View source for Student

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{{short description|Learner, or someone who attends an educational institution}}
{{About|learners}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2021}}
[[File:High school students, SAS Pudong.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Students of different nationalities at an international school in [[Shanghai]], China, 2017. The school does not have a [[school uniform]].]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}

A '''student''' is a person enrolled in a [[school]] or other [[educational institution]], or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Student {{!}} Definition of Student by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Student|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/student|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927210303/https://www.lexico.com/definition/student|archive-date=27 September 2020|access-date=2020-08-11|website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English|language=en}}</ref>

In the [[United Kingdom]] and most [[The Commonwealth|commonwealth countries]], a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., [[college]] or [[university]]); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".<ref>{{cite web |title=STUDENT {{!}} definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/student |website=Cambridge Dictionary |publisher=Cambridge University Press |access-date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705180538/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/student |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Africa==

===Nigeria===
In [[Nigeria]], [[Education in Nigeria|education]] is classified into four systems known as a 6-3-3-4 system of education. It implies six years in primary school, three years in junior secondary, three years in senior secondary and four years in the university. However, the number of years to be spent in university is mostly determined by the course of study. Some courses have longer study lengths than others. Those in primary school are often referred to as pupils. Those in [[university]], as well as those in secondary school, are referred to as students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wenr.wes.org/2017/03/education-in-nigeria|title=Education in Nigeria|date=2017-03-07|website=WENR|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-25|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113204655/https://wenr.wes.org/2017/03/education-in-nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Nigerian system of education also has other recognized categories like the polytechnics and [[College|colleges]] of education. Colleges are more for teaching students how to become teachers, while polytechnics teach students about [[Engineering education|engineering]], [[Industrialisation|industrialization]] and [[economics]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evgeniou |first=Andrew |date=2022-08-10 |title=History of Education in Nigeria |url=https://www.unicaf.org/history-of-education-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Unicaf - Scholarship Programme |language=en-US}}</ref>

===South Africa===
[[File:Sinenjongo graduation matric 2013-10-12 0340.jpg|thumb|300px|A group of high school girls of South Africa getting photographed]]

In [[South Africa]], [[Education in South Africa|education]] is divided into four grade groups: the Foundation Phase (grades 0–3), the Intermediate Phase (grades 4–6), the Senior Phase (grades 7–9), and the [[Further education|Further Education]] and Training or FET Phase (grades 10–12).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education System in South Africa, Primary, Secondary, Higher Tech |url=https://www.southafricaeducation.info/education-system |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=www.southafricaeducation.info}}</ref>

==Asia==
[[File:Karenko girls high.jpg|thumb|280px|Taiwanese schoolgirls during [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]], 1927]]

===Singapore===
Six years of primary school education in [[Singapore]] are compulsory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/primary|title=Primary|website=Base|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=8 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408051619/https://www.moe.gov.sg/primary|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Primary School (Primary 1 to 6)
Primary 1 to 3 (aged 7–9 respectively, Lower primary) Primary 4 to 6 (aged 10–12 respectively, Upper primary)
* Secondary School (Secondary 1 to 4 or 5)
Sec 1s are 13, and Sec 4s are 16. Express Students take secondary school from Sec 1 to 4, and Normal Acad and Technical will take secondary school from Sec 1 to 5.
* Junior College (Junior College 1 to 2 – Optional) OR Polytechnic (3 years – Optional)

There are also schools which have the [[Integrated Programme|integrated program]], such as [[River Valley High School (Singapore)]], which means they stay in the same school from Secondary 1 to Junior College 2, without having to take the "O" level examinations which most students take at the end of secondary school.

International schools are subject to overseas curriculums, such as the British, American, Canadian or Australian Boards.

===Bangladesh===
[[File:Muslim Schoolboys - Chittagong - Bangladesh (13058130525).jpg|thumb|120px|Students in [[Chittagong]]]]
Primary education is compulsory in [[Bangladesh]] for children aged six to ten years through a short five year primary cycle defined as basic education, (grades 1- 5).<ref>{{Cite web| title=Sony Trinitron color TV KV-2786R | url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED508812.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419061819/http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED508812.pdf | archive-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> Sending children to work instead of school is a [[crime]], however. Because of the [[socio-economic]] state of Bangladesh, [[child labour]] is sometimes legal, but the Primary Education Act of 1990 says that the student guardians must ensure that the child does not participate in occupations that would prevent them from getting a primary education.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoque |first=Md Mahmudul |date=2024-12-01 |title=A Critical Review of Bangladesh's Child Labor Regulations and Policies |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772655X24000557 |journal=World Development Sustainability |volume=5 |article-number=100177 |doi=10.1016/j.wds.2024.100177 |issn=2772-655X|doi-access=free }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Education system of Bangladesh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh Education System |url=https://www.scholaro.com/db/countries/bangladesh/Education-System |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.scholaro.com}}</ref>
! Educational Level !! Grade !! Age 
!School Years
|-
| Primary || 1 to 5 || 6 to 10 
|5
|-
|Junior Secondary
|6 to 8
|11 to 13
|3
|-
| Secondary || 9 to 10 || 14 to 15 
|2
|-
| Higher Secondary || 11 to 12 || 16 to 17 
|2
|}

===Brunei===
Education is free in [[Brunei]], with mainly two types of educational institutions: public, and private institutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best schools in Brunei |url=https://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/international/brunei/brunei |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=The Good Schools Guide |language=en}}</ref> In 2009, Brunei introduced the GenNEXT education program. The education system has been undergone by the prospective students leading to higher qualifications, such as [[bachelor's degree]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Universiti Brunei Darussalam {{!}} University Info {{!}} 50 Bachelors in English - Bachelorsportal.com |url=https://www.bachelorsportal.com/universities/14810/the-universiti-brunei-darussalam.html |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.bachelorsportal.com}}</ref>

This is the list of the education sectors in Brunei:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brunei |url=https://www.aacrao.org/edge/country/brunei |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.aacrao.org}}</ref>

* Primary School (Year 1 to 6)
* Secondary School (Year 7 to 11)
* High School [or also known as the Sixth Form Centers] (Year 12 to 13)
* Colleges (Pre-University to Diploma)
* University Level (Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Professional)

===Cambodia===
Education in [[Cambodia]] is free for all students who study in Primary School, Secondary School or High School.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2021 |title=Primary and secondary education |url=https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/primary-and-secondary-education/ |access-date=May 31, 2025 |website=OpenDevelopment Cambodia}}</ref>
* Primary School (Grade 1 to 6)
* Secondary School (Grade 7 to 9)
* High School (Grade 10 to 12)
* College (Year 1 to 3)
* University (Year 1 to 4 or 5)
After basic education, students can opt to take a bachelor's (undergraduate) degree at a higher education institution (i.e. a college or university), which normally lasts for four years, though the length of some courses may be longer or shorter depending on the institution.

===India===
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center|direction=horizontal
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In [[India]] school is categorized in these stages: Pre-primary (Nursery, Lower Kindergarten or LKG, Upper Kindergarten or UKG), Primary (Class 1–5), Middle Stage (5–7), Secondary (8–10) and Senior Secondary (11–12). For undergraduate it takes 3 years and sometimes 4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-28 |title=Levels or Stages of Education in India today |url=https://revivingindianeducation.wordpress.com/about/levels-or-stages-of-education-in-india-today/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Reviving Indian Education |language=en}}</ref>

===Nepal===
In [[Nepal]], 12-year school is categorised in four stages: Primary school (Grade 1 to Grade 5), Upper Primary school (Grade 6 to Grade 8), Secondary school (Grade 9 to 10), and Upper Primary school (Grade 11 to Grade 12). For college it averages three to four years for a bachelor's degree and one to two years for a master's degree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal Education System |url=https://www.scholaro.com/db/countries/Nepal/Education-System |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=www.scholaro.com}}</ref>

===Pakistan===
In [[Pakistan]], 12-year school is categorized in three stages: Primary school, Secondary school and Upper Secondary school.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Primary and Secondary Education in Pakistan |url=https://www.evaluationworld.com/school-education-systems/pakistan.html |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=www.evaluationworld.com}}</ref> It takes five years for a student to graduate from Primary school, five years for Secondary school, and five years for Higher Secondary school (also called College). Most bachelor's degrees span over four years, followed by a two years master's degree.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

===Philippines===
The [[Philippines]] is currently in the midst of a transition to a K-12 (also called K+12) basic education system.<ref name="GovPH">[https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2012/201209-K-to-12-Toolkit.pdf K to 12 Toolkit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028165757/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2012/201209-K-to-12-Toolkit.pdf |date=28 October 2020 }} (PDF) Accessed 21 October 2016</ref><ref name="DepEdPH">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150521021004/http://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/curriculum-guides K to 12 Curriculum Guides] Accessed 21 October 2016</ref><ref name="SenatePH">[https://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010533.pdf Republic Act 10533] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412230501/https://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010533.pdf |date=12 April 2016 }} (PDF) Accessed 21 October 2016</ref> Education ideally begins with one year of kinder. Once the transition is complete, elementary or grade school comprises grades 1 to 6. Although the term ''student'' may refer to learners of any age or level, the term 'pupil' is used by the Department of Education to refer to learners in the elementary level, particularly in public schools. Secondary level or high school comprises two major divisions: grades 7 to 10 will be collectively referred to as 'junior high school', whereas grades 11 to 12 will be collectively referred to as 'senior high school'. The Department of Education refers to learners in grade 7 and above as ''students''.

After which, students have the option to get Higher Education. This includes a bachelor's degree and master's degree, which take six years to complete. Students can also get PhDs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Granada |first=Abby |date=2021-04-14 |title=Education system in the Philippines: A complete guide |url=https://kabayanremit.com/blog/lifestyle/education-system-philippines/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Kabayan Remit |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Iran===

In [[Iran]] 12-year school is categorized in two stages: Elementary school and High school. It takes six years for a student to graduate from elementary school and six years for high school. High school study is divided into two part: junior and senior high school. In senior high school, students can choose between the following six fields: Mathematics and physics, Science, Humanities, Islamic science, Vocational, or Work and Knowledge. After graduating from high school, students acquire a diploma. Having a diploma, a student can participate in the [[Iranian University Entrance Exam]] or Konkoor in different fields of Mathematics, Science, Humanities, languages, and art. The university entrance exam is conducted every year by National Organization of Education Assessment,<ref>[http://www.sanjesh.org/ Sanjesh.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007065410/http://www.sanjesh.org/ |date=7 October 2019 }} In Arabic</ref> an organization under the supervision of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology which is in charge of universities in Iran.<ref>{{cite web|title=وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - صفحات - صفحه اصلی|trans-title=Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Pages Home|url=http://www.msrt.ir/|access-date=9 December 2012|archive-date=3 December 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031203182447/http://www.msrt.ir/}}</ref> Members of the [[Baháʼí Faith]], a much-persecuted minority, are officially forbidden to attend university,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pelham |first1=Lipika |title=Studying at the Bahai secret university |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38656871 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=BBC News |date=18 January 2017 |archive-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201231454/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38656871 |url-status=live }}</ref> in order to prevent members of the faith becoming doctors, lawyers or other professionals; however, Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian people are allowed entry to universities.

==Oceania==

===Australia===
[[File:StateLibQld 1 78509 Students of Stony Creek State School Woodford, Queensland, 1939.jpg|thumb|Students of Stony Creek State School, [[Queensland]], 1939]]

In [[Australia]], Pre-school is optional for three and four year olds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Difference between child care and kindergarten/preschool |url=https://g8education.edu.au/difference-child-care-and-kindergarten |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=G8 Education |language=en-AU}}</ref> At age five, children begin compulsory education at Primary School, known as Kindergarten in [[New South Wales]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayhew |first=Michele |date=2024-07-05 |title=When Should I Send My Child To School? |url=https://affinityeducation.com.au/blog/when-should-i-send-my-child-to-school/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Affinity Education |language=en-AU}}</ref> Preparatory School (prep) in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-31 |title=Enrolling in school |url=https://www.vic.gov.au/how-choose-school-and-enrol |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.vic.gov.au |language=en-au}}</ref> and Reception in [[South Australia]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Starting school |url=https://www.education.sa.gov.au/parents-and-families/enrol-school-or-preschool/school-enrolment/starting-school |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.education.sa.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> students then continue to year one through six (ages 6 to 12).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Standard application - primary school - Study Victoria |url=https://www.study.vic.gov.au/en/international-student-program/schools-and-programs/standard-application-primary-school |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.study.vic.gov.au}}</ref> Before 2022, primary school education was to Year 7 in South Australia, and prior to 2015 was to Year 7 in [[Queensland]] and [[Western Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commission |first=corporateName:Productivity |date=2025-02-11 |title=4 School education - Report on Government Services 2025 |url=https://www.pc.gov.au/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2025/child-care-education-and-training/school-education |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.pc.gov.au |language=en}}</ref>

Students attend High School in year seven through twelve (ages 13 – 18).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria's Education System - Study Victoria |url=https://www.study.vic.gov.au/en/international-student-program/schools-and-programs/victorias-education-system |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.study.vic.gov.au}}</ref> After year twelve, students may attend tertiary education at [[university]] or vocational training at [[technical and further education|Technical and Further Education]] (TAFE).<ref>{{Cite web |title=TAFE for Schools: Career and Study Pathways {{!}} TAFE NSW |url=https://www.tafensw.edu.au/partnerships/schools |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.tafensw.edu.au}}</ref>

===New Zealand===
In [[New Zealand]], after kindergarten or pre-school, which is attended from ages three to five, children begin primary school, 'Year One', at five years of age. Years One to Eight are Primary School, where children commonly attend local schools in the area for that specific year group. In the majority of cases, Year Seven and Eight take place in an 'intermediate' school. From Year Nine until Year Thirteen, students attend a secondary school or a college.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How the New Zealand education system works - NZQA |url=https://www2.nzqa.govt.nz/international/study-nz-quals/nz-education-system/ |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=www2.nzqa.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref>

==Europe==
===Finland===
[[File:Mathematics lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology.jpg|thumb|Students in a [[lecture]] on [[linear algebra]] at the [[Helsinki University of Technology]]]]
In [[Finland]] a student is called "opiskelija" (plural being 'opiskelijat'), though children in compulsory education are called "oppilas" (plural being 'oppilaat'). First level of education is "esikoulu" (literally 'preschool'), which used to be optional, but has been compulsory since the beginning of year 2015. Children attend esikoulu the year they turn six, and next year they start attending "peruskoulu" (literally "basic school", corresponds to American elementary school, middle school and junior high), which is compulsory. Peruskoulu is divided to "alakoulu" (years 1 through 6) and "yläkoulu" (years 7 through 9). After compulsory education most children attend second-level education (toisen asteen koulutus), either lukio (corresponds to high school) or ammattioppilaitos (Vocational School), at which point they are called students (opiskelija). Some attend "kymppiluokka", which is a retake on some yläkoulu's education.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

To attend ammattikorkeakoulu (University of applied sciences) or a university a student must have a second-level education. The recommended graduation time is five years. First year students are called "fuksi" and students that have studied more than five years are called "N:nnen vuoden opiskelija" (Nth year student).

===France===
The generic term "''étudiant''" (lit. student) applies only to someone attending a university or a school of a similar level, that is to say pupils in a cursus reserved to people already owning a [[Baccalauréat]].{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} The general term for a person going to primary or secondary school is ''élève''. In some French higher education establishments, a ''bleu'' or "bizuth" is a first-year student. Second-year students are sometimes called "carrés" (squares). Some other terms may apply in specific schools, some depending on the [[classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles]] attended.

===Germany===
[[File:Europa-Institut graduation.jpg|thumb|The new graduates of the [[Europa-Institut]] in Germany gather to throw their mortar boards in the air as part of a graduation ceremony.]]

In [[Germany]], the German cognate term ''Student'' (male) or "Studentin" (female) is reserved for those attending a university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Common Beginner Mistakes in German - Frequent errors by beginning learners of German |url=https://www.vistawide.com/german/common_german_beginner_mistakes.htm |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=www.vistawide.com}}</ref> University students in their first year are called ''Erstsemester'' or colloquially ''Ersties'' ("firsties"). Different terms for school students exist, depending on which kind of school is attended by the student. The general term for a person going to school is ''Schüler'' or ''Schülerin''. They begin their first four (in some federal estates six) years in primary school or ''Grundschule''. They then graduate to a secondary school called ''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]'', which is a university preparatory school. Students attending this school are called ''Gymnasiasten'', while those attending other schools are called ''Hauptschüler'' or ''Realschüler''. Students who graduate with the [[Abitur]] are called ''Abiturienten''.

=== Greece ===
In [[Greece]], students are split into groups, Early childhood education (ages 0-6), Primary education (ages 6-12), Secondary education (ages 12-18), and Higher education (ages 18+). There are also Lifelong Learning centers for both formal and informal education.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zisimopoulos |first=Charis |title=Fulbright Greece - The Greek Educational System |url=https://www.fulbright.gr/en/study-in-greece/the-greek-educational-system |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=www.fulbright.gr |language=en-gb}}</ref>

===Ireland===
In [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], pupils officially start with primary school which consists of eight years: junior infants, senior infants, first class to sixth class (ages 5–11). After primary school, pupils proceed to the secondary school level. Here they first enter the junior cycle, which consists of first year to third year (ages 11–14). At the end of third year, all students must sit a compulsory state examination called the [[Junior Certificate]]. After third year, pupils have the option of taking a "transition year" or fourth year (usually at age 15–16). In transition year pupils take a break from regular studies to pursue other activities that help to promote their personal, social, vocational and educational development, and to prepares them for their role as autonomous, participative and responsible members of society. It also provides a bridge to enable pupils to make the transition from the more dependent type of learning associated with the Junior Cert. to the more independent learning environment associated with the senior cycle.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

After the junior cycle pupils advance to the senior cycle, which consists of fifth year and sixth year (usually ages between 16 and 18). At the end of the sixth year a final state examination is required to be sat by all pupils, known as the [[Irish Leaving Certificate|Leaving Certificate]]. The Leaving Cert. is the basis for all Irish pupils who wish to do so to advance to higher education via a points system. A maximum of 625 points can be achieved. All higher education courses have a minimum of points needed for admission.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

At [[Trinity College Dublin]] under-graduate students are formally called "junior freshmen", "senior freshmen", "junior sophister" or "senior sophister", according to the year they have reached in the typical four year degree course. ''Sophister'' is another term for a [[Sophomore year|sophomore]], though the term is rarely used in other institutions and is largely limited to Trinity College Dublin.

At university, the term "fresher" is used to describe new students who are just beginning their first year. The term, "first year" is the more commonly used and connotation-free term for students in their first year. The week at the start of a new year is called "[[Orientation week|Freshers' Week]]" or "Welcome Week", with a programme of special events to welcome new students. An undergraduate in the last year of study before graduation is generally known as a "finalist".

===Italy===
[[File:Universität Bologna Deutsche Nation.jpg|thumb|Admission of a student in "Germanic Nation", [[University of Bologna]], 15th century]]
In Italian, a ''matricola'' is a first-year student.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matricola |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/italian-english/matricola |access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=Cambridge}}</ref> Some other terms may apply in specific schools, some depending on the [[liceo classico]] or [[liceo scientifico]] attended.

According to the [[Goliardia|goliardic]] initiation traditions the grades granted (following approximately the year of enrollment at university) are: ''matricola'' (freshman), ''fagiolo'' (sophomore), ''colonna'' (junior), and ''anziano'' (senior), but most of the distinctions are rarely used outside Goliardia.

===Sweden===
In [[Sweden]], only those studying at university level are called students (''student'', plural ''studenter''). To graduate from upper secondary school (''gymnasium'') is called ''ta studenten'' (literally "to take the student"), but after the graduation festivities, the graduate is no longer a student unless he or she enrolls at university-level education. At lower levels, the word ''elev'' (plural ''elever'') is used. As a general term for all stages of education, the word ''studerande'' (plural also ''studerande'') is used, meaning 'studying [person]'.

===United Kingdom===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020|reason=There is a lot of unreferenced and in many cases irrelevant information in this section}}
Traditionally, the term "student" is reserved for people studying at university level in the [[United Kingdom]].

At universities in the UK, the term "fresher" is used informally to describe new students who are just beginning their first year. Although it is not unusual to call someone a fresher after their first few weeks at university, they are typically referred to as "first years" or "first year students".

The ancient Scottish [[University of St Andrews]] uses the terms "bejant" for a first year (from the French "''bec-jaune''"&nbsp;– "yellow beak", "fledgling"). Second years are called "semi-bejants", third years are known as "tertians", and fourth years, or others in their final year of study, are called "magistrands".

In [[England and Wales]], primary school begins with an optional "nursery" year (either in a [[primary school]] or a privately run nursery,) followed by reception and then move on to "year one, year two" and so on until "year six" (all in primary school.) In state schools, children join secondary school when they are 11–12 years old in what used to be called "first form" and is now known as "year 7". They go up to year 11 (formerly "fifth form") and then join the sixth form, either at the same school or at a separate [[sixth form college]]. A pupil entering a private, fee-paying school (usually at age 13) would join the "third form" – equivalent to year 9. Many schools have an alternate name for first years, some with a derogatory basis, but in others acting merely as a description – for example "shells" (non-derogatory) or "grubs" (derogatory).

In [[Northern Ireland]] and Scotland, it is very similar but with some differences. Pupils start off in nursery or reception aged 3 to 4, and then start primary school in "P1" (P standing for primary) or year 1. They then continue primary school until "P7" or year 7. After that they start secondary school at 11 years old, this is called "1st year" or year 8 in Northern Ireland, or "S1" in Scotland. They continue secondary school until the age of 16 at "5th year", year 12 or "S5", and then it is the choice of the individual pupil to decide to continue in school and (in Northern Ireland) do AS levels (known as "lower sixth") and then the next year to do A levels (known as "upper sixth"). In Scotland, students aged 16–18 take Highers, followed by Advanced Highers. Alternatively, pupils can leave and go into full-time employment or to start in a technical college.

Large increases in the size of student populations in the UK and the effect this has had on some university towns or on areas of cities located near universities have become a concern in the UK since 2000. A report by Universities UK, ''Studentification: A Guide to Opportunities, Challenges and Practice'' (2006) has explored the subject and made various recommendations.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Studentification': a guide to opportunities, challenges and practice |url=http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/Publications/Documents/studentification_guide.pdf|date=11 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711045126/http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/Publications/Documents/studentification_guide.pdf|archive-date=11 July 2009}}</ref> A particular problem in many locations is seen as the impact of students on the availability, quality and price of rented and owner-occupied property.

==Americas==

===Canada===
{{Further|Education in Canada}}
[[File:Work in the computer lab.JPG|thumb|Students of the ''Cégep de St-Hyacinthe'' in Quebec working in a computer lab]]
Education in [[Canada]] (a federal state) is primarily within the constitutional jurisdiction of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|provinces]]. The overall school curricula are overseen by the provincial and territorial governments, therefore the way educational stages are grouped and named can differ. Education is generally divided into primary, secondary and post-secondary stages. Primary and secondary education are generally divided into annual grades from 1 to 12, although grade 1 may be preceded by one or two years of [[kindergarten]] (which may be optional). Specifically, Ontario, Quebec and the Northwest Territories offer [[pre-kindergarten|junior]] then senior kindergarten (in French, either ''{{Lang|fr|pre-maternelle}}'' then {{Lang|fr|maternelle}}, or ''{{Lang|fr|maternelle}}'' then {{Lang|fr|jardin d'enfants}}).

[[Education in Ontario]] from 1988 involved an [[Ontario Academic Credit]] (OAC) after grade 12 primarily as university preparation, but that was phased out in 2003. The OAC was informally known as "grade 13" (which it had replaced). All provinces and territories except Quebec now have 12 grades.

[[Education in Quebec]] differs from the other jurisdictions in that it has an {{Lang|fr|école primaire}} ("primary school") consisting of grades 1–6 and an {{Lang|fr|école secondaire}} ("secondary school") consisting of {{Lang|fr|secondaries}} I–V, equivalent to grades 7–11. A student graduating from {{Lang|fr|école secondaire}} then either completes a three-year [[College education in Quebec|college]] program or a two-year pre-university program required before attending university. In some English-language {{Lang|fr|écoles secondaire}} and most French-language {{Lang|fr|écoles secondaire}}, students refer to {{Lang|fr|secondaries}} I–V as years one through five. This can be confusing for those outside of Quebec, especially out of context.

In some provinces, grades 1 through 5 are called "elementary school", grades 6 to 8 are called "middle school" or "junior high school", and grades 9 to 12 are considered high school. Other provinces, such as British Columbia, mainly divide schooling into elementary school (Kindergarten to grade 7) and secondary school (grades 8 through 12). In Alberta and Nova Scotia, elementary consists of kindergarten through grade 6. Junior high consists of Grades 7–9. High school consists of Grades 10–12. In English provinces, the high school (known as ''academy'' or ''secondary school'') years can be referred to simply as ''first, second, third and fourth year''. Some areas call it by grade such as grade 10, grade 11 and grade 12.

In Canadian English, the term "college" usually refers to a [[Vocational college|technical]], [[Trade school|trades]], applied arts, applied technology, or applied science school or [[Community college#Canada|community college]]. These are [[Tertiary education|post-secondary]] institutions typically granting two-year [[Academic certificate|certificates]], diplomas or [[associate degree]]s and (in some cases) three-year [[bachelor's degree]]s. The French acronym specific to public institutions within [[Quebec]]'s system of pre-university and technical education is [[CEGEP]] (''Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel'', "college of general and professional education"). CEGEP is a [[College education in Quebec|collegiate level]] institution in Quebec that most students typically enrol in, whether to learn a trade or applied discipline or to qualify for entrance to university in the [[Education in Quebec|Quebec education system]]. (In [[Ontario]] and [[Alberta]], there are also institutions that only grant undergraduate degrees which are designated [[university college]]s to differentiate them from universities, which have both undergraduate and graduate programs.)

In Canada, there is a strong distinction between "college" and "university". In conversation, one specifically would say either "they are going to university" (i.e., studying for a three- or four-year degree at a university) or "they are going to college" (i.e., studying at a technical/career training).{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

A Canadian post-secondary [[college]] is generally geared for individuals seeking applied careers, while universities are geared for individuals seeking more academic careers.

University students are generally classified as first, second, third or fourth-year students, and the American system of classifying them as "freshmen", "sophomores", "juniors" and "seniors" is seldom used or even understood in Canada. In some occasions, they can be called "senior ones", "twos", "threes" and "fours".

===United States===
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Bookstore at Tulane University, Uptown New Orleans, August 2009.jpg
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| image2            = NOLA Experience - Tulane University Students and Teacher with Cannon, New Orleans, 2009.jpg
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| image3            = Move In-Day 2011, Tulane University, Uptown New Orleans.jpg
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| footer            = Students of [[Tulane University]] in the U.S. (from top to bottom): at its bookstore, in a class photo (with their teacher sitting on extreme right), and entering class
}}
In the [[Education in the United States|United States]], the first official year of schooling is called [[kindergarten]], which is why the students are called kindergarteners. Kindergarten is optional in most states, but few students skip this level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Sarah |date=2 December 2022 |title=Where Is Kindergarten Mandatory? |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/k12/articles/where-is-kindergarten-mandatory }}</ref> [[Preschool]] is for kids ages 2 to 5 [[Pre-kindergarten|pre-K]] is specifically designed for ages 4 to 5 in the year before kindergarten. Pre-K programs are more about kindergarten readiness.<ref>{{Cite web |last=School |first=Tessa |date=2024-05-02 |title=Preschool vs. Pre-kindergarten: Similarities and Differences |url=https://tessais.org/preschool-vs-prekindergarten-similarities-and-differences/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=Tessa International School |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the United States, it varies from state, though there are 9 to 13 years of mandatory schooling.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Educational access in Bangladesh | url=https://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/01/18/68/11868.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115060500/http://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/01/18/68/11868.pdf | archive-date=2016-01-15}}</ref> The first six are called elementary school, and go from kindergarten to 5th grade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statista.com |title=Elementary schools in the United States |url=https://www.statista.com/topics/1733/elementary-schools-in-the-us/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> Middle school is 6th, 7th and 8th grade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thrush |first=E. |date=12 June 2024 |title=At what grade level do elementary schools typically transition to being called "middle" schools? |url=https://www.quora.com/At-what-grade-level-do-elementary-schools-typically-transition-to-being-called-middle-schools }}</ref> [[High school (North America)|High school]] is 9th to 12th grade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=School Age and Grade Levels |url=https://eduww.net/parent-resources/school-age-grade-levels/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=Education World Wide |language=en-US}}</ref> They have alternate names for students, namely freshman, sophomore, junior and senior.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-02 |title=New For the Glossary: Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/new-for-the-glossary-freshman-sophomore-junior-senior/4008505.html |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> The actual divisions of which grade levels belong to which division (whether elementary, middle, junior high, or high school) is a matter decided by state or local jurisdictions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Role in Education {{!}} U.S. Department of Education |url=https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-overview/federal-role-in-education |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=www.ed.gov |language=en}}</ref>

College students are often called freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Student |first=Mike |title=What are the names of school/college grades in the US (eg. Sophomore, freshman…) and what do they mean? |url=https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-names-of-school-college-grades-in-the-US-eg-Sophomore-freshman-and-what-do-they-mean }}</ref> They are called [[Super senior|super seniors]] if they are doing more than the traditional four years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Vicki |date=2014-05-12 |title=Do You Have a Super Senior? Making the Most of the Fifth Year of College |url=https://www.collegeparentcentral.com/2014/05/do-you-have-a-super-senior-making-the-most-of-the-fifth-year-of-college/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=College Parent Central |language=en-US}}</ref>

====First year====
The first year of college or high school is referred to as Freshman year. A [[freshman]] is a first-year student in [[college]], [[university]] or [[High school (North America)|high school]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=In American schools, what are the "titles" (freshmen, junior, etc.) used in order, and what grade are they related to? |url=https://www.quora.com/In-American-schools-what-are-the-titles-freshmen-junior-etc-used-in-order-and-what-grade-are-they-related-to |access-date=May 23, 2025}}</ref>

====Second year==== 
In the U.S., a [[wiktionary:sophomore|sophomore]], also called a "soph", is a second-year student. Outside the United States, the term ''sophomore'' is rarely used, with second-year students simply called "second years". [[Folk etymology]] indicates that the word means "[[wise fool]]"; consequently "sophomoric" means "pretentious, bombastic, inflated in style or manner; immature, crude, superficial" (according to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''). It is widely assumed to be formed from Greek ''Sophos'', meaning "wise", and ''Moros'' meaning "foolish", although the etymology suggests an origin from the now-defunct "sophomore", an obsolete variant of "[[sophism]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=sophomore&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=2012-12-08 |archive-date=28 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928140230/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=sophomore&searchmode=none |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Post-second year====
[[File:Teamsolvingpuzzle.jpg|thumb|200px|Students from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]]]
In the U.S., a Junior is a student in the penultimate (usually third) year and a Senior is a student in the last (usually fourth) year of [[college]], [[university]], or [[High school (North America)|high school]]. A student who takes more than the average number of years to graduate is sometimes referred to as a "[[super senior]]".<ref>[http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/dictionary/super_senior/ Definition of a super senior] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030220824/http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/dictionary/super_senior/ |date=30 October 2006 }} retrieved 5 October 2006.</ref> This term is often used in college but can be used in high school as well. It can mean that a student is taking their senior year for a second time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Super Senior? It's bad for HS4CC. Let's talk |url=https://homeschoolingforcollegecredit.org/2024/02/12/super-senior-its-bad-for-hs4cc-lets-talk/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Homeschooling for College Credit |language=en-US}}</ref> The term ''underclassman'' refers collectively to Freshmen and Sophomores, and ''upperclassman'' refers collectively to Juniors and Seniors. The term Middler is used to describe a third-year student of a school (generally [[college]]) that offers five years of study.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What do the terms freshman, senior, sophomore, junior, underclassmen, and upperclassmen mean? |url=https://www.quora.com/What-do-the-terms-freshman-senior-sophomore-junior-underclassmen-and-upperclassmen-mean |website=May 23, 2025}}</ref>

====Graduate students====
A graduate student is a student who continues their education after graduation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-10 |title=What is a Graduate Student? |url=https://educationusa.state.gov/your-5-steps-us-study/research-your-options/graduate/what-graduate-student |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=EducationUSA |language=en}}</ref> Some of these are [[Master's degree|master's degrees]], [[Doctoral degree|doctoral degrees]], [[Professional degree|professional degrees]], and [[Graduate certificate|graduate certificates]], which are the highest level of academic degree and require several years of study after a bachelor's degree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What are the different types of graduate degrees? {{!}} Graduate Programs |url=https://blogs.umflint.edu/graduateprograms/2023/05/26/what-are-the-different-types-of-graduate-degrees/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=blogs.umflint.edu}}</ref>

====Vocational school====
Students attending [[vocational school]] focus on their jobs and learning how to work in specific fields of work. A vocational program typically takes much less time to complete than a four-year degree program, lasting 12–24 months.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota Vocational Schools, Trade Schools, Technical Schools - RWM.org |url=http://www.rwm.org/rwm/tf_min.html |website=RWM - Real Work Matters |access-date=6 October 2011 |archive-date=6 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106031002/http://www.rwm.org/rwm/tf_min.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Student politics==
{{Students rights sidebar}}
{{main|Student politics}}
Students sometimes speak out in critical cultural and [[Political movement|political movements]]. They are speak up on issues ranging from [[social justice]], [[climate change]], [[fair pay]], and [[equity in education]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paterson |first=James |title=Student Activism on the Rise {{!}} NEA |url=https://www.nea.org/nea-today/all-news-articles/student-activism-rise |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=www.nea.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Mature students==
{{Excerpt|Adult learner}}

==Student pranks==
{{main|Student prank}}
University students have been associated with pranks and japes since the creation of universities in the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.princeton.edu/mudd/news/faq/topics/pranks.shtml |title=Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library: FAQ Student pranks |publisher=Princeton.edu |date=2012-04-24 |access-date=2012-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202014416/http://www.princeton.edu/mudd/news/faq/topics/pranks.shtml |archive-date=2 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiwiblog.co.nz/2006/10/student_pranks.html |title=Blog Archive » Student Pranks |publisher=Kiwiblog |date=2006-10-21 |access-date=2012-12-08 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051051/http://www.kiwiblog.co.nz/2006/10/student_pranks.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Watts, Jonathan, [https://www.theguardian.com/china/story/0,7369,1075600,00.html "Student prank that gave the Chinese a fit of the willies"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', London, 1 November 2003.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.essaymama.com/blog/student-pranks/ |title=Student Pranks! Attention! |publisher=Essaymama |date=2014-09-03 |access-date=28 November 2014 |archive-date=4 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204031425/http://www.essaymama.com/blog/student-pranks/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Ayala, Jamie,  [http://www.fox11az.com/news/topstories/stories/kmsb-20070614-PEjc-prank.338b9df.html "Sticky student prank injures teacher"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223648/http://www.fox11az.com/news/topstories/stories/kmsb-20070614-PEjc-prank.338b9df.html |date=2007-09-27}}, ''FOX11AZ.com'', Tucson, Arizona, 14 June 2007.</ref> These can often involve petty crime, such as the theft of [[traffic cone]]s and other public property,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unistudentlife.co.uk/advice-information/nightmare-student-street/|title=Nightmare on student street|date=15 February 2014|author=Tom|publisher=DesignForm|access-date=8 July 2020|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711072141/http://www.unistudentlife.co.uk/advice-information/nightmare-student-street/}}</ref> or hoaxes. It is also not uncommon for students from one school to steal or deface the [[mascot]] of a rival school.<ref>Miller, Eli, [http://archive.dailycal.org/article.php?id=10351 "Oski and Tree Have Rowdy, Long History"], ''The Daily Californian'', 22 November 2002. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040920041614/http://www.dailycal.org/article.php?id=10351 |date=20 September 2004}}</ref> In fact, pranks play such a significant part in student culture that numerous books have been published that focus on the issue.<ref>Peterson, T.F., ''Nightwork: A History of Hacks and Pranks at MIT'', 2003.</ref><ref>Steinberg, Neil, ''If at All Possible, Involve a Cow: The Book''</ref>

==Other terms==
*Students who are [[Grade retention|repeating a grade level of schooling due to poor grades]] are sometimes referred to as having been "held back" or "kept back".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dong |first=Yingying |date=2010-02-01 |title=Kept back to get ahead? Kindergarten retention and academic performance |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014292109000695 |journal=European Economic Review |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=219–236 |doi=10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.06.004 |issn=0014-2921|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Sometimes students are described as "retained" or "repeaters".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED082869.pdf | title=Document Resume }}</ref>
*The term 'pupil' (originally a Latin term for a minor as the ward of an adult guardian, etc.) is used in some Commonwealth [[primary school|primary]] and [[secondary school|secondary]] schools (particularly in England and Wales) instead of "student", but once attending further education (at a [[sixth-form]] college) or higher education (at [[university]] for example), the term "student" is standard. The term ''pupil'' is also used in the Philippines by the Department of Education to refer to learners currently in elementary school; the term ''student'' is used for by the Department of Education for learners in high school.
*The [[United States military academies]] officially use only numerical terms, but there are colloquial expressions used in everyday speech. In order from first year to fourth year, students are referred to as "fourth-class", "third-class", "second-class", and "first-class" cadets or midshipmen. Unofficially, other terms are used, for example at the United States Military Academy, freshmen are called "plebes", sophomores are called "yearlings" or "yuks", juniors are called "cows", and seniors are called "firsties". Some universities also use numerical terms to identify classes; students enter as "first-years" and graduate as "fourth-years" (or, in some cases, "fifth-years", "sixth-years", etc.).

==Idiomatic use==
"Freshman" and "sophomore" are sometimes used [[Literal and figurative language|figurative]]ly, almost exclusively in the United States, to refer to a first or second effort ("the singer's ''sophomore'' [[album]]"), or to a [[politician]]'s first or second term in office ("freshman senator") or an [[sportsperson|athlete]]'s first or second year on a [[professional sports team]]. "Junior" and "senior" are not used in this figurative way to refer to third and fourth years or efforts, because of those words' broader meanings of "[[wikt:younger|younger]]" and "[[wikt:older|older]]". A [[junior senator]] is therefore not one who is in a third term of office, but merely one who has not been in the Senate as long as the other senator from their [[U.S. state|state]]. Confusingly, this means that it is possible to be both a "freshman senator" and a "senior senator" simultaneously: for example, if a senator wins election in 2008, and then the other senator from the same state steps down and a new senator elected in 2010, the former senator is both senior senator (having been in the Senate for two years longer) and a freshman senator (being still in their first term).

==International Students' Day==
[[International Students' Day]] (17 November) remembers the anniversary of the 1939 Nazi storming of the [[Charles University in Prague|University of Prague]] after student demonstrations against the [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia]]. Germans closed all Czech universities and colleges, sent over 1200 students to Nazi concentration camps, and had nine student leaders executed (on 17 November).<ref>"[http://www.radio.cz/en/section/panorama/the-17th-of-november-remembering-jan-opletal-martyr-of-an-occupied-nation The 17th of November: Remembering Jan Opletal, martyr of an occupied nation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905161421/http://www.radio.cz/en/section/panorama/the-17th-of-november-remembering-jan-opletal-martyr-of-an-occupied-nation |date=5 September 2019 }}". [[Radio Prague]].</ref>

==See also==
{{sisterlinks|Student}}
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
* [[Bullying in academia]]
* [[Bullying in teaching]]
* [[Dormitory]]
* [[Freshman 15]]
* [[Homeschooling]]
* [[International student]]
* [[Learning]]
* [[School bullying]]
* [[School uniform]]
* [[Student activism]]
* [[Student club]]
* [[Student orientation]]
* [[School counselor]]
* [[Student financial aid in the United States]]
* [[Study skills]]
* [[College town|Studentification]]
* [[Tutor]]
* [[Teacher]]
* [[University student retention]]
* [[Youth]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Students| ]]