View source for Strelna

{{Short description|Settlement in Petrodvortsovy District, Russia}}
{{About||the river in Russia|Strelna (river)|the municipality in the Czech Republic|Střelná}}

{{use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name  = Strelna
| ru_name =  Стрельна
| inhabloc_cat            = Municipal settlement
| image_skyline = Государственный комплекс «Дворец конгрессов».JPG
| image_caption  = Palace of Congresses State Complex in Strelna
| coordinates = {{Coord|59|51|13|N|30|3|35|E|type:city|display=it}}
|pushpin_map            = Russia Saint Petersburg#European Russia#Russia
|pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Strelna
| adm_district_jur         = [[Petrodvortsovy District]]|image_flag=Flag of Strelna (St Petersburg) (2010-04).png}}

'''Strelna''' ({{lang-rus|Стре́льна|p=ˈstrʲelʲnə}}) is a [[administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg|municipal settlement]] in [[Petrodvortsovy District]] of the [[federal cities of Russia|federal city]] of [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]], about halfway between Saint Petersburg proper and [[Petergof]], and overlooking the shore of the [[Gulf of Finland]]. Population: {{ru-census2010|12,452|;}} {{ru-census2002|12,751|.}}

==History==
Strelna was first mentioned in [[Cadastral surveying]] of Vodskaya [[pyatina]] in 1500, as the ''village of Strelna on Retse Strelne on the Sea'' in the churchyard Kipen Koporsky County.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} After [[Treaty of Stolbovo]] these lands were part of [[Sweden]], and in 1630 in Strelna appears as a baronial estate of Swedish politician [[Johan Skytte]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Песчаная Горка. Резиденция шведского барона стала трофеем Петра I |url=https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/nasledie/peschanaya-gorka-rezidentsiya-shvedskogo-barona-stala-trofeem-petra-i/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=spbvedomosti.ru |language=ru}}</ref>

==Palace of Peter the Great==
In 1718, a temporary wooden palace was constructed in Strelna. It had been used by the Russian royalty as a sort of hunting lodge, and has been preserved to this day. A cornerstone was laid in June 1720, but next year it became apparent that the place was ill-adapted for installation of fountains, thus Peter decided to concentrate his attention on the nearby Peterhof. Italian architect [[Nicola Michetti]] left Strelna, and all works were suspended.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Путевой дворец Петра I |url=http://www.spbin.ru/encyclopedia/suburbs/strelna_peterpalace.htm |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.spbin.ru}}</ref>

[[File:Путевой дворец Петра Первого в Стрельне.jpg|thumb|Palace of Peter the Great]]On ascending the throne in 1741, Peter's daughter [[Elizabeth of Russia|Elizabeth]] intended to complete her father's project. Her favourite architect [[Bartolomeo Rastrelli]] was asked to expand and aggrandize Michetti's design. But Rastrelli's attention was soon diverted to other palaces, in Peterhof and [[Tsarskoye Selo]], so the Strelna palace stood unfinished until the end of the century.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Konstantin Palace.jpg|left|thumb|[[Leib Guard]] reception at the Konstantin Palace. A 19th-century painting.]]

==Family home of the Konstantinovichi branch of the Romanovs {{anchor|Family home of the Konstantinovichi}}==
In 1797, Strelna was granted to [[Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia|Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich]] (second son of Paul I) and his wife [[Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna]] (aunt of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]). Despite a great fire in 1803, the Konstantin Palace was completed by 1807. After Konstantin's death, the palace passed to his [[Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia|nephew]], and the Konstantinovichi branch of the [[Romanov dynasty]] retained its ownership until the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Revolution]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==Vicissitudes in the 20th and 21st century==
[[File:Constantine Palace in Strelna.jpg|thumb|The Konstantin Palace after renovation during the 300th anniversary of Saint Petersburg]]

After 1917 the palace fell into decay: it was handed over to a child working commune, then to a secondary school. For a period during [[World War II]], the Germans occupied Strelna and had a [[naval base]] there.  Some [[Decima Flottiglia MAS]] men and attack boats were brought from Italy and based at Strelna along with German Army boats. Strelna Raid: [[Russian commando frogmen|Soviet commando frogmen]] attacked that base and destroyed 2 German army boats on 5 October 1943.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soviet-empire.com/ussr/viewtopic.php?f=149&t=53730&sid=988abb615bce883cfe7f5e68e54c72d7 |title=soviet Naval Battles-Baltic Sea during WW2 (Updated 2019) |publisher=RedFleet |access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>

After the ravages of German occupation, only the palace walls were left standing; all interior decoration was gone. No effective restoration had been undertaken until 2001 when [[Vladimir Putin]] ordered the palace to be converted into a presidential residence for Saint Petersburg.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
[[File:CIS Summit 6-7 June 2008-9.jpg|thumb|left|Recreated neoclassical interiors housed the [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS Summit]], June 2008]]

In preparation for the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the founding Saint Petersburg, the [[Russian government]] decided to restore the palace and its grounds as a state conference center and [[President of Russia#Residences|presidential residence]]. The [[general contractor]] of the reconstruction was the consortium "16th Trust and Partners".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-09-14 |title=Константиновский дворец восстановят петербуржцы |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/282802 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Setl Group construction company, headed by [[Maxim Shubarev]], also participated in the renovation works.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Клименко |first=Александра |date=2021-11-03 |title=Восстановление исторической застройки Санкт-Петербурга: роль крупного бизнеса |url=https://www.dk.ru/all/news/237192214 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=www.dk.ru |language=ru}}</ref>

The renovated Konstantin Palace hosted more than 50 [[head of state|heads of state]] during the Saint Petersburg tercentenary celebrations in 2003. Three years later, on 15–17 July 2006, it hosted the [[32nd G8 summit]]. During these summits, the world leaders were accommodated in 18 luxurious cottages by the sea-side. Each of the cottages is named after a historic Russian town. The early 19th-century stables were reconstructed into a four-star hotel for other visitors. The [[2013 G-20 Saint Petersburg summit|2013 G20 summit]] was held at the palace 5–6 September 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Константиновский дворец в Стрельне под Петербургом отметит 300-летие без торжеств - ТАСС |url=https://tass.ru/kultura/8829957 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=[[TASS]]}}</ref> The palace also held the qualifying draw for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], which took place in Russia. The palace hosted in 2021 the royal wedding between Grand Duke George Romanov and Victoria Bettarini, this been the first royal wedding to be held in the country in over a hundred years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/russia2018/news/newsid=2455314/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143754/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/russia2018/news/newsid=2455314/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2014|title=Konstantinovsky Palace to stage Preliminary Draw of the 2018 FIFA World Cup|publisher=FIFA.com|date=10 October 2014}}</ref>
{{clear}}
==Other landmarks==
[[File:Usadba znamenka march 2015.jpg|thumb|Znamenka, March 2015]]
Several other Romanov residences may be seen in the vicinity of the Konstantin Palace. The [http://enlight.ru/camera/news/jul31_0846_big.jpg Baroque Znamenka], possibly designed in 1770–1760's by [[Rastrelli]], was acquired by [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] for his spouse [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Maria Alexandrovna]] in 1835, used to be a home to the Nikolaevichi branch of the Romanovs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manor Znamenka: Palaces and ensembles - Петербург 24 |url=https://petersburg24.ru/eng/place/usadba-znamenka |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=petersburg24.ru}}</ref> 
[[File:Mikhailovka.jpg|thumb|Mikhailovka c. 1910]]The [[neoclassicism|neoclassical]] Mikhailovka estate and palace belonged from 1834 to [[Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia|Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich]] and the Mikhailovichi branch of the family. The buildings designed in 1850 by [[Andrei Stackenschneider]] and between 1858 and 1861 by [[Iosif Iosifovich Charlemagne]] and [[Harald von Bosse]], are presently mostly dilapidated and nearly in ruins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mikhailovka - Estate in Saint Petersburg, Russia. |url=https://aroundus.com/p/9400420-mikhailovka |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=aroundus.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111211115348/http://www.adresaspb.ru/arch/adresa_08/08_020/08_20.htm ESTATE / MIKHAILOVKA]

BADALYAN, Dmitri </ref><ref>Chekanova, O. A: [https://encspb.ru/object/2804004978 Mikhailovka, estate] (in Russian)
</ref> In 2006 the [[Saint Petersburg State University]] had plans to renovate the area for a campus between 2006 and 2009.<ref>[https://gsom.spbu.ru/files/upload/gsom/about/29_11_dacha_less.pdf Mikhailovskaya Dacha.] Concept for the campus of the Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University on the former palace grounds of Mikhaylovskaya Dacha. Campus for Graduate School of Management, SPbSU. St. Petersburg State University 2006. </ref> 
Other landmarks in Strelna include a seaside dacha of [[Mathilde Kschessinska]] near Konstantin Palace (demolished in late 1950's) and the ruined [[Maritime Monastery of St. Sergius]], with numerous churches by [[Luigi Rusca]]. The monastery is noted as a burial place of the [[Zubov]] brothers and other Russian nobles. The imperial foreign minister [[Alexander Gorchakov]] was interred here in 1883.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

The Konstantin Palace, the Trinity Monastery, Mikhailovka, and Znamenka are parts of the [[World Heritage Site]] [[Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments|Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/540/}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Baroque residences]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

*[http://www.encspb.ru/en/article.php?kod=2804000719 Strelna in Encyclopaedia of St. Petersburg]
*[http://www.konstantinpalace.ru/index.php?lng=eng Official website of the Konstantin Palace]
*[http://enlight.ru/camera/279/index_e.html Views of Strelna I]
*[http://enlight.ru/camera/280/index_e.html Views of Strelna II]
*[http://enlight.ru/camera/281/index_e.html Views of Strelna III]
*[http://enlight.ru/camera/282/index_e.html Views of Strelna IV]
*[http://enlight.ru/camera/283/index_e.html Inside the palace I]
*[http://enlight.ru/camera/284/index_e.html Inside the palace II]

{{Municipal settlements under jurisdiction of Saint Petersburg}}
{{Administrative_divisions_of_Saint_Petersburg}}
{{Imperial palaces in Russia}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Strelna| ]]
[[Category:Palaces in Saint Petersburg]]
[[Category:Royal residences in Russia]]
[[Category:Official residences in Russia]]
[[Category:Presidential residences]]
[[Category:Baroque architecture in Russia]]
[[Category:Russian Baroque gardens]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Russia]]
[[Category:Andrey Voronikhin buildings]]
[[Category:Tsarskoselsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Petrodvortsovy District]]