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=12, 30–31}} The Arachnids were made more insect-like, as Verhoeven did not want them to wield weaponry or act like humanoids.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" /> The most controversial omission from the novel, for fans, was the power armor. Davison said that despite the importance of the armor, it was financially impossible to create hundreds of suits for the cast and extras.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=32–33}} He and Verhoeven initially agreed to use the power armor sparingly, and integrate various different ideas such as the Bounce into them, but later determined it gave the troops too much of a combat advantage.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=33}}

The FedNet sequences, the main source of information in the future, were invented for the film, representing how Neumeier believed television and computers would eventually be combined.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=64}} Neumeier completed his third and final draft by early 1995.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=19}} Verhoeven described the script as being about contemporary American politics, such as a lack of [[Gun politics in the United States|gun control]] and increasing [[Capital punishment in the United States|capital punishment]] under [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] [[George W. Bush]], which he believed could potentially lead to fascism. The characters of ''Starship Troopers'', he said, were "fascists who aren't aware of their fascism".<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="EscapistRetro" /> He said: "If I tell the world that a right-wing, fascist way of doing things doesn't work, no one will listen to me. So I'm going to make a perfect fascist world: everyone is beautiful, everything is shiny, everything has big guns and fancy ships but it's only good for killing fucking Bugs!"<ref name="ScreenRantRetro" />

===Pre-production===
Under the company name Big Bug Pictures, the ''Starship Troopers'' team worked in a large suite in the Astaire Building at [[Sony Pictures Studios]] in [[Culver City, California]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=19, 39}} While pre-production began in earnest by September 1995, after Verhoeven concluded work on ''Showgirls'',{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=19}} he had already spent several months producing over 4,000 storyboard images of the ''Starship Troopers'' script. Conscious that the Arachnids, among other CGI elements, would be added after filming, he wanted a detailed image of how each scene would be set out during filming.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=19,36}} Storyboard artists Robin Richesson and Giacomo Ghiazzi refined Verhoeven's storyboards, the majority of the comic book–style art being done by Ghiazzi.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=36}}

Many key crew members were hired in 1996, including Verhoeven's long-time cinematographer [[Jost Vacano]],<ref name="ASCMag" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=28, 42}} as well as [[Vic Armstrong]] ([[Second unit#Directors|second unit director]] and [[stunt coordinator]]), [[Mark Goldblatt]] ([[Film editing|editor]]), [[John Richardson (special effects designer)|John Richardson]] ([[special effects supervisor]]), [[Basil Poledouris]] ([[composer|music composer]]),{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=42}} and [[Robert Latham Brown]] (production manager).{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=39}} Tippett also hired the nearly 100 additional staff required to realize the Arachnids, including [[Craig Hayes]] (visual effects artist) and [[Trey Stokes]] (animation department head).{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=28}} Davison's responsibilities focused on the special effects, while Marshall was concerned more with the filming.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=24}}

Production designer Allan Cameron and location manager Bill Bowling scouted several filming locations, but rejected most as they did not consider them particularly unique. Others, such as the [[Valley of Fire State Park]] in Nevada, had too many environmental restrictions which could delay filming, and obtaining the necessary permits was slow due to an [[1995–1996 United States federal government shutdowns|extended period of U.S. government shutdowns]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=52}} Bowling identified [[Hell's Half Acre (Wyoming)|Hell's Half Acre]], located just outside [[Casper, Wyoming]], which offered colorful [[butte]]s and pinnacles to portray the alien planets of Klendathu and Planet P, although it was rife with rattlesnakes.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=52–53, 56}}<ref name="StrangeHorizons" /> The location was remote, about {{Convert abbreviated|45|mile|km}} or an hour's drive from the production office and hotels for the cast and crew. It offered other logistical challenges as it was generally undeveloped land, requiring the production to build roads for the trucks carrying gear into the canyons for filming.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=56}} Anything that could not be transported by road was lowered by helicopter.<ref name="ASCMag" /> Construction of some on-location sets such as Whiskey Outpost camp began in February 1996 and took six weeks.<ref name="ASCMag" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=53}} The local government was supportive of the project, subsidizing the building of the roads and camp.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=56}}

Another, more easily accessible location, Barry Barber Ranch near [[Kadoka, South Dakota]], and the [[Badlands National Park]], featured little vegetation and a smooth, undulating landscape, which was chosen to portray Tango Urilla.<ref name="StrangeHorizons" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=53}}<ref name="VarietyTango" /> As pre-production continued, Davison remained concerned about TriStar's ongoing executive turnover and its inconsistent commitment to funding.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=53}} Verhoeven believed the repeated regime changes at the studio worked in their favor, as the project was overlooked until it was too late to cancel it.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="AVClubVerhoevenInt" /><ref name="RollingStoneVerho2016" />}}

===Casting===
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 300
| direction         = horizontal
| align             = left
| footer            = (Left to right) [[Michael Ironside]] and [[Jake Busey]] (both pictured in 2009). They portrayed Lieutenant Jean Rasczak, and Private Ace Levy, respectively.
| image1            = Michael Ironside WOH-06 (cropped).jpg
| alt1              = A photograph of Michael Ironside
| image2            = Jake Busey (cropped).JPG
| alt2              = A photograph of Jake Busey
}}

Verhoeven wanted a cast who visually embodied the [[Aryan race|Aryan]], blonde, blue-eyed, and beautiful image he had perceived in the [[Propaganda in Nazi Germany|Nazi propaganda]] films ''[[Triumph of the Will]]'' (1935) and ''[[Olympia (1938 film)|Olympia]]'' (1938) by [[Leni Riefenstahl]].{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" />}} He focused on popular film actors in their late teens and early twenties, but realized that many of the contemporary stars he wanted, such as [[Chris O'Donnell]] and [[Christian Slater]], were already in their thirties—which would make the characters seem less naive—or committed to other projects.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=42–43}}{{sfn|Guéret|2016|p=128}} Although television actors were still generally overlooked when casting films, the production looked at shows such as ''[[Melrose Place]]'' and ''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'', which featured young, photogenic, but less well known actors, such as Casper Van Dien, Denise Richards, and Dina Meyer.<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=42–43}}

Van Dien performed five auditions for the Rico role,{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=46}} and underwent eight months of training after securing it, gaining {{Convert abbreviated|5|lb|kg}} of muscle and losing {{Convert abbreviated|3.5|inch|cm}} from his waist.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" /> [[Mark Wahlberg]] and [[Matt Damon]] also auditioned, but Verhoeven believed Van Dien closely fit the Riefenstahl aesthetic.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /> Richards also performed five auditions to portray Carmen in November and December 1995, before finally [[screen test]]ing against Van Dien.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=46–47}}<ref name="EWRichards" /><ref name="DigitalSpyRichards" /> Meyer's agent recommended auditioning for Carmen, but she wanted to portray Dizzy because she thought she could convey the character's "heart" and vulnerability at being overlooked by Rico because her toughness makes her seem like just another guy.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=47–48}}

Neil Patrick Harris was mainly known for portraying a child doctor on ''[[Doogie Howser, M.D.]]'' (1989–1993), and wanted a project that would shed that image as he moved into his adult career.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /> He described Jenkins as almost two separate characters, Rico's geeky and funny friend who becomes worn, pale, and troubled by his responsibilities.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=69}} Making his feature film debut, Patrick Muldoon described his character Zander as ambiguous and competitive, while Verhoeven and Neumeier saw him as possessing a darker side.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=70}} Jake Busey considered Ace Levy to be an integral character necessary for releasing the tension for the audience by finding the humor in macabre situations.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=78}} Seth Gilliam said his character is like a [[Vietnam War]] veteran who cannot adapt to life outside war.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=94}}

Clancy Brown portrays Sergeant Zim, a "crusty, macho, jingoistic, ultimately admirable drill instructor". Brown based his performance on archetypical drill instructors from military films such as ''[[The D.I.]]'' (1957) and ''[[Full Metal Jacket]]'' (1987), as well as taking guidance from retired Marine captain [[Dale Dye]], who said that Brown should act as if his soldiers are watching his every move.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=77}} Verhoeven was a fan of Michael Ironside, having attempted to cast him in ''RoboCop'' and giving him a central role in ''[[Total Recall (1990 film)|Total Recall]]'' (1990).<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=66}} Ironside's Jean Rasczak appears early in ''Starship Troopers'' to set the tone, and was an original creation combining two characters from the novel: Rico's teacher, Lieutenant Colonel Jean V. Dubois, and Lieutenant Rasczak, a heroic soldier.<ref name="CBRRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=66, 94}}

Members of the principal cast, including Van Dien, Meyer, Busey, Gilliam and Curnal Aulisio, and 24 [[Extra (acting)|extras]] undertook twelve days of [[Military recruit training|military training]], led by Dye, from April 17, 1996, to the start of filming.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=60–61}} Conducted in Hell's Half Acre, the training included basic combat skills and tactics as Dye perceived they may evolve centuries in the future.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=61, 63}} Activities included a daily 3-mile (4.8 km) run, marching, and weapon handling. Those involved slept in open-air military tents, dealing with the harsh conditions, including {{Convert abbreviated|2|ft|m}} of snow and ice following a blizzard, and windstorms. Extra Julia Rupkalvis's experience during the training led to her becoming a key assistant to Dye while training the hundreds of extras portraying troopers.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=63}} As Richards was not in the infantry cast, she did not have to participate, but chose to anyway, later remarking how she, Van Dien, and Busey bonded while huddling together for warmth during the blizzard.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />

===Filming===
{{see also|Special effects of Starship Troopers#Sets and locations|l1=''Starship Troopers'' sets and locations}}
[[File:HellsHalfAcre.JPG|thumb|right|Badlands of [[Hell's Half Acre (Wyoming)|Hell's Half Acre]], Natrona County, Wyoming, where parts of ''Starship Troopers'' were filmed.]]
[[Principal photography]] began on April 29, 1996, with six weeks of filming in Hell's Half Acre.<ref name="ASCMag" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=53,150}} The area featured extreme weather conditions, including hot days, frigid evenings, blizzards, and {{convert|80|mph|adj=on}} wind storms that affected much of the on-site equipment, requiring replacements to be flown in on a regular basis.<ref name="ASCMag" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=56}} It was also temporarily evacuated after torrential rain mixed with [[bentonite]] in the soil, creating a slick surface. The crew returned two weeks later to find that miles of electrical cables, some equipment, and even cars had sunk into the mud. Only a few days of filming were lost, however, as a local warehouse had been converted into a soundstage.<ref name="ASCMag" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=56}} The conditions also caused respiratory and exhaustion issues among the crew, and many were treated for [[heat stroke]] after wearing heavy costumes in the {{Convert abbreviated|115|F|C}} heat, including Busey. Production was paused for a week while he recovered, costing $1.5&nbsp;million a day.<ref name="CBRRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=150}}<ref name="EsquireBusey" /> A Klendathu night battle sequence filmed there featured about 1,300 background trooper extras for each night of filming.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=57,65}}

A [[steadicam]] was used for most filming, with occasional handheld footage for battle scenes, inspired by the 1944 [[Normandy landings]], to make the audience feel like a part of the scene.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=57,65}} Most effects scenes were shot early in the schedule so there was sufficient time for the effects team to complete their work.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=123}} The cast struggled with scenes in which they had to interact with blank space that would later be filled with CGI creations. Cardboard cutouts, tennis balls, flags, and even Verhoeven wielding a broom were methods used to indicate where the creatures would be.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="LATimesSep1996" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="ASCMag" />}}

In May, during the [[Memorial Day]] holiday weekend, an oncoming driver struck a car carrying crew, resulting in the deaths of two crew members, their driver, and severely injuring television personality [[Rachel Campos-Duffy|Rachel Campos]], the girlfriend of one of the dead crew members.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=150–151}} Counselling was offered for the remaining cast and crew, who provided donations towards Campos's recovery.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=151}} Filming moved to Barry Barber Ranch on June 14, for scenes set on Klendathu and Tango Urilla,{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="EmpireDutch" /><ref name="ASCMag" /><ref name="StrangeHorizons" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=150}}}} before returning to Casper on June 26.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=150}} The post Tango Urilla battle celebration was filmed at Vasquez Rocks.<ref name="StrangeHorizons" />

On the crew's flight to Los Angeles on June 29, an intoxicated crew member mentioned a bomb, resulting in the plane being evacuated, cargo searched, and all passengers being detained. The crew member was arrested while the remaining team waited another day for a flight, losing a rest day and a day of filming.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=150}} Filming on sets began in early July, including the Buenos Aires education center classroom, biology lab, and Jenkins's basement sets, which were built at Sony Studios.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=65,67–69, 150}} The Jump Ball scene was filmed at the [[Walter Pyramid|Long Beach Pyramid]] arena.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=69}} Van Dien, Meyer, and Muldoon performed many of their own stunts for the scene, apart from flips and somersaults, and encouraged each other to be physically rough.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=70}} The exam results scene and the prom were both filmed at [[Kaiser Permanente|Kaiser Permanente Medical Center]] in [[Baldwin Park, California|Baldwin Park]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=66,70}} The Federal Recruitment Center scene and following segment in which Carmen leaves by train were filmed over four days at the [[Los Angeles Convention Center]], which Verhoeven chose because he considered its architecture to be futuristic and clean.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=70–71}} Some scenes were also filmed at the [[Park Plaza Hotel (Los Angeles)|Park Plaza Hotel]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=101}}

Camp Currie boot camp scenes were filmed at [[Mile Square Regional Park]] in [[Fountain Valley, California|Fountain Valley]], which Cameron favored for its abandoned World War II blimp runway onto which they installed a top coat of tarmac and paint for a parade ground. It also fit their image of a low-pollution Earth, being surrounded by flat ground and trees.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=72}} The co-ed nude shower scene was filmed on a set at Sony Pictures with about fifteen cast members. The set was cleared of all but the cast, Verhoeven, and Vacano, who also undressed at the cast's request.<ref name="EmpireDutch" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=82}}<ref name="DigitalSpyat20" /> A separate nude scene was written for Richards, but she refused to take part, as she did not see the purpose.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />

Armstrong's [[second unit]] filmed action sequences as well as the complex stunts and special effect scenes that would be time-consuming for the main unit. He delegated much of the main unit stunt work to Dickey Beer to avoid overworking himself.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=58–60}} The fight between Rico and Zander was mainly performed by Van Dien and Muldoon while wearing padding suits.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=90}} Van Dien was injured during a stunt that involved him riding on the back of a gigantic moving fiberglass "Tanker Bug" shell. The movement kept slamming him into the shell as he was held in place with ropes, chipping one of his teeth and bruising his ribs over the three and a half days of filming, but he refused to mention the pain and risk stalling filming.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" /> One of the more dangerous stunts came near the end of filming, involving Van Dien, Busey, and Richards running out of an Arachnid tunnel followed by a real explosion. Only one take was done and they were told that, if someone tripped, they should pick them up and keep moving.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />

Despite the difficult conditions and obstacles, principal photography concluded on October 16, 1996, only slightly over schedule, after six months of filming generally six days a week.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=99–100, 123}} Second unit filming concluded a week later on October 23, after filming various explosions and background scenery.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=99}}

===Post-production===
Post-production began in late October 1996, and concluded in August 1997.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=100,128}} ''Starship Troopers'' was edited by Mark Goldblatt with co-editor Caroline Ross.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=122–123}} Goldblatt described Verhoeven as very collaborative, allowing them to interpret his footage in their own way and to provide input during filming on how special effects may be staged. Even so, Goldblatt said Verhoeven was conservative with what he filmed and generally only captured what he wanted with no [[Camera coverage|coverage footage]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=123}} Some scenes were changed for the release, including trimming the scene of the Brain Bug sucking brains.<ref name="CBRRetro" /> A separate scene of a soldier being decapitated by an Arachnid was removed preemptively to avoid a restrictive [[Motion Picture Association film rating system#NC-17|NC-17]] release rating.<ref name="ScreenNC17" /> Another scene, of Carmen kissing Rico during the finale, was cut, because [[Test screening|test audiences]] thought it was immoral after Zander's death, and were unconvinced that Carmen could love both men simultaneously. The audiences were also unhappy with Carmen choosing her career over her relationship with Rico and wanted her to die instead of Dizzy.<ref name="CBRRetro" />

Additional supplemental scenes were filmed during this period, primarily the FedNet propaganda sequences, as there was no time to complete these during principal photography. Filmed over a week in late January 1997, with many of the same crew, including Verhoeven and Vacano, mainly on location in and around Los Angeles, the FedNet sequences included survivors digging through the remains of Buenos Aires, shot on a vacant lot in downtown Los Angeles that was dressed with broken concrete and flame effects. Another scene of a psychic with a third eye was filmed in a [[Delta Air Lines]] hangar at the [[Los Angeles International Airport]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=101}} Two [[rough cut]] screenings were held for executives on May 29 and 30, 1997, receiving a positive reaction with discussions of a sequel.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=131–132}} ''Starship Troopers'' is reported to have had a final budget of $100–$110&nbsp;million.<ref name="LATimesSep1996" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="NYTimesNov1097" />{{efn-lr|The 1997 production budget of $100–$110&nbsp;million is equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|100000000|1997}}}}–${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|110000000|1997}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}.}}

===Visual effects===
{{see also|Special effects of Starship Troopers|l1=Special effects of ''Starship Troopers''}}
About half of the budget for ''Starship Troopers'' was dedicated to realizing the required 500 visual effect shots.<ref name="NYTimesNov1097" /> Tippett Studio was mainly responsible for producing effects relating to the Arachnids while [[Sony Pictures Imageworks]] (SPI) was tasked with spaceship effects.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=49}} Davison wanted to use other studios, but it was made clear to him by studio executives that the film would not receive financing without using the in-house studio.<ref name="LAtimesTouchstoneSony" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=49}} Jim Martin and SPI art director Michael Scheffe were mainly responsible for the design of the crafts, with Martin providing broad outlines which were given greater detail and a more consistent appearance by Scheffe.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=105}} Using SPI would lead to production problems, with their contributions falling months behind schedule and those effects that were completed being deemed insufficient by the filmmakers,{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=49–102}} resulting in the hiring of [[Industrial Light & Magic]] (ILM) and [[Boss Film Studios]] to complete the effects work.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=105, 111–112, 114}}<ref name="ASCMagStarshipFX" /> Many miniatures were made of the ships for different scenes, some of them measuring up to {{Convert abbreviated|18|ft|m}} long.<ref name="ASCMagStarshipFX" />

Designing the Arachnids was a collaborative process between Tippett, Hayes, Davison, Neumeier, and Verhoeven.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=14}} The final designs included the Warrior, Tanker, Plasma, Hopper, and Brain bugs. While CGI was the main method of realizing the creatures, some practical appliances were built by [[Amalgamated Dynamics]], including two full-scale mechanized Warrior bugs capable of lifting an adult in their jaws.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=15, 48–49}}<ref name="ASCMagCreatureFX" />

===Music===
{{Main|Starship Troopers (soundtrack)|l1=''Starship Troopers'' (soundtrack)}}
{{Listen|filename=Starship Troopers 1997 film - Klendathu Drop.ogg|title=Basil Poledouris&nbsp;– "Klendathu Drop"|description=The score for ''Starship Troopers'' derived from Basil Poledouris's theme for the ''Rodger Young'' spacecraft, later titled "Klendathu Drop"|format=[[Ogg]]}}
The score for ''Starship Troopers'' was composed by Basil Poledouris over six months.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=126}}<ref name="FilmTracks" /> Poledouris intended to score the film as an action movie, but Verhoeven wanted the music to offer a realistic background for the characters' experiences. As a result, Poledouris focused on creating a sense of excitement, passion, and poignancy.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=126–127}} Verhoeven chose Poledouris's theme for the ''[[Rodger Young#Legacy|Rodger Young]]'' spaceship, titled "Klendathu Drop", as the basis for the overall score.<ref name="FilmTracks" /> Poledouris developed themes for specific characters and relationships, including the one between Rico and Dizzy, whom he considered the "heart" of ''Starship Troopers'', but did not create a theme for the Arachnids as he wanted their distinct noises to contrast with the score.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=127}} The score was recorded on a Sony Studios recording stage between June and September 1997, with a full orchestra of 97 musicians using acoustic and percussion instruments.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=128}} Evelyn Oz, a band including Poledouris's daughter, Zoë, performs two songs during the prom scene: an original song, "Into It", and a lyrically modified "[[Outside (David Bowie album)|I Have Not Been to Oxford Town]]", composed by [[David Bowie]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=128}}

==Release==
===Marketing===
''Starship Troopers'' was initially scheduled for release on July 2, 1997, but was later pushed back to July 25, then September, and finally November 7.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="ASCMag" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=104}} These shifts were made to allow more time to complete special effects work and increase public awareness of the film, but it was also thought that ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]'', which starred popular actors, were more commercially viable options for Sony Pictures.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|pp=104, 132}}{{sfn|Warren|2016|p=124}} Alan Marshall stated that no one involved in ''Starship Troopers'' was happy about delaying an anticipated blockbuster to after the peak theatrical season.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=104}}<ref name="LATimesAnticipated" /> The first trailer for ''Starship Troopers'' was released on November 22, 1996, appearing before ''[[Star Trek: First Contact]]'', with the second playing before ''Men in Black'' and ''Air Force One'' in 1997.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=130}}

===Box office===
{{See also|1997 in film}}
The premiere of ''Starship Troopers'' took place on November 4, 1997, in [[Westwood, Los Angeles]], with an afterparty at the [[Museum of Flying]].<ref name="LAtimesTouchstoneSony" />

In the United States and Canada, the film was released on November 7, 1997. During its opening weekend, the film grossed approximately $22.1&nbsp;million from 2,971 theaters—an average of $7,424 per theater—making it the top film of the weekend, beating out ''[[Bean (film)|Bean]]'' ($12.7&nbsp;million) and ''[[I Know What You Did Last Summer]]'' ($6.5&nbsp;million), both in their fourth weekend.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="BomWeeekend1" /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' gave 1,000 tickets for ''Bean'' to young boys as a test, and recorded that many then snuck into the [[Motion Picture Association film rating system#MPA film ratings|R-rated]] ''Starship Troopers''.<ref name="CBRRetro" />

In its second weekend, the film dropped to second place, grossing $10&nbsp;million, ahead of the re-release of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' ($9.8&nbsp;million) and behind the debut of ''[[The Jackal (1997 film)|The Jackal]]'' ($15.2&nbsp;million). This represented a 54% decrease from the previous weekend's box office.<ref name="BomWeeekend2" /><ref name="LATimesBO54Percent" /> In its third weekend, ''Starship Troopers'' fell to seventh place with a box office gross of $4.7&nbsp;million, and left the top 10 highest-grossing films by its sixth weekend in mid-December.<ref name="BomWeeekend3" /><ref name="TheNumbersBO" /> The film left most theaters by the end of the year with a total box office gross of about $54.8&nbsp;million, making it the 33rd&nbsp;highest-grossing film of the year in the U.S. and Canada.<ref name="BomWeeekend3" /><ref name="TheNumbersBO" /><ref name="TheNumbersDomestic1997" />

Outside the U.S. and Canada, the film is estimated to have grossed an additional $66.3&nbsp;million, giving it a worldwide box office of $121&nbsp;million, and making it the 34th&nbsp;highest-grossing film worldwide that year.<ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="TheNumbersBO" /><ref name="TheNumbersworldwide" />{{efn-lr|The 1997 theatrical box office gross of $121&nbsp;million is equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|121000000|1997}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}.}} Verhoeven said that Davison had told him it would "never make its money back. He saw there was a problem with the American audience better than I had."<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />

== Reception ==
===Critical response===
''Starship Troopers'' received generally negative reviews and was unpopular with critics and audiences on release.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /><ref name="NYTimesNov1097" />}} Audience polls by [[CinemaScore]] found that moviegoers gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an {{nowrap|A+ to F}} scale.<ref name="CinemaScore" />

Many reviewers did not interpret ''Starship Troopers'' as a satire and believed that its fascist themes were sincere.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /><ref name="AVClubVerhoevenInt" /><ref name="DOGAds" /><ref name="ReviewEmpire" />}} An editorial in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' described the film as pro-fascist, made, directed, and written by Nazis.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /><ref name="AVClubVerhoevenInt" /><ref name="DOGAds" />}} [[Stephen Hunter]] said the film was "spiritually" and "psychologically" Nazi and born of a Nazi-like imagination. Hunter described it as a "perversion" of [[Erich Maria Remarque]]'s 1929 novel, ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'', which portrays the physical and mental tolls of war, by glorifying the horrors of war.<ref name="WaPoHunterNazis" /><ref name="WAPOHunter" /> Others, such as ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'', argued that the "constant fetishizing of weaponry" and "[Aryan] cast", combined with the militaristic imagery in ''RoboCop'' and ''Total Recall'', made it seem as though Verhoeven admired Heinlein's world more than he claimed.<ref name="ReviewEmpire" /><ref name="ReviewEbert" /> Some critics, such as [[Roger Ebert]] and [[Owen Gleiberman]], recognized the satire,<ref name="ReviewEbert" /><ref name="ReviewSalon" /><ref name="ReviewEW" /> but often found that this commentary was indistinguishable from the promotion of the fascist utopia it was satirizing.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="ReviewEmpire" /><ref name="ReviewReelViews" /> ''[[Salon.com|Salon]]'' argued that even with good satire, it is "self-defeatingly stupid" to use it in a story that wants its audience to care about its characters, and that ''Starship Troopers'' fails to replace Heinlein's themes with a worthwhile ideal. The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that Verhoeven had "lost his touch" with satire by failing to respect his audiences' intelligence and make the world of ''Starship Troopers'' interesting or convincing.<ref name="ReviewSalon" /><ref name="LATimesHiddenSatire" />

[[Kenneth Turan]] and [[James Berardinelli]] considered the film among the most "jaw-dropping" and easily digestible films of that year, compared to several other blockbuster projects which had been disappointing.<ref name="ReviewEW" /><ref name="ReviewReelViews" /><ref name="ReviewLATimes" /> Berardinelli said that, at its best, ''Starship Troopers'' replicated the thrills of ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'' (1986), while emulating television [[Drama (film and television)#Teen drama|teen drama]] ''Beverly Hills, 90210'' in its worst moments.<ref name="ReviewReelViews" /> ''Salon''{{'}}s review described ''Starship Troopers'' as an unintelligent and "discordant" combination of ultraviolence, poor acting, and special effects.<ref name="ReviewSalon" /> Ebert said that Heinlein's novel was written for juveniles and the film would only be of interest to younger audiences.<ref name="ReviewEbert" /> [[Janet Maslin]] and Turan found Neuemeier's script to be unsuccessful in transitioning from the teenage love story to the carnage of war, but that ''Starship Troopers'' remained watchable as a live-action comic book.<ref name="ReviewLATimes" /><ref name="ReviewNYTimesMaslin" /> Turan, in particular, said that unlike its contemporaries, such as ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]'' and ''[[Twister (1996 film)|Twister]]'' (both 1996), ''Starship Troopers'' benefitted from a lack of pretence that the effects were less important than emotions or "pseudo-sensitivity".<ref name="ReviewLATimes" /> Ebert concluded that, apart from the satire, ''Starship Troopers'' lacked any humanity or basic entertainment value with which to establish a connection to the audience.<ref name="ReviewEbert" />

Turan's and ''Empire''{{'}}s reviews, among others, were dismissive of the central cast, describing them as "no name" models that offered only an all-American superficial Aryan stereotype of beauty.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="ReviewEmpire" /><ref name="ReviewLATimes" /><ref name="ReviewRosenbaum" /><ref name="ReviewSFGate" />}} Gleiberman wrote that their limited acting abilities made some of their critically derided peers seem like "classical thespians", which made it difficult to become invested in the core narrative.<ref name="ReviewSalon" /><ref name="ReviewEW" /> While Berardinelli concurred with this assessment, he complimented the cast for their efforts, appeal, and enthusiasm in the roles.<ref name="ReviewReelViews" /> Verhoeven later said ''Starship Troopers'' could have benefitted from casting actors for their ability instead of looks.<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="DigitalSpyat20" /> Some critics, such as Berardinelli, said that ''Starship Troopers'' would not work with good "or even competent" actors.<ref name="ReviewEmpire" /><ref name="ReviewReelViews" /> Berardinelli also praised the cast for being "appealing and enthusiastic", particularly Van Dien and Meyer for retaining some human interest once the special-effects sequences become more prominent.<ref name="ReviewReelViews" />

''Salon''{{'}}s review found the violence consistent with Verhoeven's previous works, with Gleiberman describing it as offering a "kinky-camp ghoulishness".<ref name="ReviewSalon" /><ref name="ReviewEW" /> Berardinelli and Maslin praised the tension, scale, and impressive visuals of the action sequences, in which Verhoeven revels in the contrast between his characters' earnestness and the violent and gory imagery.<ref name="ReviewSalon" /><ref name="ReviewReelViews" /><ref name="ReviewNYTimesMaslin" /> Others, such as [[Jonathan Rosenbaum]] and Ebert, wrote that the scenes grew tiresome because the alien creatures had no personality, lacking any culture or discernible language, which rendered them idelogically "boring ciphers" inhabiting uninteresting planets.<ref name="ReviewEbert" /><ref name="ReviewRosenbaum" /> Despite his praise, Berardinelli said audiences would quickly become desensitized to the extreme gore.<ref name="ReviewReelViews" />

===Accolades===
At the [[2nd Golden Satellite Awards]] in 1998, ''Starship Troopers'' was nominated for Best Motion Picture (Animated or Mixed Media).<ref name="AwardsSatellite" /> For the [[70th Academy Awards]], Tippett, [[Scott E. Anderson]], [[Alec Gillis]], and John Richardson were nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]].<ref name="NYTimesOscars" /> ''Starship Troopers'' was also nominated for Best Action Sequence at the [[1998 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]], as well as receiving a nomination for Best Dramatic Presentation from the [[Hugo Award]]s.<ref name="AwardsMTV" /><ref name="AwardHugo" /> The film was nominated for Worst Picture at the [[Stinkers Bad Movie Awards]], losing to ''[[Batman & Robin (film)|Batman & Robin]]''.<ref name="Stinkers" />

== Post-release ==
===Performance analysis===
Retrospective analyses have attempted to explain the cause of ''Starship Troopers''{{'s}} poor performance and reception.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="ScreenRantWhyitfailed" />}} The film generally failed to connect with both critics and audiences, who found its mixture of satire, violence, gore, and "cheesy" performances unappealing.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" />}} Other industry experts believe it was also adversely affected by the quantity of successful science fiction and genre films already released that year, such as ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' ($618.6&nbsp;million) and ''[[The Fifth Element]]'' ($263.9&nbsp;million).<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="ScreenRantWhyitfailed" /> ''Starship Troopers'' was also released just before ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' ($1.8&nbsp;billion), which dominated theaters,<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="ScreenRantWhyitfailed" /><ref name="BOMWorldwide1997" /> and other anticipated films like ''[[Alien Resurrection]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'', and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''.<ref name="ScreenRantWhyitfailed" /><ref name="LATimesFlubber" /> American historian [[Robert Sklar]] suggested that audiences had grown tired of alien war films and science fiction adventure in general after the recent releases of ''[[Mars Attacks!]]'', the blockbuster ''Independence Day'' (both 1996), and the [[Changes in Star Wars re-releases|''Star Wars'' special editions]] (1997).<ref name="LATimesSep1996" /><ref name="LATimesSepAliens" />

The film's reputation was also damaged by a report by ''The Washington Post'' accusing ''Starship Troopers'' of promoting Nazism.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /> Verhoeven said: "We were accused&nbsp;... of being [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]]!&nbsp;... They couldn't see that all I have done is ironically create a fascist utopia."<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /> This narrative was perpetuated in European news publications despite Verhoeven's efforts to explain the satirical portrayal of fascism.<ref name="AVClubVerhoevenInt" /> Verhoeven believed this dissuaded audiences from seeing ''Starship Troopers'' and, alongside poor [[word of mouth]] from audiences that did attend, the U.S. box office gross dropped a then rare 50% in its second weekend.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /> He added that audiences were not happy about Dizzy dying instead of Carmen.<ref name="HomeMediaSalon" /> The film's title was also seen as a contributing factor, leading audiences to expect a light-hearted adventure like ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (1977).<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /> Verhoeven blamed the studio's poor marketing of ''Starship Troopers'' in the United States by labelling it as an action film, leading critics and audiences to overlook the satire.<ref name="EmpireDutch" /> A ''Los Angeles Times'' editorial speculated the decision was possibly deliberate because satire films did not perform as well as the action genre.<ref name="LATimesHiddenSatire" /> Verhoeven anecdotally remarked that it was appropriately marketed as a satire in England.<ref name="EmpireDutch" />

===Home media===
The film score was released on [[compact disc]] (CD) by [[Varèse Sarabande]] in 1997, but was criticized for a short runtime of 30 minutes. Bootleg copies were made containing additional material using the score from the film's DVD release.<ref name="FilmTracks" /> ''Starship Troopers'' was released on [[VHS]] in 1998<ref name="HomeMediaAmazonVHS" /> and on [[DVD-Video|DVD]] in 1999.<ref name="HomeMediaSalon" /><ref name="HomeMediaIGN1999" /> The DVD features a documentary about the making of the film, actor screen tests, commentary by Verhoeven and Neumeier, and deleted scenes including an alternate ending in which Rico and Carmen officially rekindle their romance.<ref name="HomeMediaIGN1999" /><ref name="HomeMediaIGN2002SE" /> In 2002, a two-disc Special Edition DVD was released with additional features, including commentary by Verhoeven, Neumeier, and the cast, breakdowns of the special effects, and documentaries about the making of the film, creating the Arachnids and spaceships, the visual effects, and scene breakdowns.<ref name="HomeMediaIGN2002SE" /><ref name="HomeMediaIGN2002SE2" />

''Starship Troopers'' was released on [[Blu-ray]] in 2008, containing many previously released extras and the addition of FedNet mode, which places a graphic overlay to the film with pop-up facts.<ref name="HomeMediaIGN2008BluRay" /> A limited edition two-disc CD of the score was released in 2016, containing additional tracks.<ref name="FilmTracks" />

A [[Ultra HD Blu-ray|4K Ultra HD Blu-ray]] remastered version was released for the film's 20th anniversary with previously released extras.<ref name="HomeMediaCollider2017" /> A 25th anniversary 4K Blu-ray was released in 2022, in a limited edition steelbook case, and includes a reunion discussion between Neumeier, Van Dien, Richards, Meyer, Ironside, Brown, Busey, and Gilliam.<ref name="HomeMediaCollider2022" />

=== Other media===
{{See also|Starship Troopers (franchise)#Video_games{{!}}List of ''Starship Troopers'' video games}}
Coinciding with its theatrical release, Sony had restructured its business to focus on translating its films, including ''Starship Troopers'', into media franchises that would extend their profitability beyond their time in theaters.<ref name="LATimesSummerAug1997" /><ref name="LATimesFranchise" /> ''Starship Troopers'' merchandise included miniatures, action figures, and "Insect Touch", a three-issue comic book by [[Dark Horse Comics]].{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=131}} Toy manufacturer [[Galoob]] developed twelve different products including action figures and vehicles. Retailers were reluctant to stock toys for an R-rated film, with both [[Walmart|Wal-Mart]] and [[Target Corporation|Target]], which represented about 20% of all action figure sales, declining, although [[Toys "R" Us]] and [[KB Toys]] agreed. Sony executives called it an "open secret" that children were attending R-rated films.<ref name="LATimesMerch" /> Author Paul Sammon spent six months accompanying filming for ''Starship Troopers'', through pre-production and leading up to the film's release. His resulting work was released alongside the film as ''The Making of Starship Troopers''.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=152}} A CGI animated television series, ''[[Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles]]'', was released in 1999. Based on elements of the film and Heinlein's novel, the series ran for forty episodes.<ref name="LooperRoughnecks" /><ref name="AICNRoughnecks" />

The 1976 board game ''[[Starship Troopers (board wargame)|Starship Troopers]]'' was re-released and repackaged alongside the film as ''Starship Troopers: Prepare for Battle''.<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="MerchBoardgame" /> A [[Starship Troopers (pinball)|''Starship Troopers'' pinball machine]] was also released in 1997.<ref name="EuroTerranAscendancy" /> There have also been several game adaptations based on the film, including ''[[Starship Troopers: Terran Ascendancy]]'' (2000),<ref name="EuroTerranAscendancy" /> ''[[Starship Troopers (video game)|Starship Troopers]]'' (2005)—which features Van Dien returning to voice Rico<ref name="CBRRetro" />—and ''[[Starship Troopers: Terran Command]]'' (2022).<ref name="TerranCommandIGN" /><ref name="TerranCommandDOG" />

== Themes and analysis ==
===Politics and propaganda===
{{multiple image
| total_width = 300
| direction = horizontal
| align = right
| footer = The iconography used by the human organizations in ''Starship Troopers'' was based on the emblem of the [[German Army (1935–1945)|German Heer]] (left) and the logo of the Italian [[Blackshirts]] (right).
| image1 = Heer - decal for helmet 1942.svg
| alt1 = Decal for German helmet (Heer), model 1942.
| image2 = Emblem of Italian Blackshirts.svg
| alt2 = Italian Blackshirts cap badge (1941)
}}
''Starship Troopers'' explores themes including [[patriotism]], [[authoritarianism]], [[militarism]], [[colonialism]], and xenophobia.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="CBRRetro" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=vii}}<ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /><ref name="DOGAds" /><ref name="ScreenRantAds" />{{sfn|Shippey|2000|p=2}}}} Verhoeven interpreted Heinlein's novel as fascistic, nationalistic, totalitarian, and in favor of military rule, something antithetical to the director's own wartime experiences, and used ''Starship Troopers'' to deconstruct and undermine these themes.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="DeadspinRetro" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=vii}}<ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EmpireDutch" /><ref name="DOGAds" />}} Iconography inspired by the German Nazi regime and Italian [[National Fascist Party]] appear throughout ''Starship Troopers'' as symbols of the United Citizen Federation (UCF). The UCF flag, bearing an eagle, resembles the [[Coat of arms of Germany#Nazi Germany|Nazi coat of arms]]; officer uniforms are similar to those worn by the Nazi secret police—the [[Gestapo]]—including the insignia, and the symbol on infantry uniforms references [[Benito Mussolini]]'s [[Blackshirts]].<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /> Neumeier said the Nazi uniforms were used, in part, because the Nazi outfits looked good, but Verhoeven also wanted to use that aesthetic in "an artistic way".<ref name="EWNazi" /> Although some contemporary critics and audiences considered ''Starship Troopers'' to be an endorsement of fascism, Verhoeven said, "whenever you see something that you think is fascist, you should know that the filmmakers agree with your opinion".<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="AVClubCommentary" /> Other aspects of the Nazi regime influence ''Starship Troopers'', from the architecture of [[Albert Speer]],<ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="EWNazi" /> to propaganda films such as ''Olympia''. The first scene of ''Starship Troopers'', an advertisement for the Mobile Infantry, emulates scenes from ''Triumph of the Will'' and references a line of dialogue, "I'm doing my part!"{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="EWShowerScene" /><ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="DOGAds" /><ref name="EWNazi" />}}

Influence was also taken from writer [[Susan Sontag]]'s 1975 essay, "Fascinating Fascism", that identifies key aspects of Nazism, such as the "cult of beauty", "fetishism of courage", "repudiation of the intellect", and serving the community at the expense of the self.<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /> Verhoeven cast attractive actors, described by ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' critic Darren Franich as conveying the [[Aryanism|Aryan ideal of beauty]], to "seduce the audience into joining [''Starship Troopers''{{'s}}] society&nbsp;... but then ask, 'What are you really joining up for?{{'"}}{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="DOGAds" /><ref name="ScreenRantAds" /><ref name="EWNazi" />}} Screenwriter [[Mark Rosenthal (filmmaker)|Mark Rosenthal]] said that the dangers of exposing the audience to an attractive fascism are necessary to lead them to the possibility of [[Progressivism|progressive politics]].{{sfn|Rosenthal|2001|pp=182–183}} In the novel, Rico is revealed at the end to be Filipino, a deliberate choice to make readers empathise with the character before revealing he is not white. Verhoeven made Rico white to further satirize the fascistic messaging.<ref name="InverseThemes" />

Franich and ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' critic Scott Tobias wrote that the filmmakers portray the main characters as "petty and stupid", but that the film's best joke lies in Rico not being very intelligent but, in turn, becoming the ideal citizen and perfect tool for war, abandoning any personal hopes and dreams outside military life.<ref name="EWShowerScene" /><ref name="AVClub2010" /> Professor [[Lene Hansen]] challenged Verhoeven's assertion that ''Starship Troopers'' portrays a feminist fascism in which men and women are treated entirely equally. Focusing on Dizzy, Hansen wrote that while the character is portrayed as equal to and even superior to male characters as an athlete and soldier, seemingly in service to the greater collective, her dying words imply her actions are motivated by her feelings for Rico and her sacrifice is therefore romantic, conflicting with the film's fascist ideals of collective responsibility and heroic masculinity. Hansen concluded that ''Starship Troopers'' ultimately reinforces classical fascist [[Gender role|gender norms]], in which men are central to the narrative and women are secondary or serve a supporting role.{{sfn|Hansen|2001|pp=276–280}}

The propaganda depicted on the "FedNet" uses extreme examples to satirize the UCF, such as children holding weapons or stamping on cockroaches while an adult looks on happily, as well as slogans such as "Join the Mobile Infantry and save the world" and "Service guarantees citizenship".<ref name="ColliderRetro" /><ref name="ViceRetro" />{{sfn|Williams|2009|p=39}} Writer Darren Mooney considered the FedNet to be prescient of the increasing prominence of [[fake news]], presenting stories that those in positions of power want the populace to see, emphasizing patriotism and duty, while offering an illusion of choice and enlightenment by asking: "Would you like to know more?"<ref name="EscapistRetro" /><ref name="AVClub2010" />{{sfn|Crim|2009|p=23}} Verhoeven said the query begs the question: "Do you want this type of society? Do you want to dive even further into this system that already exists in America?"{{sfn|Guéret|2016|pp=127–128}} The youth are indoctrinated through these slogans and propaganda, and information relating to the Arachnids is intended to provoke a xenophobic response, both convincing the protagonists that their cause is righteous and presenting the Arachnids as inferior.<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="DOGAds" /><ref name="AVClubDecade" /> ''The A.V. Club'' wrote that ''Starship Troopers'' presents a society that has been convinced to trade its freedoms, rights, and identities for security.<ref name="AVClubBestof1990s" />

''Starship Troopers'' is also Verhoeven's response to events he perceived in contemporary American politics, such as limited gun restrictions and an increase of capital punishment, which he believed could eventually result in open fascism, as well as films that glorified the U.S. military and depicted a casual attitude to violence.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" /><ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="DOGAds" /><ref name="DOGVerhoevenInt" /><ref name="BestSciFiPaste" />}} Franich found similarities between ''Starship Troopers'' and the action film ''[[Top Gun]]'' (1986), which follows physically strong, young, and attractive [[United States Navy]] pilots combating a vague enemy. Several action films from the 1990s, such as ''Independence Day'' (1996) and ''Air Force One'' (1997), offered similarly jingoistic pro-American and pro-military messages.<ref name="EWShowerScene" />

===Citizenship and violence===
In the militaristic society depicted in ''Starship Troopers'', many rights are reserved only for citizens, those who have volunteered for and completed military service. Voting is presented as an act of force and supreme authority, a right that must be earned instead of given.<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="EWShowerScene" /> Rasczak tells his students: "Violence has resolved more conflicts than anything else. The contrary opinion that violence doesn't solve anything is merely wishful thinking at worst."<ref name="AVClubDecade" /> The boot camp shower scene involves several characters discussing their reason for enlistment, such as being able to run for elected office, have children, receive a scholarship, or just not having to work on a farm.{{sfn|Sammon|1997|p=78}}<ref name="EWShowerScene" /> Verhoeven said that the purpose of the scene—one of ''Starship Troopers''{{'s}} most infamous—is that since all of the characters are fascists, they have no libido and do not react to each other's exposure, instead only discussing their careers and combat.<ref name="EmpireDutch" /> The nudity was criticized, but Verhoeven believed it was hypocritical to focus on sexual scenes while allowing the depiction of extreme violence.<ref name="EmpireDutch" /> The film professor Florentine Strzelczyk opined that the infantry's sexual energy is redirected into an "orgasmic" violent display of fluids, guts, and gore.{{sfn|Strzelczyk|2008|p=97}} The author Leighton Grist wrote that citizenship being a requirement for most procreation is similar to fascist policies of [[eugenics]].{{sfn|Grist|2018|p=116}}

Although humanity is mainly presented as victims of the Arachnid threat, aspects of ''Starship Troopers'' imply that humanity may have instigated the conflict by colonizing Arachnid worlds, and that the creatures are merely defending themselves.<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="SalonORourke" /> In her analysis, Strzelczyk identified critical commentary of the war provided by a journalist who queries whether the Arachnids would be hostile if they were left in peace. However, when the journalist is killed by an Arachnid in a bloody display, his critique is visually erased and his reconciliatory opinion invalidated.{{sfn|Strzelczyk|2008|p=94}}

''Starship Troopers'' presents a cycle of war, in which Earth's youths are emboldened by propaganda to become readily disposable infantry.<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /> These soldiers' orders are to kill anything inhuman and strategic failures are merely solved by deploying more soldiers.<ref name="ColliderRetro" /> The writer Lloyd Farley considered the gory and explicit scenes depicting the dead as being intended to overtly display the "horrors of war" in a society solely dedicated to conflict.<ref name="ColliderRetro" /> Previous military defeats and the revelation that their own superiors view them as expendable are quickly forgotten as the infantry troops celebrate their victory and capture of the Brain Bug, with the promise this will lead to the end of the war, but no actual conclusion is offered.<ref name="CBRFascism" /><ref name="CBRRetro" /> The Brain Bug suggests the Arachnids are not significantly different to and are justified in exterminating humanity to preserve their own race.{{sfn|Whitehall|2003|pp=182–183}} This violence is reinforced with rewards, such as Rico's repeated promotions, but these openings often arise because his predecessors were killed.<ref name="CBRFascism" /><ref name="AVClub2010" /> ''Starship Troopers'' culminates with the surviving protagonists not disagreeing with this system or choosing to fight against it, but becoming a part of it by appearing in recruitment propaganda to enlist the next generation of troops.<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="ColliderRetro" />

==Legacy==
=== Critical reassessment ===
In a 2013 retrospective by ''[[The Atlantic]]'', critic Calum Marsh said that while ''Starship Troopers''{{'s}} critical reputation had not improved significantly since its release, it was gradually shifting in a positive direction, with some critics and writers considering it an "unsung masterpiece".<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /> Other retrospective analyses, from the early 2000s to the 2020s, described it as among the most subversive and misunderstood Hollywood studio films ever made, undermined by critics and audiences who misinterpreted the anti-fascist satire as an endorsement.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="CBRRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EscapistRetro" /><ref name="ScreenRantAds" /><ref name="AVClub2010" /><ref name="AVClubDecade" /><ref name="ScreenRant90s" /><ref name="AVClub90s" />}} ''The Atlantic'' and ''[[The Verge]]'' in 2020, described it as an obvious satire, in hindsight, that was released at the wrong time, amid an era of prosperity in the United States during the late 1990s when American audiences may not have seen, or wanted to see, the criticisms of their own society. The marketing was also blamed, which presented ''Starship Troopers'' as a typical science fiction action film, making it easy for audiences not expecting satire to misinterpret it.<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /> Other publications argued that ''Starship Troopers'' was an example of [[Poe's law]], where views are presented to such an extreme that it becomes impossible for audiences to understand if it is parody or serious.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EscapistRetro" /> A 2024 analysis by ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' described the modern discourse as divided between those who praise ''Starship Troopers''{{'s}} satire, and those who believe that, despite the satire, the film ultimately glorifies the "Aryan characters, their militarized society, and their fight against the supposedly inhuman bugs."<ref name="ViceRetro2024" />

Opinions on the film changed alongside societal shifts, making the satire more obvious, particularly in the 2010s as its critiques of right-wing militarism, the [[military–industrial complex]], reactionary violence, and American jingoism made it seem ahead of its time.<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="EscapistRetro" /> In a 2020 retrospective for ''[[The New Yorker]]'', [[David Roth (writer)|David Roth]] argued that ''Starship Troopers''{{'s}} message had become more meaningful because it presents a narrative in which humanity, built on a culture of fascism and violence, "gets its ass kicked", and its only solution is to inflict more violence, to little success. Roth further contrasted the culture of violence to contemporary [[police brutality]] against peaceful protests or government attempts to defeat the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] through sheer will.<ref name="TheVergeRetro" /><ref name="NewYorkerRetro" />

''Starship Troopers'' is now considered a [[Cult following|cult classic]].{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="NewYorkerRetro" /><ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="ScreenRantRetro" /><ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="SlashFilmSequels" />}} Some publications have listed it among the best science fiction films ever made,{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="BestSciFiPaste" /><ref name="BestSciFiIGN" /><ref name="BestSciFiRT" /><ref name="BestSciFiThrillist" />}} and as one of the best films of the 1990s.{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood" /><ref name="AVClubBestof1990s" /><ref name="AVClub90s" /><ref name="Bestof90sRollingStone" /><ref name="Bestof90sSlant" /><ref name="Bestof90sTimeout" /><ref name="Bestof90sIndieWire" />}} In 2021, the [[British Film Institute]] (BFI) named it one of the ten greatest science fiction adaptations.<ref name="BFIGreatAdapt" /> Review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] offers a {{Rotten Tomatoes data|score}} approval rating from the aggregated reviews of {{Rotten Tomatoes data|count}} critics, with an average score of {{Rotten Tomatoes data|average}}. The website's critical consensus reads, "A fun movie...if you can accept the excessive gore and wooden acting."<ref name="RottenTomatoes" /> The film has a score of 51 out of 100 on [[Metacritic]] based on 20 critics' reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref name="Metacritic" />

===Cultural influence===
''Starship Troopers'' has continued to generate interest in the decades since its release because of elements which came to reflect future events, such as the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]], and the subsequent actions of the U.S. government and president George W. Bush to convince the American people to surrender certain liberties to enable the subsequent [[war on terror]] and defeat their enemies.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="AVClub2010" /> Retrospectives in the late 2010s and early 2020s have described how a contemporary rise in fascist activity in the U.S. had made ''Starship Troopers'' seem prescient and more of a warning than satire.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="ColliderRetro" /><ref name="DOGVerhoevenInt" /> ''The A.V. Club'' described ''Starship Troopers'' as a "brilliant dissection" of wars and how propaganda is used to justify young people being sent to their deaths against a [[Dehumanization|dehumanized enemy]].<ref name="AVClub2010" /><ref name="ColliderRetro" /> A 2020 retrospective by ''[[The Guardian]]'' suggested that, with hindsight, ''Starship Troopers'' formed the final installment of Verhoeven's unofficial science fiction action film trilogy about authoritarian governance, preceded by ''RoboCop'' (1987) and ''Total Recall'' (1990).<ref name="TheGuardianREtro" /> ''Empire'' called it the true spiritual successor to ''RoboCop''{{'}}s "savage satire" and "gonzo violence", unlike that film's own sequels.<ref name="ActionEmpire2016" />

Verhoeven followed ''Starship Troopers'' with the 2000 science fiction horror ''[[Hollow Man]]'', a film that he believed lacked his own personal style as he acquiesced to studio demands. Disillusioned with the Hollywood [[studio system]], and compounded by the failures of ''Showgirls'' and ''Starship Troopers'', Verhoeven returned to Europe to work outside of the Hollywood studio system, going on to earn acclaim for his subsequent works, such as ''[[Black Book (film)|Black Book]]'' (2006) and ''[[Elle (film)|Elle]]'' (2016).<ref name="SyFyRetro" /> In 2015, Van Dien remarked: "There has not been a week in my life since I did [''Starship Troopers''] where I can go down the street without someone going 'Rico!{{'"}}<ref name="SyFyRetro" /> Richards has said she loved her character and how people responded to her as a strong female character.<ref name="GuardianHowwemade" />

Several filmmakers and some actors have named it as an influence or among their favorite films, including [[Ari Aster]], [[Margaret Brown (film director)|Margaret Brown]], [[Macaulay Culkin]],<ref name="VultureCulkin" /> [[Takashi Miike]],<ref name="FarOutMiike" /> [[David Lowery (director)|David Lowery]], [[Robert Rodriguez]], [[Eli Roth]], [[Riley Stearns]], [[Quentin Tarantino]], [[James Wan]], and [[Edgar Wright]].<ref name="IndieWire90sPros" /><ref name="Inverse2021TVSeries" /><ref name="PCGamer" /> Slogans used in the film, such as "I'm doing my part!" and "Would you like to know more?", have become part of the cultural lexicon.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /> The film's influence can also be seen in other media, such as the animated ''[[Futurama]]'' ("[[War Is the H-Word]]", 2000),<ref name="Futurama" /> the anime ''[[Kaguya-sama: Love Is War (TV series)|Kaguya-sama: Love Is War]]'' (2019–2022),<ref name="InfAnime" /> and the video game ''[[Helldivers 2]]'' (2024).<ref name="InfHelldivers" /> The popularity of ''Helldivers 2'' led to a resurgence of interest in ''Starship Troopers''.<ref name="Helldivers1" /><ref name="HellDivers2" />

== Sequels and remake ==
{{main|Starship Troopers (franchise)}}
Verhoeven had never developed a sequel to his films, but he was interested in directing a second ''Starship Troopers'' installment.<ref name="NYTimesNov1097" /> The relative failure of ''Starship Troopers'' derailed plans for a theatrical sequel and Verhoeven moved on to other projects.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /> ''Starship Troopers'' was followed by two low-budget, [[Direct-to-video|direct-to-home media]] sequels. The first, ''[[Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation]]'' (2004), was directed by Tippett from a script by Neumeier and followed new characters. Neumeier wrote and directed the second sequel, ''[[Starship Troopers 3: Marauder]]'' (2008), for which Van Dien reprised his role as Rico.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="SlashFilmSequels" /> The series narrative was continued in two CGI animated films: ''[[Starship Troopers: Invasion]]'' (2012) sees the return of Rico, Jenkins, and Ibanez (with different voice actors), while ''[[Starship Troopers: Traitor of Mars]]'' (2017) was written by Neumeier and features voice acting by Van Dien and Meyer.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="THRTraitor" /><ref name="IGNInvasion" />

In the early 2010s, it was reported that the film series could be [[Reboot (fiction)|rebooted]] to more closely align with Heinlein's novel; there have been no updates since 2016.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="EmpireReboot" /><ref name="THRReboot" /> Verhoeven was unhappy with the concept.<ref name="SyFyRetro" /><ref name="RollingStoneVerho2016" /> In 2021, Van Dien said a television adaptation was being considered by [[Sony Pictures Television]], although talks had stalled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="Inverse2021TVSeries" />

A remake was confirmed in March 2025 that will be written and directed by [[Neill Blomkamp]].<ref name="DeadlineHollywood"/>

==Footnotes==
{{notelist-lr}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
===Citations===
<references>
<ref name="AICNRoughnecks">{{cite web |title="Roughnecks: The Starship Troopers Chronicles" Debacle !!! |url=http://legacy.aintitcool.com/node/4421 |url-status=live |website=[[Ain't It Cool News]] |date=September 21, 1999 |access-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814140940/http://legacy.aintitcool.com/node/4421 |archive-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="ASCMag">{{cite web |last=Robley |first=Les Paul |title=''Starship Troopers'': Interstellar Exterminators |url=https://ascmag.com/articles/starship-troopers-interstellar-exterminators |url-status=live |website=[[American Cinematographer]] |date=March 5, 2020 |access-date=August 6, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200614060109/https://ascmag.com/articles/starship-troopers-interstellar-exterminators |archive-date=June 14, 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="ASCMagCreatureFX">{{cite web |last=Magid |first=Ron |title=Pest Control On ''Starship Troopers'' |url=https://ascmag.com/articles/pest-control-on-starship-troopers |url-status=live |website=[[American Cinematographer]] |date=March 5, 2020 |access-date=August 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803155403/https://ascmag.com/articles/pest-control-on-starship-troopers |archive-date=August 3, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="ASCMagStarshipFX">{{cite web |last=Magid |first=Ron |title=Starship Maneuvers For ''Starship Troopers'' |url=https://ascmag.com/articles/needs-pics-starship-maneuvers |url-status=live |website=[[American Cinematographer]] |date=March 5, 2020 |access-date=August 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627231631/https://ascmag.com/articles/needs-pics-starship-maneuvers |archive-date=June 27, 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="ActionEmpire2016">{{cite web |title=The 60 Best Action Movies |url= https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-action-movies/|website= [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date= October 1, 2016 |access-date=June 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123004554/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-action-movies/ |archive-date=November 23, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClub90s">{{cite web |url= https://www.avclub.com/article/best-movies-1997-259214 |title= The Best Movies Of 1997 |last= Vishnevetsky |first= Ignatiy |author-link = Ignatiy Vishnevetsky |website= [[The A.V. Club]] |date= August 10, 2017 |access-date= August 10, 2017 |archive-date= August 10, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170810094255/http://www.avclub.com/article/best-movies-1997-259214 |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubBestof1990s">{{cite web |date= October 8, 2012|first1=Mike |last1=D'Angelo|first2=Noel |last2=Murray|first3=Tasha |last3=Robinson|first4=Keith |last4=Phipps|first5=Nathan|last5= Rabin|first6=Scott |last6=Tobias|first7=Sam |last7=Adams|first8=Alison|last8= Willmore|title= The 50 best films of the '90s (1 of 3)|url=https://www.avclub.com/the-50-best-films-of-the-90s-1-of-3-1798235618|website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date= July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718065451/https://www.avclub.com/the-50-best-films-of-the-90s-1-of-3-1798235618 |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClub2010">{{cite web |date= June 10, 2010|first=Scott |last=Tobias |title= ''Starship Troopers''|url= https://www.avclub.com/starship-troopers-1798220409 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date= August 11, 2022 |archive-date= July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723051500/https://www.avclub.com/starship-troopers-1798220409 |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubDecade">{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/article/a-decade-of-underrated-movies-1486|title=A Decade Of Underrated Movies: Who Will Love ''The Brown Bunny''?|last=Tobias|first=Scott|date=October 19, 2005|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|access-date=July 9, 2008|archive-date=August 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802233337/http://www.avclub.com/article/a-decade-of-underrated-movies-1486|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubCommentary">{{cite web |first1=Nathan |last1=Rabin |first2= Noel |last2=Murray |first3=Scott |last3=Tobias |url=https://www.avclub.com/commentary-tracks-of-the-blessed-1798208967 |title=Commentary Tracks Of The Blessed (1997 ''Starship Trooper'') |access-date=August 18, 2022 |date=March 25, 2005 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206110330/https://www.avclub.com/commentary-tracks-of-the-blessed-1798208967 |url-status=live|archive-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="AVClubVerhoevenInt">{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/paul-verhoeven-1798211089 |title=Paul Verhoeven|last=Tobias|first=Scott|date=March 4, 2007 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]|access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429041905/https://www.avclub.com/paul-verhoeven-1798211089 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AwardHugo">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1998-hugo-awards/ |title=1998 Hugo Awards |website=[[Worldcon]]|date=July 26, 2007 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809104259/https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1998-hugo-awards/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AwardsMTV">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1998/film/news/mtv-watchers-pick-their-pix-1117469703/ |title=MTV-Watchers Pick Their Pix |last=Katz |first=Richard |date=April 14, 1998 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=May 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528205304/https://variety.com/1998/film/news/mtv-watchers-pick-their-pix-1117469703/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AwardsSatellite">{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/1998/ |title=1998 |website=[[International Press Academy]]|access-date=August 22, 2022|archive-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321061630/http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/1998/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BestSciFiIGN">{{cite web |title=Top 100 Sci-Fi Movies |url=https://www.ign.com/lists/best-science-fiction-movies/22 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411003159/https://www.ign.com/lists/best-science-fiction-movies/22 |archive-date=April 11, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BestSciFiPaste">{{cite web|first=Michael |last=Burgin |title=The 100 Best Sci-Fi Movies Of All Time |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/sci-fi-movies/the-100-best-sci-fi-movies-of-all-time/#14-back-to-the-future |website=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]] |date=November 13, 2018 |access-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430193727/https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/sci-fi-movies/the-100-best-sci-fi-movies-of-all-time/ |archive-date=April 30, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BestSciFiRT">{{cite web |title=150 Essential Sci-Fi Movies To Watch Now |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-sci-fi-movies-of-all-time/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926195854/https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-sci-fi-movies-of-all-time/ |archive-date=September 26, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BestSciFiThrillist">{{cite web |first=Russ |last=Fischer |title=The 50 Greatest Sci-Fi Films Of All Time |url=https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/best-sci-fi-movies-of-all-time-ranked |website=[[Thrillist]] |date=June 8, 2016 |access-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032000/https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/best-sci-fi-movies-of-all-time-ranked |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Bestof90sRollingStone">{{cite web |date=July 12, 2017 |first1=Daniel |last1=Kreps|first2=Scott |last2=Tobias|first3=Alex |last3=Suskind|first4=Joshua |last4=Rothkopf|first5=Noel |last5=Murray|first6=Stephen |last6=Garrett|first7=Jenna |last7=Scherer|first8=Phoebe |last8=Reilly|first9=Tim |last9=Grierson|first10=Eric |last10=Hynes|first11=Bilge |last11=Ebiri|first12=David |last12=Fear|first13=Jason |last13=Newman|first14=Kory |last14=Grow|first15=Sean T. |last15=Collins|first16=Dan |last16=Epstein|first17=Rob |last17=Sheffield|first18=Kristen |last18=Yoonsoo Kim|first19=Gina |last19=Mcintyre|first20=Brian |last20=Tallerico|first21=Abbey |last21=Bender|first22=Judy |last22=Berman|first23=Steven |last23=Boone|first24=Vikram |last24=Murthi|title= The 100 Greatest Movies Of The Nineties |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-lists/the-100-greatest-movies-of-the-nineties-195513/starship-troopers-1997-195399/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date= May 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508103312/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-lists/the-100-greatest-movies-of-the-nineties-195513/starship-troopers-1997-195399/|url-status= live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="Bestof90sSlant">{{cite web |date= November 5, 2012 |title= The 100 Best Films Of The 1990s|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/the-100-best-films-of-the-1990s/ |website= [[Slant Magazine]]|access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008013311/https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/the-100-best-films-of-the-1990s/ |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="Bestof90sTimeout">{{cite web |date=February 26, 2019 |first1= Cath |last1= Clarke|first2=Dave |last2= Calhoun|first3=Tom |last3= Huddleston|first4=Kate |last4= Lloyd|first5=James |last5= Manning|first6=Gail |last6= Tolley|first7=Chris |last7= Waywell |title= The 50 Best '90s Movies |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-50-best-90s-movies|website=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date= May 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200508104536/https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-50-best-90s-movies|url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="Bestof90sIndieWire">{{cite web |date=July 14, 2017 |first1=Chris |last1=O'Falt |first2=Zack |last2=Sharf |first3=Michael |last3=Nordine |first4=Kate |last4=Erbland |first5=Steve |last5=Greene |first6=David |last6=Ehrlich |first7=Jamie |last7=Righetti |first8=Graham |last8=Winfrey|title= The 50 Best Films Of The 90s From ''Pulp Fiction'' To ''Groundhog Day''|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2017/07/best-films-movies-90s-1201852966/|website=[[IndieWire]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date= May 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528234918/http://www.indiewire.com/2017/07/best-films-movies-90s-1201852966/|url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="BFIGreatAdapt">{{cite web|first=Anton |last=Bitel |title= 10 Great Sci-fi Adaptations|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-sci-fi-adaptations |website=[[British Film Institute]] |date=October 14, 2021 |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422000306/https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-sci-fi-adaptations |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BFICast">{{cite web |title= ''Starship Troopers'' (1997)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7eadb61d |website=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405221647/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7eadb61d |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="BOMWorldwide1997">{{cite web |title= 1997 Worldwide Box Office|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1997/ |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409150811/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1997/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BomWeeekend1">{{cite web |title= Domestic 1997 Weekend 45|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1997W45/?ref_=bo_rl_table_1 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413201332/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1997W45/?ref_=bo_rl_table_1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BomWeeekend2">{{cite web |title= Domestic 1997 Weekend 46|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1997W46/?ref_=bo_rl_table_2 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date= April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413200445/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1997W46/?ref_=bo_rl_table_2 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BomWeeekend3">{{cite web |title= Starship Troopers|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3144910337/weekend/?ref_=bo_rl_tab#tabs |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413194126/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3144910337/weekend/?ref_=bo_rl_tab#tabs |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CBRRetro">{{cite web|first=Nigel |last=Mitchell |title= ''Starship Troopers'': 20 Things Even Hardcore Fans Don't Know|url=https://www.cbr.com/starship-troopers-unknown/ |website= [[Comic Book Resources]] |date= September 3, 2018|access-date= August 11, 2022| archive-date=April 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414202914/https://www.cbr.com/starship-troopers-unknown/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CBRFascism">{{cite web|first=Ben |last=Wasserman |title= How ''Starship Troopers'' Satirizes Fascism, War & Misinformation By Making It Fun|url=https://www.cbr.com/how-starship-troopers-satirizes-fascism-war-media-misinformation/ |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date= August 22, 2020|access-date= August 11, 2022| archive-date= July 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703185045/https://www.cbr.com/how-starship-troopers-satirizes-fascism-war-media-misinformation/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CinemaScore">{{cite web |url= https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |title= CinemaScore |website= [[CinemaScore]] |access-date=September 11, 2019 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |archive-date= December 20, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="ColliderRetro">{{cite web|first=Lloyd |last=Farley |title= ''Starship Troopers'' Review: Paul Verhoeven's Classic Is Satire At Its Best|url=https://collider.com/starship-troopers-review-satire-at-its-best/ |website= [[Valnet#Collider|Collider]]|date= August 5, 2022|access-date= August 11, 2022| archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818122226/https://collider.com/starship-troopers-review-satire-at-its-best/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DeadlineHollywood">{{cite web|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|title= ‘Starship Troopers’ Redo In Works At Sony From Neill Blomkamp|url=https://deadline.com/2025/03/starship-troopers-neill-blomkamp-1236327071/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date= March 14, 2025|access-date=March 14, 2025}}</ref>

<ref name="DeadspinRetro">{{cite web|first= Tom|last=Breihan |title= The Grisly, Goofy ''Starship Troopers'' Played Dumb To Make Hollywood Look Even Dumber|url=https://deadspin.com/the-grisly-goofy-starship-troopers-played-dumb-to-make-1741600229 |website=[[Deadspin]] |date= November 20, 2015|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date= May 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508132413/https://deadspin.com/the-grisly-goofy-starship-troopers-played-dumb-to-make-1741600229 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DigitalSpyRichards">{{cite web|first=Hugh |last=Armitage |title= Denise Richards – Where Is She Now?|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a847077/denise-richards-now-where/ |website= [[Digital Spy]]|date= October 21, 2018|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403214929/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a847077/denise-richards-now-where/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DigitalSpyat20">{{cite web |date= November 11, 2017 |last= Singer |first= Leigh |title= ''Starship Troopers'' 20 Years On: Verhoeven Reveals How His Movie Predicted Donald Trump |url= https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a823951/starship-troopers-paul-verhoeven-donald-trump-20-years-anniversary/ |website= [[Digital Spy]] |access-date= May 30, 2020 |archive-date= October 17, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201017174920/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a823951/starship-troopers-paul-verhoeven-donald-trump-20-years-anniversary/ |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="DOGAds">{{cite web|first=Ryan |last=Lambie |title= The Use of Ads in ''RoboCop'', ''Total Recall'' & ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-use-of-ads-in-robocop-total-recall-starship-troopers/ |website=[[Den of Geek]] |date= June 1, 2019|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819110849/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-use-of-ads-in-robocop-total-recall-starship-troopers/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DOGVerhoevenInt">{{cite web|first=Ryan |last=Lambie |title= Paul Verhoeven Interview: ''Elle'', Creative Risks And ''RoboCop''|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/paul-verhoeven-interview-elle-creative-risks-and-robocop/|website=[[Den of Geek]]|date= March 7, 2017|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410183912/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/paul-verhoeven-interview-elle-creative-risks-and-robocop/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireDutch">{{cite web |url= https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/paul-verhoeven/ |title= Triple Dutch: Paul Verhoeven's Sci-Fi Trilogy |last1= Smith |first1= Adam |last2= Williams |first2= Owen |date= February 12, 2015 |website= [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date= May 25, 2020 |archive-date= June 10, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200610185005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/paul-verhoeven/ |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireReboot">{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=32603|title=''Starship Troopers'' Remake Planned|last=White|first=James|date=December 4, 2011|website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=January 27, 2012|archive-date=March 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323211506/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=32603|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EuroTerranAscendancy">{{cite web |title= ''Starship Troopers'' |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/r-startroop |website=[[Eurogamer]] |date= December 25, 2000|access-date=August 13, 2022| archive-date= July 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220708215910/https://www.eurogamer.net/r-startroop|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EWNazi">{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/21/starship-troopers-relys-nazi-imagery/ |title=''Starship Troopers'' {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Relys}} On Nazi imagery |last=Svetkey|first=Benjamin|date=November 21, 1997|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=December 7, 2016|archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415102005/https://ew.com/article/1997/11/21/starship-troopers-relys-nazi-imagery/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EWRichards">{{cite web|first=Ernest |last=Macias |title= 'Starship Troopers': Where Are They Now?|url=https://ew.com/movies/starship-troopers-where-are-they-now/?slide=5788920#5788920 |website= [[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 13, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415162217/https://ew.com/movies/starship-troopers-where-are-they-now/?slide=5788920#5788920 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EWShowerScene">{{cite web|first= Darren |last= Franich |title= 'Starship Troopers' Turns 20: A Look Back At That Famous Shower Scene|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/11/07/starship-troopers-shower-scene-fascism/ |website= [[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 7, 2017 |access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416204214/https://ew.com/movies/2017/11/07/starship-troopers-shower-scene-fascism/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EscapistRetro">{{cite web|first=Darren |last=Mooney |title= Over 20 Years Later, The World Has Finally Caught Up With ''Starship Troopers'' |url=https://www.escapistmagazine.com/starship-troopers-paul-verhoeven/ |website= [[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]] |date= February 16, 2020|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628201747/https://www.escapistmagazine.com/starship-troopers-paul-verhoeven/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EsquireBusey">{{cite web|first= Bruce |last=Fretts|title= Jake Busey On ''Justified'', Getting Splattered, And Dear Old Dad|url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/interviews/a33088/jake-busey-justified/ |website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=February 11, 2015|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=August 11, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220811144943/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/interviews/a33088/jake-busey-justified/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="FilmTracks">{{cite web|first= Christian |last=Clemmensen|title=''Starship Troopers'': (Basil Poledouris) |url=https://www.filmtracks.com/titles/starship.html |website=[[Filmtracks|Filmtracks.com]] |date=November 3, 1997|access-date=August 23, 2022| archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220814161312/https://www.filmtracks.com/titles/starship.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="FarOutMiike">{{cite web|first=Calum |last=Russell|title=Takashi Miike Names His Favourite Movie Of All Time |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/takashi-miike-favourite-movie/ |website= Far Out|date=August 24, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2024 | archive-date=March 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331065941/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/takashi-miike-favourite-movie/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Futurama">{{cite web|first=Patrick M. |last=Veronne |title="Welcome to the War of Tomorrow" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2014/09/futurama-writer-patric-verrone-on-how-the-cartoon-depicted-asymmetrical-warfare.html |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=September 21, 2014 |access-date=September 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728170835/https://slate.com/technology/2014/09/futurama-writer-patric-verrone-on-how-the-cartoon-depicted-asymmetrical-warfare.html |archive-date=July 28, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GuardianHowwemade">{{cite web|first=Phil |last=Hoad |title= How We Made ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/jan/22/how-we-made-starship-troopers-paul-verhoeven-nazis-leni-riefenstahl |website= [[The Guardian]]|date= January 22, 2018|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=July 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702001106/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/jan/22/how-we-made-starship-troopers-paul-verhoeven-nazis-leni-riefenstahl |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Helldivers1">{{cite web |first=Adele |last=Ankers-Range |title=''Helldivers 2'' Director Calls Renewed Interest In ''Starship Troopers'' After Game Success 'Incredible' |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/helldivers-2-director-starship-troopers-renewed-interest-incredible |website=[[IGN]]|date=March 21, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711225538/https://www.ign.com/articles/helldivers-2-director-starship-troopers-renewed-interest-incredible |archive-date=July 11, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HellDivers2">{{cite web|first= John|last=Walker |title=''Helldivers 2'' Is Giving ''Starship Troopers'' the Renaissance It Deserves |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/helldivers-2-giving-starship-troopers-194308625.html |website=[[Yahoo]]|date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911150340/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/helldivers-2-giving-starship-troopers-194308625.html |archive-date=September 11, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaIGN1999">{{cite web |title= ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/12/07/starship-troopers-3 |website=[[IGN]] |date= December 7, 1999|access-date=August 14, 2022| archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814154638/https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/12/07/starship-troopers-3 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaIGN2002SE2">{{cite web |title= ''Starship Troopers'': Special Edition|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/05/30/starship-troopers-special-edition |website=[[IGN]] |date= May 30, 2002|access-date=August 14, 2022| archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813231134/https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/05/30/starship-troopers-special-edition |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaIGN2002SE">{{cite web |title= ''Starship Troopers'' (Special Edition)|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/04/18/starship-troopers-special-edition-2 |website=[[IGN]] |date= April 18, 2002|access-date=August 14, 2022| archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814154638/https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/04/18/starship-troopers-special-edition-2 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaIGN2008BluRay">{{cite web |first=Scott |last=Lowe | title= ''Starship Troopers'' Blu-Ray Review|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/07/29/starship-troopers-blu-ray-review |website=[[IGN]] |date= July 29, 2008 |access-date=August 22, 2022| archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813231134/https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/07/29/starship-troopers-blu-ray-review |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaSalon">{{cite web|first=Andrew |last=O'Hehir |title= "''Starship Troopers''"|url=https://www.salon.com/2000/06/20/starship_troopers/ |website=[[Salon.com]] |date= June 20, 2000|access-date=August 14, 2022| archive-date= August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814154639/https://www.salon.com/2000/06/20/starship_troopers/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaAmazonVHS">{{cite web |title= ''Starship Troopers'' [VHS] [1998] VHS Tape – VHS |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Starship-Troopers-VHS-Casper-Dien/dp/B00004CWOY |website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] |access-date=August 14, 2022| archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814154635/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Starship-Troopers-VHS-Casper-Dien/dp/B00004CWOY |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaCollider2022">{{cite web|first=Ryan |last=O'Rourke |title= 'Starship Troopers' 4K Ultra HD Steelbook Arrives In November With New Extras|url=https://collider.com/starship-troopers-4k-ultra-hd-steelbook-release-date/ |website= [[Valnet#Collider|Collider]]|date= July 28, 2022|access-date=August 14, 2022| archive-date= July 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730175308/https://collider.com/starship-troopers-4k-ultra-hd-steelbook-release-date/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HomeMediaCollider2017">{{cite web|first=Dave |last=Trumbore |title= ''Starship Troopers Traitor of Mars'' Clip Teases The Roughnecks' Return|url=https://collider.com/starship-troopers-traitor-of-mars-clip/ |website= [[Valnet#Collider|Collider]]|date=July 24, 2017|access-date=August 14, 2022| archive-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220814160750/https://collider.com/starship-troopers-traitor-of-mars-clip/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGNInvasion">{{cite web |date= September 20, 2012|first=RL |last=Shaffer |title= ''Starship Troopers: Invasion'' Blu-ray Review|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/20/starship-troopers-invasion-blu-ray-review |website=[[IGN]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date= July 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727191339/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/20/starship-troopers-invasion-blu-ray-review|url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="IndieWire90sPros">{{cite web |date=August 19, 2022 |first= David |last=Ehrlich |title=The Best Films Of The '90s: Edgar Wright, Lulu Wang, Bill Hader, John Boyega, And More Share Their Picks |url=https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/best-movies-90s-stars-lists/sylvester-stallone-and-braden-aftergood-balboa-prods/ |website=[[IndieWire]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date= August 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822203233/https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/best-movies-90s-stars-lists/ |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="Inverse2021TVSeries">{{cite web|first=Aaron |last=Pruner |title= Casper Van Dien Has A Genius Idea For A ''Starship Troopers'' Streaming Series|url=https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/starship-troopers-reboot-show-casper-van-dien-robert-rodriguez |website= [[Inverse (website)|Inverse]]|date=February 27, 2021 |access-date=August 18, 2022| archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310163515/https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/starship-troopers-reboot-show-casper-van-dien-robert-rodriguez |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="InverseThemes">{{cite web|first=Eric |last=Francisco |title= The One Sci-fi Satire You Need To Watch Before It Leaves Netflix This Week|url=https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/starship-troopers-streaming-netflix |website= [[Inverse (website)|Inverse]]|date=September 28, 2020 |access-date=August 18, 2022| archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818203626/https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/starship-troopers-streaming-netflix |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="InfAnime">{{cite web|last=Saabedra|first=Humberto |title=''Kaguya-sama''{{'}}s Season 3 ED Channels A Very Familiar And Campy Sci-Fi Movie|website=[[Crunchyroll]]|date=April 15, 2022 |url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2022/4/15/kaguya-samas-season-3-ed-channels-a-very-familiar-and-campy-sci-fi-movie |access-date=June 11, 2024 | archive-date=June 11, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240611174255/https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2022/4/15/kaguya-samas-season-3-ed-channels-a-very-familiar-and-campy-sci-fi-movie |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="InfHelldivers">{{cite web|last=Cripe |first=Michael |title=''Starship Troopers''{{'}} Casper Van Dien Reacts To ''Helldivers 2'': 'I Feel Like I'm Already Part Of It'|website=[[IGN]]|date=May 2, 2024 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/starship-troopers-casper-van-dien-reacts-to-helldivers-2-i-feel-like-im-already-part-of-it |access-date=June 11, 2024 | archive-date=May 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508072706/https://www.ign.com/articles/starship-troopers-casper-van-dien-reacts-to-helldivers-2-i-feel-like-im-already-part-of-it |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesFranchise">{{cite web|first1= Claudia |last1= Eller |first2= James|last2=Bates|title= Sony Banks On ''Godzilla'' Becoming A Monster Hit|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-07-fi-51086-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= November 7, 1997|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410175729/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-07-fi-51086-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesSummerAug1997">{{cite web|first=Claudia |last=Eller |title=The Heat Was On |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-12-fi-21659-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= August 12, 1997|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413193724/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-12-fi-21659-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesFlubber">{{cite web|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title= ''Flubber'' Takes Holiday Bounce To Top|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-02-ca-59874-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= December 2, 1997|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417152743/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-02-ca-59874-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesSep1996">{{cite web|first= David |last=Kronke |title= Attack Of The $100- Million Insects|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-09-23-ca-46882-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= September 23, 1996|access-date=August 5, 2022| archive-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409232226/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-09-23-ca-46882-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesSepAliens">{{cite web|first=Jack |last=Mathews |title= Storming The Cinema|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-19-ca-40643-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= April 19, 1998|access-date=August 5, 2022| archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413201946/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-19-ca-40643-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesAnticipated">{{cite web |title= The Plot Twist: Canton Wins New Praise|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-11-fi-11649-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= July 11, 1997|access-date=August 5, 2022| archive-date= April 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414202921/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-11-fi-11649-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LAtimesTouchstoneSony">{{cite web |title= Hope They Have A Big Enough Tour Bus|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-03-ca-49690-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= 3 November 1997|access-date=August 5, 2022| archive-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409151623/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-03-ca-49690-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesMerch">{{cite web|first=Marla |last=Matzer |title=Merchandising For R-Rated Films Has Some Bugs |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-oct-30-fi-48260-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 30, 1997 |access-date=August 5, 2022| archive-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409151623/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-oct-30-fi-48260-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesHiddenSatire">{{cite web|first=Michael |last=Voss |title=Exploring Hidden 'Satire' Of ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-08-ca-61817-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 8, 1997 |access-date=August 22, 2022| archive-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409151620/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-08-ca-61817-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="LATimesBO54Percent">{{cite web |title=''The Jackal'' Finds Its Target At Box Office |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-17-ca-54658-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 17, 1997 |access-date=August 22, 2022| archive-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409151623/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-17-ca-54658-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>

<ref name="LooperRoughnecks">{{cite web |date=February 4, 2021|first=Tom |last=Meisfjord |title= The Forgotten ''Starship Troopers'' TV Series You Didn't Know Existed|url=https://www.looper.com/327286/the-forgotten-starship-troopers-tv-series-you-didnt-know-existed/ |website=[[Static Media#Owned or associated websites|Looper.com]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814140939/https://www.looper.com/327286/the-forgotten-starship-troopers-tv-series-you-didnt-know-existed/ |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="MerchBoardgame">{{cite web|url=https://v1.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/tabletop/11532-8-Avalon-Hill-Board-Games-That-Deserve-New-Life.5|title=8 Avalon Hill Board Games That Deserve New Life|last=Keefer|first=John|date=May 30, 2014|website=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]|access-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122023940/https://v1.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/tabletop/11532-8-Avalon-Hill-Board-Games-That-Deserve-New-Life.5|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Metacritic">{{cite web |url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/starship-troopers |title=''Starship Troopers'' (1997) |website= [[Metacritic]] |access-date= April 12, 2022 |archive-date= April 5, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130405091732/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/starship-troopers |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="NewYorkerRetro">{{cite web|first=David |last= Roth |author-link=David Roth (writer) |title= How "''Starship Troopers''" Aligns With Our Moment Of American Defeat|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/how-starship-troopers-aligns-with-our-moment-of-american-defeat |website= [[The New Yorker]]|date=July 6, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=August 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802174112/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/how-starship-troopers-aligns-with-our-moment-of-american-defeat |url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesNov1097">{{cite web|first=Neil |last=Strauss |title= 50's Sci-Fi Camp Goes High-Tech; Icky Giants That Hop, Fight And Think|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/10/movies/50-s-sci-fi-camp-goes-high-tech-icky-giants-that-hop-fight-and-think.html|website=[[The New York Times]] |date= November 10, 1997|access-date=August 5, 2022| archive-date= January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104230014/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/10/movies/50-s-sci-fi-camp-goes-high-tech-icky-giants-that-hop-fight-and-think.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTimesOscars">{{cite web|first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |title= ''Titanic'' Leads The Oscar List With ''L.A.'' And ''Good Will''|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/11/movies/titanic-leads-the-oscar-list-with-la-and-good-will.html|website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 11, 1998|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=April 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423191916/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/11/movies/titanic-leads-the-oscar-list-with-la-and-good-will.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="Omundson">{{cite web |date= July 15, 2020 |first=Will |last=Harris |title= Timothy Omundson On His ''Seinfeld'' Start And Getting Back To ''Psych'' After Surviving A Stroke |url= https://www.avclub.com/timothy-omundson-on-his-seinfeld-start-and-getting-back-1844335402|website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date= August 28, 2024 |archive-date= December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218222058/https://www.avclub.com/timothy-omundson-on-his-seinfeld-start-and-getting-back-1844335402 |url-status= live}}</ref>

<ref name="PCGamer">{{cite web|first=Rich |last=Stanton |title= Casper Van Dien Is Loving The ''Starship Troopers'' Renaissance But Finds It Mind-boggling Some Still Take It At Face Value: 'My Grandfather Fought Against The Nazis, And It's Not A Pro-war Film—Everybody F***Ing Dies!'|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/games/fps/casper-van-dien-is-loving-the-starship-troopers-renaissance-but-still-finds-it-mind-boggling-how-some-take-it-at-face-value-my-grandfather-fought-against-the-nazis-and-its-not-a-pro-war-filmeverybody-fing-dies/ |website=[[PC Gamer]] |date=June 11, 2024 |access-date=June 11, 2024| archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611220611/https://www.pcgamer.com/games/fps/casper-van-dien-is-loving-the-starship-troopers-renaissance-but-still-finds-it-mind-boggling-how-some-take-it-at-face-value-my-grandfather-fought-against-the-nazis-and-its-not-a-pro-war-filmeverybody-fing-dies/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewNYTimesMaslin">{{cite web|first= Janet|last=Maslin |author-link=Janet Maslin |title=Film Review; No Bugs Too Large For This Swat Team |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/07/movies/film-review-no-bugs-too-large-for-this-swat-team.html|website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 7, 1997 |access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=April 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422183302/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/07/movies/film-review-no-bugs-too-large-for-this-swat-team.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewEmpire">{{cite web|first= Adam|last=Smith |title= ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/starship-troopers-review/|website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=January 1, 2000 |access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date=December 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219170142/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/starship-troopers-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewEbert">{{cite web|first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |title= ''Starship Troopers'' Movie Review (1997) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/starship-troopers-1997 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |date=November 7, 1997 |access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date= March 31, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220331173638/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/starship-troopers-1997|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewLATimes">{{cite web|first=Kenneth |last=Turan |author-link=Kenneth Turan |title= Based on a Heinlein Novel, 'Starship Troopers' is Directed by Paul Verhoeven With Lots of Attention to Mayhem, Gore and Goo|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-07-ca-51016-story.html |website= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 7, 1997|access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date= March 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331201538/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-07-ca-51016-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewEW">{{cite web|first=Owen |last=Gleiberman |author-link=Owen Gleiberman |title= Movie Review: ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/movie-review-starship-troopers-2/ |website= [[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 7, 1997 |access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203155639/https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/movie-review-starship-troopers-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewSFGate">{{cite web|first=Mick |last=LaSalle |author-link=Mick LaSalle |title= Film Review -- Raid!!! / ''Starship Troopers'' Will Leave Viewers Bug-Eyed -- And Reaching For A Huge Fly Swatter|url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/FILM-REVIEW-RAID-Starship-Troopers-will-2797232.php |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date= November 7, 1997|access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516013503/https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/FILM-REVIEW-RAID-Starship-Troopers-will-2797232.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewSalon">{{cite web|first= Scott |last=Rosenberg |title= Melrose Vs. The Monsters|url=https://www.salon.com/ent/movies/1997/11/07starship.html |website=[[Salon.com]] |access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date= 2008-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719131355/https://www.salon.com/ent/movies/1997/11/07starship.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewRosenbaum">{{cite web|first= Jonathan |last= Rosenbaum|author-link=Jonathan Rosenbaum |title= Multinational Pest Control ''Starship Troopers'' |url=https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2023/05/multinational-pest-control/|website=[[Jonathan Rosenbaum|JonathanRosenbaum.net]] |date=May 12, 2023|access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date= November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101013143/https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2020/04/multinational-pest-control/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ReviewReelViews">{{cite web|first=James |last=Berardinelli |author-link=James Berardinelli |title= ''Starship Troopers'' (United States, 1997)|url=https://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/starship-troopers |website=[[James Berardinelli|ReelViews]] |access-date=August 21, 2022| archive-date= May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516142409/https://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/starship-troopers |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="RollingStoneVerho2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/starship-troopers-director-remake-fits-trump-presidency-w450823|title=Original ''Starship Troopers'' Director: Remake Fits Trump Presidency|last1=Reed|first1=Ryan|date=November 16, 2016|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=February 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214032231/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/original-starship-troopers-director-remake-fits-trump-presidency-115777/|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="RottenTomatoes">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/starship_troopers |title=''Starship Troopers'' (1997) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101005527/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/starship_troopers |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SalonORourke">{{cite web|first=Keith A. |last=Spencer | title= Beto O'Rourke's "War Tax" Is Straight Out Of "''Starship Troopers''"|url=https://www.salon.com/2019/06/25/beto-orourkes-war-tax-is-straight-out-of-starship-troopers/ |website=[[Salon.com]] |date=June 25, 2019|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date= June 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612043752/https://www.salon.com/2019/06/25/beto-orourkes-war-tax-is-straight-out-of-starship-troopers/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRant90s">{{cite web |first=Nathan |last=Sharp |title=10 Action Movies From The '90s That Critics Hated (But Audiences Loved) |url=https://screenrant.com/90s-action-movies-critic-hate-audience-love/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 29, 2020 |access-date=May 30, 2020 |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611113644/https://screenrant.com/90s-action-movies-critic-hate-audience-love/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRantDizzy">{{cite web|first=Padraig |last=Cotter |title= Dina Meyer's Dizzy Is The Best Character In ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://screenrant.com/dina-meyer-starship-troopers-movie-best-character/ |website= [[Screen Rant]]|date= March 24, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414210848/https://screenrant.com/dina-meyer-starship-troopers-movie-best-character/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRant15Things">{{cite web|first=Kayleena |last=Pierce-Bohen |title= 15 Things About ''Starship Troopers'' That Haven't Aged Well|url=https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-things-havent-aged-well/ |website= [[Screen Rant]]|date= July 18, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 3, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220403215109/https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-things-havent-aged-well/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRantRetro">{{cite web|first=Keith |last=Deininger |title= ''Starship Troopers''{{'}} Secret Meaning Explained: What It Was Really About|url=https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-movie-meaning-fascism-military-explained/ |website= [[Screen Rant]]|date= June 5, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415075847/https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-movie-meaning-fascism-military-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRantWherearethey">{{cite web|first=Jack |last=Beresford |title=Where Are They Now? The Cast Of Starship Troopers |url=https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-cast-20th-anniversary-where-are-they-now/ |website= [[Screen Rant]]|date=May 26, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414211614/https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-cast-20th-anniversary-where-are-they-now/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRantWhyitfailed">{{cite web|first=Keith |last=Langston |title= Why ''Starship Troopers'' Bombed So Hard (And How It Became A Cult Classic)|url=https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-movie-bomb-fail-cult-classic-reason/ |website= [[Screen Rant]]|date= September 2, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date= August 13, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220813113008/https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-movie-bomb-fail-cult-classic-reason/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenRantAds">{{cite web|first=Sarah Bea |last=Milner |title= ''Starship Troopers''{{'}} Fake Advertisements Explained|url=https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-movie-fake-commercial-mobile-infantry-explained/ |website= [[Screen Rant]]|date= June 23, 2020|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711033112/https://screenrant.com/starship-troopers-movie-fake-commercial-mobile-infantry-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenNC17">{{cite web|first=Shawn S. |last=Lealos |title=10 Surprising Movies That Were Originally Rated NC-17, But Were Edited Down To Rated R |url=https://screenrant.com/movies-originally-rated-nc17-edited-down-to-r/ |website= [[Screen Rant]]|date=February 18, 2020 |access-date=September 12, 2024 | archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523100102/https://screenrant.com/movies-originally-rated-nc17-edited-down-to-r/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SlashFilmSequels">{{cite web|first=Rob |last=Hunter |title= Should You Enlist For The ''Starship Troopers'' DTV Sequels?|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/571683/starship-troopers-sequels/ |website=[[/Film]] |date=January 20, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220416203539/https://www.slashfilm.com/571683/starship-troopers-sequels/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="StrangeHorizons">{{cite web|first= Brenta |last=Blevins |title= Offworlding Without Leaving Earth: Going On Location With ''Starship Troopers''|url=http://strangehorizons.com/non-fiction/articles/offworlding-without-leaving-earth-going-on-location-with-starship-troopers/ |website=[[Strange Horizons]] |date= April 23, 2007|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417211612/http://strangehorizons.com/non-fiction/articles/offworlding-without-leaving-earth-going-on-location-with-starship-troopers/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Stinkers">{{cite web |title= The Stinkers 1997 Ballot |url= http://www.thestinkers.com/1997.html |website= [[Stinkers Bad Movie Awards]] |access-date=August 13, 2022 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000818030700/http://www.thestinkers.com/1997.html |archive-date= August 18, 2000}}</ref>

<ref name="SyFyRetro">{{cite web|first= Tim|last=Grierson |title= This Week In Genre History: ''Starship Troopers'' Was A Bugged-out Critique Of Fascism|url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/this-week-in-genre-history-starship-troopers |website=[[Syfy|SyFy]] |date=November 4, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date= June 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608002627/https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/this-week-in-genre-history-starship-troopers |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TerranCommandIGN">{{cite web|first=Leana |last=Hafer |title= ''Starship Troopers'': Terran Command Review|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/starship-troopers-terran-command-review |website= [[IGN]]|date= June 17, 2022|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=August 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811152023/https://www.ign.com/articles/starship-troopers-terran-command-review |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TerranCommandDOG">{{cite web|first=Matthew |last=Byrd |title= ''Starship Troopers'' Strategy Game Releasing In 2020|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/games/starship-troopers-strategy-game-release-date/|website=[[Den of Geek]] |date= December 3, 2019|access-date=August 11, 2022| archive-date=August 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811152112/https://www.denofgeek.com/games/starship-troopers-strategy-game-release-date/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="TheAtlanticMisunderstood">{{cite web|first=Calum |last=Marsh |title= ''Starship Troopers'': One Of The Most Misunderstood Movies Ever|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/11/-em-starship-troopers-em-one-of-the-most-misunderstood-movies-ever/281236/ |website= [[The Atlantic]]|date=November 7, 2013|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220417143728/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/11/-em-starship-troopers-em-one-of-the-most-misunderstood-movies-ever/281236/|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="TheGuardianREtro">{{cite web|first=Scott|last=Tobias |title=Total Recall at 30: A Thrilling Reminder Of Paul Verhoeven At His Best |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jun/01/total-recall-paul-verhoeven-at-his-best |website=[[The Guardian]] |date= June 1, 2020 |access-date=November 6, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210929212514/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jun/01/total-recall-paul-verhoeven-at-his-best|archive-date=September 29, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbersBO">{{cite web|title= ''Starship Troopers'' (1997) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Starship-Troopers#tab=box-office |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date= April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409145135/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Starship-Troopers#tab=box-office |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbersworldwide">{{cite web |title= Top 1997 Movies At The Worldwide Box Office|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1997 |website= [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=August 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815223012/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1997 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TheNumbersDomestic1997">{{cite web |title= Top 1997 Movies At The Domestic Box Office|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/domestic/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1997 |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date= April 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409145136/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/domestic/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-1997 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TheVergeRetro">{{cite web|first=Joshua |last=Rivera |title= The World Is Finally Coming Around To ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://www.theverge.com/21319886/starship-troopers-movie-yesterdays-future |website=[[The Verge]] |date= July 10, 2020|access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=March 31, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220331193544/https://www.theverge.com/21319886/starship-troopers-movie-yesterdays-future |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="THRTraitor">{{Cite web |last=McMillan |first=Graeme |date=June 5, 2017 |title=''Starship Troopers'' Animated Sequel ''Traitor of Mars'' To Debut In Theaters For One Night Only |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/starship-troopers-animated-sequel-traitor-mars-debut-theaters-one-night-1010088/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407195400/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/starship-troopers-animated-sequel-traitor-mars-debut-theaters-one-night-1010088/ |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |access-date=August 14, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>

<ref name="THRReboot">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/starship-troopers-reboot-works-943882|title=''Starship Troopers'' Reboot In The Works (Exclusive)|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=November 3, 2016|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=June 7, 2017|archive-date=June 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610170727/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/starship-troopers-reboot-works-943882|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="VarietyTango">{{cite web|first= Bashirah |last=Muttalib |title= Warehouse Proves Ready|url=https://variety.com/1998/voices/columns/warehouse-proves-ready-1117478288/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= July 9, 1998|access-date=August 13, 2022| archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813214301/https://variety.com/1998/voices/columns/warehouse-proves-ready-1117478288/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ViceRetro">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Bailey |title= 1997 Was An Amazing Year For Dystopian Sci-fi Movies|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/1997-was-an-amazing-year-for-dystopian-sci-fi-movies/ |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=November 3, 2017 |access-date=August 13, 2022| archive-date= February 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215182337/https://www.vice.com/en/article/mb394x/1997-was-an-amazing-year-for-dystopian-sci-fi-movies |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ViceRetro2024">{{cite web|first=Jordan |last=Pearson |title=How ''Starship Troopers''{{'}} Psychic Subplot Explains Its Divisive Message |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/starship-troopers-movie-satire-psychic-powers/ |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024 | archive-date=September 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906230651/https://www.vice.com/en/article/starship-troopers-movie-satire-psychic-powers/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="VultureCulkin">{{cite web |date= August 21, 2018|first=Erik |last=Abriss |title= Macaulay Culkin Breaks Down The Brilliant Satire Of ''Starship Troopers''|url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/08/macaulay-culkin-on-the-brilliant-satire-of-starship-troopers.html|website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |access-date= August 14, 2022 |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816151207/https://www.vulture.com/2018/08/macaulay-culkin-on-the-brilliant-satire-of-starship-troopers.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="WaPoHunterNazis">{{cite web|first=Stephen |last=Hunter |author-link=Stephen Hunter |title=Goosestepping At The Movies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1997/11/11/goosestepping-at-the-movies/83272787-18ae-4126-b8c4-3d46b1b31277/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 11, 1997
 |access-date=April 15, 2022| archive-date= August 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220822172836/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1997/11/11/goosestepping-at-the-movies/83272787-18ae-4126-b8c4-3d46b1b31277/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="WaPoReviewKempley">{{cite web|first=Rita |last=Kempley |title=''Starship Troopers'': A Slew Of Beauties Bash Big Bugs |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/starshiptrooperskemp.htm |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 7, 1997 |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220822172705/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/starshiptrooperskemp.htm |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>

<ref name="WAPOHunter">{{cite web|first=Stephen |last=Hunter |author-link=Stephen Hunter |title=97 Film |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1997/12/28/97-film/51e64d76-16c0-4ff8-be1d-7a39eea7e692/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 28, 1997 |access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220822171201/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1997/12/28/97-film/51e64d76-16c0-4ff8-be1d-7a39eea7e692/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref>
</references>

===Books===
* {{cite book|first=Olivier |last=Guéret |editor=Margaret Barton-Fumo |title=Paul Verhoeven: Interviews |date=2016 |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |location=United States |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/110719 |pages=126–129 |isbn=978-1496810199}}
* {{cite book|first=Leighton |last=Grist |title=Fascism and Millennial American Cinema |chapter=A (Fascist) New World Order/A (Fascistically Contested) New World Order |date=2018|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=United Kingdom|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-59566-9_4 |pages= 115–156|isbn=978-1137595652}}
* {{cite book |last=Sammon |first=Paul M. |title=The Making Of Starship Troopers |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]] |location=United States |date=1997 |isbn=978-0316644617}}
* {{cite book|first=Tom |last=Shippey|title=Histories of the Future: Studies in Fact, Fantasy and Science Fiction |chapter=Starship Troopers, Galactic Heroes, Mercenary Princes: the Military and its Discontents in Science Fiction |date=2000 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=United Kingdom|doi=10.1007/978-1-4039-1929-8_12 |pages= 168–183|isbn=978-0295993058}}
* {{cite book|first=Bill |last=Warren|editor=Margaret Barton-Fumo |title=Paul Verhoeven: Interviews |date=2016 |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |location=United States |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/110719 |pages=120–125 |isbn=978-1496810199}}
* {{cite book|first=G. |last=Whitehall |title=To Seek Out New Worlds: Exploring Links between Science Fiction and World Politics |chapter=The Problem of the "World and Beyond" |date=2003 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=United Kingdom |doi=10.1057/9781403982087_8 |pages= 169–193|isbn=978-1403960580}}

===Journals===
* {{cite journal|first=Brian E|last=Crim|title="A World That Works": Fascism and Media Globalization in Starship Troopers |journal=[[Film & History|Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies]] |date=2009|publisher=Center for the Study of Film & History |location=United States |doi=10.1353/flm.0.0105 |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=17–25}}
* {{cite journal|first=Lene |last=Hansen|title=Feminism in the Fascist Utopia: gender and world order in Starship Troopers|journal=[[International Feminist Journal of Politics]] |date=2001|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |location=United Kingdom|doi=10.1080/14616740110053065 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=25–44}}
* {{cite journal|first=Mark E.|last=Rosenthal|title=The Violent Excess of the Image and the Negation of Law in Starship Troopers |journal=[[Griffith Law School|Griffith Law Review]] |date=2001|publisher=[[Griffith University]] |location= Australia |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/griffith10&i=374 |volume=10|issue=2 |pages=172–186}}
* {{cite journal|first=Florentine |last=Strzelczyk|title=Our Future—Our Past: Fascism, Postmodernism, and Starship Troopers (1997) |journal=[[Modernism/modernity]] |date=January 2008|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|location=United States|doi=10.1353/mod.2008.0012 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=87–99}}
* {{cite journal|first=Paul |last=Williams|title=Starship Troopers, the War on Terror and the spectacle of censorship |journal=[[Liverpool University Press|Science Fiction Film and Television]] |date=2009|publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]] |location=United Kingdom|url=https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/269116 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=25–44|doi=10.3828/sfftv.2.1.2 |url-access=subscription }}

== External links ==
* {{AFI film|id=61484}}
* {{IMDb title|0120201}}
* {{TCMDb title|328903}}

{{Starship Troopers}}
{{Paul Verhoeven}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Subject bar|portal1=1990s|portal2=Film |portal3=United States|portal4=Science fiction|portal5=Speculative fiction|commons=yes|n=no|wikt=no|q=no|d=no|voy=no|d-search=Q478626}}

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[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1990s American films]]
[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:1990s satirical films]]
[[Category:1997 science fiction action films]]
[[Category:1990s science fiction adventure films]]
[[Category:1990s science fiction war films]]
[[Category:American satirical films]]
[[Category:American science fiction adventure films]]
[[Category:American science fiction action films]]
[[Category:American science fiction war films]]
[[Category:American splatter films]]
[[Category:American teen films]]
[[Category:Anti-war films]]
[[Category:Films about extraterrestrial life]]
[[Category:Films about impact events]]
[[Category:Films based on American novels]]
[[Category:Films based on science fiction novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Paul Verhoeven]]
[[Category:Films produced by Alan Marshall (producer)]]
[[Category:Films produced by Jon Davison (film producer)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Basil Poledouris]]
[[Category:Films set in Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Films set in the 23rd century]]
[[Category:Films set on fictional planets]]
[[Category:Films shot in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Films shot in Wyoming]]
[[Category:Saturn Award–winning films]]
[[Category:Starship Troopers films]]
[[Category:Touchstone Pictures films]]
[[Category:TriStar Pictures films]]
[[Category:War adventure films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Edward Neumeier]]
[[Category:Buena Vista International films]]
[[Category:1997 science fiction films]]
[[Category:English-language science fiction adventure films]]
[[Category:English-language science fiction action films]]
[[Category:English-language war films]]