View source for Straight University

{{Short description|Private university in New Orleans, U.S.}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Straight University
 | image_name             = Straight University.jpg
 | caption                = The school's campus, c. 1910
 | established            = 1868
 | closed                 = 1934
 | type                   = [[Private school|Private]], [[HBCU]]
 | affiliation            = American Missionary Association
 | city                   = [[New Orleans]]
 | state                  = Louisiana
 | country                = <br/>United States
 | former_names           = {{ublist|Straight Congregational University{{when?|date=June 2024}}|
Straight College (1915–1934)}}
 | sports                 = 
 | colors                 = 
 | coordinates            = {{coord|29.9630|-90.0849|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Straight University''' (known as '''Straight College''' after 1915) was an American [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black college]] that operated between 1868 and 1934 in [[New Orleans]], Louisiana. After struggling with financial difficulties, it was merged with [[New Orleans University]] to form [[Dillard University]].

==History==
Responding to the post-[[American Civil War|Civil War]] need to educate newly freed African Americans in New Orleans, Louisiana, and the surrounding region, the [[American Missionary Association]] of the Congregational Church founded Straight University on June 12, 1868.

Straight University received its name as recognition for [[Seymour Straight]]'s initial endowment gift. Straight was a wealthy cheese manufacturer from [[Hudson, Ohio]]. In 1915, the name "Straight University" was changed to Straight College, which more accurately represented the scope of the school's curriculum and program. Missionary work was a core concern, but was primarily prompted and championed by the post-war local need of providing a school where African Americans could aspire to the highest education available after Emancipation. Classes were first held in a Congregational church, but by 1871, a main university building was erected on the northeast corner of Esplanade Avenue and N. Derbigny Street.

As Union soldiers left New Orleans in 1877, the main university building was set ablaze in an act of arson. The structure was completely demolished, and the campus was relocated to the corner of Canal Street and Tonti Street. In 1930, Straight merged with New Orleans University to form Dillard University, Louisiana's oldest historically black university. which extended from New Orleans to Africa.

It was a college that admitted students regardless of their backgrounds, advertising in 1871:<blockquote>The old and young can enter at this Institution any day, no distinction made in regard to race or color. The design of the Institution, is to furnish opportunities to those wishing a rapid, thorough and practical business education [...]. Parties having ordinary ability, who have entirely neglected their education now have the opportunity to qualify themselves for almost any position in the State, in an incredible short time. From two to three months is all that requires to complete the commeral [''[[sic]]''] course. Terms duced to suit the times [''sic''].<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 31, 1871 |title=Advertisement |pages=3 |work=Semi-weekly Louisianian |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016631/1871-12-31/ed-1/seq-1 |access-date=February 10, 2023}}</ref></blockquote>Throughout its history, Straight offered courses of study ranging from [[Elementary education|elementary]]- to college-level courses in music and theology. In 1934, after struggling with financial difficulties during the [[Great Depression]], Straight College was merged with [[New Orleans University]] to form [[Dillard University]].

==Law department==
Straight University also offered professional training, including a law department from 1874 to 1886. Its graduates participated in local and national [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]] and post-Reconstruction era [[civil rights]] struggles. For example, [[Louis André Martinet]], an 1876 graduate of Straight University Law School, published ''The Crusader''—a civil rights daily; co-founded the ''[[Comité des Citoyens]]'' (Citizens' Committee) in New Orleans, which worked for civil rights; and played a significant role in setting up the challenge to segregation of ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', a landmark Supreme Court case.<ref>[http://www.notarialarchives.org/martinet.htm "Louis Andre Martinet"], Notarial Archives</ref> His classmate [[Dan Desdunes]] joined him in this effort before moving to [[North Omaha, Nebraska]], to become a band leader.

The Law department is historically notable as an integrated institution where blacks and whites were trained side by side. "It is an interesting fact of our 50 law graduates, 35 have been white."<ref name="Alexander">{{cite journal|last=Alexander|first=W. S.|url=https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Famis%2Famis0036%2F&tif=00254.TIF&cite=http%3A%2F%2Fcdl.library.cornell.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmoa%2Fmoa-cgi%3Fnotisid%3DABK5794-0036-162|title=Straight University, New Orleans|publisher=[[American Missionary Association]]|journal=The American Missionary|volume=36|issue=8|date=August 1882|pages=234–235|access-date=June 9, 2007}}</ref> The school struggled to provide its law students with a proper research library. The students typically met for classes in the law professors' offices.<ref name="Alexander"/>

In 1886, Straight discontinued the Law Department. It began to focus primarily on [[liberal arts]], [[industrial arts]], and teacher training.

==Campus==
{| class="infobox" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ style="font-size: 1.25em;" |'''Straight University presidents'''
|-
|W. S. Alexander
|1869–1876
|-
|James A. Adams
|1877–1884
|-
|R. C. Hitchcock
|1885–1889
|-
|Oscar Atwood
|1890–1902
|-
|Richard C. Hastings
|1903–1906
|-
|Stephen G. Butcher
|1907–1908
|-
|Elbert M. Stevens
|1909–1915
|-
|Howard A. M. Briggs
|1916–1921
|-
|James Putnam O'Brien
|1922–1930
|-
|Charles B. Austin
|1931–1935
|}

The campus faced [[Canal Street, New Orleans|Canal Street]], occupying the block between Tonti and Rocheblave streets backed by Gasquet (now Cleveland Avenue). After the university was merged with the newly created [[Dillard University]], the campus buildings served as a school and YWCA for nearly two decades. They were demolished in 1950.{{sfn|Laborde|Magill|2006|p=}}{{missing page number|date=June 2024}}

==Notable alumni==
Some graduates brought education and medical care to [[African Americans]] during the early part of the 20th century. [[Physician]] [[James W. Ames]], for example, founded the first hospital for blacks in [[Detroit]] in 1910. He created [[Dunbar Hospital]] for physicians and patients of color, as they were unable to practice in or be admitted to Detroit hospitals operated by whites.<ref>{{cite web|last=Baulch|first=Vivian M.|work=[[Detroit News]] Rearview Mirror|url=http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=70&category=life|title=How Detroit got its first black hospital|access-date=2007-06-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717163004/http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=70&category=life|archive-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>

[[Nellie A. Ramsey Leslie]] became a pioneer teacher in [[Indian Territory]] and later in Texas.{{sfn|Majors|1893|p=242–244}}
Other notable alumni include [[Tom Yarborough]], the first Black mayor in California; [[P.B.S. Pinchback]] (second African-American lieutenant governor of Louisiana and first African-American governor of any U.S. state); [[Ernest Lyon]] (educator and U.S. Ambassador to Liberia); [[Mary Booze]] (first African American to sit on the [[Republican National Committee]], serving from [[Mississippi]] from 1924 to 1948); [[Alice Dunbar Nelson]], forerunner of the [[Harlem Renaissance]]; and [[Theodore K. Lawless]], a dermatologist and philanthropist.

==See also==
* [[Storer College]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Majors|first=Monroe A.|title=Noted Negro Women, Their Triumphs and Activities|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015020650522;view=1up;seq=1|edition=Reprint 1971 by Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press|year=1893|publisher=Donohue and Henneberry|publication-place=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=0-8369-8733-0}}
* {{cite book |last1=Laborde |last2=Magill |first1=Peggy Scott |first2=John T. |title= Canal Street: New Orleans' Great Wide Way |date=2006 |publisher= Pelican Publishing Company, Inc. |publication-place=China|isbn=9781589803374|lccn=2006010529}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://hnoc.minisisinc.com/thnoc/catalog/3/31050 Straight University and Professor H.H. Swain Collection] at [https://www.hnoc.org/ The Historic New Orleans Collection]

{{Education in New Orleans}}
{{HBCU}}


[[Category:Straight University| ]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1868]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in New Orleans]]
[[Category:Defunct private universities and colleges in Louisiana]]
[[Category:Educational institutions disestablished in 1934]]
[[Category:Dillard University]]
[[Category:1868 establishments in Louisiana]]
[[Category:1934 disestablishments in Louisiana]]