View source for Stielhandgranate

{{Italic title}}
{{Distinguish|text = the German cannon-caliber rifle-grenades: [[Stielgranate 41]] and [[Stielgranate 42]]}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_explosive       = yes
| name               = ''Stielhandgranate''
| image              = File:M24 1.JPG
| image_size         = 250
| caption            = Model 1924 ''Stielhandgranate''
| origin             = [[German Empire]]
| design_date        = 1915 - 1943
| wars               = [[World War I]]<br>[[Spanish Civil War]]<br>[[Second Sino-Japanese War]]<br>[[World War II]]<br>[[Cold War]]
| used_by            = See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
| filling            = [[Trinitrotoluene]]
| detonation         = friction igniter and 4¹/₂ second delay
| number             = 
| weight             = {{convert|595|g|lboz|abbr=on}}
| filling_weight     = {{convert|170|g|oz|abbr=on}}
| length             = {{convert|365| mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| diameter           = {{convert|70|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| variants           = 
}}
<!-- Please be aware that this article is under a major renovation by a single editor, a large amount of material has temporarily been omitted in the page due to daily time restraints. Please do not remove large amounts of material, as much of the information does have a citation, but has not been written into the article due to reconstruction and revising. --><!-- Only a handful of edits between November 2017 and January 2018, assuming the above-unsigned notice has gone stale, and proceeding with copy edit. -->
'''{{Lang|de|Stielhandgranate}}''' is the [[German language|German]] term for "[[stick hand grenade]]" and generally refers to a prominent series of [[World War I]] and [[World War II]]–era German stick grenade designs. The first models were introduced by the [[Imperial German Army]] during World War&nbsp;I and the final design was introduced during World War&nbsp;II by the German [[Wehrmacht]].

== History ==
Germany entered [[World War I]] with a single grenade type: a heavy {{convert|750|g|adj=on}} ball-shaped fragmentation grenade (''[[Kugelhandgranate]]'') for use only by [[pioneer (military)|pioneers]] in attacking fortifications.

However, this was too heavy for regular battlefield use by untrained troops and not suitable for mass production. This left Germany without a standard-issue grenade and improvised designs similar to those of the British were used until a proper grenade could be supplied.<ref>{{citation |title=Intro & History |work=Bergflak's Lounge |url=http://www.bergflak.com/m24hist.html}}</ref>

In 1915, industries of the German Empire designed and began production of the original ''Stielhandgranate'', the "Model 1915" (M15).

The Weimar Republic revived the ''Stielhandgranate'', and created a new version in 1924, the "Model 1924" (M24). The Model 1924 was rather ineffective by itself at damaging or disabling an enemy armored vehicle or destroying fortifications. It also lacked the shrapnel effect of most other grenades of the time.

To overcome these faults, various German industries during World War II produced a number of variants that widened the utility and capability of the M24.

== Design ==
The Stielhandgranate can be distinguished by their long wooden handles, pull cord arming and cylindrical warheads.

Aside from its unusual appearance, the ''Stielhandgranate'' used a friction igniter system. This had been used in other German grenades, but was uncommon internationally.

The Model 15 used a priming system, unlike the [[percussion cap]] pin used in most grenades of the period. The easily recognizable "potato masher" shape is a result of a number of different styles and choices of the design.

The grenade mounted a charge head within a sheet-steel cylinder atop a long hollow wooden handle. Internally, the explosive&nbsp;– initially [[ammonal]] but later approximately {{convert|170|g|oz|abbr=on}} of [[trinitrotoluene]] filling<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Peter |title=Model 24 Stielhandgranate Grenade |url=http://ww2db.com/weapon.php?q=O153 |access-date=8 March 2017 |website=ww2db |publisher=Lava Development LCC.}}</ref>&nbsp;– was connected to a detonator, and a [[pull cord]] ran from the detonator down the length of the hollow handle, emerging from the base.

=== Effectiveness ===
During World War I, the ''Stielhandgranate'', under the name M1915 (Model 1915), competed technologically with the British standard-issue [[Mills bomb]] series. The first Mills bomb– the grenade {{abbr|No.|number}} 5 Mk. 1 – was introduced the same year as the German Model 1915, but due to manufacturing delays it was not widely distributed into general service until 1916. Thus, there was a small period of time where German troops had large supplies of new Model 1915 grenades, while their British opponents only had a small number.

The British [[War Office]] reported average thrown distance of a Mills bomb as {{convert|30|yard|m||abbr=on|order=flip}} when standing, {{convert|25|yard|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} when crouched and {{convert|24|yard|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} lying prone.<ref>"WO 291/472 Performance and handling of HE grenades"</ref> One issue that hand grenades of the time had was unpredictable rolling after landing.

The ''Stielhandgranate'' did not suffer nearly as much. Instead of rolling straight down a hill or across rough terrain, it would instead roll from side to side. However, the larger size and the irregular overall shape meant that fewer grenades could be carried. It also took longer to prime the grenade than Allied counterparts such as the Mills bomb.

The ''Stielhandgranate'' was extremely effective and reliable in clearing enclosed areas, such as buildings, fortifications, and the fighting compartments of enemy tanks, although performance in wide open areas was less satisfactory. The blast effect went only a limited distance before dying out, while pieces from an equivalent fragmentation grenade could fly hundreds of metres (it was not unrealistic to expect that metal shrapnel could create [[friendly fire]] casualties, especially in open areas).

== Operation ==
The ''Stielhandgranate'' primarily relied on a concussion blast effect, its thin metal container creating little fragmentation compared with many grenades of the time, such as the Mills bomb and the French [[F1 grenade (France)|F1 grenade]], the later [[World War II]] American [[Mk 2 grenade]], and the Russian (later Soviet) [[F1 grenade (Russia)|F1 grenade]].

=== Early models ===
To use the Model 15, a soldier would pull the string downwards, dragging a rough steel rod through the igniter within the fuse. The rod's abrasive contact would cause sparks and a flame to light, setting the fuse burning.

This fuse took approximately four and a half seconds to reach the detonator before exploding.

=== Later models ===
The Model 24 ''Stielhandgranate'' was stored in specially designed crates during transport, which could carry up to 15 individual grenades.

Adapting to the rapidly changing field of modern warfare, German soldiers would carry the M24 directly in front, allowing quick and easy access. However, in the later years of the war it was often advised to carry them in a different manner, as it was very likely any sort of explosion or heat could light the fuse from the grenade on the belt, resulting in unnecessary casualties.

As a safety precaution, units of the ''Wehrmacht'' were advised to only insert the actual fuse assemblies when about to go into combat. Later in the war, however, many soldiers of the ''Wehrmacht'' would always have their weapons ready, due to the fierceness seen in the Soviet [[Red Army]] in the east and the progressive advance of the Allies on the [[Western Front (World War II)|Western Front]].

A reminder ({{Langx|de|Vor Gebrauch Sprengkapsel einsetzen|4=Before use insert detonator}}).was stenciled on each explosive charge.

=== Alternative uses ===
{{See also|Bundle charge|Bangalore torpedo}}
The M24 lacked effectiveness against hard targets such as tanks and buildings. A common solution was an improvised "[[bundle charge]]" ({{Langx|de|Geballte Ladung|4=Interconnected charge}}).<ref name="m24explo">{{cite web |title=Alternative use of the Stielhandgranate 24: Geballte und gestreckte Ladung |url=https://www.bergflak.com/m24explo.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=bergflak.com}}</ref>

The heads of a number of M24 grenades&nbsp;– their handles and fuses removed&nbsp;– would be strapped around a complete grenade, usually with simple rope, cloth, or metal wire, a solution initially invented during [[World War I]] using M15, M16 and M17 grenades.<ref name="m24explo" /> These "bundle charges" could be crafted with up to six additional heads around the complete grenade, the most common styles being the addition of four or six M24 heads.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

As a result of this cost-effective and reliable solution, the standard infantryman of the ''Wehrmacht'' could quickly improvise a grenade with up to seven times the explosive power. However, the added weight made it more difficult to throw, and the increased size meant that it was not practical to carry with one hand and that far fewer could be carried.

These factors meant that infantry squads, if faced with an armored enemy, would have to close to a reduced range if they wanted to use the bundle charges.

During the early years of World War&nbsp;II, there was little in terms of truly effective German handheld weaponry designed to fight hard targets such as armored vehicles and structures, and even later in the war this style of bundle grenade remained useful to the common ''Heer'' infantryman.<ref name="m24explo" />

Another version of improvised weapon using M24 grenades was a type of [[bangalore torpedo]] ({{Langx|de|Gestreckte Ladung|4=Elongated Charge}}) made out of a number of M24 grenades&nbsp;– their handles and fuses removed and replaced with detonators&nbsp;– mounted to a long stick or plank behind one another with a complete grenade at one end to initiate the explosion.<ref name="m24explo" /><gallery>
File:Geballte ladung.jpg|Bundle charge design for the ''Stielhandgranate 24''
File:Stick grenade bangalore (white).png|Improvised [[bangalore torpedo]] using the Stielhandgranate 24
</gallery>

== Variants ==

=== World War I models ===
{{Main|Model 15 Stielhandgranate}}
As World War I progressed, the Model 1915 ''Stielhandgranate'' was improved with various changes. These variants received designations such as the Model 1916 and the Model 1917.

==== Stielhandgranate 16 ====
The pull cord which activated the M15 grenade's fuse protruded from the base and could get caught in debris or clutter on the battlefields of World War&nbsp;I, causing the fuse to be ignited, and the grenade to explode on the belt of an unaware infantryman. This resulted in the introduction of the Model 1916 (M16).

Functionally identical to the M15, the M16 changed the pull cord to improve safety. A small porcelain ball was placed at the base of the grenade, attached directly to the pull cord. This prevented the string from being exposed. The small bead was partially enveloped in the wooden handle, meaning that some force was needed to pluck it out. Operation was nearly identical, except that a soldier no longer needed to pull the string itself.

==== Stielhandgranate 17 ====
Another development of the ''Stielhandgranate'' was implemented during the later stages of World War&nbsp;I, affecting the priming system. The base of the ''Stielhandgranate''{{'}}s handle was slightly redesigned, and a metal cover cap was introduced. 
This cap concealed the porcelain bead and pull cord, allowing it to simply rest freely inside of the handle. The operator pulled the cap off and then pulled the cord as with the M16.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150" style="text-align:left">
File:MWP Stielhandgranate.JPG|Two First World War "Stielhandgranaten" alongside a vaguely similar Austro-Hungarian ceramic design. The front "Stielhandgranate" is the Model 1917, and the back "Stielhandgranate" is the Model 1916 with visible belt clips.
File:Ausrüstung im Weltkrieg, BLM, IMG 8854 edit.jpg|M17 grenade among a British [[Mills bomb]] grenade and a [[M1879 Reichsrevolver|M1879 ''Reichsrevolver'']]
File:Stielhandgranate17.JPG|Removed metal cap on M17 grenade
File:Stielhandgranate1917.jpg|Exposed [[pull cord]] on M17 grenade 
</gallery>

=== World War II models ===

==== Stielhandgranate 24 ====
{{Main|Model 24 Stielhandgranate}}
While retaining the same explosive and fuse, the main distinction between the M24 and the original M15 is a slightly shorter charge head and the removal of a belt carry clip. At the same time the wooden handle was lengthened.

The intent of these design alterations was simply for mobility; German soldiers could easily (and often did) tuck the grenade in behind their uniform's belt, held tight and secure. Being slightly lighter, and smaller in thickness, this improved overall use.

The M24 (75.5 million produced) was, alongside the slightly more common [[Model 39 grenade]] (84.2 million produced), the standard hand grenade of the German ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' during World War II.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIBJo5ks-ho&t=37 Potato Masher what everyone gets wrong, Military History Visualized.] YouTube</ref>

==== Stielhandgranate 24 Kalt ====
During numerous operations of the [[invasion of the Soviet Union]], the ''[[German Army (1935–1945)|Heer]]'' found that under freezing conditions the M24's fuse could fail to ignite.

In response, a variant with a cold-resistant explosive was developed and supplied to most units deployed on the eastern front (especially into present-day Russia).

During production, the metal charge head was marked with a letter ''K'', signifying its status as the winter variant ({{Langx|de|Kalt|4=Cold}}).<ref name="m24">{{cite web |title=Stielhandgranate 24 |url=https://www.bergflak.com/m24.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=bergflak.com}}</ref>

==== Nebelhandgranate 39 ====
The ''Wehrmacht'' lacked a proper [[smoke grenade]] to allow infantry to cover advances or retreats, or for assaulting a position. A smoke version of the M24 ({{Langx|de|Nebelhandgranate 39|4=Fog hand grenade 39}}) was produced.<ref name="m24nb">{{cite web |title=Nebelhandgranate 39 and smoke in general |url=https://www.bergflak.com/m24nb.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=bergflak.com}}</ref>

The Nebelhandgranate 39 had a remodeled fuse mechanism and a smoke charge instead of explosive; the smoke emitted from small vents in the underside of the charge head.

To make it readily distinguishable from an M4, it had large markings on the head and a white band on the handle. Later, the handle was textured so that they could be told apart by touch.<ref name="m24nb" />

'''Übungs-Stielhandgranate 24'''

Like most of the forces that took part in World War&nbsp;II, the Wehrmacht produced inert (not able to explode) practice versions of the standard-issue grenade, designed to aid recruits on how to properly throw and operate the weapon during training.

An exercise version ({{Langx|de|Übungs-Stielhandgranate 24|4=Exercise-stick hand grenade 24}}) was introduced that was characterized by its bright-red warhead with big [[perforated]] holes going throughout.<ref name="m24ub">{{Cite web |title=The Übungs-Stielhandgranate 24 |url=https://www.bergflak.com/m24ub.html |access-date=2022-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Original German WWII Training M24 Stick Grenade by Richard Rinker - Dated 1936 |url=https://www.ima-usa.com/products/original-german-wwii-training-m24-stick-grenade-by-richard-rinker-dated-1936 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=[[International Military Antiques]]}}</ref>

The ''Übungs-Stielhandgranate'' 24 could be outfitted with an exercise charge and a fuse with a pull cord that made a bang and puff of smoke to indicate explosion when used.<ref name="m24ub" /><ref name="hgr & rökfacklor 60">{{cite book |title=Beskrivning av handgranater och rökfacklor |date=1960 |publisher=[[Kungliga Arméförvaltningen]] |location=Sweden |page=10}}</ref>

==== Stielhandgranate 43 ====
{{Main|Model 43 Stielhandgranate}}
[[File:Stielhandgranate 43 MHM noBG.png|thumb|''Stielhandgranate'' 43 with a ''[[splitterring]]'' fragmentation sleeve]]The Model 1924 grenade was technically "succeeded" by the Model 1943 (M43). This was a copy with a few expensive parts removed or replaced for easier production&nbsp;– and because of this, the original remained in service with ''Wehrmacht'' infantry right to the end of the war.

The only significant alterations in the M43's design was the inclusion of a self-contained detonator, meaning that the fuse and the explosive were directly linked. The M43 also utilized an entirely different fuse assembly, very similar to that of the [[Model 39 grenade]], another German hand grenade of the time.

Not only was the stick no longer needed to be hollowed out for a pull cord as in the M24, minimizing the amount of woodworking required to manufacture each grenade, it also made the stick optional so it could replace the Model 39 as the thrower could choose in which configuration to use the grenade.

Whether it was intended to merge the production of two types into a single line, or if that was a beneficial side-effect is unknown.<ref>{{cite web |title=German M.43 "Egg" Grenade |url=http://www.inert-ord.net/ger03a/gerhgr/m39/index.html}}</ref>

=== Foreign productions ===
Aside from [[Nazi Germany]], the ''Stielhandgranate'' 24 was used globally during World War&nbsp;II. A number of nations either directly acquired or purchased stockpiles of the grenade, or created similar versions with very slight adjustments.

==== China ====
{{main|Type 67 hand grenade|Type 77 hand grenade}}

==== Japan ====
{{Main|Type 98 grenade}}

==== Sweden ====
{{Main|Spränghandgranat m/43}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="170" style="text-align:left">
File:German troops in Russia - NARA - 540156 (cropped retouched).jpg|German soldier ready to throw a ''{{Lang|de|Stielhandgranate}} 24''.
File:Stick hand grenade throw clip.gif|Demonstration of a German ''{{Lang|de|Stielhandgranate}}'' 24, 1946.
File:Stielhandgranate 24 Translated.png|Translated cross-section of the ''{{Lang|de|Stielhandgranate}}'' 24.
File:WW2 Norway 1940 German Army uniform Wehrmacht Heer Gott mit Uns belt buckle Stielhandgranate stick hand grenade Arquebus krigshistorisk museum War History Tysvær 2020-06 08052.jpg|Two ''{{Lang|de|Stielhandgranate}}'' 24s on a belt.
File:Front cover of War supplement of China pictorial.jpg|A Chinese infantryman wielding an M24 in German uniform
File:A Chinese soldier with a Model 24 grenade.jpg|Chinese soldier wearing a German helmet throwing a M24-style grenade
File:Ba lu bing gong chang.jpg|Chinese workers producing copies of the M24 by hand.
File:Lot 11614-10 (24247037560) (cropped).jpg|Chinese chest rig outfitted with four Chinese-made stick grenades, circa 1942.
File:Chinese infantry soldier preparing a suicide vest of Model 24 hand grenades at the Battle of Taierzhuang against Japanese Tanks.jpg|Chinese [[suicide bomber]] putting on an [[Suicide weapon|explosive vest]] of M24 style hand grenades to use against Japanese tanks at the [[Battle of Taierzhuang]]
File:Wehrmacht soldier of the Croatian Legion (35405980276).png|A soldier in [[369th Croatian Reinforced Infantry Regiment (Wehrmacht)|the Croatian volunteer unit of the Wehrmacht]] with a ''Stielhandgranate'' tucked in his belt. He wields a [[MG 34|MG34]] and wears a [[Belt (firearms)|belt of ammo]]. (colorized)
File:Obergefreiter with a Nebelhandgranate Stielhandgranate M-24 (37073699142).png|German soldier with Nebelhandgranate 39 (colorized)
</gallery>

== Users ==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
The German ''Stielhandgranate''-series has been used in many conflicts, including both world wars.

{| class="wikitable" 
|+Official and unofficial users of all versions of the ''Stielhandgranate''
! rowspan=2|User||rowspan=2|Type of service||rowspan=2|Self-manufactured||colspan=5| Type of model in use
|-
! Model 1915
! Model 1916
! Model 1917
! Model 1924
! Model 1943
|-
!colspan=8| Official users
|-
|{{flag|German Empire}}
|style="text-align:center"| Full military service
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|-
|{{flag|Weimar Republic}}
|style="text-align:center"| Full military service
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|-
|{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|style="text-align:center"| Full military service
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}<ref name="amreg A42">{{cite book |title=Amregister, Ammunitionsregister för armén |publisher=Ammunitionsavdelningen vid tygdepartementets 1. materialbyrå |edition=1942 |location=Stockholm, Sweden |language=sv |chapter=VI: S-, övnhgr.}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center"| Full military service
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓<ref name="amreg A42"/>
|style="text-align:center"| X
|-
|{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historiascripta.org/modern-era/ottoman-stormtrooper-units-in-world-war-i-formation-training-and-actions-in-the-middle-eastern-theatre/|title=Ottoman Stormtrooper units in World War I: Formation, training, and actions in the Middle Eastern theatre|first=Kostas|last=Chalastras|date=March 4, 2024}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center"| [[Yildirim Army Group]] (Stormtroopers) 
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|-
!colspan=10| Unofficial users
|-
|{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
|style="text-align:center"| Leased/purchased
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|-
|{{flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|name=Kingdom of Hungary}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tibor|first1=Rada|title=A Magyar Királyi Honvéd Ludovika Akadémia és a Testvérintézetek Összefoglalt Története (1830-1945)|volume=II|date=2001|chapter=Német gyalogsági fegyverek magyar kézben|trans-chapter=German infantry weapons in Hungarian hands|publisher=Gálos Nyomdász Kft.|location=Budapest|isbn=963-85764-3-X|language=hu|page=1114}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center"| Leased/purchased
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|-
|{{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} {{Citation needed|reason=examples of use?|date=April 2017}}
|style="text-align:center"| ?
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ?
|style="text-align:center"| ?
|style="text-align:center"| ?
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓?
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|style="text-align:center"| Leased/purchased
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|-
|{{flag|Soviet Union}}
|style="text-align:center"| Captured/scavenged
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|style="text-align:center"| Captured/scavenged
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| X
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|style="text-align:center"| Captured/scavenged
|style="text-align:center"| X
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|style="text-align:center"| ✓
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
|+Foreign designs
|-
! rowspan=2|User||rowspan=2|Type of service||colspan=3| Version
|-
! Chinese copies
! Type 98
! Type 67
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{flag|Empire of Japan}}
|style="text-align:center"| Captured/local design produced
| ✓
| ✓
| X
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{Flagcountry|Republic of China (1912-49)|name=Republic of China}}
|style="text-align:center"| Local design produced
| ✓
| X
| X
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{PRC}}
|style="text-align:center"| Local design produced
| ✓
| X
| ✓
|-

|style="text-align:left"|{{flag|North Vietnam}}
|style="text-align:center"| Leased/purchased
| X
| X
| ✓
|}

== Cultural legacy ==
The distinctive appearance of the ''Stielhandgranate'' family has led to them being called "[[potato masher]]s" in [[British Army]] [[slang]], and they remain one of the most easily recognized [[infantry weapon]]s of the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II |year=1998 |place=New York |publisher=Orbis Publishing Ltd. |isbn=0-7607-1022-8}}.</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2019}}

== See also ==

*[[List of World War II firearms of Germany]]
* [[List of German military equipment of World War II]]
*[[Model 39 grenade]] – German "egg" type hand grenade
*[[RGD-33 grenade]] – Early WWII Soviet stick grenade
*''[[Splitterring]]'' – A fragmentation sleeve for the M24 and M43

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wiktionary|Stielhandgranate}}
{{commons category|Stielhandgranate}}
* [http://www.inert-ord.net/ger03a/gerhgr/stck/ German Mod.24 - Mod.43 ''Stielhandgranate'']
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060509165311/http://www.efour4ever.com/grenade_german.htm German Grenades World War II]}}
* [http://www.lonesentry.com/manuals/german-grenades/index.html German Hand & Rifle Grenades Bulletin No. 59, March 7, 1944] wartime intelligence briefing
* [http://ww2db.com/weapon.php?q=O153 Model 24 Stielhandgranate Grenade]—World War II Database
* [http://www.bergflak.com/m24m43.html Stielhandgranate 43]

{{WWIGermanInfWeaponsNav}}
{{WWIIGermanInfWeapons}}

[[Category:Fragmentation grenades]]
[[Category:1915 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Hand grenades of Germany]]
[[Category:World War I German infantry weapons]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of China]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Germany]]