View source for Studen Kladenets

{{more citations|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox lake
| name = Studen Kladenets
| image = Stenata na yazovir Studen kladenec.JPG
| caption = Studen Kladenets Dam
| image_bathymetry = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
|pushpin_map=Bulgaria
| location = 
| coords = {{coord|41|38|28|N|25|32|48|E|region:BG_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| lake_type = [[reservoir]]
| inflow = [[Arda (Maritsa)|Arda]], [[Varbitsa River]]
| outflow = [[Arda (Maritsa)|Arda]]
| catchment = {{convert|3707|km2|abbr=on}}
| basin_countries = Bulgaria
| length = {{convert|29|km|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1.5|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{convert|27.8|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth = 
| max-depth = {{convert|60|m|abbr=on}} (from dam height)
| volume = {{convert|388000000|m3|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nek.bg/index.php/en/our-business/electricity-generation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030120823/https://www.nek.bg/index.php/en/our-business/electricity-generation |title=HPP and PSHPP Electricity Generation |website=NEK |archive-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref>
| residence_time = 
| shore = 
| elevation = {{convert|227|m|abbr=on}}
| islands = 
| cities = 
}}
The '''Studen Kladenets Reservoir''' ({{langx|bg|язовир „Студен кладенец“}}, meaning "cold well") is the third largest [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]] by volume in [[Bulgaria]] after [[Iskar Dam]] and [[Kardzhali Dam]]. It is situated on the river [[Arda (Maritsa)|Arda]], and is created behind the Studen Kladenets dam, 30&nbsp;km south-east of the town of Kardzhali. There are another two dams of the Arda - [[Kardzhali Dam]] to the west (upstream) and [[Ivaylovgrad Dam]] to the east (downstream). The dam is operated by the Bulgarian National Electric Company, [[NEK EAD]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nek.bg/index.php/en/our-business/enterprises/dams-cascades-enterprise |website=NEK |title=Dams & Cascades Enterprise}}</ref>

The reservoir has a total volume of 388 million m<sup>3</sup> and a [[drainage basin]] of 3,706&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and is 29&nbsp;km long. It is situated at an average 227 m above sea level, its dam being 338 m long and 67.5 m high. The top of the dam consists of nine spillways, each one being 10.5 by 5 m.
"Studen Kladenets" Hydroelectric Power Plant is situated appr. 1&nbsp;km downstream of the dam. Initially the HPP had four [[Francis turbine|Francis-type turbines]], 15 MW each. А project for reconstruction and upgrading the HPP with another 16 MW turbine and a smaller eco-turbine underwent and after the completion, the total output reached 85 MW with annual production of 165 GWh of electricity.

Studen Kladenets reservoir is an attractive place for [[fishing|fishermen]], where [[rudd]] is caught in great numbers. In its western part are located the ruins of the medieval Bulgarian fortresses of [[Monyak]] on the northern shore and [[Vishegrad Fortress|Vishegrad]] on the southern shore. 

The development of the reservoir has caused the local ecology to become artificially wetter and more humid, reducing the variety of types of land cover.<ref name=Space/>

==History==
The initial plans for the construction of a dam on the Arda date to as early as 1948. Construction began in 1955{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} and was completed in 1957.<ref name=Space>{{cite web |url=http://journal.space.bas.bg/arhiv/n%2016/Articles/12_Jelev.pdf |title=Monitoring the Studen Kladenets Reservoir Using Air and Space Images |first1=Georgi |last1=Jelev |first2=Eugenia |last2=Rumenina |publisher=Space Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences}}</ref>  The HPP started electricity production in 1958.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commonscat-inline|Studen Kladenets Dam}}
*http://www.nek.bg/cgi-bin/index.cgi?d=2046{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Arda (Maritsa) dams}}

[[Category:Landforms of Kardzhali Province]]
[[Category:Rhodope Mountains]]
[[Category:Kardzhali]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Maritsa basin|RStuden Kladenets]]

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